REPRODUCTION 1 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

DIRECTIONS: Read the questions carefully and pick the BEST CORRECT
ANSWER. Then check your choice against the correct answers at the
bottom of the page. Good luck.

1. About how many ovarian (Graafian) follicles reach maturity in a healthy

young woman, in the course of a year?

A. One if she becomes pregnant, none if she does not

B. About 12 if she does not become pregnant

C. A highly variable number depending upon sexual stimulation

D. Several thousand in the absence of pregnancy

2. The passages of the female reproductive system differ from those of the
male in that female tracts have direct communication with:

A. the gonads

B. mucous secreting glands

C. the peritoneal cavity

D. the urinary system

E. None of the above

3. The corona radiata, which is outside of the zona pellucida surrounding

the secondary oocyte, has to be penetrated by the sperm. In order for
the sperm to penetrate it, the sperm prior to fertilization have to:

A. destroy competing sperm trying to make it into the secondary oocyte

 B. combine with many other sperm to contribute enough hyaluronidase
for a path for it

C. Both A and B

D. Neither A nor B

4. Which of the following is/are NOT correct?

A. men and women become sexually mature at 21

B. ovulation occurs spontaneously when a woman has sex

C. pregnancy is most likely to occur if a woman has coitus during her

menstrual period

D. AIDS is more common than syphilis and gonorrhea

E. all of the above

5. Ovulation ordinarily occurs:

A. about 14 days before the beginning of the next menses

B. at the time when the basal body temperature shows a sudden rise

C. after luteinizing hormone secretion reaches a peak level

D. approximately 9 days after the end of the previous menstrual flow, in a

28 day cycle

E. All of the above

6. The most effective method of blocking conception is:

A. the rhythm method

 B. diaphragm

C. the "pill"

D. abortion

E. constant condom use

7. The clitoris:

A. is a canal that receives the penis during sexual intercourse

B. is the same size as the penis in sexually active women

C. is a membrane that partially covers or closes the opening to the

vagina

D. may become erect during sexual stimulation

E. is the primary female reproductive organ

8. Widening of the pubic arch in females occurs primarily at --?--; it makes

the pelvic cavity --?-- and facilitates --?--.

A. menopause/ more obtuse/ a negative desire to have sexual relations

B. puberty/ more oval/ development of a fetus

C. menstruation/ less irritable/ the menstrual flow or menses

D. puberty/ of the male more rounded/ his normal sexual prowess

9. A woman will still continue to have her menstrual periods after surgical
removal of:

A. both ovaries
 B. one ovary

C. one ovary and the uterus

D. both ovaries and the uterus

E. uterus only

10. Which of these is passed through THIRDLY by sperm during movement

in the male reproductive tract during ejaculation? (Note: use only the
terms listed below)

A. Seminal vesicles

B. Penis

C. Prostate gland

D. Epididymis

E. Cowper's gland

11. The structure(s) that each month thickens and become(s) engorged with
blood in preparation for receiving a fertilized ovum is/are the:

A. erectile tissues of the uterus

B. stratum functionalis of the endometrium

C. pelvic or urogenital diaphragm of the floor of the pelvis

D. corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum

E. all of the above

12. In women,
 A. whose ovaries have been removed, the concentration of FSH and LH
in the blood would be expected to be lower than normal

B. the monthly discharge of part of the superficial endometrial lining of

the uterus (menstrual flow) is initiated by the fall in estrogen and
progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum

C. ovulation always occurs 14 days after the beginning of the menstrual

flow

D. fertilization of the ovum occurs after the egg has become implanted in
the wall of the uterus

13. If a woman "never" had sexual intercourse in her lifetime, she would
never

A. have completed a normal oogenesis

B. have formed mature ova

C. Both A and B

D. Neither A nor B

14. The blood vessels, nerves, and ducts running to and from the testes
collectively form the :

A. spermatic cord

B. gubernaculum

C. inguinal canal

D. ureter

E. urethra
15 .Which of the following situations or conditions would promote the
formation of female genitalia at birth in a person with "xx" genetic sex?

