Blood cells Nerve cells

Stomach cells Bone cells

I. The General Cell is made up of a NUCLEUS,
CYTOPLASM, CYTOPLASMIC STRUCTURES and CELL
MEMBRANE.
A. Functions of the cell (plasma) membrane


1. Outermost part of the cell
2. Maintains cell shape
3. Controls what enters and
exits the cell
4. Involved in transmitting
messages

B . Membrane structure
1. Composed of a double layer of lipids,
proteins, and some carbohydrates.
C. The cytoplasm is made up of a clear liquid, called
CYTOSOL, and a supportive framework called the
CYTOSKELETON. Organelles are found inside of the
cytoplasm.
1. The ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) is
involved in the synthesis of lipids (SER)and
proteins(RER). Products through the nucleus
move along through the ER pathway, leading to
the golgi. The rough ER is covered with
ribosomes, while the smooth ER lacks them.

2. Proteins are put together at the RIBOSOMES.

3. The GOLGI APPARATUS refines, sorts,
packages, and ships proteins made in the ER.

4. The MITOCHONDRIA makes ATP energy.

5. LYSOSOMES engulf and destroy cellular debris
and worn cell parts.

D. The NUCLEUS is a sphere shaped organelle that holds
the chromosomes.


6. CILIA are hair-like structures protruding from
the cell that are motile.
7. A single FLAGELLUM protrudes from sperm cells
helping them to move.


8. VESSICLES are sacs made up of portions of
membrane. They can be filled with different
things.

1. The NUCLEOLUS is a small region in the nucleus
made up of RNA and protein. Ribosomes are
made there.