1.

DESIGN OF AC/DC VOLTAGE REGULATOR USING SCR

AIM
To construct and plot the AC/DC regulator using SCR.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

S.NO APPARATUS RANGE QUANTITY
1 SCR 2P4M 1
2 Resistor 540ohm,8.2kohm,15ohm Each 1
3 Potentiometer 10kohm 1
4 Diode In4001 1
5 Stepdown transformer (18-0-18)v 1
6 Trainer kit - 1
7 CRO (0-30)MHZ 1

THEORY

Rectification is a process of converting an AC to DC. The fully controlled converter
uses thyristors as the rectifying elements and the Dc output as function of amplitude of the Ac
supply voltage and the point at which the thyristors are triggered. During the positive half cycle
of the input voltage SCR 1, SCR 2, are forward biased and are simultaneously triggered at the
firing angle . The supply voltage appears across the load resistance R. The load voltage is 0
from to +, until the SCR 3 and SCR 4 are triggered in negative half cycle. The load current
now flows from the supply, SCR 3,Load and SCR 4.thus the direction of current through the load
is the same in both half cycles. The output voltage is given by the expression.

DESIGN
Ac supply = 21 V ; RL = 15 ohm ; SCR triggered between gate trigger current = 10 microA
Triggered voltage = 0.5 V
At 5 C, ei = 21 sin 5 = 1.83 V
At 90 C, ei = 21 sin 90 = 21 V
When SCR triggered,
VT = Vg + V01 + IaR1
= 0.5 + 0.7 + (10 * 10^ (-6) * 15)
VT = 1.2 V
Once SCR triggered at ei = 1.83 V
R2 must be at the top
VR2 + VR3 = VT =1.2v
VR1= ei - VT = 1.83 -1.2 = 0.63 V
Then R1= VR1 / I1 = 0.63 / (1.2 * 10^(-3)) = 540ohm
Imin >> Ig
At ei = 1.83
Let I1(min) =1.2 mA
I1 becomes VR1/R1 =0.63/540 =1.17 mA
Ei = 21 V ; I1 = 21 / (R1 + R2 + R3)
1.17 * 10^(-3) = (21/ (540 + 10 * 10^(3) + R3))
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM



MODEL GRAPH



SYMBOL








R3 = 17.95 * 10 ^(3) 10.540
= 7.41
R3 = 8.2 kohm

PROCEDURE
1.connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
2.apply AC voltage to step down transformer.
3.vary the potentiometer value at resistance potential output waveforms of SCR is noted.






























RESULT

Thus the operation of fully controlled converter with R load has been studied and the
waveforms are observed.