CVE2425

..
2548
ISBN 974 - 184 - 861 - 7
.. ()
.. 2548
.............................................................
(. )
.............................................................
(. )
.............................................................
(. )
.............................................................
(. )
..
12

.
.
2548

Chin Load - Settlement
Pile Load Test
10 Terzaghi, Davisson, Fuller and Hoy, Butler
and Hoy, De Beer, Modified Mazurkiewicz, Van der Veen, Chin, 80% Brich
Hansen 90% Brich Hansen Modified Mazurkiewicz
Davisson
De Beer
Chin 2 8 Pile
Load Test 2 20
Hiley Driven 0.9 1.05
Hiley 0.86 1.10
Pile Load Test
: / /
Thesis Title
Thesis Credits
Candidate
Thesis Advisors
Program
Field of Study
Department
Faculty
B.E.
Interpretation of Pile Load Test

12
Mr. Kittisak Tongmak
Dr. Yongyuth Taesiri
Assoc. Prof. Kasem Petchgate
Master of Engineering
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering
School of Engineering
2548
Abstract
The research is carried out for the purpose of the pile load test interpretation. Comparison between
failed and unfailed piles was made in this study. The Chin method was used as a tool to generate the
Load-Settlement graph in order to acquire fundamental information for further analysis. Data from
pile load test were utilized to interpret ultimate bearing capacity by using 10 different methods,
which were Terzaghi method, Davisson method, Fuller and Hoy method, Butler and Hoy method,
De Beer method, Modified Mazurkiewicz method, Van der Veen method, Chin method, 80% Brich
Hansen method and 90% Brich Hansen method. The results illustrate that Modified Mazurkiewicz
is the best for the failed piles. In case of unfailed piles, Davisson method and De Beer method are
the most efficient method. The pile capacities predicted by Chin method are between 2 - 8 percent
higher comparing to those from pile load test results and between 2 20 percent lower than the
results from Hileys formula. However, the ultimate bearing capacity of pile computed by Driven
program is between 0.9 1.05 times of that calculated by Hileys formula, and between 0.86 1.10
times of the results obtained from pile load test.
Keywords : Pile capacity / Pile Load Test / Prediction
.
.

.
.

.

1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1
1
1
2
2
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9 Driven
4
4
12
30
37
41
44
49
60
63
3.
3.1
79
79
3.2
3.3
3.4 Driven
Hiley
3.5 Driven
4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
Predict Chin
4.4
Hiley
Load Settlement Predict Chin
4.5 Driven
79
81
87
93
103
103
122
126
146
149
5.
5.1
5.2
159
159
160
161

Predict Chin
( 2
169
169
181
200
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
adhesion factor
Humes
Factor of Safety range for equations used in the Michigan Pile Test Program
Pile Load Test
Predict Chin
( 3 )
Predict Chin
( 3 )
Predict Chin
( 2 )
Predict Chin
( 2 )
Hiley A
Hiley B
B
Predict Chin ( 2 )
Hiley
Predict Chin ( Terzaghi, Davisson
De beer)
Hiley
25
35
35
41
81
81
81
84
120
130
132
134
136
146
147
150
152
154
4.11
4.12
4.13
.1
Predict Chin ( Van der Veen,

Modified Mazurkiewicz, 80% Brinch Hansen, 90% Brinch Hansen,
Fuller and Hoy Butler and Hoy)
Driven
Hiley A
Driven
Hiley B
Driven
Pile Load Test
Predict Chin
( 2 )
156
156
157
182
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
Nq
Nq

Adhesion factor
Standard penetration test
SPT
adhesion factor
Davisson
Chin
5
8
8
9
10
11
12
13
16
17
18
18
20
21
22
23
24
27
28
29
39
39
40
45
47
48
50
52
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
De Beer
90% Brinch Hansen
80% Brinch Hansen
Mazurkiewicz
Modified Mazurkiewicz
Fuller and Hoy Butler and Hoy
Van der Veen
N ' q
N ' q Point Resistance Contribution
Point Resistance Contribution
Pile Toe ()
cohesionless
Pile Toe ()
cohesionless
adhesion cohesive
adhesion cohesive
adhesion factor ( )
adhesion factor ( )
adhesion factor ( )
adhesion factor
K = 250
K = 250
K = 300
K = 300
K = 350
K = 350
K = 400
K = 400
correction factor K
correction factor K
53
53
55
56
57
58
59
64
65
65
66
67
67
68
68
68
69
69
71
72
72
73
73
74
74
75
75
75
2.57 /
2.58 /
2.59 correction factor field SPT N-Values

effective overburden pressure
2.61 SPT
3.1
3.2 A
3.3 A
3.4 A
3.5 Bearing Unit A
3.6 B
3.7 B
3.8 Driven
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12 cohesionless
3.13 SPT N internal friction angle
3.14 cohesive soil
3.15 Pipe Pile Closed End
3.16 Pipe Pile Open End
3.17 Precast Concrete Pile
3.18 H- Pile
3.19
3.20 Bearing Capacity
3.22
76
76
77
77
78
80
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
95
96
96
97
98
98
99
99
100
101
101
102
4.1
President Internation
4.2 Terzaghi President
Internation
4.3 Terzaghi Crytal City
4.4 Terzaghi
1.20
4.5 Davisson
( T2- C2 )
4.6 Davisson initial
modulus elastic
4.7 Davisson initial modulus
elastic
4.8 Fuller&Hoy Building 9 Stories
4.9 load settlement 0.05 / Fuller&Hoy
4.10 Butler&Hoy Building 9 Stories
4.11 De beer Asoke Tower
4.12 elastic plastic
De beer
4.13 Modified Mazurkiewicz
4.14 End bearing Modified Mazurkiewicz
4.15 Van der Veen Fortune Complex
4.16 load - settlement Van der Veen
4.17 Van der Veen load 600 tons
4.20 Chin President Internation
4.21 Chin
4.22 80% Brinch Hansen
Lakmung Hospital
104
104
105
105
106
107
107
108
109
109
110
111
111
112
113
113
114
114
115
116
116
117
118
4.24 load movement 90% Brinch Hansen

50% UU 90% PU
50% UU 90% PU
4.26 Predict 3 Design load Predict 2
4.27 Predict Chin
Mae Moh Unit 10.1
4.28 Predict Chin
Mae Moh Unit 10.1
4.29 Davisson load settlement
Predict Chin Mae Moh Unit 10.1
4.30 Predict Chin
Kanista Resident
4.31 Predict Chin
Kanista Resident
4.32 Terzaghi load settlement
Predict Chin Kanista Resident
4.34 De beer load settlement
4.35 Fuller&Hoy load settlement
4.36 Butler&Hoy load settlement
load settlement Predict Chin Kanista Resident
4.38 Van der Veen load settlement
119
119
126
129
129
138
139
140
140
141
141
142
142
143
143
144

4.41 Predict
Chin Kanista Resident
4.42 Predict
Chin Future Place Condominium
.1 Sakorn Place
.2 Ban Sing Land ( 1)
.4 Toshiba Project
.5 Lakmung Hospital
.6 President Internation
.7 Building 9 Stories
.8 ( T3-C2)
.9 ( T2-C2)
.10 ( T2-C1)
.11 ( T1B-C1)
.12 ( T1-C3)
.13 ( T2-C3)
.14 Carre Four
.15 Technothani
.16 Asoke Tower
.17 Mae Moh Unit 10.1
.18 Crytal City
.19 Fortune Complex
.20 RS Tower
.21 Witayu Complex
.22 Grand Diamond
144
145
145
170
170
171
171
172
172
173
173
174
174
175
175
176
176
177
177
178
178
179
179
180
180
Ab
AF
a
B
b
c
C1
C2
C3
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Cd
D
E
e
F.S
fs
h
L
NC
Nq
N
NCorrected
NMeasured
n
P
m
Qu
Qb
Qs
qu
r
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

()
(Cohesion)
L2
L
effective pile perimeter
modulus of elasticity
Efficiency factor
Factor of safety
(unit skin friction)
Standard Penetration Number

Standard Penetration Number
Efficiency factor
(Ultimate Load)
(End Bearing)
(Friction Resistance)
Unconfined Compressive Strength
Coefficient of restitution
Su
S
W
Z
z
v
h
K
Pd
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Undrained Shear Strength

( 10 )
Equipment Loss Factor

depth coordinate
normal stress
( Vertical Stress)
(Horizontal stress)
lateral stress z
pile taper
adhesion factor
angle of internal friction
pile-soil friction angle
1
1.1
(Bearing Capacity)

2-3
5
1. (Empirical)
2. (Static)
3.
4. (Wave Equation)
5. Pile Load Test

Pile Load Test

Pile Load Test

Pile Load Test
1.2
load displacement
Pile Load Test

Terzaghi (1942), Fuller and Hoy
(1970), Chin (1970), Van de Veen (1953), Van de veen and Wallays (1972) Davisson (1972)

Pile
Load Test
1.3
1.
2.

3. Predicts Chin

4.

5. Driven HilayFormula
Blow Count
Predicts Chin
6.
1.4
Pile Load Test

1.
2. Predicts

3.
Pile Load Test
4.

5. Driven
6.
2
2.1

elastic

(linear) 2.1() linear elastic
2.1()
nonlinear elastic
2.1() plastic strain plastic settlement

2.1() rigid-plastic
elastic

elastic plastic elastoplastic 2.1()
elastoplastic (yield stress)
1 perfectly plastic
2 3
2.1
( [10])
strain
hardening strain softening

3
(viscous material)
viscoelastic , viscoplastic elastoviscoplastic
()

2.1()
2.1()
prestress
2.1.1

1

2.2()
2
(Distortion)

2.2()
1

(Normal Load)
2.3()
2

() 1 () 2
2.2
( Centre for Civil Engineering Research and Codes [23])
()
()
2.3
( Centre for Civil Engineering Research and Codes [23])
2.1.2

2.4

(Ultimate Pile Capacity)
2.4
( [7])

(Skin Friction) (End Bearing)
10
10 %
30 %

Skin Friction

End Bearing Skin Friction
End Bearing 2.5
2.6 Skin Friction
Stiff Clay
Skin Friction

(Shear Plane)
(Ultimate Pile
Capacity)
2.5
( Carroll , 1987 [22])
11
2.6
( Carroll , 1987 [22])
Tomlinson[61]
2.7
(Pile-Soil System)
A
A
Yielding Slippage B
Maximum Skin Friction C
OC Permanent Settlement Maximum Skin Friction
0.3-1 (Base
Resistance) 10 20
D 2.7

D Strain
Gauges
2.7 A Skin Friction
B
12
Maximum Skin Friction D

Skin Friction

2.7
( Tomlinson [61])
2.2

3
13
2.8 ( Coduto, 1994 [27])
14
1) Static Method

2) Dynamic Method

Newton

3)

3.1 Proof Load Test

2 - 2.5

3.2 Ultimate Load Test

15

2 3

2.2.1 Static Formula

shear strength parameters ( c , )
total (undrained) effective parameters effective parameters

triaxial test

cone penetration test standard penetration test
(Qu)(Qb) (Qs)
2.9 2 static
soil mechanics
QU = Qb + QS
[2.1]
Qu
Qb
=
=
(Ultimate Load)
(Point Bearing)
16
Qs
(Friction Resistance)
2.9
2.2.1.1 (Base Resistance, Qb)
(failure surface)
2.10
Qb = Ab . qult
Qb = Ab [cNC+ v Nq+0.5B N]
Qb
Ab
c
v
NC , Nq , N
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(Cohesion)
(Effective Vertical Stress)
(Bearing Capacity Factor)
()
[2.2]
17
2.10 (Vesic, 1967 [65])
.
c = c = 0 = / N Nq
soil parameters effective long-term ultimate load capacity
(drained condition)
Qb = Ab v N q
[2.3]
Nq
2.11 2.12 Nq
Berezantsev (Tomlinson,1986 ; Poulos and Davis,1980)
2.12 triaxial tests penetration tests

carbonate sand silt
Kishida
( + 40 )0.5 (Poulos and Davis,1980 ; Tomlinson,1986)

() 1100 bearing stratum
5
18
(bearing stratum) D/B ( depth (length) to width radio )

2.12 bearing stratum
2.11 Nq
(Vesic, 1967 [65])
2.12 Nq
(Barezantsev, 1961[14])
19
.
0 Nq 1 N
Qb = Ab.cNC
[2.4]
NC 0
SKEMPTON (1951)
SKEMPTON (1959)
SOWERS (1961)
MOHAN&JAIN (1961)
LADANYI (1963)
6.14 < NC < 9 length to width radio (D/B) > 4

NC = 9 London clay
5 < NC < 8
5.7 < NC < 8.2 expansive clays
7.4 < NC < 9.3 inpansive clays
BISHOP (1961)
NC = 1 + 4 1 +ln
3
E
3CU
TOMLINSON (1986)
NC = length to width radio in bearing stratum > 5
BOWLES (1986)
NC = 5.74
9
2.2.1.2 (Skin Friction, Qs)

Shear strength of soil s = c + tan
(unit skin friction) fs = ca + h tan
c = soil cohesion cU
ca = soil adhesion .c
= adhesion factor
= normal stress
h = horizontal stress
= angle of internal friction
= angle of friction ( 2.13)
20
.
cohesion fricionless soil
drained
condition effective effective stress
fs = h tan
= K v tan
K = coefficient of lateral pressure
v = average effective vertical stress =
L
QS = 0 P . K v tan .dl
[2.5]
P = ( = 4B, = D)
L =
2.13
2.13 (V,
) /
K
K 0.5 1.5
21
)

undrained conditions

( = 0 analysis)
QS = fS.Ab = ca.P.L
QS = .c.P.L
fS = unit skin friction
Ab = = P.L
c = cohesion = average undisturbed shear strength
= cU undrained shear strength
= adhesion factor ( 2.14)
2.14 Adhesion factor

(a)
(b)
(c)
[2.6]
22
2.2.2 Standard Penetration Test (SPT)

Standard penetration test
standard split spoon sampler (Raymond sampler) 2
140 30 ( 2.15)
6 ( 6
)

(N, bolws/ft)
2.15 Standard penetration test (SPT)

fine sand silty sand N 15
Ncorrected = 15 + 1 (N - 15)
2
[2.7]
23
overburden pressure (po)

Peck and Bazaraa (1969)
corrected N =
4N
1 + 2 p0
p0
corrected N =
4N
3.25 +0.5 p 0
p0
1.5 ksf
[2.8]
> 1.5 ksf
[2.9]
( relative density ) 0.5 50%

Gibb and Holtz
(1957) 2.16
Peck, Hansen & Thornburn (1974)
2.16 SPT
Ncorrected = C Nmeasured
[2.10]
corrected factor C = 0.77 log 20

p0
p0
> 1.5 tons/ft2
24
2.2.3 Static Formula

(case-in-place pile)

(driven and case-in-place pile)
(bored and case-in-place pile) bored pile ()

0.60
75
(tube, casing)
Tomlinson(1986) ()
Rotary Drilling bentonite slurry
NC= 9 shear strength
= 0.45 shear strength c
10 heavily fissured clay 0.3
2.5 skin friction
boulder clay glacial tills adhesion factor 2.17
Weltman and Healy (1978)
2.17 adhesion factor
25
Bowles(1988) = 0.35 0.40 c 100 kPa NC= 9
Poulos and Davis (1980)

3 Skempton (1959), Meyerhof and Murdock
(1953) c 96 kPa 2.1
2.1 adhesion factor

injection bored pile injection
skin friction injection base resistance
2.2.4 Dynamic Formula

2.2.4.1

26

(soil
heave) (pile heave)

) (Cohesive Soil)
1. remold state
( 2.18 )
remold state
2. (total stress) ( h )
( v )
undisturbed
state remold state excess pore pressure(
)
Stress history ( Stress
) heavily overconsolidated
( 2.18) heavily over consolidated clay
(Overconsolidation ratio > 8)
(load)
remold state
heavily over
consolidated clay sensitive
27
2.18
load
1. Thixotrory (pore pressure)(effective stress)
release residual stress
(undrained condition)
2. Consolidation (swelling)
dynamic load
soil dynamic
consolidation process Thixotrory consolidation process
swelling process
(friction) (end
bearing)
mobilize mobilize displacement

excess pose pressure net
excess pose pressure
28
critical condition
long term condition fully drained
) (Cohesionless Soil)
( 2.19) state

(permeability)

critical condition effective confining stress
2.19
(fine silt) dense silty
fine sand
long term condition
friction pile (
)
29
(stiff clay) heavily over consolidated clay

stiff clay normally consolidated state
)
(
2.20) total horizontal stress ( h )
(skin friction)
(end bearing) total vertical stress ( v )

()
(stress)

relative density
remolding action

soil parameter site
2.20
30
2.3

End Bearing

(Load Test)

( 10 ) Blow
Count
(Factor of Safety)
2.3.1 (Pile Driving Formula)

()
(static formula, pile load test)
()

[, 2539]
48 - 60 /30 5.0 - 6.2 /10

72 - 96 /30 3.1 - 4.2 /10
144 - 180 /30 1.7 - 2.1 / 10
(Ultimate Bearing load)

31
2.3.1.1 Engineering News Formula ( F.S. = 4)

