Algebra del operador nabla

Operadores de primer orden

Gradiente: =

x
u
x
+

y
u
y
+

z
u
z
Divergencia: A =
A
x
x
+
A
y
y
+
A
z
z
Rotacional: A =

A
z
y

A
y
z

u
x
+

A
x
z

A
z
x

u
y
+

A
y
x

A
x
y

u
z
Aplicaci on sobre productos
() = +
(A) = A+ A
(A) = A+ A
(A B) = ( A) B( B) A
(A B) = A( B) + (B )AB( A) (A )B
(A B) = A ( B) + (A )B+B ( A) + (B )A
Operadores de segundo orden
() =
2
=

2

x
2
+

2

y
2
+

2

z
2
(Laplaciano)
() = 0
( A) = 0
( A) = ( A)
2
A
Identidades de Green
1
a
identidad: () = +
2
2
a
identidad: ( ) =
2

2

Resumen de f ormulas de coordenadas curvilneas ortogonales

x= cos =r sen cos

x
2
+ y
2
= =r sen

x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
=

2
+ z
2
= r
y = sen =r sen sen arctg
y
x
== arctg

x
2
+ y
2
z
= arctg

z
=
z = z = r cos z = z =r cos arctg
y
x
= =
Vector de posici on:
r = xu
x
+ y u
y
+ zu
z
r = u

+ zu
z
r = ru
r
Factores de escala:
h
i
=

r
q
i

h
x
= 1 h
y
= 1 h
z
= 1
h

= 1 h

= h
z
= 1
h
r
= 1 h

= r h

= r sen
Diferencial de longitud:
dr = h
1
dq
1
u
1
+ h
2
dq
2
u
2
+ h
3
dq
3
u
3
dr = dxu
x
+ dy u
y
+ dzu
z
dr = d u

+ du

+ dzu
z
dr = dru
r
+ r d u

+ r sen du

Diferencial de volumen:
d = h
1
h
2
h
3
dq
1
dq
2
dq
3
d = dxdy dz
d = d ddz
d = r
2
sen dr d d
Delta de Dirac:
(r r

) =
(q
1
q

1
)(q
2
q

2
)(q
3
q

3
)
h
1
h
2
h
3
(r r

) = (x x

)(y y

)(z z

)
(r r

) =
(

)(

)(z z

(r r

) =
(r r

)(

)(

)
r
2
sen
Vectores unitarios:
u
i
=
1
h
i
r
q
i
u
x
=cos u

senu

= sen cos u
r
+ cos cos u

senu

u
y
=sen u

+ cos u

=sen sen u
r
+ cos senu

+ cos u

u
z
= u
z
= cos u
r
senu

cos u
x
+ senu
y
=u

=sen u
r
+ cos u

senu
x
+ cos u
y
=u

= u

u
z
=u
z
=cos u
r
senu

sen cos u
x
+ sen senu
y
+ cos u
z
=senu

+ cos u
z
= u
r
cos cos u
x
+ cos senu
y
sen u
z
=cos u

sen u
z
= u

senu
x
+ cos u
y
= u

=u

Gradiente:
=
1
h
1

q
1
u
1
+
1
h
2

q
2
u
2
+
1
h
3

q
3
u
3
=

x
u
x
+

y
u
y
+

z
u
z
=

+
1

+

z
u
z
=

r
u
r
+
1
r

+
1
r sen

Rotacional:
A =
1
h
1
h
2
h
3

h
1
u
1
h
2
u
2
h
3
u
3

q
1

q
2

q
3
h
1
A
1
h
2
A
2
h
3
A
3

A =

A
z
y

A
y
z

u
x
+

A
x
z

A
z
x

u
y
+

A
y
x

A
x
y

u
z
A =

A
z

z

A
z

+
1

(A

u
z
A =
1
r sen

(sen A

u
r
+
1
r

1
sen
A
r

(rA

)
r

+
1
r

(rA

)
r

A
r

Divergencia:
A =
1
h
1
h
2
h
3

(A
1
h
2
h
3
)
q
1
+
(h
1
A
2
h
3
)
q
2
+
(h
1
h
2
A
3
)
q
3

A =
A
x
x
+
A
y
y
+
A
z
z
A =
1

(A

+
1

+
A
z
z
A =
1
r
2
(r
2
A
r
)
r
+
1
r sen
(sen A

+
1
r sen
A

Laplaciano:

2
=
1
h
1
h
2
h
3

q
1

h
2
h
3
h
1

q
1

+

q
2

h
1
h
3
h
2

q
2

+

q
3

h
1
h
2
h
3

q
3

2
=

2

x
2
+

2

y
2
+

2

z
2

2
=
1

+
1

2
+

2

z
2

2
=
1
r
2

r
2

+
1
r
2
sen

sen

+
1
r
2
sen
2