Steps of the Scientific Method

1. Problem/Question: Develop a question or problem that can

be solved through experimentation.
2. Observation/Research: Make observations and research your
topic of interest.
3. Formulate a Hypothesis: Predict a possible answer to the
problem or question.
Example: If soil temperatures rise, then plant growth will
increase.


Hypothesis

Proposed scientific explanation for a set of
observations
To make a hypothesis:
use prior knowledge,
logical inference,
research,
creative imagination
Written in a way that can be tested
For most of our purposes, a hypothesis will
be stated in an If.then.. format
NEVER EVER use I guess or I think or I
believe
Steps of the Scientific Method
4. Experiment: Develop and follow a procedure.
The outcome must be measurable.
In order to prevent strange occurrences, most experiments
try to control as many conditions as possible
These conditions are called variables
Manipulated variable (independent variable): one that is
deliberately changed
Responding variable (dependent variable): changes in response
to the manipulated variable
Ideally, only ONE variable should be changed at a time
A control is a test group in which nothing is changed (can be
called the placebo group) Do not receive the manipulated
variable.
In order to be a valid experiment, it must be repeatable
Procedures must be clear, precise, and detailed
These directions are called the procedure





Steps of the Scientific Method
5. Collect and Analyze Results: Modify the procedure if needed.
Confirm the results by retesting.
Usually presented in graph or table format (more organized)
Drawings provided when possible to provide clarification
Report all data whether good, bad, or ugly
In order to be useful, the data needs to be analyzed
This means explaining in words what was found and why
6. Conclusion: Include a statement that accepts or rejects the
hypothesis.
Make recommendations for further study and possible improvements
to the procedure.
7. Communicate the Results: Be prepared to present the project to an
audience.



Designing a scientific experiment

Observe and create a question or identify a
problem.
Research question/problem
Form a hypothesis
Set up a controlled experiment
Analyze results
Draw a conclusion
Communicate ideas