QU =
QU
W
h
S
C
Wh
S + 2.54C
=
=
=
=
=
Ultimate bearing capacity ()

()
()
10
0.9 (drop hammer)
2.3.1.2 Hiley ' s Formula ( F.S. = 4)

QU =
eWh
C
S+
2
QU
= Ultimate bearing capacity ()
= Efficiency factor
W
P
= ()
= ()
W + Pr 2
W +P
32
= Coefficient of restitution = 0.25
= ()
= Equipment Loss Factor
= 1 Falling hammer
= 0.80 Drop hammer with Friction winch
= 10
= Temporary Compression = C1 + C2 + C3
= L2 ()
h
Z
S
C
C1
=1.8
C2
QU L2
A
= L ()
= 0.72
QU L
A
QU
A
C3
= ()
= 3.60
2.3.1.3 Janbu's Formula ( F.S. = 4)

QU =
Wh
KU s
KU =Cd . 1+
Cd
C d = 0.75 +0.15
=
P
W
WhL
AES 2
2.3.1.4 Load Bearing Capacity (So's Formula), ( F.S. = 5)

a
QU =
S+
1
2ab
2
= ewh
33
= 1 Falling hammer
= 0.80 Drop hammer with friction winch
W
P
L
A
E
h
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
QU
L
AE
()
()
()
()
()
()
Ultimate bearing capacity ()
() 10
2.3.2
1994 183
(Ultimate Bearing load) Hiley ' s Formula
R=
nWhE
C
S+
2
= ()
= Efficiency factor
W
h
P
S
e
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
W + P.e 2
W +P
()
()
()
10
Coefficient of pile head and cushion ()
0.25 (Drop hammer)
0
Equipment Loss Factor = 0.75
34
C , , ()
C
= Temporary Compression = C1 + C2 + C3
10 5 R.L
=
A.EC
C1
= L ()
C2
C3
A
EC
= = 0.25
= ()
= Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete = 230,500 ton/cm2
= 9.0128
R
A
Blow count

" S "
10
Hiley

E C3 ( F.S.)
2.3.3 Factor of Safety

2.3.3.1

(S)
Ultimate Bearing Load

Ultimate Bearing
Load
35
. Milligan
.
Wmax =
0.0764 A. B
n
Wmax
A
B
n
=
=
=
=
()
()
()
()
2.2 Humes
()
15
15 - 18
18
Wmin
( P)
P
(3/4) P
(2/3) P
P
=

2.9.3.2 Factor of safety , F.S.

F.S. Bowles

2.3 Factor of Safety range for equations used in the Michigan Pile Test Program
Formula
Engineering News
Hiley
Upper and lower limits of SF = PU / Pd *

Range of Pu , kips
0 200
200 - 400
400 700
1.1 - 2.4
0.9 - 2.1
1.2 - 2.7
1.1 - 4.2
3.0 - 6.5
4.0 - 9.6
36
2.3 Factor of Safety range for equations used in the Michigan Pile Test Program ()
Formula
Pacific Coast Uniform Building Code
Redtenbacher
Eytelwein
Navy - McKay
Rankine
Canadian National Building Code
Modified Engineering News
Gates
Rabe
0 200
2.7 - 5.3
1.7 - 3.6
1.0 - 2.4
0.8 - 3.0
0.9 - 1.7
3.2 - 6.0
1.7 - 4.4
1.8 - 3.0
1.0 - 4.8
Upper and lower limits of SF = PU / Pd *

Range of Pu , kips
200 - 400
400 700
4.3 - 9.7
8.8 - 16.5
2.8 - 6.5
6.0 - 10.9
1.0 - 3.8
2.2 - 4.1
0.2 - 2.5
0.2 - 3.0
1.3 - 2.7
2.3 - 5.1
5.1 - 11.1
10.1 - 19.9
1.6 - 5.2
2.7 - 5.3
2.5 - 4.6
3.8 - 7.3
2.4 - 7.0
3.2 - 8.0
* PU = Ultimate test load.

Pd = Design capacity , using the safety factor recommended for the equation (values range
from 2 to 6 , depending on the formula)
() coarse-grained soil

thixotropic effect excess pore water
pressure
() submerged loose fine sand liquefaction
static formula
dense fine sand
37
()
()
Hiley
()
dynamic static formula

2.4

1. (load-settlement relation)

2. (Ultimate bearing capacity)
3.
dynamic static formula
4.

38
5.
2.4.1
2.21

3

2.4.2
2.22

39
2.21
2.22
40
2.4.3 2.23
)

2
)
)
)
2.23
2.4.4

41
1. Nation Building Code (1990)

250
2. Engel (1988) 5

2.4
( )
( )
0 - 6,000
0 - 1,800
6,000 - 10,000
1,800 - 3,000
10,000 - 20,000
3,000 - 6,000
20,000 - 30,000
6,000 - 9,000
30,000 - 40,000
9,000 - 12,000
: Engel (1988) Coduto (1994)
( )
0
1
2
3
4
2.5

30 90 3-30 (ASTM D 1143)

(Single Pile)
ASTM D-1143 7
2.5.1 Standard Loading Procedure Slow Maintain Load Test

(ASTM D 1143-88)
1) (Test Pile) (Anchor Pile) 1.5 2.0
3 5
2)
42
3) 5
25 200 2
4) 0.254 (0.01 )
2
5) 2, 5, 10, 30, 60
2
6) 2 200
24
0.254 (0.01 ) 12
2
7) 75, 50, 25, 10 0
30 24
2.5.2 Constant Rate of Penetration Test (CRP)

Whitaker (1957) CRP
Test
1) 0.5 3.5
0.25 1.25 (Friction Pile) 0.75 2.5
(End Bearing Pile)
2) 1 2
(Ultimate Load) 5
10 25 (Friction Pile)
(End Bearing Pile)
3) (Ultimate Load)

Whitaker (1970) 10
2.5.3 Cyclic Load Test

Cyclic Load Test Van Weele
(1957), Broms (1972) ASTM
43
1) 25 200
Slow Maintain Load Test
50, 100 150 1
20
Slow Maintain Load Test
2)
20 0.05
10 2 3
10 15
3
2.5.4 Quick Load Test
2
2.5 CRP Test Texas
Highway Department CRP Test
5 10

2.5.5 Loading in Excess of Standard Load Test

1.
2.5.6 Constant Time Interval Loading

1. 1
2.5.7 Constant Settlement Increment Loading Method

1%

44

Standard Loading Procedure Cyclic Load Test
2.6

Chun [26]
1.

2.

10% 25%

3. 2

2 Pseudo-elastic
Pseudo-plastic

4.

45

Vesic (1958) 3
1. General Shear Failure (Caquat, 1934)
I. General Shear Failure II. Local Shear Failure III.Punching Shear Failure
2.24
( : Winterkorn Fang, 1975 [66])
2. Local Shear Failure (Terzaghi, 1943)

46
3. Punching Shear Failure (De Beer Vesic, 1958)

3 2.24

(Punching Failure)
Winterkorn Fang[66]
2.25

1 ( , )

Bucking (Slender Column)
2.25(1)
2

General Shear Failure

2.25(2)
3
Punching Failure

2.25(3)
47
4

2.25(4)
5
4 Heave
2.25
( Winterkorn Fang [66])
Vesic
(End Bearing)
48
2.25
Tomlinson [61]
2.26
)
)
)
)
)
)
2.26
( Tomlinson [61])
49
2.7

10%
10
Pile Load Test :
1. Terzaghi (1943)
2. Davissson (1972)
3. Chin (1970, 1971)
4. De Beer (1967) De Beer and Walllays (1972)
5. Brich Hansen 90% (1963)
6. Brich Hansen 80 % (1963)
7. Modified Mazurkiewicz ( ,1998)
8. Fuller and Hoy (1970)
9. Butler and Hoy (1977)
10. Van der Veen (1953)
Terzaghi (1943)
10
(Ultimate Load)
Davisson (1972) (Ultimate Load)
(Free-Standing Column)
Elastic Shortening (Origin)
50
Offset 3.81 (0.15 ) 0.008

( Quake Factor
1 ) Offset
Elatic
Shortening
(Ultimate Load)
1
Elastic Shortening 20
Davisson
1) 2.27
2) Elastic = PL/AE P , L
, A E modulus of elasticity
3) OA 2 BC OA x
x = 3.81 + 0.008D x = 0.15 + D/120 , (D = )
4) BC
C
2.27 Davisson
( Johsi [40])
51
Davisson

Quick Method BC
Proof
Test
Chin (1970 1971) ( load movement curve)
hyperbola Chin
plot

(1/m) Chin

/P = m + C
=
P =
m =
C =
3
Chin Chin

Davisson limit Chin
Davisson limit 20 40 % Chin Quick test Slow
test Time increment
ASTM
Chin[24] Dr. Tan Swan Beng plot /P 300
load slope load
load slope load 1.2
correction factor 0.2 Prof. Chin
52
/P
( IN / TONS )
Chin
1) /P P
2) Pult 1/C1 C1
2.28

2.28 Chin ( Johsi [40])

De Beer (1967) De Beer Wallay (1972)
Elastic Plastic load
movement log log 2

Elastic
De Beer Slow test
De Beer
1)
2) 2
53
3) 2
Standard Loading Procedure
2.29 De Beer ( Johsi [40])
2.30 90% Brinch Hansen ( Johsi [40])
54
90% Brinch Hansen (1963)

2 90%
90%
90% Brinch Hansen
1) 2.30
2) Pu u
90% Pu Pu
80% Brinch Hansen (1963)
4 80%
80% extrapolation plot
80% Brinch Hansen plot
Chin
PU u 0.8PU 0.25 u

PU
PU =
C1
1
2 C1C 2
U =
C2
C1
C2
= Y
80% Brinch Hansen

1) / P 2.31
P
2)
PU =
1
2 C1C 2
= C1 +C 2
P
U =
C2
C1
55
/P
80% Brinch Hansen 0.8PU 0.25 u load

movement Quick Load Test Standard Loading Procedure
(Plunging Failure)
/ P = C1 +C2
P = / C1 +C 2

( Johsi [40])
Mazurkiewicz (1972) (Ultimate Load)
(Parabola) (Ultimate Load)

45

45

(Ultimate Load) 2.32
56
2.32 Mazurkiewicz
( Johsi [40])
Mazurkiewicz
1) 2.32
2) X
(Y)
3) Y 45
4) (Y) Y
Mazurkiewicz
Modified Mazurkiewicz ( ,1998) Mazurkiewicz

Y X
(Delta load / Delta
settlement) Y
57
X Modified
Mazurkiewicz 2.33

( [3])
Fuller and Hoy (1970) Quick
Load Test
(
)
0.05 /
Elastic
0.05 / Butler and Hoy

Fuller and Hoy
1) 2.34
2) Pu 0.05 /
58
Quick Load Test

elastic 0.05 /
2.34 Fuller and Hoy Butler and Hoy

( Johsi [40])
Butler and Hoy (1977)
0.05 /
Rebound elastic
Bilinear Stress Strain Quick Load Test
Butler and Hoy
Fuller and Hoy
Butler and Hoy
1) 2.34
2) 0.05 /
Rebound elastic
59
Van der Veen (1953) Pult

ln (1- P / Pult ) plot Pult
Van der Veen program
Van der Veen

1) Pult
2) ln (1-P/Pult) (Pult)
3) Pult
2.35
P U = P1
4.0
PU = P3
3.0
PULT = PU = P4
PU = P5
2.0
PU = P7
1 IN = 25.4 mm
1.0
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
MOVEMENT ( INCHES )
2.35 Van der Veen

( Johsi [40])
2.7.1 6 (.. 2527)
(Maintained
Load) ASTM D-1143
60

1) 0.60
1.1
24 25
1.2
24 25
2) 0.60
2.1
PL D
+
+4
AE 120
P ()
L ()
A ()
E ()
D ()
(2)
24 24

D
+4
120
2.8
Pile Load Test
J.H.Hwang, J.C.C.Li, N.Liang [39]
6
61
2.8.1 P - S
load displacement Pile Load Test PS 2 (1) stiffness
(2) Plastic Creep
3 1. (Maximum Curvature)
P-S ( P-S Curvature) 2. 2
( P-S intersection point) 3.
P-S ( P-S starting point)
2.8.2

Ultimate Bearing Capacity

Terzaghi (1942)
S = 0.1D ( D = ) Vesic(1977)
S = 0.1D 0.25D
2.8.3 Tangent Flexibility P-S

P-S
Tangent Flexibility
( S ) P-S Stiffness
P
Fuller and Hoy (1970) Ohio

California Fuller and Hoy Ultimate Bearing Capacity
(load) P-S . Tangent slope 1.27 ./
2.8.4 Plastic(Residual) Settlement, SP,

Pile Load Test
(multistage loading) unloading Plastic Settlement
Chellis(1961) Ultimate Bearing
62
Capacity (load) P - SP Canadian Building Coad

(1960) Davisson (1972) Ultimate Bearing Capacity
(load) Plastic Settlement SP = 1.0 (25.4 .) SP = 0.15 + 0.1D
( D = ) Boston Building Code Ultimate
Bearing Capacity Plastic Settlement SP = 0.5 DIN4026
Ultimate Bearing Capacity Plastic Settlement SP =
2.5%D
2.8.5 Creep
S-log t ( log )
S-log t
elastic Ultimate S-log t
2.8.6 P-S
P-S
P-S Ultimate
Chin (1970) Van der Veen (1953)

1. log P log S (De beer ,1972) P-S log P log S
Ultimate Bearing Capacity 2
log P log S
2. S - log P (Shen , 1980) P-S S - log P
S - log P
3. P - S/ log t P-S t P - S/ log t
yield Ultimate
63
2.9 Driven
(U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration)

static formula Driven
Nordlund(1963, 1979), Thurman(1964), Meyerhof(1976), Cheney
and Chassie(1982), Tomlinson(1980, 1985) Hannigan, et.al.(1997)
Nordlund Tomlinson Semi empirical
(pile variables)

2.9.1 Driven
load-carrying capacility (frictional resistance)
(shaft)
[2.11]
Q = Q p +Qs
[2.12]
Q p = Ap * q p
Qs = f s C d dz
0
Ap
qp
s
Cd
L
=
=
=
= effective perimeter
=
[2.13]
64
= depth coordinate
s qp
(end bearing pile) Driven
(Thurman,1964)
[2.14]
Q pnet = Ap qN ' q
= bearing capacity factor 3.23

= dimensionless factor
N 'q
2.36
N 'q
( Bowles,1977)
65
2.37
N 'q
Point Resistance Contribution
2.38 Point Resistance Contribution

Driven pile point resistance limit Meyerhof (1976) ( 2.39)
limit
Shaft Resistance
f s = ca + h * tan()
[2.15]
66
ca
h
= pile soil adhesion

= normal component of stress
= pile-soil friction angle
h v h = K * v K lateral stress
[2.15]
f s = ca + K * v * tan()
[2.16]
2.39 Pile Toe ()

cohesionless
Total Stress Analysis
= 0 total stress analysis [2.16]
f s = ca
[2.17]
67
2.40 Pile Toe ()

cohesionless ( 2.39)
ca undrained shear strength su
[2.18]
ca = * S u
empirical adhesion :
2.41 2.46 ca
Tomlinson (1979, 1980)
2.41 adhesion cohesive
68
2.42 adhesion cohesive ( 3.28)
2.43 adhesion factor ()
2.44 adhesion factor ( )
69
2.45 adhesion factor ()
2.46 adhesion factor
70
Effective Stress Analysis

[5]
f s = c a + K * v * tan() K * v * tan()
[2.19]
c a K * v * tan()
effective stress normal effective stress
( h = K * v )
Nordlund (1963, 1979) skin friction
pile load test (cohesionless soil)
, H, monotube pile taper
Nordlund (1963, 1979)

f s = K C f P d
sin( +)
cos()
[2.20]
[2.13] [2.20]
L
Qs = K C f Pd
0
sin( + )
C d dz
cos( )
[2.21]
non-tapered pile ( = 0 )
L
Qs = K C f Pd sin( )C d dz
0
Qs
K
Pd
= total skin friction capacity

= lateral stress z
= effective overburden pressure
[2.22]
71
= pile taper
= pile-soil friction
= effective pile perimeter
= correction factor
Cd
Cf
effective unit
weight friction angle [2.22]
Qs = K C fi P di sin( i )C di Di
n
[2.23]
i =1
Di
=
=
2.47 , 2.49, 2.51 2.53 K 2.55 correction

factor K 2.57 /
2.47 K = 250
72
2.48 K = 250 ( 2.47)
2.49 K = 300
73
2.50 K = 300 ( 2.49)
2.51 K = 350
74
2.52 K = 350 ( 2.51)
2.53 K = 400
75
2.54 K = 400 ( 2.53)
2.55 correction factor K
2.56 correction factor K ( 2.55)
76
2.57 /
2.58 /
( 2.57)
77


effective overburden pressure ( 2.59)
78
2.61 SPT
[2.13] [2.23] ultimate bearing capacity
Nordlund Hannigan (1997)
3
Pile Load Test