A. Presence of fetal estrogen

B. Lack of fetal androgen

C. Both A and B

D. Neither A nor B

16. Which of the following cell types is diploid?

A. spermatid

B. spermatozoa

C. secondary spermatocyte

D. primary spermatocyte

E. both C and D

17. Which of the following is/are TRUE?

A. About 4000 of the total number of ova mature during a woman's life
time

B. The presence or absence of a hymen is a reliable method by which

to prove or disprove virginity

C. A male who produces about twenty million sperm or less is impotent

D. The acidity of semen protects the sperm from the alkalinity of the
vagina

E. Although millions of sperm are released in ejaculation, only one

sperm is needed to fertilize an ovum
18. Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

A. Menstruation usually lasts about 26 to 29 days

B. Puberty normally occurs between the 15th and 16th year of Life in
females

C. Since only males can be castrated, they alone can be sterilized

D. Being a eunuch’ is a unique experience

E. Fertilization usually occurs within the fallopian tube

19. Menstruation is initiated by a(n):

A. Sudden release of FSH from the hypothalamus

B. Sudden burst of LH from the anterior pituitary

C. Increased release of estrogen and progesterone from the corpus

luteum

D. Imbalance between FSH and LH

E. Decreasing levels of both estrogen and progesterone blood

20. If a young man was impotent, he could still:

A. Perform normal sexual intercourse

B. Have an occasional ejaculation

C. Reach an orgasm now and then

D. have at least a small erection

E. None of the above

21. Which of the following are described by the fact that "when dormant,
they produce small amounts of carbon dioxide that later accumulates
acidity and inactivates themselves"?

A. Testes

B. spermatozoa

C. Epididymis

D. Cowper's glands

E. Ova

22. Human sex cells:

A. Contain twice as many chromosomes as body cells

B. Contain 23 pairs of chromosomes

C. Contain about half as much genetic material as other body cells

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

23. As estrogen secretion increases during the menstrual cycle, at least

one follicle gets potentiated more than all the others. What happens to that
one follicle?

A. It atrophies because of the Potentiation

B. It becomes ripe enough to rupture at ovulation

C. Both a and b

D. Neither a nor b
=========================================================
=

The following 7 questions are in order:

24. Under the influence of ? from the anterior pituitary gland, a follicle and
its primary oocyte mature.

A. Luteinizing hormone

B. Follicle stimulating hormone

C. Gonadotropin

D. Estrogen

E. None of the above

25. The blood level of ? increases continually and stimulates the repair and
development of the ?

A. Gonadotropin; Graafian follicle of the ovaries

B. FSH; corpus luteum of the ovaries

C. Estrogen; superficial endometrium of the uterus

D. Estrogen and progesterone; vagina

E. Progesterone; functional part of the uterus and breasts

26. Just before the midpoint of the cycle, a small increase in ? and a large
increase in ? occurs. These events trigger the release of LH and eventually
cause ovulation.

A. Progesterone; estrogen
 B. Follicle stimulating hormone; estrogen

C. Gonadotropin; progesterone

D. Estrogen; progesterone

E. Luteinizing hormone; estrogen

27. The ruptured follicle is transformed into a(n) ? , which subsequently

secretes ? .

A. Corpus albicans; nothing

B. Corpus luteum; both progesterone and estrogen

C. Uterine tube; mucus

D. Blood clot; clotting factors

E. Graafian follicle; huge amounts of hormones

28. If the ovum is not fertilized, the ? atrophies and ? .

A. Graafian follicle; secretes less estrogen

B. Corpus luteum; secretes less estrogen and progesterone

C. Ovary; becomes less sensitive to gonadotrophin stimulation

D. Uterus; involutes

E. Pituitary; is sloughed off in the menses

29. In the absence of high levels of gonadal hormones, the stratum

functionalis deteriorates; ? and the inhibition of ? is removed.

