Reproduction

and
Genetics
Please Read and take notes
Chapter 21
Be able to.
Use vocabulary in context
Explain the general
function of both the male
and female reproductive
systems.

Identify the primary and
accessory male
reproductive structures
and describe the general
function of each.
Explain spermatogenesis
Trace the path of a sperm
cell from formation to
outside the body
Explain how hormones
control the activities of male
reproductive organs and the
development of male
secondary sex
characteristics.
Identify the primary and
accessory female
reproductive structures
and describe the general
function of each.
Explain oogenesis
Trace the path of an egg cell
from formation to outside the
body in the case of non-
fertilization.
Trace the path of an egg cell
from formation to outside the
body in the case of
fertilization.


Explain how hormones
control the activities of female
reproductive organs and the
development of female
secondary sex characteristics.
Reproductive
System
Male primary sex organ =
testes
Sperm form in testes
Mature in epididymis
Travel through vas
deferens to the abdominal
cavity. (sperm can be
stored in the vas deferens)
The vas deferens curve up
and around the bladder and
empty into the ejaculatory
duct.
The ejaculatory duct
empties into the urethra
At the time of ejaculation
sperm leave the penis in a
fluid called semen.
The seminal vesicles, the
prostate gland and the
bulbourethral glands add
secretions to the seminal
fluid.

Each component of seminal
fluid seems to have a
particular function
-pH control- sperm are more
viable in alkaline solution.
(seminal vesicles, prostate
gland)
Energy- sperm require energy.
The seminal vesicle secretions
contain fructose.
Prostatic fluid makes sperm
more motile.

Semen also contains
prostaglandins, chemicals
that cause the uterus to
contract.
Secretions from the
bulbourethral gland makes
the semen gelatinous.
Female Reproductive
System
Ovary

Ovaries= Primary
female sex organs
each performing two
major functions:
producing eggs,
secreting hormones
* Ovaries in females
are homologous to
testes in males. The
term gonads refer to
the ovaries in females
and testes in males.

Fallopian Tubes
The Fallopian
tubes, also known
as oviducts,
uterine tubes,
and/or salpinges,
are two very fine
tubes leading from
the ovaries of
female mammals
into the uterus.
Fimbria
The fimbria is a
fringe of tissue near
the ovary leading to
the Fallopian tubes.
When ovulation is
about to occur, the
sex hormones
activate the fimbria,
causing it to hit the
ovary in a gentle,
sweeping motion.

Uterus
The main function of the
uterus is to accept a
fertilized ovum, which
becomes implanted into
the endometrium, and
derives nourishment
from blood vessels
which develop
exclusively for this
purpose.
Due to anatomical
barriers such as the
pelvis, the uterus is
pushed partially into the
abdomen due to its
expansion during
pregnancy.




Cervix
The opening from
the vagina into
the womb allows
menstrual blood
exit and sperm in.



Vagina
During live birth,
the vagina
provides the
route to deliver
the fetus from the
uterus During
birth, the vagina
is often referred
to as the birth
canal.

Vulva
The external genital
organs of the female
are collectively
known as the vulva.
In human beings this
consists of the labia
majora and labia
minora clitoris,
opening of the
urethra, and the
opening of the
vagina.