Pile Load
Test Pile Load Test
Pile Load
Test 214 164 50
3.1
1.
2.
3.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
()
5. Predicts
Chin
6. Predicts
Chin
7. Bearing Capacity Driven HilayFormula
Blow Count
8.
80
3.1
81
3.3

214
3.1
157
28
110
19
214

(
)
3.2
164
50
3.3
2
1
64
82
1
1
1
2
4
1
1
3
2
7
3
1
2
3
19
1
2
3
5
1
4
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
3
1
3
83
4
1
1
1
5
2
4
18
2
3
3
1
4
2
2
4
3
1
1
10
Pile Load Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Terzaghi (1943)
Davisson (1972)
Chin (1970, 1971)
De Beer (1967) De Beer and Walllays (1972)
Brich Hansen 90% (1963)
Brich Hansen 80 % (1963)
Mazurkiewicz (1972)
Fuller and Hoy (1970)
84
9. Butler and Hoy (1977)

10. Vander Veer (1953)
3.4 Pile Load Test
1) Davisson
2) Chin
1)

2.27
2) elastic
= PL/AE
3) OA
2
4) BC x =
0.15 + D/120
5)

BC
C
1) /P
2.28
2) Pult
1/m
2.28
(

)
1)
2)
QM
3)
4) BC

1)
QM
SM

2)
Chin

Davisson
3)
ASTM
85
3) De Beer
4) 90% Brinch Hansen

(Swedish Pile Commission)
5) 80% Brinch Hansen
6) Mazurkiewicz
1)
2.29
2)
3)

1)
2.30
2) Pu
u

90% Pu Pu
1) / P
2.31
2)
1)

SM
1)
CRP
1)

SM QM
2)
c
1

PU =
,
U = 1
c2
2 c1c 2
2.31 3)
(
)
1) 1)

2.32
2)
80%
2)

86
7) Fuller and Hoy
8) Butler and Hoy
9) Van der Veen
3)
45
4)
1)
2.34
2) Pu
0.05
/
1)
QM
2)
elastic
0.05 /
1) 1)
QB
2.34
2)

0.05 /

Rebound
elastic
1)
1)
Pult
2) ln (1-P/Pult)
P

3) Pult
2.35
87
3.4
Driven Hiley
3.4.1 A

2.620 . 4 .
2
3.2 A
88
3.3 A
89
3.4 A
3.5 Bearing Unit A
91
3.4.2 B
5.200 .(Prestressed Concrete) 6
. 2
3.6 B
92
3.7 B
93
3.5 Driven
Driven
SPILE Windows
SPILE FHWA 1993 SPILE

Driven
Driven

3.8 Driven
3.5.1 Multiple Water Table

1) SPT blow count
2) restike/driving
effective stress
3)
effective stress (Ultimate condition)
94
3.9
3.5.2 Soft Compressible Soil / Negative Skin Friction

soft compressible soil negative skin
friction
Ultimate Skin negative skin friction

3.5.3 Scourable Soil

Driven 2 Short term Long term
Short term Effective Stress
Long term Effective Stress
Soft Compressible Soil Scourable Soil
dialog box
95
1. Soft Compressible Soil 3.10

( off
0 ) capacity
contribution effective stress
3.10
2. Scourable Soil 2
2.1 Local Scour
effective stress Ultimate skin friction End bearing
capacity
2.2 Long-term Degradation Contraction Scour

effective stress
3.11
96
3.12 cohesionless
3.13 SPT N Internal friction angle
97
3.5.3.3 Layer General Data

1. Depth to bottom of layer
( depth = 0 )
2. Total unit weight
3. Driving strength loss
capacity
3.5.3.4 Layer Soil Type

1. cohesionless soil SPT N internal friction angle
Skin friction End bearing
2. cohesive soil Undrained Shear Strength
3.14 cohesive soil
98
3.5.4 Pile Type Selection

Pile Type Selection Driven 7 Driven
Open End Pipe Pile
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Pipe Pile Closed End

Pipe Pile Open End
Timber Pile
Precast Concrete Pile
Raymond Unifrom Taper Pile
H - Pile
Monotube Pile
3.15 Pipe Pile Closed End
3.16 Pipe Pile Open End
99
3.17 Precast Concrete Pile
3.18 H- Pile
3.5.5 Capacity
Driven 3
1) Restike 2) Driving 3) Ultimate
1. Restike end bearing
Restike
2. Driving
Driving Driving Restike
Driving
100
3. Ultimate Ultimate

3.5.6 (Output)
Driven
( Restike, Driving, Ultimate )
, (end)

, ,
Windows Clip board
3.19
101
102
3.5.7 Unit System()

Driven English SI

Driven
3.22
4.1
load settlement Pile Load Test

22
load settlement
4.1
22
4.1
Terzaghi
10%
Terzaghi
50 . Terzaghi
60 . 4.1 4.2
60 . 4.3 4.4 Terzaghi
Terzaghi
F.S.(Factor of safety)
design load Terzaghi
50 .
Load (tons)
104
185
180
175
170
165
160
155
150
145
140
135
130
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
80% Hansen = 153

Van Der Veen = 150
Mazurkiewicz = 150
pile load
Chin = 161
Design load 2.5
De Beer = 133
Davisson = 135
Fuller = 135
Butler = 130
90% Hansen = 124
Terzaghi
Davisson
Fuller & Hoy
Design load 2
Butler & Hoy

De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Terzaghi = 65
Van Der Veen
Design load
Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.40 m.
Length
= 25 m.
10
20
30
40
50
90% Hansen
60
70
Settlement (mm)
80
90
100
110
4.1 President
Internation
Load (tons)
160
155
150
145
140
135
130
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Pu = 65
Dimension = 0.40 mm.

Length
= 25 m.
8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80
Settlement (mm)
4.2 Terzaghi President

Internation
Load (tons)
105
Crytal City
1200
1150
1100
1050
1000
950
900
850
800
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Pu = 980
Dimension = 1.20 m.
Length
= 42.12 m.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50
Se ttle me nt (mm)
Load (tons)
4.3 Terzaghi Crytal City

Crytal City
1400
1375
1350
1325
1300
1275
1250
1225
1200
1175
1150
1125
1100
1075
1050
1025
1000
975
950
925
900
875
850
825
800
775
750
725
700
675
650
625
600
575
550
525
500
475
450
425
400
375
350
325
300
275
250
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
Design load 2.5

Mazurkiewicz = 1110
Van Der Veen= 1101
Terzaghi = 980
Chin = 1205
80% Hansen = 1127
pile load
Terzaghi
Design load 2
Davisson
Davisson = 980
Fuller & Hoy
De Beer= 955
Butler & Hoy
90% Hansen = 891
De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Design load
Van Der Veen

Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 1.20 m.
Length
= 42.12 m.
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Settlement (mm)
55
60
65
70
90% Hansen
75
4.4 Terzaghi
1.20
106
Load(tons)
Davisson Davisson
elastic 0.15
120 initial modulus (S = PL/AE)
elastic
4.5 initial modulus elastic
offset
Modulus of Elasticity
initial modulus S =
PL/AE 4.6
initial modulus 4.7
elastic
(T2-C2)
400
390
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Dimension = 0.60 m.
Length
= 23.53 m.
Pu = 304
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Settlement(mm)
4.5 Davisson
( T2- C2)
Load(tons)
107
Asoke Tower
800
780
760
740
720
700
680
660
640
620
600
580
560
540
520
500
480
460
440
420
400
380
360
340
320
300
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Pu = 737
Elastic
Initial Modulus
S = PL/AE
Dimension = 0.80 m.
Length
= 51.42 m.
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Settlement(mm)
Load(tons)

elastic
Asoke Tower
800
780
760
740
720
700
680
660
640
620
600
580
560
540
520
500
480
460
440
420
400
380
360
340
320
300
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Pu = 660
Elastic
x = 0.15 + D/120 inches
Initial Modulus
10
15
20
Dimension = 0.80 m.
Length
= 51.42 m.
25
30
35
40
Settlement(mm)

elastic
108
Load (tons)
Fuller and Hoy

0.05 /
4.8 Elastic
0.05 /
0.05 /
4.9
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Building 9 Stories
Pu = 159
1 ton
0.05
1 ton
1.27 mm
Dimension = 0.60 m.
Length
= 21.5 m.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435
Settlement (mm)
4.8 Fuller and Hoy Building 9 Stories

Butler and Hoy Fuller and Hoy Butler and Hoy
Butler and Hoy
0.05 /
Rebound elastic
4.10 Butler and Hoy elastic 0.05
/
elastic
Load (tons)
109
Carre Four
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Pu =
1 ton
0.05
1 ton
1.27 mm
Dimension = 0.60 m.
Length
= 30 m.
0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Settlement (mm)
Load (tons)
4.9 load settlement 0.05 / Fuller and Hoy

200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Building 9 Stories
Pu = 157
1 ton
0.05
1 ton
1.27 mm
Dimension = 0.60 m.
Length
= 21.5 m.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435
Settlement (mm)
4.10 Butler and Hoy Building 9 Stories
110

0.05 /

De beer

4.11
elastic plastic De
beer
elastic plastic 4.12
elastic
Asoke Tower
1000
Load(tons)
Pu = 589
Dimension = 0.80 m.
Length
= 51.42 m.
100
1.0
10.0
100.0
Settlement(mm)
4.11 De beer Asoke Tower

2.32
Y
111
Grand Diamond
10000
Load(tons)
Pu = 2692
1000
Dimension = 1.50 m.
Length
= 60.2 m.
100
1.0
10.0
100.0
Settlement(mm)
Load (tons)
4.12 elastic plastic

De beer
Carre Four
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Pu = 226
Dimension = 0.60 m.
Length
= 30 m.
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Delta load/Delta settlement (tons/mm)
112
X Y X
(Delta load /
Delta settlement) 4.13
Delta load / Delta settlement
Modulus end bearing
4.14
Mae Moh Unit 10
1000
975
950
925
Pu 900
875
= 850
825
825 800
775
750
725
700
675
650
625
600
575
550
525
500
475
450
425
400
375
350
325
300
275
250
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
250
End Bearing
Load (tons)
Dimension = 0.90 m.
Length
= 22.29 m.
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
4.14 End bearing Modified Mazurkiewicz

Van der Veen
ln (1-P/Pult)

4.15 4.16 load - settlement Van
der Veen 4.17, 4.18 4.19

load settlement
113
Fortune Complex
0
-1
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
ln(1-(p/pu))
-2
-3
-4
Pu = 2026
-5
-6
-7
Dimension = 1.50 m.
Length
= 50.02 m.
R2 = 0.9991
-8
settlement (mm)
4.15 Van der Veen Fortune Complex

Asoke Tower
800
33.46, 750
Pu = 767
700
600
11.99, 600
Pu = 957
33.17, 600
9.60, 525
500
Load (tons)
20.29, 675
Pu = 710
7.67, 450
400
32.48, 450
6.05, 375
4.69, 300
300
30.59, 300
3.02, 225
200
1.99, 150
100
27.94, 150
1.00, 75 Dimension = 0.80 m.

Length
0.00, 0
0
0
10
= 51.42 m.
23.47, 0
15
25
20
30
35
40
Settlement (mm)
4.16 load - settlement Van der Veen
114
Asoke Tower
ln(1-(p/pu))
10
11
12
Pu = 957
-1
13
14
R2 = 0.9993
Dimension = 0.80 m.
Length
= 51.42 m.
-2
settlement (mm)

Asoke Tower
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
ln(1-(p/pu))
-1
-2
Pu = 710
R2 = 0.9946
-3
-4
Dimension = 0.80 m.
Length
= 51.42 m.
-5
settlement (mm)
115
Asoke Tower
0
0
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
-1
ln(1-(p/pu))
-2
-3
Pu = 767
R2 = 0.9943
-4
Dimension = 0.80 mm.
Length
= 51.42 m.
-5
settlement (mm)

4.1
Van der Veen Modified Mazurkiewicz
Van der Veen Modified Mazurkiewicz 10%
Chin

Chin load
settlement hyperbola U/P U
(P load U settlement) (1/slope)
load 4.20
Chin

hyperbola
116
0.60
y = 0.00621x + 0.03080
Settlement/Load (mm/tons)
0.50
R = 0.99806
Pu = 1/0.00621
= 161
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
Dimension = 0.40 m.
Length
= 25 m.
0.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
Settlement (mm)
60
70
80
4.20 Chin President Internation

(T2-C1)
0.090
Pu = 1/0.00271
= 369
0.080
0.070
y = 0.00271 + 0.01165
0.060
0.050
0.040
0.030
0.020
0.010
,
Dimension = 0.60 m.
Length
= 27.5 m.
0.000
0
10
15
20
Settlement (mm)
25
4.21 Chin
30
117

4.21
Chin load
80% Brinch Hansen load movement parabola Chin

hyperbola 2

4 80% 4.22 80%
Brinch Hansen Chin 10%
extrapolation
extrapolation
Lakmung Hospital
24
y = 0.2562x + 14.6
R2 = 0.9982
Sq rt settle/L o ad (to n s)
22
C1
1
Pu = 259
C1 = 0.256/1000 = 0.000256
C2 = 14.6/1000 = 0.0146
20
=C1 +C2
P
U = 57.031
18
PU =
C1 +C2
16
Dimension = 0.40 m.
Length
= 13 m.
14
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Settlement (mm)

Lakmung Hospital
118
Load (tons)
90% Brinch Hansen 2

90% 4.23
Terzaghi
load movement
90% Brinch Hansen 50% UU
90% PU
50% UU 90% PU 4.24
50% UU 90% PU
4.25 50% UU 90% PU
X
160
155
150
145
140
135
130
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
President International
Pu = 138
90%Pu = 124
Dimension = 0.40 m.
Length
= 25 m.
50%
U = 13
U = 26
0 2 4 6 8101214161820222426283032343638404244464850525456586062646668707274767880
Settlement (mm)

Load (tons)
119
Lakmung Hospital
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Dimension = 0.40 m.
Length
= 13 m.
Pu = 250
90%Pu = 225
Pu 50%
U = 214
50%
U = 16.5
U = 33
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
Settlement (mm)
4.24 load movement 90% Brinch Hansen 50% UU

90% PU
Load (tons)
Asoke Tower
800
780
760
740
720
700
680
660
640
620
600
580
560
540
520
500
480
460
440
420
400
380
360
340
320
300
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Dimension = 0.80 m.
Length
= 51.42 m.
Pu = 748
90%Pu = 673
Pu 50%
50%
U = 640
U = 16.5
U = 33
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
Settlement (mm)

50% UU 90% PU
120
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
(tons)
(tons)
Pile Tip
25
24.2 25.6
28
18
40
50
17.3
20
CH
15
20.2
20
20.8
21
13.7
40
50
13.1
15
CH
72
74
83
82.6
90
84
69
80
100
69
75
CH
178
242
257
292
259
200
250
178
242
CL
135
135
130
133
150
150
161
153
124
120
150
124
135
SC
0.60 21.5 158
159
159
157
157
175
175
187
179
144
140
175
157
159
SC
Spun
0.60 26.3 215
266
251
283
279
339
274
247
275
343.75
247
283
SC
(T2-C2 )
Spun
0.60 27.3 190
304
302
366
351
417
358
304
350
437.5
302
351
SC
10
(T2-C1 )
Spun
0.60 27.5 202
307
300
331
326
369
333
281
330
412.5
281
333
SC
11
(T1B-C1)
Spun
0.60 27.5 205
285
269
303
301
345
305
261
300
375
261
305
SC
Sakorn Place
0.18
14
6.4
10.6 10.2
9.3
Ban Sing Land 1
0.22
18
13.9 20.1 18.6 17.3
20
Ban Sing Land 2
0.22
20
10.3 15.2 14.3 13.1
Toshiba Project
0.30
24
38
75
75
Lakmung Hospital
Square
0.40
13
128
179
Spun
0.40
25
65
Building 9 Stories
Circular
(T3-C2 )
Design load 2
(tons)
Design load 2.5
(tons)
Chin (tons)
CH
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
10.6
De beer (tons)
9.3
Butler & Hoy (tons)
17.5
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
14
Davisson (tons)
9.5
Terzaghi (tons)
12.1
Shape
Length (m)
12
Location
Dimension (m)
10.5 11.2 11.1
number
Van der Veen (tons)
4.1
121
Location
Shape
Dimension (m)
Length (m)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
(tons)
(tons)
Pile Tip
12
(T1-C3)
Spun
0.60
28.5
155
276
266
305
303
407
306
268
300
375
266
306
SC
13
(T2-C3)
Spun
0.60
28
175
259
251
280
278
345
274
247
275
343.75
247
280
SC
14
Carre Four
Spun
0.60
30
151
201
202
193
195
226
226
238
235
184
200
250
184
202
SC
15
Technothani
Spun
0.60
30.4
155
272
285
271
266
291
291
333
304
256
240
300
256
272
SM
16
Asoke Tower
Circular
0.80
51.42
460
660
589
705
710
936
767
600
750
660
767
SP
17
Mae Moh Unit 10.1
Circular
0.90
22.29
575
635
631
825
999
1031
947
760
950
631
825
CL
18
Crytal City
Circular
1.20
42.12
980
980
966
1110 1101 1205 1127
1100 1375
891
980
SM
19
Fortune Complex
Circular
1.20
50.02
1840 1850
1778 2050 2026 2404 2110 1935 1800 2250 1779 2110 SM
20
RS Tower
Circular
1.50
38.37
965
930
891
21
Witayu Complex
Circular
1.50
56
1910 1980
1972 2050 2063 2381 2077 1827 1800 2250 1872 1980 SM
22
Grand Diamond
Circular
1.50
60.2
2225 2730
2692 3180 3480 3448 2992
1025 1109 1190 1158
891
925
Design load 2
(tons)
Design load 2.5
(tons)
number
4.1 ()
1700 2125
891
1025 SM
2100 2625 2646 2940 SM
122
4.2
2 2.5
Static Formula Pile Load Test
2 2.5 4.1
Terzaghi Terzaghi
2 2.5
1.20 1.50 2
2.5 Terzaghi
9 Terzaghi Conservative
Terzaghi

Terzaghi
Terzaghi
Conservative
Davisson Davisson
S = PL/AE

Lakmung Hospital
13 22 179 203
2 2.5
Modulus , Davisson

0.05 /

123
4.1
0.05 /
2 2.5
2
2.5 Fuller
and Hoy elastic
0.05 /
De beer
elastic
De beer
De beer
2 2.5
2 2.5
4.1 De beer Davisson
De beer 1 - 5%
9
2 2.5 ,

Van der Veen

Modified Mazurkiewicz Van der Veen
Modified Mazurkiewicz 10% Van der
Veen 2 2.5
124

2 2.5 Van der Veen

Van der Veen
Chin
9
2 2.5 Fellenius (1980)
Chin Davisson 20 40%
Fellenius (1980)
80% Brinch Hansen
Modified Mazurkiewicz Van der Veen Chin
2 2.5
Fellenius (1980) 80% Brinch Hansen
Chin 10%
80% Brinch Hansen Chin 5 - 15%
90% Brinch Hansen
2 2.5
2 2.5

Lakmung Hospital Mae Moh Unit 10.1 90%
Brinch Hansen load settlement
90% Brinch Hansen
4.24 4.25 2
90%
4.1
0.40 Pile Tip Hard Clay (CH, CL)
2 2.5
125
Pile Tip
Pile load 5 ( Lakmung Hospital)
6 ( President Internation)
Pile Tip 6 Clayey fine Sand (SC)
6
2 2.5
load settlement Pile Load Test
4.1 2 2.5
Van der Veen
Terzaghi Chin
80% Brinch Hansen Chin,
Fuller and Hoy, Butler and Hoy, Davidson, De beer 90% Brich Hansen
.