A. Menstruation occurs; follicle stimulating hormone

 B. Ovulation re-occurs; sexual activity

C. Both A and B

D. Neither A nor B

30. When FSH levels in the blood increase,

A. New follicles and their oogonia are caused to develop again

B. menstruation will most likely occur

C. A pregnancy can be detected by checking to see if the renal

clearance or threshold for FSH has been surpassed

D. LH levels rise also and promote another ovulation in a few days

-----------This ends this sequence-----------

=========================================================
=

31. Steroids hormones__?__through the placenta

A. are secreted

B. are released

C. are destroyed

D. can readily pass

E. do not normally pass

32. The most common clinical significance of the female perineum is
related to:

A. childbirth

B. uterine cancer

C. vaginal infection

D. all of these

33. __?__ continues to increase near parturition, thus promoting con-

traction of the myometrium at labor.

A. progesterone B. estrogen C. prolactin D. all the preceding

34. The reason(s) that the contractions during labor expel the fetus while
contractions throughout pregnancy do not is because:

A. the latter are irregular and sporadic contractions

B. no rhythmic reflexes are initiated

C. both A and B

D. Neither A nor B

35. Uterine contractions that occur in a pregnant woman are stimulated by

A. estrogen B. oxytocin C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

36. The vagina

A. Lies posterior to the urethra

 B. Serves as the lower segment of the birth canal

C. Has the cervix of the uterus projecting into it

D. All of the above

E. B and C only

37. A passageway for both urine and semen is the:

A. vagina

B. penis

C. epididymis

D. spermatic cord

E. ureter

38. At ovulation, the

A. ovary will be released and enter the oviduct

B. Production of progesterone is at its highest level

C. follicular wall is ruptured and the secondary oocyte released

D. LH level in the blood stream is at its lowest level

39. The ovarian follicles become less sensitive to FSH and LH, the levels of
estrogen and progesterone are falling, while the levels of FSH and LH
increase. This describes

A. pregnancy

B. parturition
 C. lactation

D. menopause

E. graduation

40. The cap of the sperm cell that contains enzymes for penetration of the
egg coats is called the:

A. acrosome

B. lysosome

C. centrosome

D. autosome

E. chromosome

41. Pain during ovulation is called dysmennorhea.

A. true

B. false

42. Select the correct statement about the uterus.

A. The largest portion is referred to as the fundus.

B. The cervix is the most superior part.

C. The internal os opens into the vagina.

D. The myometrium is the outermost serous layer.

E. The endometrium is subdivided into two layers.

43. The first episode of menstrual bleeding is referred to as:

A. menopause

B. menses

C. menarche’

D. puberty

E. the curse

44. Which of these is/are "true"?

A. the movement of a sperm through the uterine tube is inhibited by

ciliary action

B. as a group, the structures of the female reproductive system that

surround the openings to the urethra and the vagina comprise the internal
genitalia

C. the secretion of luteinizing hormone releasing factor from the

hypothalamus is promoted by high concentrations of estrogen and high
concentrations of progesterone

D. all of the above

E. none of the above

45. Which of the following is (are) most correct about the uterine tubes?

1. The ampulla is the narrow constricted region.

2. The isthmus is the normal site of fertilization.

3. The infundibulum is the funnel shaped region near the ovary.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. 3 only

D. 1 and 3

E. 2 and 3

46. Which of these sequences is correct?

A. libido, erection, orgasm, coitus

B. erection, emission, ejaculation, orgasm

C. climax, orgasm, ejaculation, arousal

D. none of the above

47. The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to
the next is maintained through:

A. mitosis

B. meiosis

C. cytokinesis

D. DNA synthesis

E. all of the above

48. Spermiogenesis involves:

 A. the formation of 4 haploid cells from a spermatogonium

B. the formation of a functional sperm by the stripping away of

superfluous cytoplasm

C. the movement of sperm in the female genital tract.

D. none of the above are correct

49. The diamond-shaped area between the anus and pubic arch in the
female is the perineum.

A. true

B. false

50. Which structure is not a part of the external female genitalia?

A. mon pubis

B. labia minora

C. clitoris

D. labia majora

E. Vagina

REPRODUCTION-1 ANSWERS

1. About how many ovarian (Graafian) follicles reach maturity in a healthy young
woman, in the course of a year?

A. One if she becomes pregnant, none if she does not

 B. About 12 if she does not become pregnant

C. A highly variable number depending upon sexual stimulation

D. Several thousand in the absence of pregnancy

2. The passages of the female reproductive system differ from those of the male
in that female tracts have direct communication with:

