RSA

RSA
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

p q
N=p*q
(N)=(p-1)*(q-1)
K<N, , (K, (N))=1
k: Kk=1mod (N)
(k, (N))=1

RSA
2.
M- <N
E=MKmod N
3.
M=Ekmod N

RSA
:
M=Ek=MKk=M l (N)+1=M*(M(N)) l=
=M*1=M mod N
M(N)=1 mod N
(M,N)=1,

(M,N)>1

a*b=1modp
a*b=l*p+1

 RSA

:
1. p q
.
2. N=p*q; (p-1)*(q-1)
3. (K, (N)) - -
4. k K -

mod
.

 RSA
k K :
Kk=1mod (N), .. (N),
k .
(N)=(p-1)*(q-1), ..
p q k .
p q N
,
.

 RSA

k K, M, E, N, f() g()
: M=Ekmod N
k:
1.
M
2. E=MKmod N
M.
3. k=logEM mod N
.

 RSA
M E :

mod N^
E0=E
Ei=(Ei-1)Kmod N
Ek=E Ek E, Ek-1
:
Ek=(Ek-1)Kmod N

E=MKmodN

,
.

 RSA
E = M K mod N = M mod N,
..
.

:
p=2p-1
q=2q-1, p q .


RSA


p q
( p q)

p
b , 0 < b < p,
(0 < < p 1)

y = b mod p.

(p, b, y)
(a,p) .


:
K (0 < K < p 1)
(K, p 1)=1

= b K mod p, = M y K mod p,
: (, )


:
M = a mod p

:
a = b aK mod p ;
a = M y K b aK = M b K b aK = M mod p.


:
K ,
,
*.
.
,
RSA.

*(
, )




:
y2 + axy + by = x3 + cx2 + dx + e
(a,b,c,d,e )
:
y2 + y = x3 - x2
:
(0, 0), (1, -1), (1, 0) D (0, -1)

 ..

:

0,
.
,
.

, 0.


0 - .
, 0 = -0
+ 0 = .

:
S = (x, y) T = (x, -y).

,..:
1 + 2 + 0 = 0 1 = -2.


P Q (. )
,

.

P Q,
, S.
P+Q+S=

,
P + Q = -S
P+Q=T

 ..
- P Q,
:
S = P S = Q.

Q:
Q
S .
Q + Q = 2 Q = -S.

.
k (k>0)
k .


..
G .
:
: k ( )
: K=k*G



M ..
A k .
: E=(k*G, M+k*K)=(x,y)

:
M=y-k*x

[M+k*K]-[k*(k*G)]=
= M+k*(k*G)- k*(k*G)=M

1.
2.

3.
4. (
)
5.
6. ( ,
DES).

56

384

64

512

80

768

112

1792

128

2304

1. :
K
KB
2. :

K k

E =f (M; K)
E0=f(K;KB)
3. :

(E;E0)

K= g(E0;kB)
=

g(E;K)