0.40 Pile Tip Hard Clay (CH, CL)
Modified Mazurkiewicz, Van der Veen 80% Brinch Hansen
0.60 Pile Tip SC,
SM,SP Modified Mazurkiewicz, Van der Veen , 80% Brinch
Hansen Davisson
4.1
Modified Mazurkiewicz, Van der Veen , 80% Brinch Hansen
Davisson

22 .
126
4.3
Predict Chin
Pile Load Test 2
(Design load) 2
Pile Load Test

2 Chin
Predict Pile load Predict 2
Predict 3 (Design load)
Predict 2 50
Asoke Tower
Predict
2 50 .
Predict 3
Design load
Load(ton)
1200
1150
1100
1050
1000
950
900
850
800
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Dimension = 0.80 m.
Length
= 51.42 m.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
Settlement(mm)
4.26 Predict 3 Design load Predict 2

Predict 2 Load Settlement Predict
Predict 3 Design load 2
127
Asoke Tower 4.26

Load Settlement 3 Design load
Load Settlement 2 Load Settlement
2 2 Load
Settlement Predict 2
4.2, 4.3, 4.4 4.5
4.3.1 Load Settlement

Predict Chin 3
2
4.2 4.4 3
2 Load
Settlement 7 President Internation, Building 9
Stories, (T2-C2 ), (T2-C1), Carre
Four, Technothani Asoke Tower 15
Load Settlement
Terzaghi Davisson Predict 3
Predict 2 50
Fuller and Hoy Butler and Hoy Predict 2
Predict 3
Load Settlement 3
0.05
/
Load Settlement 4.2 4.4
Predict 2
Predict 3
De beer, Modified Mazurkiewicz, Van der Veen, 80% Brinch Hansen 90%
Brinch Hansen Predict 3
Predict 2 load settlement 3
128
Predict 2 4.2
4.4
Predict Chin 3
2
4.2
( 0.50 0.90 ) 3
1 25
Load Settlement
Predict 2 Load
Settlement
Predict Chin
2 4.27
Predict 2

load settlement
4.27 4.28
Davisson 4.29
4.3.2
Predict Chin
4.3 4.5 3
0.50 0.50 0.90
0.90
Terzaghi
9 Davisson De beer
7
20 40%
129
Mae Moh Unit 10.1
0.0660
0.0640
0.0620
0.0600
0.0580
0.0560
0.0540
0.0520
0.0500
0.0480
0.0460
0.0440
0.0420
0.0400
0.0380
0.0360
0.0340
0.0320
0.0300
0.0280
0.0260
0.0240
0.0220
0.0200
0.0180
0.0160
0.0140
0.0120
0.0100
0.0080
0.0060
0.0040
y = 0.00114x + 0.00496
2
R = 0.99713
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
Settlement (mm)
4.27 Predict Chin

Mae Moh Unit 10.1
Mae Moh Unit 10.1
1000
900
y = 0.00114x + 0.00496
800
Pu = 1/0.00114
= 877
Load(ton)
700
600
Predict
Chin
500
400
load - settlement
300
200
Dimension = 0.90 m.
Length
= 22.29 m.
100
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Settlement(mm)
45
50
55
60
4.28 Predict Chin

Mae Moh Unit 10.1
130
number
Location
Shape
Dimension
(m)
Length
(m)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
4.2 Predict Chin ( 3 )
R2
Sakorn Place
0.18
14
6.4
12.5
13
10.8
15.5
19.7
19.5
21
19
16.7
0.9976
Ban Sing Land 1
0.22
18
13.5
22.8
24
20.3
25.1
32
31.7
33.4
30.9
26.7
0.9999
Ban Sing Land 2
0.22
20
10.3
18.3
19.8
16.8
21.8
28.1
27.8
29.8
27.06
23.9
0.9999
Toshiba Project
0.30
24
38
79
100
87
81
117
114
127
112
99
0.9984
Lakmung Hospital
Square
0.40
13
120
180
253
231
193
270
266
291
259
231
0.9906
Spun
0.40
25
64
124
175
153
122
195
188
218
192
0.9984
Building 9 Stories
Circular
0.60
21.5
164
192
136
232
224
266
238
0.9983
(T3-C2 )
Spun
0.60
26.3
208
270
325
302
254
345
338
364
329
0.9921
(T2-C2 )
Spun
0.60
27.3
190
327
257
570
521
714
0.9999
10
(T2-C1 )
Spun
0.60
27.5
205
405
224
601
548
781
0.9953
11
(T1B-C1)
Spun
0.60
27.5
219
275
314
292
263
330
325
345
318
0.9977
131
number
Location
Shape
Dimension
(m)
Length
(m)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
4.2 Predict Chin ( 3 ) ()
R2
12
(T1-C3)
Spun
0.60
28.5
169
251
243
372
358
407
357
0.9957
13
(T2-C3)
Spun
0.60
28
191
252
305
284
245
328
319
345
311
0.9922
14
Carre Four
Spun
0.60
30
151
220
191
330
316
375
329
0.9947
15
Technothani
Spun
0.60
30.4
164
268
219
417
389
488
0.9998
16
Asoke Tower
Circular
0.80
51.42
463
745
490
1170
1090
1515
0.9989
17
Mae Moh Unit 10.1
Circular
0.90
22.29
591
655
800
775
617
825
817
877
795
702
0.9971
18
Crytal City
Circular
1.20
42.12
935
1010
955
1150
1140
1205
1116
945
0.9981
19
Fortune Complex
Circular
1.20
50.02
1960
2125
1972
2800
2740
3030
2687
2399
0.9946
20
RS Tower
Circular
1.50
38.37
997
960
1115
1085
933
1140
1130
1190
1111
956
0.9989
21
Witayu Complex
Circular
1.50
56
1876
1920
1820
2600
2521
2841
2504
0.9959
22
Grand Diamond
Circular
1.50
60.2
2223
2460
2239
3300
3190
3704
3229
0.9926
132
number
Location
Shape
Terzaghi (%)
Davisson (%)
Fuller & Hoy

(%)
Butler & Hoy

(%)
De beer (%)
Mazurkiewicz
(%)
Van der Veen

(%)
Chin (%)
80% Hansen (%)
90% Hansen (%)
Sakorn Place
0.18
14
0.0
17.9
27.5
16.1
47.6
75.9
75.7
75.0
57.0
75.8
Ban Sing Land 1
0.22
18
-2.9
13.4
29.0
17.3
25.5
28.0
31.0
30.5
10.4
48.3
Ban Sing Land 2
0.22
20
0.0
20.4
38.5
28.2
45.3
39.1
39.0
43.3
28.9
74.5
Toshiba Project
0.30
24
0.0
5.3
33.3
20.8
9.5
41.0
38.0
41.1
33.3
43.5
Lakmung Hospital
Square
0.40
13
-6.3
0.6
8.4
11.6
3.5
-0.3
0.0
Spun
0.40
25
-1.5
-8.1
29.6
17.7
-8.3
30.0
25.3
35.4
25.5
Building 9 Stories
Circular
0.60
21.5
3.8
19.5
-13.4
32.6
28.0
42.2
33.0
(T3-C2 )
Spun
0.60
26.3
-3.3
1.5
1.2
21.9
21.1
0.0
20.1
(T2-C2 )
Spun
0.60
27.3
0.0
7.6
-14.9
55.7
48.4
71.2
10
(T2-C1 )
Spun
0.60
27.5
1.5
31.9
-25.3
81.6
68.1
111.7
11
(T1B-C1)
Spun
0.60
27.5
6.8
-3.5
-2.2
8.9
8.0
0.0
4.3
Dimension Length
(m)
(m)
133
number
Location
Shape
Terzaghi (%)
Davisson (%)
Fuller & Hoy

(%)
Butler & Hoy

(%)
De beer (%)
Mazurkiewicz
(%)
Van der Veen

(%)
Chin (%)
80% Hansen (%)
90% Hansen (%)

()
12
(T1-C3)
Spun
0.60
28.5
9.0
-9.1
-8.6
22.0
18.2
0.0
16.7
13
(T2-C3)
Spun
0.60
28
9.1
-2.7
-2.4
17.1
14.7
0.0
13.5
14
Carre Four
Spun
0.60
30
0.0
9.5
-2.1
46.0
39.8
57.6
40.0
15
Technothani
Spun
0.60
30.4
5.8
-1.5
-17.7
43.3
33.7
46.5
16
Asoke Tower
Circular
0.80
51.42
0.7
12.9
-16.8
66.0
53.5
61.9
Mae Moh Unit 10.1 Circular
0.90
22.29
2.8
3.1
-2.2
0.0
-18.2
-14.9
-16.1
17
Dimension Length
(m)
(m)
18
Crytal City
Circular
1.20
42.12
-4.6
3.1
-1.1
3.6
3.5
0.0
-1.0
6.1
19
Fortune Complex
Circular
1.20
50.02
6.5
14.9
10.9
36.6
35.2
26.0
27.3
24.0
20
RS Tower
Circular
1.50
38.37
3.3
3.2
4.7
11.2
1.9
0.0
-4.1
3.4
21
Witayu Complex
Circular
1.50
56
-1.8
-3.0
-7.7
26.8
22.2
19.3
20.6
22
Grand Diamond
Circular
1.50
60.2
-0.1
-9.9
-16.8
3.8
-8.3
7.4
7.9
134
number
Location
Shape
Dimension
(m)
Length
(m)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
R2
Sakorn Place
0.18
14
6.4
12.5
13
10.8
15.5
19.7
19.5
21
19
16.7
0.9976
Ban Sing Land 1
0.22
18
13.5
22.8
24
20.3
25.1
32
31.7
33.4
30.9
26.7
0.9999
Ban Sing Land 2
0.22
20
10.3
18.3
19.8
16.8
21.8
28.1
27.8
29.8
27.06
23.9
0.9999
Toshiba Project
0.30
24
38
79
100
87
81
117
114
127
112
99
0.9984
Lakmung Hospital
Square
0.40
13
120
180
253
231
193
270
266
291
259
231
0.9906
Spun
0.40
25
64
124
175
153
122
195
188
218
192
0.9984
Building 9 Stories
Circular
0.60
21.5
164
190
235
218
188
255
250
266
243
212
0.9983
(T3-C2 )
Spun
0.60
26.3
208
270
325
302
254
345
338
364
329
0.9921
(T2-C2 )
Spun
0.60
27.3
190
327
305
618
577
714
645
0.9999
10
(T2-C1 )
Spun
0.60
27.5
205
405
327
670
628
781
710
0.9953
11
(T1B-C1)
Spun
0.60
27.5
219
275
314
292
263
330
325
345
318
0.9977
135
number
Location
Shape
Dimension
(m)
Length
(m)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
4.4 Predict Chin ( 2 ) ()
R2
12
(T1-C3)
Spun
0.60
28.5
169
251
243
372
358
407
357
0.9957
13
(T2-C3)
Spun
0.60
28
191
252
305
284
245
328
319
345
311
0.9922
14
Carre Four
Spun
0.60
30
151
220
316
290
214
340
328
375
329
0.9947
15
Technothani
Spun
0.60
30.4
164
268
237
436
412
488
433
0.9998
16
Asoke Tower
Circular
0.80
51.42
463
745
621
1310
1210
1515
1397
0.9989
17
Mae Moh Unit 10.1
Circular
0.90
22.29
591
655
800
775
617
825
817
877
795
702
0.9971
18
Crytal City
Circular
1.20
42.12
935
1010
955
1150
1140
1205
1116
945
0.9981
19
Fortune Complex
Circular
1.20
50.02
1960
2125
1972
2800
2740
3030
2687
2399
0.9946
20
RS Tower
Circular
1.50
38.37
997
960
1115
1085
933
1140
1130
1190
1111
956
0.9989
21
Witayu Complex
Circular
1.50
56
1876
1920
1820
2600
2521
2841
2504
0.9959
22
Grand Diamond
Circular
1.50
60.2
2223
2460
2239
3300
3190
3704
3229
0.9926
136
number
Location
Shape
Terzaghi (%)
Davisson (%)
Fuller & Hoy

(%)
Butler & Hoy

(%)
De beer (%)
Mazurkiewicz
(%)
Van der Veen

(%)
Chin (%)
80% Hansen (%)
90% Hansen (%)
Sakorn Place
0.18
14
0.0
17.9
27.5
16.1
47.6
75.9
75.7
75.0
57.0
75.8
Ban Sing Land 1
0.22
18
-2.9
13.4
29.0
17.3
25.5
28.0
31.0
30.5
10.4
48.3
Ban Sing Land 2
0.22
20
0.0
20.4
38.5
28.2
45.3
39.1
39.0
43.3
28.9
74.5
Toshiba Project
0.30
24
0.0
5.3
33.3
20.8
9.5
41.0
38.0
41.1
33.3
43.5
Lakmung Hospital
Square
0.40
13
-6.3
0.6
8.4
11.6
3.5
-0.3
0.0
Spun
0.40
25
-1.5
-8.1
29.6
18.5
-8.3
30.0
26.7
35.4
25.5
Building 9 Stories
Circular
0.60
21.5
3.8
19.5
47.8
38.9
19.7
45.7
42.9
42.2
35.8
47.2
(T3-C2 )
Spun
0.60
26.3
-3.3
1.5
1.2
21.9
21.1
0.0
20.1
(T2-C2 )
Spun
0.60
27.3
0.0
7.6
1.0
68.9
64.4
71.2
80.2
-100.0
10
(T2-C1 )
Spun
0.60
27.5
1.5
31.9
9.0
102.4
92.6
111.7
113.2
11
(T1B-C1)
Spun
0.60
27.5
6.8
-3.5
-2.2
8.9
8.0
0.0
4.3
Dimension Length
(m)
(m)
137
number
Location
Shape
Terzaghi (%)
Davisson (%)
Fuller & Hoy

(%)
Butler & Hoy

(%)
De beer (%)
Mazurkiewicz
(%)
Van der Veen

(%)
Chin (%)
80% Hansen (%)
90% Hansen (%)