A. the gonads

B. mucous secreting glands

C. the peritoneal cavity

D. the urinary system

E. None of the above

3. The corona radiata, which is outside of the zona pellucida surrounding the
secondary oocyte, has to be penetrated by the sperm. In order for the sperm
to penetrate it, the sperm prior to fertilization have to:

A. destroy competing sperm trying to make it into the secondary oocyte

B. combine with many other sperm to contribute enough hyaluronidase for a

path for it

C. Both A and B

D. Neither A nor B

4. Which of the following is/are NOT correct?

A. men and women become sexually mature at 21

B. ovulation occurs spontaneously when a woman has sex

 C. pregnancy is most likely to occur if a woman has coitus during her
menstrual period

D. AIDS is more common than syphilis and gonorrhea

E. all of the above

5. Ovulation ordinarily occurs:

A. about 14 days before the beginning of the next menses

B. at the time when the basal body temperature shows a sudden rise

C. after luteinizing hormone secretion reaches a peak level

D. approximately 9 days after the end of the previous menstrual flow, in a 28

day cycle

E. All of the above

6. The most effective method of blocking conception is:

A. the rhythm method

B. diaphragm

C. the "pill"

D. abortion

E. constant condom use

7. The clitoris:

A. is a canal that receives the penis during sexual intercourse

B. is the same size as the penis in sexually active women

 C. is a membrane that partially covers or closes the opening to the vagina

D. may become erect during sexual stimulation

E. is the primary female reproductive organ

8. Widening of the pubic arch in females occurs primarily at --?--; it makes the
pelvic cavity --?-- and facilitates --?--.

A. menopause/ more obtuse/ a negative desire to have sexual relations

B. puberty/ more oval/ development of a fetus

C. menstruation/ less irritable/ the menstrual flow or menses

D. puberty/ of the male more rounded/ his normal sexual prowess

9. A woman will still continue to have her menstrual periods after surgical removal
of:

A. both ovaries

B. one ovary

C. one ovary and the uterus

D. both ovaries and the uterus

E. uterus only

10. Which of these is passed through THIRDLY by sperm during movement in the
male reproductive tract during ejaculation? (Note: use only the terms listed
below)

A. Seminal vesicles

B. Penis
 C. Prostate gland

D. Epididymis

E. Cowper's gland

11. The structure(s) that each month thickens and become(s) engorged with blood
in preparation for receiving a fertilized ovum is/are the:

A. erectile tissues of the uterus

B. stratum functionalis of the endometrium

C. pelvic or urogenital diaphragm of the floor of the pelvis

D. corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum

E. all of the above

12. In women,

A. whose ovaries have been removed, the concentration of FSH and LH in the
blood would be expected to be lower than normal

B. the monthly discharge of part of the superficial endometrial lining of

the uterus (menstrual flow) is initiated by the fall in estrogen and
progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum

C. ovulation always occurs 14 days after the beginning of the menstrual flow

D. fertilization of the ovum occurs after the egg has become implanted in the
wall of the uterus

13. If a woman "never" had sexual intercourse in her lifetime, she would never

A. have completed a normal oogenesis

B. have formed mature ova

 C. Both A and B

D. Neither A nor B

14. The blood vessels, nerves, and ducts running to and from the testes
collectively form the :

A. spermatic cord

B. gubernaculum

C. inguinal canal

D. ureter

E. urethra

15 .Which of the following situations or conditions would promote the formation of

female genitalia at birth in a person with "xx" genetic sex?

