Fundamental Laws of Fluid Mechanics

1. Conservation of Mass (or Continuity Equation):

The time rate of change of mass of a system is zero.
0
sys
dM
dt
=
2. Linear Momentum Principle (Newtons Second Law) :
The time rate of change of linear momentum of a system is
equal to the sum of external forces acting on the system.
sys
sys
dP
F
dt
=

3. Angular Momentum Principle

The time rate of change of angular momentum of a system is
equal to the sum of the external torques acting on the system
sys
sys
dH
T
dt
=

Fundamental Laws of Fluid Mechanics (cont)

4. The First Law of Thermodynamics:
The time rate of change of the total energy of a system is equal to the
rate of heat transfer into the system minus the rate of work done by
the system on the surroundings (or plus the rate of work done by the
surrounding on the system).
( ) surr on sys
sys
dE
Q W Q W
dt
= = +
5. The Second Law of Thermodynamics:
The time rate of increase of the entropy of a system is greater than
or equal to the ratio of the heat transfer rate into the system to the
absolute temperature of system.
sys
sys
dS Q
dt T
| |
>
|
\ .