()
12
(T1-C3)
Spun
0.60
28.5
9.0
-9.1
-8.6
22.0
18.2
0.0
16.7
13
(T2-C3)
Spun
0.60
28
9.1
-2.7
-2.4
17.1
14.7
0.0
13.5
14
Carre Four
Spun
0.60
30
0.0
9.5
56.4
50.3
9.7
50.4
45.1
57.6
40.0
15
Technothani
Spun
0.60
30.4
5.8
-1.5
-10.9
49.8
41.6
46.5
42.4
16
Asoke Tower
Circular
0.80
51.42
0.7
12.9
5.4
85.8
70.4
61.9
82.1
Mae Moh Unit 10.1 Circular
0.90
22.29
2.8
3.1
-2.2
0.0
-18.2
-14.9
-16.1
17
Dimension Length
(m)
(m)
18
Crytal City
Circular
1.20
42.12
-4.6
3.1
-1.1
3.6
3.5
0.0
-1.0
6.1
19
Fortune Complex
Circular
1.20
50.02
6.5
14.9
10.9
36.6
35.2
26.0
27.3
24.0
20
RS Tower
Circular
1.50
38.37
3.3
3.2
4.7
11.2
1.9
0.0
-4.1
3.4
21
Witayu Complex
Circular
1.50
56
-1.8
-3.0
-7.7
26.8
22.2
19.3
20.6
22
Grand Diamond
Circular
1.50
60.2
-0.1
-9.9
-16.8
3.8
-8.3
7.4
7.9
Load(tons)
138
860
840
820
800
780
760
740
720
700
680
660
640
620
600
580
560
540
520
500
480
460
440
420
400
380
360
340
320
300
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Mae Moh Unit 10.1
Pu = 655
Dimension = 0.90 m.
Length
= 22.29 m.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
Settlement(mm)

Predict Chin Mae Moh Unit 10.1
Davisson
9 De beer Terzaghi
7
10 55%
De beer
9 Davisson Terzaghi
7
8 20%
2
Predict 4.30 4.31 load
settlement 4.31 9
4.32, 4.33, 4.34, 4.35, 4.36, 4.37, 4.38, 4.39, 4.40
Predict
139
4.41 4.42 Future Place

Condominium 192
Predict Chin 2
Terzaghi, Davisson De beer

Terzaghi Conservative
4.41 4.42
0.4500
0.4400
0.4300
0.4200
0.4100
0.4000
0.3900
0.3800
0.3700
0.3600
0.3500
0.3400
0.3300
0.3200
0.3100
0.3000
0.2900
0.2800
0.2700
0.2600
0.2500
0.2400
0.2300
0.2200
0.2100
0.2000
0.1900
0.1800
0.1700
0.1600
0.1500
0.1400
0.1300
0.1200
0.1100
0.1000
0.0900
0.0800
0.0700
0.0600
0.0500
0.0400
0.0300
0.0200
0.0100
Kanista Resident
y = 0.00813x + 0.01564
2
R = 0.99772
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
Settlement (mm)
4.30 Predict Chin

Kanista Resident
4.3.3
6 (.. 2527)
6
(.. 2527) 60 .
Davisson
Davisson
140
Kanista Resident
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Predict
Chin
Load(ton)
y = 0.00813x + 0.01564
Pu = 1/0.00813
= 123
load - settlement
Dimension = 0.50 m.
Length
= 18.5 m.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
Settlement(mm)
Load (tons)
4.31 Predict Chin

Kanista Resident
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Kanista Resident
Pu = 83
Dimension = 0.50 m.
Length
= 18.5 m.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
Settle me nt (mm)
4.32 Terzaghi load settlement

Load(tons)
141
Kanista Resident
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Pu = 98
Dimension = 0.50 m.
Length
= 18.5 m.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
Settlement(mm)

Kanista Resident
Load(tons)
1000
Pu = 104
100
Dimension = 0.50 m.
Length
= 18.5 m.
10
1.0
10.0
100.0
Settlement(mm)
4.34 De beer load settlement

142
Kanista Resident
Load (tons)
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Pu = 109
1 ton
0.05
1 ton
1.27 mm.
Dimension = 0.50 m.
Length
= 18.5 m.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48
Se ttle me nt (mm)
4.35 Fuller and Hoy load settlement

Kanista Resident
Load (tons)
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 ton
0.05
1 ton
1.27 mm.
Dimension = 0.50 m.
Length
= 18.5 m.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48
Se ttle me nt (mm)
4.36 Butler and Hoy load settlement

Load (tons)
143
Kanista Resident
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Pu = 120
Dimension = 0.50 m.
Length
= 18.5 m.
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44

Kanista Resident
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
-1
ln(1-(p/pu))
-2
-3
-4
Pu = 119
-5
-6
-7
R2 = 0.9875
Dimension = 0.50 m.
Length
= 18.5 m.
settlement (mm)
4.38 Van der Veen load settlement

144
Kanista Resident
Sqrt settle/Load (tons)
65
60
y = 0.7073x + 25.4674
55
R2 = 0.9939
Pu = 118
C1 = 0.7073/1000 = 0.0007073
C2 = 25.4674/1000 = 0.025467
50
45
C1
U = 36.007
40
= C1 +C2
P
35
30
PU =
Dimension = 0.50 m.
Length
= 18.5 m.
25
C1 +C2
20
10
15
20
25
30
35
Settlement (mm)
40
45
50
55
Load (tons)

125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Kanista Resident
Pu = 110
90%Pu = 99
50%
U = 8
U = 16
Dimension = 0.50 m.
Length
= 18.5 m.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
Se ttle me nt (mm)

Load (tons)
145
130
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Kanista Resident
De Beer = 104
Van Der Veen = 119

Fuller = 109
Butler = 100
80% Hansen = 118
Chin = 123
Mazurkiewicz = 120
pile load
Terzaghi
Davisson
90% Hansen = 99
Fuller & Hoy
Davisson = 98
Butler & Hoy

Terzaghi = 83
De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Van Der Veen
Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.50 m.
Length
= 18.5 m.
90% Hansen
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
Settlement (mm)
Load (tons)
4.41 Predict Chin

Kanista Resident
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Future Place Condominium
Mazurkiwicz = 260
Chin = 291
pile load
Terzaghi
80% Hansen = 255
Davisson
Van der Veen = 244

Fuller = 231
Davisson = 149
Fuller & Hoy

Butler & Hoy
De Beer = 146
De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Van Der Veen
Chin
80% Hansen
Terzaghi = 71
90% Hansen
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56
Settlement (mm)
4.42 Predict Chin

Future Place Condominium
146
4.4
Hiley Load
Settlement Predict Chin
B 19
Pile Load Test
Hiley 4.7
Pile Load Test 2
4.3 Predict 2 50 Load Settlement
4.8
A 50

Hiley 4.6
4.6 Hiley A
()
Hiley ()
10
(.)
()
0.4 x 0.4 x 22
107.77
1.25
6.010
0.4 x 0.4 x 22
105.51
1.45
6.010
0.4 x 0.4 x 22
106.21
1.45
6.010
0.4 x 0.4 x 22
93.91
0.725
4.490
10
0.4 x 0.4 x 22
93.33
0.75
4.490
B 0.4 x 0.4 .
50 0.65 x 0.65 .
150 F.S.=
2.5 Hiley F.S. 4.6
147
4.7 Hiley B
()
Hiley ()
10
(.)
()
TP 1
0.4 x 0.4 x 20
126.84
8.0
5.869
TP 2
0.4 x 0.4 x 20
143.23
1.5
4.810
TP 3
0.65 x 0.65 x 19
307.32
3.0
10.802
TP 4
0.65 x 0.65 x 20
302.43
2.0
10.245
TP 5
0.4 x 0.4 x 20
132.45
7.0
5.869
TP 6
0.4 x 0.4 x 20
132.45
7.0
5.869
TP 7
0.4 x 0.4 x 20
140.42
5.0
5.869
TP 8
0.65 x 0.65 x 20
275.12
1.9
9.244
TP 9
0.65 x 0.65 x 20
274.42
2.0
9.244
TP 10
0.65 x 0.65 x 20
274.42
2.0
9.244
TP 11
0.65 x 0.65 x 19
298.62
2.7
9.244
TP 12
0.4 x 0.4 x 20
132.51
7.1
5.897
TP 13
0.4 x 0.4 x 20
133.73
6.2
5.720
TP 14
0.4 x 0.4 x 20
138.41
6.0
5.869
TP 15
0.65 x 0.65 x 19
332.09
1.0
10.289
TP 16
0.65 x 0.65 x 19
325.95
1.3
10.289
TP 17
0.65 x 0.65 x 19
325.95
1.3
10.289
TP 18
0.4 x 0.4 x 20
138.41
6.0
5.869
TP 19
0.4 x 0.4 x 20
133.72
6.2
5.720
148
0.4 x 0.4 . Allowable Bearing Capacity

50 0.65 x 0.65
. Allowable Bearing Capacity
A 0.4 x 0.4 . 50
Allowable Bearing Capacity

Boring Pile Tip

"
S "
,

(S) Ultimate Bearing Load
TP 2

Ultimate Bearing Load
4.3.2 2
Terzaghi, Davisson De beer
Modified Mazurkiewicz, Van der Veen, 80% Brinch Hansen, 90% Brinch Hansen,
Fuller and Hoy Butler and Hoy 4.7 4.8
4.9 4.10
149
4.4.1 Hiley
Predict Chin (
2 ) B
4.9 Predict Chin Terzaghi,
Davisson De beer Hiley
0.8 1.03 F.S.(Factor of safety) F.S Hiley
2.5 F.S. Terzaghi, Davisson De
beer 2.0 2.65 4.10 Predict Chin
Modified Mazurkiewicz, Van der Veen, 80% Brinch Hansen, 90% Brinch Hansen,
Fuller and Hoy Butler and Hoy Hiley
1.2 1.4 F.S. 3 3.5
Terzaghi, Davisson De beer 5 %
Modified Mazurkiewicz, Van der Veen, 80% Brinch Hansen,
90% Brinch Hansen, Fuller and Hoy Butler and Hoy 20 50 %
4.3.2 Terzaghi, Davisson De
beer
4.5 Driven
Driven
Pile Tip

Driven
A B
Driven
Pile Load Test Predict Chin
Hiley
150
Shape
Length (m)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
(TP 1)
Square
0.40
20
99
127
141
130
129
152
152
158
150
127
100
150
SM
(TP 2)
Square
0.40
20
121
151
160
150
148
171
171
176
170
140
100
150
SM
(TP 3)
Square
0.65
19
231
316
420
392
304
446
433
483
427
300
450
SM
(TP 4)
Square
0.65
19
221
302
403
378
302
431
418
467
412
300
450
SM
(TP 5)
Square
0.40
20
108
138
152
140
136
165
162
169
161
135
100
150
SM
(TP 6)
Square
0.40
20
SM
(TP 7)
Square
0.40
20
SM
(TP 8)
Square
0.65
20
302
349
440
415
347
455
451
481
440
383
300
450
SM
(TP 9)
Square
0.65
20
270
320
445
418
331
465
455
495
444
397
300
450
SM
(TP 10)
Square
0.65
20
232
289
418
391
305
450
435
485
428
300
450
SM
Pile Tip
Location
Dimension (m)
Design load 2
(tons)
Design load 2.5
(tons)
4.8 B Predict Chin (

2 )
151
Shape
Length (m)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
(TP 11)
Square
0.65
19
238
291
427
400
309
454
441
493
435
300
450
SM
(TP 12)
Square
0.40
20
93
137
171
156
141
186
184
198
182
158
100
150
SM
(TP 13)
Square
0.40
20
84
132
155
141
132
170
169
182
166
149
100
150
SM
(TP 14)
Square
0.40
20
110
145
170
156
150
185
183
193
181
156
100
150
SM
(TP 15)
Square
0.65
19
328
392
513
490
398
533
530
575
523
460
300
450
SM
(TP 16)
Square
0.65
19
282
332
462
439
335
486
477
521
471
421
300
450
SM
(TP 17)
Square
0.65
19
266
311
442
418
331
463
457
500
442
395
300
450
SM
(TP 18)
Square
0.40
20
122
167
188
174
166
200
200
210
198
167
100
150
SM
(TP 19)
Square
0.40
20
102
130
144
133
126
157
156
162
154
131
100
150
SM
Pile Tip
Location
Dimension (m)
Design load 2
(tons)
Design load 2.5
(tons)
4.8 B Predict Chin (

2 ) ()
152
Location
Shape
Dimension (m)
Length (m)
Design load 2
(tons)
Design load 2.5

(tons)
Ultimate Bearing
Capacity Hiley
()
()
4.9 Hiley Predict Chin (

Terzaghi, Davisson De beer)
(TP 1)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
127
99
129
0.78
1.02
-22
(TP 2)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
143
121
151
0.85
1.06
-15
(TP 3)
Square
0.65
19
300
450
307
231
316
0.75
1.03
-25
(TP 4)
Square
0.65
19
300
450
302
221
302
0.73
1.00
-27
(TP 5)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
132
108
140
0.82
1.06
-18
(TP 6)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
132
(TP 7)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
140
(TP 8)
Square
0.65
20
300
450
275
302
349
1.10
1.27
10
27
(TP 9)
Square
0.65
20
300
450
274
270
331
0.99
1.21
-1
21
(TP 10)
Square
0.65
20
300
450
274
232
300
0.85
1.09
-15
153
Location
Shape
Dimension (m)
Length (m)
Design load 2
(tons)
Design load 2.5

(tons)
Ultimate Bearing
Capacity Hiley
()
()

Terzaghi, Davisson De beer) ()
(TP 11)
Square
0.65
19
300
450
298
238
309
0.80
1.04
-20
(TP 12)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
133
93
141
0.70
1.06
-30
(TP 13)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
133
84
132
0.63
0.99
-37
-1
(TP 14)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
138
110
150
0.80
1.09
-20
(TP 15)
Square
0.65
19
300
450
332
328
398
0.99
1.20
-1
20
(TP 16)
Square
0.65
19
300
450
326
282
335
0.87
1.03
-13
(TP 17)
Square
0.65
19
300
450
326
266
331
0.82
1.02
-18
(TP 18)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
138
122
174
0.88
1.26
-12
26
(TP 19)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
133
102
133
0.77
1.00
-23
154
Location
Shape
Dimension (m)
Length (m)
Design load 2
(tons)
Design load 2.5

(tons)
Ultimate Bearing
Capacity Hiley
()
()

Van der Veen, Modified Mazurkiewicz, 80% Brinch Hansen, 90% Brinch Hansen, Fuller and Hoy Butler and Hoy)
(TP 1)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
127
150
158
1.18
1.24
18
24
(TP 2)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
143
170
176
1.19
1.23
19
23
(TP 3)
Square
0.65
19
300
450
307
420
446
1.37
1.45
37
45
(TP 4)
Square
0.65
19
300
450
302
403
431
1.33
1.43
33
43
(TP 5)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
132
161
169
1.22
1.28
22
28
(TP 6)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
132
(TP 7)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
140
(TP 8)
Square
0.65
20
300
450
275
440
455
1.60
1.65
60
65
(TP 9)
Square
0.65
20
300
450
274
444
465
1.62
1.70
62
70
(TP 10)
Square
0.65
20
300
450
274
418
450
1.53
1.64
53
64
155
Location
Shape
Dimension (m)
Length (m)
Design load 2
(tons)
Design load 2.5

(tons)
Ultimate Bearing
Capacity Hiley
()
()

Van der Veen, Modified Mazurkiewicz, 80% Brinch Hansen, 90% Brinch Hansen, Fuller and Hoy Butler and Hoy) ()
(TP 11)
Square
0.65
19
300
450
298
427
454
1.43
1.52
43
52
(TP 12)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
133
182
186
1.37
1.40
37
40
(TP 13)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
133
166
182
1.25
1.37
25
37
(TP 14)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
138
181
193
1.31
1.40
31
40
(TP 15)
Square
0.65
19
300
450
332
513
533
1.55
1.61
55
61
(TP 16)
Square
0.65
19
300
450
326
462
486
1.42
1.49
42
49
(TP 17)
Square
0.65
19
300
450
326
442
463
1.36
1.42
36
42
(TP 18)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
138
188
210
1.36
1.52
36
52
(TP 19)
Square
0.40
20
100
150
133
154
162
1.16
1.22
16
22
156
4.11 Driven
Hiley A
()
()
Driven
()
Hiley ()
()
0+679
0.4 x 0.4 x 22
95.14
102.57
0.93
2+232
0.4 x 0.4 x 22
102.44
106.50
0.96
4.12 Driven
Hiley B
()
()
Driven
()
Hiley ()
()
0.4 x 0.4 x 20
132.97
135.22
0.98
0.65 x 0.65 x 19
282.79
317.92
0.89
0.65 x 0.65 x 20
302.71
283.99
1.06
4.5.1 Driven
Hiley
4.11 Driven A
Hiley 0.93 - 0.96
4.12 Driven B
Hiley 0.89 - 1.06 4.7
Hiley 0.65x0.65 19 .
20 .
19 .
157
number
Location
Shape
Dimension
(m)
Length
(m)

(tons)

(tons)
Driven
(tons)
()
()
4.13 Driven Pile Load Test
(T3-C2 )
Spun
0.60
26.3
247
283
267
0.94
1.08
(T2-C2 )
Spun
0.60
27.3
302
351
305
0.86
1.01
(T2-C1 )
Spun
0.60
27.5
281
333
310
0.93
1.10
(T1B-C1)
Spun
0.60
27.5
261
305
290
0.95
1.11
(T1-C3)
Spun
0.60
28.5
266
306
298
0.97
1.11
(T2-C3)
Spun
0.60
28
247
280
284
1.01
1.10
Asoke Tower
Circular
0.80
51.42
660
767
711
0.93
1.07
Crytal City
Circular
1.20
42.12
891
980
987
1.00
1.10
Witayu Complex
Circular
1.50
56
1872
1980
1964
0.99
1.04
10
Grand Diamond
Circular
1.50
60.2
2646
2940
2552
0.86
0.95
157
158
20 .
4.5.2 Driven
Pile Load Test

