DEFINATION

Data: Data can be defined as a representation of fact,

concept or instruction in a formalized manner suitable
for communication, interpretation or processing by
human or electronic machine. Data is represented with
the help of characters like. Alphabets (A-Z, a-z), digits (0-
9) or special character (+, -, *, /) etc.
Data item (Field): A set of character which is used
together to represent a specific data element e.g. name
of the student in the class is represented by the data
item, say, Name.
Record: Record is the collection of related data item, e.g.
a payroll record for an employee contains such data field
as name, age, qualification, basis, pay, DA, HRA, and PF
etc.
File (Data file): File is a collection record e.g. a payroll file
might consist of the employee pay record for the
company.
Example of Data and Information:
The daily production figures are raw data for the
managing director. If however, they are arrange for
the month and the short falls computers against the
plan. It becomes information that would prompt him
to apply some corrective actions. So that production
rate accelerated to match the plan.
Marks obtained in different subjects in a particular
examination of the student act as data. By
processing this data, result may be obtained. The
result is the information, teacher uses to declare a
student pass or fail.
Information: Information is organized or classified
data so that it has some surprise value to the
receiver. For the decision to be meaningful, the
processed data must qualify for the following
characteristic:
Timely
Accurate
Complete
Give to right person