A. Presence of fetal estrogen

B. Lack of fetal androgen

C. Both A and B

D. Neither A nor B

16. Which of the following cell types is diploid?

A. spermatid

B. spermatozoa

C. secondary spermatocyte

D. primary spermatocyte
 E. both C and D

17. Which of the following is/are TRUE?

A. About 4000 of the total number of ova mature during a woman's life time

B. The presence or absence of a hymen is a reliable method by which to

prove or disprove virginity

C. A male who produces about twenty million sperm or less is impotent

D. The acidity of semen protects the sperm from the alkalinity of the vagina

E. Although millions of sperm are released in ejaculation, only one sperm is

needed to fertilize an ovum

18. Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

A. Menstruation usually lasts about 26 to 29 days

B. Puberty normally occurs between the 15th and 16th year of Life in females

C. Since only males can be castrated, they alone can be sterilized

D. Being a eunuch’ is a unique experience

E. Fertilization usually occurs within the fallopian tube

19. Menstruation is initiated by a(n):

A. Sudden release of FSH from the hypothalamus

B. Sudden burst of LH from the anterior pituitary

C. Increased release of estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum

D. Imbalance between FSH and LH

 E. Decreasing levels of both estrogen and progesterone blood

20. If a young man was impotent, he could still:

A. Perform normal sexual intercourse

B. Have an occasional ejaculation

C. Reach an orgasm now and then

D. have at least a small erection

E. None of the above

21. Which of the following are described by the fact that "when dormant, they
produce small amounts of carbon dioxide that later accumulates acidity and
inactivates themselves"?

A. Testes

B. spermatozoa

C. Epididymis

D. Cowper's glands

E. Ova

22. Human sex cells:

A. Contain twice as many chromosomes as body cells

B. Contain 23 pairs of chromosomes

C. Contain about half as much genetic material as other body cells

D. All of the above

 E. None of the above

23. As estrogen secretion increases during the menstrual cycle, at least one
follicle gets potentiated more than all the others. What happens to that one
follicle?

A. It atrophies because of the Potentiation

B. It becomes ripe enough to rupture at ovulation

C. Both a and b

D. Neither a nor b

==========================================================

The following 7 questions are in order:

24. Under the influence of ? from the anterior pituitary gland, a follicle and its
primary oocyte mature.

A. Luteinizing hormone

B. Follicle stimulating hormone

C. Gonadotropin

D. Estrogen

E. None of the above

25. The blood level of ? increases continually and stimulates the repair and
development of the ?

A. Gonadotropin; Graafian follicle of the ovaries

B. FSH; corpus luteum of the ovaries

 C. Estrogen; superficial endometrium of the uterus

D. Estrogen and progesterone; vagina

E. Progesterone; functional part of the uterus and breasts

26. Just before the midpoint of the cycle, a small increase in ? and a large
increase in ? occurs. These events trigger the release of LH and eventually
cause ovulation.

A. Progesterone; estrogen

B. Follicle stimulating hormone; estrogen

C. Gonadotropin; progesterone

D. Estrogen; progesterone

E. Luteinizing hormone; estrogen

27. The ruptured follicle is transformed into a(n) ? , which subsequently secretes
?.

A. Corpus albicans; nothing

B. Corpus luteum; both progesterone and estrogen

C. Uterine tube; mucus

D. Blood clot; clotting factors

E. Graafian follicle; huge amounts of hormones

28. If the ovum is not fertilized, the ? atrophies and ? .

A. Graafian follicle; secretes less estrogen

B. Corpus luteum; secretes less estrogen and progesterone

 C. Ovary; becomes less sensitive to gonadotrophin stimulation

D. Uterus; involutes

E. Pituitary; is sloughed off in the menses

29. In the absence of high levels of gonadal hormones, the stratum functionalis
deteriorates; ? and the inhibition of ? is removed.

