4.

6 Summary EMCGP
Pythagorean Identities Ratio Identities
cos
2
+ sin
2
= 1 tan =
sin
cos
cos
2
= 1 sin
2

cos
sin
=
1
tan
sin
2
= 1 cos
2

Special angle triangles

30

60

3
2
45

45

1
1

2
0

30

45

60

90

cos 1

3
2
1

2
1
2
0
sin 0
1
2
1

3
2
1
tan 0
1

3
1

3 undef
CAST diagram and reduction formulae
x
y
O
First Quadrant:
all functions are positive
sin (360

+ ) = sin
cos (360

+ ) = cos
tan (360

+ ) = tan
sin (90

) = cos
cos (90

) = sin
Second Quadrant:
sine function is positive
sin (180

) = sin
cos (180

) = cos
tan (180

) = tan
sin (90

+ ) = cos
cos (90

+ ) = sin
Third Quadrant:
tangent function is positive
sin (180

+ ) = sin
cos (180

+ ) = cos
tan (180

+ ) = tan
Fourth Quadrant:
cosine function is positive
sin (360

) = sin
cos (360

) = cos
tan (360

) = tan
171 Chapter 4. Trigonometry