Driven
4.13
Driven
Pile Load Test 0.86 - 1.10
Driven Hiley 0.9 - 1.05
F.S.(Factor of safety)
Driven F.S. Hiley
2.5 Driven F.S.
2.15 2.75
5
5.1
10
Pile Load Test 22
214 Chin

1. 2 2.5
2. Pile Load Test Chin

2 Load Settlement
3
3. Predict Chin Terzaghi, Davisson
De beer
Terzaghi
0.50 0.50 0.90
Davisson De beer
0.90
4. Modified Mazurkiewicz, Van der
Veen, 80% Brinch Hansen, 90% Brinch Hansen, Fuller & Hoy Butler & Hoy
20 40%
, 10 55% 8 20%
160
5. Hiley Load Settlement

Predict Chin Terzaghi, Davisson De beer
5 % Modified Mazurkiewicz, Van der Veen, 80% Brinch
Hansen, 90% Brinch Hansen, Fuller & Hoy Butler&Hoy
20 50 %
6. Driven 0.9 - 1.05
Hiley 0.86 - 1.10
Pile Load Test
F.S.= 2.5 Hiley Driven F.S.
2.15 2.75
5.2

5.2.1 10
P - S/ log t S - log
P, DIN4026, Boston Building Code, Canadian Building Coad (1960)
5.2.2 F.S.(Factor of safety)
F.S.
F.S.
5.2.3 (Finite Element
Analysis)

1. , 2532, Dynamic Load Test,
,
, , 1083 .
2. , 2535, Correllation of Dynamic Measurement and
Static Load Test, ,
, , 1083 .
3. , 2541,
,
, 161 .
4. , 2539, , ,
, 105116.
5. , 2539, Foundation Engineering and Tunnelling, 5,
, 443 .
6. , 2521, ,
, , 111
7. , 2539, , ,
, 161 .
8. , 2540,
, 40,
, 48-78.
162
9. , 2523,
,
,
10. , 2539,
,
, 30-35.
11. , 2524, ,
,
, 176 - 199
12. , 2531,
,
, 134-138.
13. ASTM Designation, 1986, D 1143-81 Standard Method of Testing Piles Under Static Axial
Compressive Load, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.08, pp. 239-254.
14. Berezantzev, V.G., V. Khristoforov and V.Golubkov., 1961, Load Bearing Capacity and
Deformation of Piled Foundation, Proc., 5th Conf. S.M.&F.E., Vol. 02, pp. 11-15.
15. Bishop, A.W., 1945, The Theory of Indentation and Hardness Test, Proceedings of Physics
Society, No. 57, pp. 147-159.
16. Bowles, J.E., (1977, 1982, 1988), Foundation Analysis and Design, 2nd ,3rd and 4th ed.,
McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York
17. Brinch Hansen, H.J., 1963, Hyperbolic Stress-strain Response, Cohesive Soils, American
Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE, J.SMFD, Vol. 89, SM4, pp. 241-242.
163
18. Broms, B.B., 1966, Methods of Calculating the Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Piles, A
Summary Sols Soils, No. 18, pp. 21-32.
19. Broms, B.B., 1972, Stability of Flexible Structures (Piles and Pile Groups), 5th European
Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Madrid, Vol. 2, pp. 239-269.
20. Butler, H.D. and Hoy, H.E, 1977, Users manual for the Texas Quick-load Method for
Foundation Load Testing, Federal Highway Administration, Office of Development,
Washington, p. 59.
21. Canadian Geotechnical Society, 1992, Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual, 3rd ed.,
Technical Committee on Foundation, Richmond, British Columbia, p. 512.
22. Caquot, A. and Kerisel, J., 1948, Tables for Calculation of Passive Pressure, Active Pressure
and Bearing Capacity of Foundation( translated from French), Gauthier-Villars, Paris.
23. Carroll, J., 1994, Foundation Design : Principles and Practice, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey,
p. 796.
24. Centre for Civil Engineering Research and Codes, 1996, Building on Soft Soil, A.A. Balkema,
Rotterdam, Netherland, p. 396.
25. Chin, F.K., 1970, Estimation of the Ultimate Load of Pile not Carried to Failure, Proc., of 2nd
Southeast Asian Conf on Soil Eng, pp. 81-90.
26. Chin, F.K., 1971, Discussion, Pile tests, Arkansas River Project, American Society of Civil
Engineers, Vol. 97, pp. 930-932.
27. Chun, H.H., 1992, Performance of Driven and Bored Piles in Expressway Projects, Master
of Engineering Thesis, Geotechnical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Asian
Institute of Technology, p. 55.
164
28. Coduto, D.P., 1994, Foundation Design: Principles and Practices, Prentice Hall, Inc.,
New Jersey, p. 796.
29. Crowther, C.l., 1987, Load Test of Deep Foundation, John &Wiley Sons, Inc., Georgia,
p. 233.
30. Das, B.M., 1999, Principles of Foundation Engineering, 4thed., Brooks/Cole Publishing
Company, Pacific Grove, California, p. 862.
31. Davisson, M.T., 1972, High Capacity Piles, Proceedings of Soil Mechanics Lecture Series
on Innovations in Foundation Construction, American Society of Civil Engineers, Illinois
Section, Chicago, pp. 81-112.
32. De Beer, E.E. and Walays, M., 1972, Franki Piles with Overexpanded Bases, La Technique
des Travaux, Belgium, No. 333, p. 48.
33. Fellenius, B.H., 1975, Test Load of Piles and new Proof Testing Procedure, American
Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE, Jr. of Geotechnical Engineering Division, Vol. 101,
No. GT 9, pp. 855-869.
34. Fellenius, B.H., 1980, The Analysis of Results from Routine Pile Load Tests, Ground
Engineering, Vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 19-31.
35. Fellenius, B.H., 2001, From Strain Measurements to Load in an Instrumented Pile,
Geotechnical Instrumentation News, pp. 35-38.
36. Fleming, W.G.K., Randolph, M.F., Weltman, A.J. and Elson, W.K., 1992, Piling Engineering,
2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, p. 390.
37. Fuller, R.M. and Hoy, H.E., 1970, Pile Load Tests Including Quick-Load Test Method,
Conventional Methods and Interpretations, HRB 333, pp. 78-86.
165
38. Gibbs, H.J. And Holtz, W.G, 1957, Research on Determining the Density of Sands by Spoon
Penetration Testing, 5th IcSMFE., Vol. 2, pp. 35-39.
39. Housel, W.S., 1966, Pile Load Capacity: Estimation And Test Results, Proc. of the
American Society of Civil Engineering, Vol. 92(4), pp. 1-29.
40. Hwang, J.H., Li, J.C.C. and Liang, N., 2003, On Method for Interpretation Bearing Capacity
from a Pile Load Test, Journal of The Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, April,
pp. 27-38.
41. Joshi, R.C. and Sharma, H.D., 1987, Prediction of Ultimate Pile Capacity from Load Test on
Bored and Belled, Expanded Base Compacted and Driven Piles, Prediction and Performance
in Geotechnical Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada, pp. 135-144.
42. Ladanyi, B., 1963, Evaluation of Pressuremeter Tests in Granular Soils, 2nd Panamerican
Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering., Sao Paulo, Brazil, Vol. 1,
pp. 3 - 20.
43. Lambe, T.W. and Whitman, R.V., 1979, Soil Mechanics, SI Version, John Wiley & Sons,
New York., p. 553.
44. Mazurkiewicz, B.K., 1972, Test Loading of Piles According to Polish Regulations, Royal
Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, Commission on Pile Research, Preliminary
Report No.35, Stockholm, Sweden, pp.20.
45. Meyerhof, G.G., 1951, The Ultimate Bearing Capacity of pile Foundation, Geotechnique,
Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 301-331.
46. Meyerhof, G.G., 1953, The Bearing Capacity of Foundations under Eccentric and Inclined
Loads, 3rd ICSMFE, Vol. 1, pp. 440-445.
166
47. Meyerhof, G.G., 1976, The Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Pile Foundation, Geot. Eng.
Div. ASCE, Vol. 102, No. GT 3.
48. Mohan, D. And Jain, G.S., 1961, Bearing Capacity of Pile in Expansive Clays, Proc. 5th Int.
Conf. SM. And FE., Vol. 2
49. Mohan, D., 1967, Bearing Capacity of Multiple Under-Reamed Bored Pile, Proc. of 3rd Asian
Conference on Soil Mechanic and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 183-186.
50. Nordlund, R.L., 1963, Bearing Capacity of Pile in Cohesionless Soils, Journal. SMFD.,
ASCE, Vol. 89, SM 3.
51. Peck, R.B., 1954, Foundation Conditions in Cuyahoga River Valley, Journal of Geotechnical
Engineering Divison, ASCE, Vol. 80, p. 513.
52. Peck, R.B., 1958, Study of the Comparative Behaviour of Friction Piles, Washington D.C.,
Highway Research. Board, p. 72.
53. Peck, R.B., 1974, Foundation Engineering, 2nd ed., John Wiley, ASCE, New York.
54. Poulos, H.G. and Davis, E.H., 1980, Pile Foundation Analysis and Design, John Wiley and
Sons, Singapore, p. 397.
55. Skempton, A.W., 1951, Discussion : Pile and Piles in London Clay, Geotechnique, Vol. 9
56. Skempton, A.W. and Bjerrum, L, 1957, A Contribution to the Settlement Analysis of
Foundation on Clay, Geotechnique, Vol. 7, No. 4
57. Sower, G.F., 1961, The Bearing Capacity of Friction Pile Groups in a Homogeneous Clay from
Model Studies, 5rd ICSMFE, Vol. 2, pp. 367 - 374
167
58. Teng, W.C., 1962, Foundation Design, Prentice Hall, New Jersey
59. Terzaghi, K., 1943, Theoretical Soil Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons, New York
60. Terzaghi, K., (1978, 1967), Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, 1st and 2nd ed., John
Wiley & Sons, New York
61. Tomlinson, M.J., 1971, Some Effects of Pile Driving on Skin Friction, Proceeding
Behavious of Piles Institution of Civil Engineers, London, pp. 107-114.
62. Tomlinson, M.J., (1975, 1980, 1986), Foundation Design and Construction, 3rd, 4th and 5th
ed., Pitman Publishing Ltd., London
63. Van der Veen, C., 1953, The Bearing Capacity of a Pile,Proc, 3rd ed., ICSMFE, Vol. 2,
pp. 84-90.
64. Van Weele, A.F., 1957, A Method of Seperating the Bearing Capacity of a Test Pile into Skin
Friction and Point Resistance, 4rd ICSMFE, Vol. 2
65. Vesic, A.S., 1970, Load Transfer in Pile-Soil System, Design & Installation of Pile
Foundations and Cellular Structure, pp. 47-73.
66. Vesic, A.S., 1967, Ultimate Loads and Settlement of Deep Foundation in Sand,
Proceedings of Symposium on Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Foundations, Duke
University, Durham, N.C.
67. Winterkorn, H.F. and Fang, H., 1975, Foundation Engineering Handbook, Van Nostrand
Reinhold Co., New York, p. 751.
68. Whitaker, T., 1957, Experiments with Model Pile in Groups, Geotechnique, Vol. 7, No. 4,
December, pp. 147-167.
168
69. Whitaker, T., 1963, The Constant Rate of Penetration Test for Determination of the Ultimate
Bearing Capacity of a Pile, Proceeding of Institution of Civil Engineers, Vol. 26,
pp. 119-123.
70. Whitaker, T., 1970, The Design of Piled Foundation, Pergamon Press, London
Load (tons)
170
Sakorn Place
18.0
17.5
17.0
16.5
16.0
15.5
15.0
14.5
14.0
13.5
13.0
12.5
12.0
11.5
11.0
10.5
10.0
9.5
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Design load 2.5
pile load
Terzaghi
Design load 2
De = 10.5
Davis = 10.6
Chin = 12
Van = 11.1
Fuller = 10.2
90% Han = 9.5
Butler = 9.3
Davisson
Fuller & Hoy
Butler & Hoy
80% Han = 11.8
Maz = 11.2
De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Design load
Van Der Veen
Ter = 6.4
Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.18 m.
Length
= 14 m.
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Settlement (mm)
55
60
65
70
90% Hansen
75
Load (tons)
.1 Sakorn Place
Ban Sing Land 1
52
50
48
46
44
42
40
38
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Design load 2.5
pile load
Terzaghi
Design load 2
Davisson
Fuller & Hoy
80% Han = 27
Maz = 25
De = 20
Davis = 20.1
Butler & Hoy
Van = 24.2
De Beer
Chin = 25.6
Mazurkiewicz
Design load
Fuller = 18.6
90% Han = 18
Butler = 17.3
Ter = 13.9
Van Der Veen

Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.22 m.
Length
= 18 m.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Settlement (mm)
90% Hansen
90
100
110
120
Load (tons)
171
Ban Sing Land 2
52
50
48
46
44
42
40
38
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Design load 2.5
pile load
Terzaghi
Design load 2
Davisson
Fuller & Hoy
Butler & Hoy
Maz = 20.2
De = 15
Design load
Davis = 15.2
80% Han = 21
Mazurkiewicz
Van = 20
Chin = 20.8
Fuller = 14.3
90% Han = 13.7
Butler = 13.1
Ter = 10.3
Van Der Veen

Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.22 m.
Length
= 20 m.
De Beer
90% Hansen
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Settlement (mm)
Load (tons)

Toshiba Project
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
80% Han = 84
Van = 82.6
Fuller = 75 Davis = 75
De = 74
Design load 2.5

Chin = 90
Design load 2
Maz = 83
pile load
Terzaghi
Davisson
Fuller & Hoy
Butler & Hoy
Butler = 72
90% Han = 69
De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Ter = 38
Design load
Van Der Veen

Chin
S - log
Dimension = 0.30 m.
Length
= 24 m.
80% Hansen
90% Hansen
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
Settlement (mm)
.4 Toshiba Project
Load (tons)
172
Lakmung Hospital
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Chin = 290
Van der Veen = 257
pile load
80% Han = 259
Terzaghi
Design load 2.5
Mazurkiewicz = 242
Davisson
Fuller & Hoy
Design load 2
Davisson = 179
Butler & Hoy
De Beer = 178
De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Terzaghi = 128
Design load
Van Der Veen

Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.40 m.
Length
= 13 m.
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Settlement (mm)
45
50
55
90% Hansen
60
Load (tons)
.5 Lakmung Hospital
185
180
175
170
165
160
155
150
145
140
135
130
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
80% Hansen = 153

Van Der Veen = 150
Mazurkiewicz = 150
pile load
Chin = 161
Design load 2.5
De Beer = 133
Davisson = 135
Fuller = 135
Butler = 130
90% Hansen = 124
Terzaghi
Davisson
Fuller & Hoy
Design load 2
Butler & Hoy

De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Terzaghi = 65
Van Der Veen
Design load
Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.40 m.
Length
= 25 m.
10
20
30
40
50
90% Hansen
60
70
Settlement (mm)
80
90
100
110
.6 President Internation
Load (tons)
173
Highrise Building 9 Stories
210
205
200
195
190
185
180
175
170
165
160
155
150
145
140
135
130
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Van der veen = 175

Mazurkiewicz = 175
Ter = 158
Fuller = 159
Davisson = 159
De Beer = 157
Butler = 157
80% Han = 179 Chin = 187
pile load
Terzaghi
Design load 2.5
Davisson
Fuller & Hoy
Design load 2
90% Han = 144
Butler & Hoy

De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Design load
Van Der Veen

Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.60 m.
Length
= 21.5 m.
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Settlement (mm)
45
50
55
90% Hansen
60
Load (tons)
.7 Building 9 Stories
(T3-C2)
450
440
430
420
410
400
390
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Design load 2.5
pile load
Terzaghi
80% Han = 274

De = 251
Chin = 339Design load 2
Davisson
Mazurkiewicz = 283
Fuller & Hoy
Van der Veen = 279
Butler & Hoy
Davis = 266
90% Han = 247
De Beer
Terzaghi
Mazurkiewicz
Design load
Van Der Veen

Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.60 m.
Length
= 26.3 m.
0
10
15
20
25
30
35 40 45 50 55
Settlement (mm)
90% Hansen
60
65
70
75
80
.8 ( T3-C2)
Load (tons)
174
(T2-C2)
480
470
460
450
440
430
420
410
400
390
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
pile load
Chin = 417
80% Han = 358
Terzaghi
Mazurkiewicz = 366
Van der Veen = 351
Davisson
Design load 2.5
Davis = 304
Fuller & Hoy
90% Han = 304

De Beer = 302
Butler & Hoy
Design load 2
De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Terzaghi = 190
Van Der Veen
Design load
Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.60 m.
Length
= 27.3 m.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Settlement (mm)
70
90% Hansen
80
Load (tons)
.9 ( T2-C2)
(T2-C1)
430
420
410
400
390
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Design load 2.5

