P

l
Mt ct Hnh ct
I. Khi nim chung
1. nh ngha : L phng php biu din vt
th trn MPHC th hin hnh dng bn trong
2. S lc v php ct
a. Cc thnh phn php ct
+ Mt phng hnh chiu P
v hng chiu l
+ Vt th cn ct
+ V tr cn ct trn vt th
+ Mt phng ct tng tng P
P
P
b. Phng php ct
+ Cho mt phng ct P ct vt
th ti v tr A A . Mt phng
ct P ct cc mt phng ti cc
giao tuyn. Tp hp cc giao
tuyn to thnh vt ct trn P
+ B phn vt th gia ngi
quan st v MPHC P, ta thy vt
ct trn mt phng ct P v phn
bn trong ca vt th
+ K hiu trn vt ct l cc ng
gch gch (Tu theo vt liu)
+ Thc hin chiu vt ct v phn cn li
ca vt th ln MPHC P Hnh ct
Ghi nh :
- Mt ct : Th hin vt ct
- Hnh ct : Th hin vt ct v phn cn li ca vt th
+ Thc hin chiu vt ct ln MPHC P Mt ct
P
l
Mt ct Hnh ct
Ch :
phn bit phn vt th nm trn mt phng ct vi phn
nm sau mt phng ct. Quy nh phn nm trn mt phng
ct c v bng cc k hiu vt liu nh sau
Kim loi Phi kim loi
G ct ngang
G ct dc
II. Mt ct
1. Ch : + Mt phng ct thng l mt phng v // vi
mt phng hnh chiu
+ Trn mt ct c v k hiu vt liu v ghi k hiu v
tr ct bng ch
2. Cc loi mt ct
a. Mt ct chp : V ngay trn
hnh chiu ca vt th
V d :
Cho vt th l ch L nh hnh v v 2 HCVG
ca vt th. Hng nhn v v tr ct A - A
+ ng bao mt ct trng
ng bao hnh chiu c
gi nguyn
+ ng bao mt ct khng trng vi ng bao hnh
chiu c v bng nt lin mnh
+ V ngay v tr ct, khng cn ghi k hiu v tr ct nhng ghi
k hiu hng ct
Ch : Mt ct chp dng cho cc vt th c ng bao
n gin
- Thc hin ct vt th ti v tr ct Mt ct.
Biu din mt ct ngay trn hnh chiu
Nhn xt
b. Mt ct ri : V ngoi hnh chiu ca vt th
A
A
+ Cc mt ct ri mi ng bao
c v bng nt lin m
+ Mt ct ri thng c t 2 v tr
- Dc theo ng ko di ca nt
ct : Khng ghi k hiu v tr ct
- V tr bt k : Ghi k hiu v tr ct
Ch : Mt ct ri dng cho cc vt th c ng bao phc tp
A - A
V d :
+ Cho vt th hnh ch Z
nh hnh v v 2 HCVG ca
vt th
+ Hng nhn khi ct v v tr
ct A - A
+ Thc hin ct vt th ti v tr ct
Mt ct.
III. Hnh ct
1. Ch
+ C th dng mt hay nhiu mt phng ct vt th.
Nu dng mt mt phng ct ta c hnh ct n
+ Mt phng ct thng l mt phng i xng ca vt
th v // vi MPHC
2. Cc loi hnh ct
a. Hnh ct ton phn : Dng mt phng ct ton b vt th
Hnh ct ton phn
th hin ton b bn trong vt th
A
A-A
V d :
A
Hnh ct ring phn
b. Hnh ct ring phn : Dng mt phng ct ring mt phn
no ca vt th th hin cu to bn trong ti b phn

c. Hnh ct kt hp :
+ p dng cho vt th c tnh i
xng gim s lng hnh v
+ Ghp mt na hnh ct vi mt na
hnh chiu, ng phn cch gia 2
hnh l trc i xng
Hnh ct kt hp
+ ng gii hn ca phn hnh ct vi
hnh chiu c v bng nt ln sng
V d : Th hin l u trc nh hnh v
+ Dng mt phng ct ct ngay ti u trc
+ Phn hnh ct thng bn phi
trc i xng, khng v nt khut bn
phn hnh chiu
Bi tp ng dng v mt ct hnh ct
Cho vt th v 2 HCVG nh hnh v, Hy v mt ct ri v cc
hnh ct ton phn, hnh ct ring phn v hnh ct kt hp
B B
+ V tr ct trn vt th B - B
+ Dng mt phng ct vt th ton b vt th ti B B
Vt ct
+ Chiu vt ct ln MPHC Mt ct ri
(Biu din ngoi hnh chiu)
Ch : - Mt phng ct Cnh vt th
- Mt phng ct // MPHC P
Mt ct
B - B
B - B
Hnh ct ton phn
+ Chiu vt ct v phn cn li
vt th ln MPHC Hnh ct
ton phn
+ Trng hp vt i xng nn ta c th
dng hnh ct kt hp gim s lng
hnh v
+ quan st ch c rnh ca vt th,
ta dng mt mt phng ct ti ch
quan st v chiu ln MPHC P Hnh
ct ring phn
Hnh ct ring phn
B - B
Hnh ct kt hp
t ngay trn v tr tng
ng ca hnh chiu c bn
c biu din cng vi
hnh chiu c bn trn
cng mt hng chiu
B B B B