A. Menstruation occurs; follicle stimulating hormone

B. Ovulation re-occurs; sexual activity

C. Both A and B

D. Neither A nor B

30. When FSH levels in the blood increase,

A. New follicles and their oogonia are caused to develop again

B. menstruation will most likely occur

C. A pregnancy can be detected by checking to see if the renal clearance or

threshold for FSH has been surpassed

D. LH levels rise also and promote another ovulation in a few days

-----------This ends this sequence-----------

==========================================================

31. Steroids hormones__?__through the placenta

A. are secreted
 B. are released

C. are destroyed

D. can readily pass

E. do not normally pass

32. The most common clinical significance of the female perineum is related to:

A. childbirth

B. uterine cancer

C. vaginal infection

D. all of these

33. __?__ continues to increase near parturition, thus promoting con- traction of
the myometrium at labor.

A. progesterone B. estrogen C. prolactin D. all the preceding

34. The reason(s) that the contractions during labor expel the fetus while
contractions throughout pregnancy do not is because:

A. the latter are irregular and sporadic contractions

B. no rhythmic reflexes are initiated

C. both A and B

D. Neither A nor B

35. Uterine contractions that occur in a pregnant woman are stimulated by

 A. estrogen B. oxytocin C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

36. The vagina

A. Lies posterior to the urethra

B. Serves as the lower segment of the birth canal

C. Has the cervix of the uterus projecting into it

D. All of the above

E. B and C only

37. A passageway for both urine and semen is the:

A. vagina

B. penis

C. epididymis

D. spermatic cord

E. ureter

38. At ovulation, the

A. ovary will be released and enter the oviduct

B. Production of progesterone is at its highest level

C. follicular wall is ruptured and the secondary oocyte released

D. LH level in the blood stream is at its lowest level

39. The ovarian follicles become less sensitive to FSH and LH, the levels of
estrogen and progesterone are falling, while the levels of FSH and LH increase.
This describes

A. pregnancy

B. parturition

C. lactation

D. menopause

E. graduation

40. The cap of the sperm cell that contains enzymes for penetration of the egg
coats is called the:

A. acrosome

B. lysosome

C. centrosome

D. autosome

E. chromosome

41. Pain during ovulation is called dysmennorhea.

A. true

B. false

42. Select the correct statement about the uterus.

A. The largest portion is referred to as the fundus.

B. The cervix is the most superior part.

 C. The internal os opens into the vagina.

D. The myometrium is the outermost serous layer.

E. The endometrium is subdivided into two layers.

43. The first episode of menstrual bleeding is referred to as:

A. menopause

B. menses

C. menarche’

D. puberty

E. the curse

44. Which of these is/are "true"?

A. the movement of a sperm through the uterine tube is inhibited by

ciliary action

B. as a group, the structures of the female reproductive system that surround

the openings to the urethra and the vagina comprise the internal genitalia

C. the secretion of luteinizing hormone releasing factor from the

hypothalamus is promoted by high concentrations of estrogen and high
concentrations of progesterone

D. all of the above

E. none of the above

45. Which of the following is (are) most correct about the uterine tubes?

1. The ampulla is the narrow constricted region.

 2. The isthmus is the normal site of fertilization.

3. The infundibulum is the funnel shaped region near the ovary.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. 3 only

D. 1 and 3

E. 2 and 3

46. Which of these sequences is correct?

A. libido, erection, orgasm, coitus

B. erection, emission, ejaculation, orgasm

C. climax, orgasm, ejaculation, arousal

D. none of the above

47. The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the
next is maintained through:

A. mitosis

B. meiosis

C. cytokinesis

D. DNA synthesis

E. all of the above

48. Spermiogenesis involves:

A. the formation of 4 haploid cells from a spermatogonium

B. the formation of a functional sperm by the stripping away of

superfluous cytoplasm

C. the movement of sperm in the female genital tract.

D. none of the above are correct

49. The diamond-shaped area between the anus and pubic arch in the female is
the perineum.

A. true

B. false

50. Which structure is not a part of the external female genitalia?

A. mon pubis

B. labia minora

C. clitoris

D. labia majora

E. Vagina