Chin = 369
Mazurkiewicz = 331
80% Han = 333
Van der Veen = 326
Davisson = 307
De Beer = 300
90% Han = 281
Design load 2
pile load
Terzaghi
Davisson
Fuller & Hoy
Butler & Hoy
De Beer
Terzaghi = 202
Design load
Mazurkiewicz
Van Der Veen
Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.60 m.
Length
= 27.5 m.
0
90% Hansen
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95
Settlement (mm)
.10 ( T2-C1)
Load (tons)
175
(T1B-C1)
390
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Design load 2.5

Mazurkiewicz = 303
Van der Veen = 301
80% Han = 305
pile load
Chin = 345
Terzaghi
Design load 2
Davisson
Davisson = 285
De Beer = 269
90% Han = 261
Fuller & Hoy

Butler & Hoy
De Beer
Terzaghi = 205
Mazurkiewicz
Design load
Van Der Veen

Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.60 m.
Length
= 27.5 m.
0
10 15
20
25
30 35
40
90% Hansen
45
50 55
Settlement (mm)
60
65
70 75
80
Load (tons)
.11 ( T1B-C1)
(T1-C3)
420
410
400
390
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Chin = 407
Design load 2.5

Mazurkiewicz = 305
Van der = 303
80% Han = 306
pile load
Terzaghi
Davisson
Design load 2
Davis = 276
90% Han = 268
De Beer = 266
Fuller & Hoy

Butler & Hoy
De Beer
Terzaghi = 155
Design load
Mazurkiewicz
Van Der Veen
Chin
Dimension = 0.60 m.
Length
= 28.5 m.
0
80% Hansen
90% Hansen
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Settlement (mm)
.12 ( T1-C3)
Load (tons)
176
(T2-C3)
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Chin = 345
pile load
Design load 2.5
Terzaghi
Van der Veen = 278

80% Han = 274
Mazurkiewicz = 280
Davisson
Design load 2
Fuller & Hoy
Davisson = 259
De Beer = 251
90% Han = 247
Butler & Hoy

De Beer
Terzaghi = 175
Mazurkiewicz
Design load
Van Der Veen

Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.60 m.
Length
= 28 m.
0
10
15
20
25
30
90% Hansen
35 40 45 50 55 60
Settlement (mm)
65
70
75
80
85
Load (tons)
.13 ( T2-C3)
Carre Four
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Davis = 200 Fuller = 202
80% Han = 233 Design load 2.5

Van = 226
Chin = 238
Maz = 226
Design load 2
De Beer = 195
Butler = 193
90% Han = 184
pile load
Terzaghi
Davisson
Fuller & Hoy
Butler & Hoy
Terzaghi = 151
De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Design load
Van Der Veen

Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.60 m.
Length
= 30 m.
0
10
20
30
40
50
90% Hansen
60
70
Settlement (mm)
80
90
100
110
.14 Carre Four
Load (tons)
177
Technothani Building
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Chin = 333
Fuller = 281 Van = 291
Davis = 272
pile load
80% Han = 305
Terzaghi
Design load 2.5
Maz = 291
Butler = 271
De Beer = 266
90% Han = 256
Davisson
Fuller & Hoy
Design load 2
Butler & Hoy

De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Terzaghi = 155
Design load
Van Der Veen

Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.60 m.
Length
= 30.4 m.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Settlement (mm)
90
100
90% Hansen
110
Load (tons)
.15 Technothani
Asoke Tower
1000
975
950
925
900
875
850
825
800
775
750
725
700
675
650
625
600
575
550
525
500
475
450
425
400
375
350
325
300
275
250
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
pile load
Chin = 936
Terzaghi
80% Han = 767
Davisson
Design load 2.5
Van der Veen = 710
Mazurkiewicz = 705
Davis = 660
Fuller & Hoy
Design load 2
Butler & Hoy
De Beer = 589
De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Terzaghi = 460
Van Der Veen
Design load
Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.80 m.
Length
= 51.42 m.
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Settlement (mm)
50
55
60
65
90% Hansen
70
.16 Asoke Tower
Load (tons)
178
Mae Moh Unit 10.1
1100
1080
1060
1040
1020
1000
980
960
940
920
900
880
860
840
820
800
780
760
740
720
700
680
660
640
620
600
580
560
540
520
500
480
460
440
420
400
380
360
340
320
300
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Chin = 1031
Van der Veen = 999
pile load
Design load 2.5
80% Han = 947
Terzaghi
Davisson
Mazurkie = 825
Design load 2
Davis = 635
Fuller & Hoy

Butler & Hoy
De Beer = 631
De Beer
Terzaghi = 575
Mazurkiewicz
Design load
Van Der Veen

Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 0.90 m.
Length
= 22.29 m.
0
10 15
20 25
30 35
90% Hansen
40 45 50
55 60
Settlement (mm)
65 70
75 80
Load (tons)
.17 Mae Moh Unit 10.1

Crytal City
1400
1375
1350
1325
1300
1275
1250
1225
1200
1175
1150
1125
1100
1075
1050
1025
1000
975
950
925
900
875
850
825
800
775
750
725
700
675
650
625
600
575
550
525
500
475
450
425
400
375
350
325
300
275
250
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
Design load 2.5

Mazurkiewicz = 1110
Van Der Veen= 1101
Terzaghi = 980
Chin = 1205
80% Hansen = 1127
pile load
Terzaghi
Design load 2
Davisson
Davisson = 980
Fuller & Hoy
De Beer= 955
Butler & Hoy
90% Hansen = 891
De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Design load
Van Der Veen

Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 1.20 m.
Length
= 42.12 m.
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Settlement (mm)
55
60
65
70
90% Hansen
75
.18 Crytal City
Load (tons)
179
Fortune Complex
2600
2550
2500
2450
2400
2350
2300
2250
2200
2150
2100
2050
2000
1950
1900
1850
1800
1750
1700
1650
1600
1550
1500
1450
1400
1350
1300
1250
1200
1150
1100
1050
1000
950
900
850
800
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
pile load
Chin = 2404
Design load 2.5
90% Han = 1935

Terzaghi = 1840
Davisson = 1850
80% Han = 2110

Mazurkiewicz = 2050
Van der Veen = 2026
Design load 2
De Beer = 1778
Terzaghi
Davisson
Fuller & Hoy
Butler & Hoy
De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Design load
Van Der Veen

Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 1.20 m.
Length
= 50.02 m.
0
90% Hansen
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95
Settlement (mm)
Load (tons)
.19 Fortune Complex
2300
2250
2200
2150
2100
2050
2000
1950
1900
1850
1800
1750
1700
1650
1600
1550
1500
1450
1400
1350
1300
1250
1200
1150
1100
1050
1000
950
900
850
800
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Rs Tower
Design load 2.5
pile load
Terzaghi
Design load 2
Davisson
Fuller & Hoy
Terzaghi = 965
Maz = 1025
Van = 1109
Chin = 1190
Butler & Hoy

De Beer
Davis = 930
80% Han = 1158
90% Han = 925
Design load
Mazurkiewicz
Van Der Veen
De Beer = 891
Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 1.50 m.
Length
= 38.37 m.
0
90% Hansen
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95
Settlement (mm)
.20 RS Tower
Load (tons)
180
Witayu Complex
2500
2450
2400
2350
2300
2250
2200
2150
2100
2050
2000
1950
1900
1850
1800
1750
1700
1650
1600
1550
1500
1450
1400
1350
1300
1250
1200
1150
1100
1050
1000
950
900
850
800
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Chin = 2381
Maz = 2050 Design load 2.5
De Beer = 1972 Davis = 1980

Ter = 1910
80% Han = 2077

Van = 2063
90% Han = 1827
pile load
Terzaghi
Davisson
Design load 2
Fuller & Hoy

Butler & Hoy
De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Design load
Van Der Veen

Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 1.50 m.
Length
= 56 m.
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Settlement (mm)
50
55
60
65
90% Hansen
70
Load (tons)
.21 Witayu Complex

Grand Dimond
3700
3600
3500
3400
3300
3200
3100
3000
2900
2800
2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Van der Veen = 3480

Mazurkiewicz = 3180
80% Han = 2992
Davisson = 2730
Chin = 3448
90% Han = 2646
De Beer = 2692
Design load 2.5
Terzaghi = 2225
Design load 2
pile load
Terzaghi
Davisson
Fuller & Hoy
Butler & Hoy
De Beer
Mazurkiewicz
Design load
Van Der Veen

Chin
80% Hansen
Dimension = 1.50 m.
Length
= 60.2 m.
0
90% Hansen
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Settlement (mm)
.22 Grand Diamond
number
Location
Dimension ( m.)
Length ( m.)
Design load (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
.1 Predict Chin ( 2 )
Pile Tip
Circular 0.20
15
25
62.5
46
85
82
75
79
93
92
95
91
75
CL
. ( 1)
Circular 0.23
18
7.5
18.75
8.3
21.3
44
35
33
66
62
78
70
CL-ML
. ( 1)
Circular 0.23
16
7.5
18.75
9.4
22.2
40
32
32
59
56
68
59
CL-ML
. ( 2)
Circular 0.23
16
7.5
18.75
14.5
25
27
23.8
28.2
36
35.2
37
34.8
30.1
CL-ML
. ( 3)
Circular 0.23
16
7.5
18.75
10.6
21
27
22
28.2
39
37.7
42
37
CL-ML
. ( 1)
Circular 0.23
21
7.5
18.75
13.7
47
70
56
45
93
87
108
94
CL-ML
Square
0.30
12
35
87.5
55
89
115
102
100
130
128
138
126
112
SM-SC
. 1
Square
0.30
14
30
75
75
95
97
92
91
106
106
108
105
89
International Airport P1
Square
0.30
28.8
45
112.5
71
217
235
211
155
260
250
287
252
SC
10
Square
0.30
25
50
125
49
155
201
180
123
231
219
262
230
SC
11
Circular 0.35
21.5
45
112.5
37
56
68
60
59
81
80
86
79
70
SC
Shape
182
Length ( m.)
Design load (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
Pile Tip
0.35
21.5
17.5
6.6
13
12.2
11.8
14
14.2
14.1
14.3
14
12.4
SC
Chalerm Phra Kiat
Circular 0.35
19.3
30
75
40
79
141
119
95
165
156
187
163
14
. .
Circular 0.35
18
30
75
64
79
82
76
78
91
90
93
90
75
CL
15
Circular 0.35
21
25
62.5
85
132
140
128
123
156
154
162
152
130
OH-MH
16
Square
0.35
10
30
75
86
111
117
109
112
128
128
132
127
107
CL , CH
17
Thai Nippon Steel .
Square
0.35
24
60
150
51
140
197
178
129
230
217
264
232
ML-OL
18
. 2 .
Circular 0.35
6.5
50
125
144
182
205
194
184
219
217
225
215
180
19
. 3 .
Circular 0.35
6.5
50
125
144
180
201
190
181
213
211
217
209
174
20
. 4 .
Circular 0.35
6.5
50
125
136
185
225
210
195
240
237
248
234
200
21
. 5 .
Circular 0.35
6.5
50
125
140
172
189
178
176
201
200
206
199
166
22
International School .
30
75
62
109
125
114
105
142
139
150
137
120
SM
number
Dimension ( m.)
.1 Predict Chin ( 2 ) ()
Location
Shape
12
Square
13
Circular 0.35 21.75
183
Length ( m.)
Design load (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
Pile Tip
0.35
30
75
75
80
132
118
106
150
145
159
143
129
CL
Circular 0.35
21
35
87.5
76
106
111
102
104
124
121
126
120
103
SC
25
Square
0.35
10
30
75
105
129
142
133
129
152
152
156
151
127
SM
26
Square
0.35
25
50
125
96
225
262
240
182
286
277
313
275
SC
27
Future Place .
Spun
0.40
21
80
200
71
149
231
205
146
260
244
291
255
SC
28
Square
0.40
12
50
125
101
125
149
138
132
164
162
169
160
136
SM
29
Circular 0.40
16
44
110
90
118
134
123
123
147
145
152
144
122
SM
30
Square
0.40
22
50
125
78
112
137
124
122
150
150
161
148
129
31
. .
Circular 0.40
24
40
100
60
105
147
130
110
170
163
185
162
32
. 2
Square
0.40
50
125
91
97
103
98
89
110
110
112
110
89
CL
33
(TP 1) .
Square
0.40
20
50
125
99
127
141
130
129
152
152
158
150
127
SM
number
Dimension ( m.)
Location
Shape
23
Square
24
184
number
Location
Shape
Dimension ( m.)
Length ( m.)
Design load (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
Pile Tip
34
(TP 2) .
Square
0.40
20
50
125
121
151
160
150
148
171
171
176
170
140
SM
35
(TP 5) .
Square
0.40
20
50
125
108
138
152
140
136
165
162
169
161
135
SM
36
(TP 12) .
Square
0.40
20
50
125
93
137
171
156
141
186
184
198
182
158
SM
37
(TP 13) .
Square
0.40
20
50
125
84
132
155
141
132
170
169
182
166
149
SM
38
(TP 14) .
Square
0.40
20
50
125
110
145
170
156
150
185
183
193
181
156
SM
39
(TP 18) .
Square
0.40
20
50
125
122
167
188
174
166
200
200
210
198
167
SM
40
(TP 19) .
Square
0.40
20
50
125
102
130
144
133
126
157
156
162
154
131
SM
41
. 1
Square
0.40
18
50
125
112
149
168
156
150
184
182
190
180
154
CH
42
. 2
Square
0.40
18
50
125
95
131
159
145
141
174
172
182
169
149
CH
43
Circular 0.43
11
40
100
116
130
138
131
132
150
149
153
148
122
CL , CH
44
.3 .15 .
Square
28
90
225
160
320
387
359
274
417
402
455
400
MH-OH
0.45
185
number
Location
Shape
Dimension ( m.)
Length ( m.)
Design load (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
Pile Tip
45
.3 .6 .
Square
0.45
28
90
225
163
291
344
319
254
363
356
392
348
313
MH-OH
46
.3 .7 .
Square
0.45
28
90
225
161
298
353
327
257
372
365
405
358
MH-OH
47
.3 .8 .
Square
0.45
28
90
225
160
288
340
314
251
362
352
389
345
MH-OH
48
.3 .9 .
Square
0.45
28
90
225
169
293
342
316
253
361
353
386
347
309
MH-OH
49
.3 .10 .
Square
0.45
28
90
225
144
290
365
337
257
392
380
433
380
MH-OH
50
.3 .11 .
Square
0.45
28
90
225
144
278
348
320
251
373
361
408
359
MH-OH
51
.3 .12 .
Square
0.45
28
90
225
159
279
331
303
243
352
341
376
336
300
MHOH
52
.3 .13 .
Square
0.45
28
90
225
156
270
320
292
237
338
330
375
325
290
MH-OH
53
.3 .14 .
Square
0.45
28
90
225
164
272
315
290
240
332
326
355
321
284
MH-OH
54
.3 .1 .
Square
0.45
28
90
225
172
307
359
330
263
369
369
407
361
326
MH-OH
55
.3 .2 .
Square
0.45
28
90
225
130
262
305
286
219
339
325
368
324
284
MH-OH
186
number
Location
Shape
Dimension ( m.)
Length ( m.)
Design load (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
Pile Tip
56
.3 .3 .
Square
0.45
28
90
225
159
280
330
307
254
352
344
380
339
301
MH-OH
57
.3 .4 .
Square
0.45
28
90
225
117
232
325
300
219
355
342
377
352
MH-OH
58
.3 .5 .
Square
0.45
28
90
225
203
331
362
340
295
381
376
405
371
327
MH-OH
59
Mae Moh Unit 10.2 .
Circular 0.50
10.5
120
300
218
259
310
290
260
325
321
336
317
269
CL
60
Kanista Resident
Circular 0.50
18.5
55
137.5
83
98
109
100
106
120
119
123
118
99
CH
61
Circular 0.50
10
60
150
142
160
201
187
182
219
215
226
213
181
CH
62
Circular 0.50
13
65
162.5
132
175
217
202
182
236
232
246
230
197
SC
63
Circular 0.50
22
50
125
159
210
241
224
197
255
254
268
251
215
CL
64
Circular 0.50
50
125
119
127
175
161
150
190
188
199
186
160
CL
65
. 1 .
Circular 0.50
14
40
100
90
96
107
100
102
118
117
120
116
97
SM
66
Circular 0.50
35
87.5
109
112
118
113
112
127
126
128
126
104
CL
187
number
Location
Dimension ( m.)
Length ( m.)
Design load (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
Pile Tip
67
KR Precision .
Circular 0.50
23
60
150
166
213
234
219
202
252
248
260
245
210
SM
68
Circular 0.50
60
150
175
184
199
190
182
210
209
213
208
175
69
Circular 0.50
12.5
65
162.5
111
138
240
213
181
263
251
283
249
SM-SP
70
. 1 .
Circular 0.50
15.5
65
162.5
209
270
315
297
263
335
330
395
326
278
MH-OH
71
. 2 .
Circular 0.50
15.5
65
162.5
212
310
394
368
299
414
406
442
399
355
MH-OH
72
Circular 0.50
12
50
125
126
135
148
139
140
159
158
162
157
131
CH
73
Circular 0.50
15
50
125
199
209
212
205
202
223
221
224
220
183
CL-ML
74
. .
Circular 0.50
22
65
162.5
149
211
260
237
204
279
272
294
268
248
SP-SM
75
Circular 0.50
21
65
162.5
186
232
252
236
224
267
264
275
261
222
SM-SP
76
. .
Circular 0.50
10
65
162.5
203
226
252
240
234
268
266
272
263
219
CH
77
Circular 0.50
13
65
162.5
201
229
252
240
234
268
264
272
262
217
CL
Shape
188
Length ( m.)
Design load (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
Pile Tip
Circular 0.50
21
35
87.5
126
150
168
156
155
182
180
187
178
150
Square
55
137.5
128
133
150
142
141
160
160
163
159
133
SM
Circular 0.50
11.5
55
137.5
160
184
219
205
295
235
233
243
230
194
SM-SC
. .
Circular 0.50
12
65
162.5
114
136
211
190
168
230
223
244
219
194
SM
82
. .
Circular 0.50
19
65
162.5
188
232
256
239
224
268
268
279
265
244
SP-SM
83
. .
Circular 0.50
11
65
162.5
140
155
183
170
168
195
195
202
193
162
84
. .
Circular 0.50
16
65
162.5
76
95
201
176
127
214
214
253
221
SM
85
Circular 0.50
16
60
150
117
135
157
145
144
169
169
177
168
141
SC
86
. .
Circular 0.50
8.5
60
150
83
87
192
168
133
204
204
233
204
CL
87
Circular 0.50
50
125
136
141
154
146
145
163
163
166
162
133
88
. 1
Circular 0.50
6.5
60
150
136
138
145
139
141
153
153
155
152
123
number
Dimension ( m.)
Location
78
79
80
. .
81
Shape
0.50
189
Location
Length ( m.)
Design load (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
Pile Tip
89
Circular 0.50
60
150
143
161
280
256
219
300
291
321
286
257
90
Circular 0.50
11
55
137.5
140
160
204
188
180
219
216
227
213
181
SC
91
Circular 0.50
22
60
150
143
197
239
220
195
260
254
274
250
220
SC
92
Circular 0.50
13
65
162.5
125
143
177
165
157
191
190
200
188
161
SM
93
Circular 0.50
55
137.5
147
155
181
170
168
193
192
198
191
161
CL
94
Circular 0.50
10
65
162.5
241
256
264
256
251
275
274
277
273
221
CL
95
. 1
Circular 0.50
50
125
106
110
141
130
129
155
153
159
151
127
CL
96
Circular 0.50
13
55
137.5
158
194
246
229
204
265
259
275
256
221
CH
97
Circular 0.50
11
65
162.5
92
102
150
135
124
166
163
176
161
140
SM
98
Circular 0.50
55
137.5
102
105
133
123
122
145
144
150
143
121
CL
99
Circular 0.50
60
150
99
103
148
136
126
165
162
172
160
140
CL
Shape
Dimension ( m.)
number
190
number
Location
Dimension ( m.)
Length ( m.)
Design load (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
Pile Tip
100
Circular 0.50
13.5
65
162.5
167
203
249
231
209
265
261
275
257
220
SM
101
Circular 0.50
15
60
150
107
119
136
126
129
147
147
152
145
122
CL-ML
102
. .
Circular 0.50
15
65
162.5
162
195
230
214
200
247
242
253
239
203
CL
103
Circular 0.50
10
55
137.5
77
83
136
120
112
153
150
164
148
131
CL-ML
104
Circular 0.50
10
65
162.5
145
162
204
189
177
219
216
226
213
180
SW-SM
105
..
Circular 0.50
10.5
60
150
190
198
203
196
197
211
211
213
210
171
CL
106
Circular 0.50
23
60
150
159
195
210
198
191
225
223
232
221
185
SM
107
. .1 .
Circular 0.50
10
60
150
146
156
174
164
162
185
184
188
182
151
SM-SC
108
Circular 0.50
19
50
125
185
220
238
224
211
252
249
258
247
208
SM
109
Circular 0.50
25
65
162.5
176
245
292
270
237
310
304
327
300
263
SC
110
Circular 0.50
23
55
137.5
164
189
203
191
182
214
213
219
212
176
SC
Shape
191
number
Location
Dimension ( m.)
Length ( m.)
Design load (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
Pile Tip
111
Circular 0.50
18
50
125
99
110
128
119
120
141
140
146
139
118
CL
112
Hollow 0.525
30
100
250
238
580
398
710
673
800
701
SC
113
0.60
39
120
300
215
290
313
292
257
330
327
347
322
278
SP-SM
114
Circular 0.60
15
75
187.5
168
177
200
190
178
215
213
220
211
176
SM
115
Circular 0.60
15
65
162.5
178
182
185
180
178
194
194
196
193
158
ML-OL
116
. 2
Circular 0.60
14
65
162.5
161
170
206
193
184
221
219
228
217
186
SM
117
Circular 0.60
65
162.5
181
180
233
220
200
250
247
258
244
209
ML-OL
118
Circular 0.60
27.5
85
212.5
244
308
340
320
285
359
354
372
349
295
SC
119
. 1
Circular 0.60
15
60
150
172
185
226
212
200
244
241
252
238
203
CH
120
. 2
Circular 0.60
15
60
150
226
245
276
262
245
292
288
298
286
238
CH
121
Circular 0.60
12
80
200
224
235
265
254
245
282
279
287
276
229
SC
Shape
Spun
192
number
Location
Dimension ( m.)
Length ( m.)
Design load (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
Pile Tip
122
2 .
Circular 0.60
12
80
200
167
175
230
212
200
246
242
255
239
204
SC
123
Circular 0.60
19
80
200
199
214
228
217
214
240
239
245
238
198
124
Circular 0.60
17
65
162.5
186
206
249
231
218
265
261
273
258
218
SM-SP
125
Circular 0.60
24
65
162.5
172
201
239
221
204
255
251
265
248
212
SW-SM
126
Circular 0.60
19.5
80
200
165
190
245
224
201
261
256
272
252
219
CL , CH
127
Circular 0.60
26
65
162.5
162
184
205
193
182
220
218
227
215
182
OH-MH
128
Circular 0.60
11
65
162.5
204
210
241
229
222
254
252
260
251
207
SM
129
Circular 0.60
16
25
62.5
54
51
71
66
64
77
77
80
75
63
SM-SP
130
Circular 0.60
23
80
200
167
200
252
232
204
272
265
283
261
228
SC
131
Circular 0.60
21
60
150
171
194
230
214
201
245
242
254
239
204
CH
132
Circular 0.60
15
65
162.5
187
203
244
227
211
259
255
267
253
212
CH
Shape
193
Location
Length ( m.)
Design load (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
Pile Tip
133
Circular 0.60
80
200
216
215
251
239
225
264
263
270
261
216
SC
134
. .
Circular 0.60
11
65
162.5
165
167
188
179
177
200
200
204
198
166
SC
135
. .
Circular 0.60
17
75
187.5
190
200
214
204
203
224
224
228
222
183
SC
136
Circular 0.60
10
65
162.5
161
163
202
188
178
212
212
220
210
177
137
Circular 0.60
60
150
152
152
200
181
176
212
212
222
209
180
SM-SP
138
. .
Circular 0.60
11
60
150
162
166
204
194
181
222
220
229
218
185
139
Circular 0.60
18
80
200
147
159
197
187
176
213
209
219
206
176
ML-OL
140
Circular 0.60
15
55
137.5
175
191
197
189
186
207
206
210
205
168
SM
141
Circular 0.60
12
55
137.5
190
196
217
206
204
228
227
233
226
189
CL
142
Circular 0.60
13
80
200
210
220
277
258
229
290
288
300
285
239
SM-SW
143
. .
Circular 0.60
65
162.5
188
189
208
199
195
219
217
221
216
178
Shape
Dimension ( m.)
number
194
number
Location
Dimension ( m.)
Length ( m.)
Design load (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
Pile Tip
144
Circular 0.60
15
60
150
192
201
217
207
204
230
228
233
227
186
GM
145
Circular 0.60
10
80
200
202
207
235
222
218
247
245
251
244
202
ML-OL
146
. .
Circular 0.60
13
65
162.5
129
131
156
146
140
169
168
174
166
140
SC
147
Circular 0.60
20
80
200
132
144
181
166
155
196
194
205
192
167
SP-SM
148
. .
Circular 0.60
65
162.5
131
127
216
195
164
235
228
248
224
199
CL-ML
149
Circular 0.60
10
60
150
131
131
195
176
166
210
207
224
204
176
SC
150
.1 .
Circular 0.60
70
175
235
239
255
246
243
266
265
269
264
220
SM-SP
151
. .
Circular 0.60
21
50
125
128
135
150
140
138
162
160
165
159
132
CH
152
.2 .
Circular 0.60
70
175
232
236
256
246
243
269
267
272
266
218
SM-SP
153
Circular 0.60
15
80
200
167
176
203
192
191
219
216
224
215
178
CL
154
Circular 0.60
24
80
200
237
308
397
372
299
418
410
446
404
356
SC
Shape
195
number
Location
Shape
Dimension ( m.)
Length ( m.)
Design load (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
Davisson (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
Pile Tip
155
Bang Bor (J-3B4)(SC-17A)
Spun
0.60
31
135
337.5
150
234
345
320
224
366
366
429
376
SM
156
Bang Plee TP-1(BH-2)
Square
0.60
26
170
425
231
435
367
810
758
962
850
SC
157
(TP 3) .
Square
0.65
19
150
375
231
316
420
392
304
446
433
483
427
SM
158
(TP 4) .
Square
0.65
19
150
375
221
302
403
378
302
431
418
467
412
SM
159
(TP 8) .
Square
0.65
20
150
375
302
349
440
415
347
455
451
481
440
383
SM
160
(TP 9) .
Square
0.65
20
150
375
270
320
445
418
381
465
455
495
444
397
SM
161
(TP 10) .
Square
0.65
20
150
375
232
289
418
391
305
450
435
485
428
SM
162
(TP 11) .
Square
0.65
19
150
375
238
291
427
400
309
454
441
493
435
SM
163
(TP 15) .
Square
0.65
19
150
375
328
392
513
490
398
533
530
575
523
460
SM
164
(TP 16) .
Square
0.65
19
150
375
282
332
462
439
335
486
477
521
471
421
SM
165
(TP 17) .
Square
0.65
19
150
375
266
311
442
418
331
463
457
500
442
395
SM
196
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
Van der Veen (tons)
Chin (tons)
80% Hansen (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
168
Davisson (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
167
load 2.5 (tons)
Design load (tons)
166
Length ( m.)
Location
Dimension ( m.)
number
Pile Tip
Circular 0.80
34
150
375
301
402
508
479
407
517
517
549
510
440
SP-SM
Shape
Circular 0.80 44.99
260
650
529
615
780
760
589
825
809
883
798
708
SM
( 2)
Circular 0.80
47.2
350
875
580
805
741
1270 1210 1433 1254
SM
169
Mae Moh Unit 6.7
Circular 0.90
21
250
625
828
1135
1000
1625 1560 1818 1593
CH
170
14
Circular 1.00 55.41
490
1225
898
1050
944
1640 1570 1876 1604
SM
171
Circular 1.00 47.04
450
1125
942
1020
955
1440 1390 1541 1372
1230
SM
172
Circular 1.00
520
1300
927
1155
1047
1805 1710 2037 1786
SM
173
Golden Gate Plaza
Circular 1.00 50.48
500
1250
1233 1440
1349
2280 2200 2564 2247
SM
174
Circular 1.20 34.47
403
1007.5 1027 1020
1310
1285
1023
1370 1338 1449 1319
1161
SP-SM
175
Circular 1.20
53.5
650
1625
1435 1640
1479
2795 2650 3226 2833
SM
176
Central Pinklao
Circular 1.20 45.22
700
1750
1127 1175
1122
1650 1610 1786 1587
SM
55
197
Terzaghi (tons)
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
Circular 1.20 65.53
640
1600
1168 1330
1230
2140 2040 2433 2132
SM
178
Royal River Place
Circular 1.20
51.7
700
1750
1759 1800
1884
2550 2480 2762 2443
SM
179
Second Stage Expressway
Circular 1.20 35.18
410
1025
963
990
955
1275 1255 1355 1234
1080
SM
180
Water Clife( Phase I )
Circular 1.20 58.08
650
1625
1326 1470
1334
2730 2560 3185 2774
SM
181
Noble House Phayathai
Circular 1.20 55.32
635
1587.5 1068 1200
1072
1960 1860 2227 1946
SM
182
Circular 1.20
58.3
648
1620
1379 1550
1349
2460 2340 2778 2432
SM
183
Circular 1.20
50.5
450
1125
1308 1400
1259
2060 2010 2288 2008
SM
184
SV Riverside Garden
Circular 1.20
51.1
700
1750
1714 1960
1738
3025 2890 3413 2997
SM
185
Circular 1.20 63.07
725
1812.5 1339 1410
1318
1975 1910 2141 1892
SM
186
Circular 1.50 51.05
780
1950
2354 2510
2291
3450 3320 3802 3343
SM
187
SG Tower ll
Circular 1.50 60.13
1000
2500
2500 2840
2239
4910 4600 5882 5283
SM
80% Hansen (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
Apartment (South)
Chin (tons)
Design load (tons)
177
Van der Veen (tons)
Length ( m.)
Pile Tip
Shape
Davisson (tons)
Location
Dimension ( m.)
number
198
Fuller & Hoy (tons)
Butler & Hoy (tons)
De beer (tons)
Mazurkiewicz (tons)
90% Hansen (tons)
2375
2150 2210
2188
3350 3230 3788 3317
SM
Circular 1.50 55.01
850
2125
2404 2740
2455
5100 4750 6250 5743
SM
Makkasan Tower
Circular 1.50
900
2250
2291 2300
2089
3860 3650 4405 3863
SM
191
Dspa Tower Project
Circular 1.50 59.46
900
2250
2250 2370
1995
4020 3780 4651 1293
SM
192
THE 9th TOWER
Circular 1.50 58.25
853
2132.5 2242 2150
1972
3230 3110 3571 3136
SM
189
Bitec
190
57
80% Hansen (tons)
Terzaghi (tons)
950
Jasmine Internation
Chin (tons)
load 2.5 (tons)
63.7
188
Shape
Van der Veen (tons)
Design load (tons)
Circular 1.50
Location
Davisson (tons)
Length ( m.)
Pile Tip
number
Dimension ( m.)
199
200
11 2518
.. 2536

.. 2540

.. 2545

.. 2549

CVE2425

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

CVE2425

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

..

Interpretation of Pile Load Test

Pile Load Test

Predict Chin ( Van der Veen,

2.59 correction factor field SPT N-Values

4.24 load movement 90% Brinch Hansen

4.40 90% Brinch Hansen

effective pile perimeter

Standard Penetration Number

Undrained Shear Strength

Equipment Loss Factor

Pile Load Test

2.1() plastic strain plastic settlement

Maximum Skin Friction D

2.8 ( Coduto, 1994 [27])

3.1 Proof Load Test

3.2 Ultimate Load Test

2.2.1 Static Formula

2.2.1.1 (Base Resistance, Qb)

2.10 (Vesic, 1967 [65])

(bearing stratum) D/B ( depth (length) to width radio )

6.14 < NC < 9 length to width radio (D/B) > 4

2.2.1.2 (Skin Friction, Qs)

2.14 Adhesion factor

2.2.2 Standard Penetration Test (SPT)

2.15 Standard penetration test (SPT)

overburden pressure (po)

> 1.5 ksf

( relative density ) 0.5 50%

corrected factor C = 0.77 log 20

> 1.5 tons/ft2

2.2.3 Static Formula

2.17 adhesion factor

Bowles(1988) = 0.35 0.40 c 100 kPa NC= 9

Poulos and Davis (1980)

2.2.4 Dynamic Formula

mobilize mobilize displacement

(stiff clay) heavily over consolidated clay

2.3.1 (Pile Driving Formula)

48 - 60 /30 5.0 - 6.2 /10

2.3.1.1 Engineering News Formula ( F.S. = 4)

Ultimate bearing capacity ()

2.3.1.2 Hiley ' s Formula ( F.S. = 4)

= Ultimate bearing capacity ()

= Coefficient of restitution = 0.25

2.3.1.3 Janbu's Formula ( F.S. = 4)

2.3.1.4 Load Bearing Capacity (So's Formula), ( F.S. = 5)

2.3.3 Factor of Safety

2.9.3.2 Factor of safety , F.S.

Upper and lower limits of SF = PU / Pd *

Upper and lower limits of SF = PU / Pd *

* PU = Ultimate test load.

2. (Ultimate bearing capacity)

1. Nation Building Code (1990)

2.5.1 Standard Loading Procedure Slow Maintain Load Test

2.5.2 Constant Rate of Penetration Test (CRP)

2.5.3 Cyclic Load Test

2.5.4 Quick Load Test

2.5.5 Loading in Excess of Standard Load Test

2.5.6 Constant Time Interval Loading

2.5.7 Constant Settlement Increment Loading Method

3. Punching Shear Failure (De Beer Vesic, 1958)

Offset 3.81 (0.15 ) 0.008

2.28 Chin ( Johsi [40])