W3(VN)- 3 Phng php MIG-MAG 32

PHNG PHP MIG/MAG

Ch danh thit b :
a) Trang b an ton cho th hn g) Dy mass
b) Gas h) B cp dy
c) Van gim p / Lu lng i) Dy dn
d) Ngun s cp j) Sng hn
e) Chnh in p hn k) iu chnh t xa
f) Dy th cp l) Cun dy hn
Cc trang b cn thit:
M hn vi knh en s 12 n 15
B gng tay hn , che chn , o chong
Bn chi thp
My mi cm tay.
Mn chn sng / gi
H thng ht nu lm vic ni thng thong km
Cc thut ng:
MIG : Metal Inert Gas : kh "tr" s dng khi hn thp hp kim v kim loi mu .
MAG : Metal Active Gas : kh "hot ha" khi hn thp thng , thp hp kim thp.
Kh tr : Ch yu l Argon hoc Hlium (kh dng pha trn thm).
Kh hot ha : Thng l (CO2) ,hoc Argon c trn thm Oxy (O2) , i khi Hydro(H2).

W3(VN)- 3 Phng php MIG-MAG 33
Kh hot ha l kh CO 2 hoc kh trn c ch s oxy ha ln hn 2 .
Xc nh ch s oxy ha ca kh trn ?
Chng ta c tr s tng ng : 1% O2 = c ch s l 1.
1% kh CO2 = c ch s 0,5 .
S nguyn l :



S lp t thit b


W3(VN)- 3 Phng php MIG-MAG 34

Cc phng thc chuyn dch kim loi :

Chuyn dch ngn mch (short arc) :
Cng trung bnh : 50 n 150 A.
B dy chi tit : 0,5 n 2 mm.
Cc git kim loi nng chy khng tch ri khi u mt dy hn cho n khi chng tip xc vi
vng chy v to ra s ngn mch .
Cng dng hn nh (< 200 A) v in p khng
cao (14 n 20 V) . Chiu di h quang ngn v chy
khng n nh . Kim loi chuyn dch sang b hn tng
git sau mi ln ngn m ch (s ln ngn mch thng
t 50 n 200 ln / giy). Kiu chuyn dch ny c
nhiu u th khi p dng hn lp ngu. C mt t vng
te khi hn v vic ny c th loi tr nh vo vic mc
thm cun khng hn ch tc bin thin dng
ngn mch . Cun khng thng c trang b sn trn
my v th hn c th chn hoc khng chn khi ng
dng . Khi hn ng c b dy di 5 MM hoc t 5 n
10 MM hn lp ngu , chuyn dch ngn mch l chn la tt nht. Cn ch iu chnh tube
contact nh ra ngoi khong t 3 n 5 MM bo m ESO khng qu di khin dy qu nng v
Gc nghing
khi hn
chuyn dch
ngn mch
W3(VN)- 3 Phng php MIG-MAG 35
chuyn dch ngn mch khng thc hin c . Tm li chuyn dch ngn mch thch hp cho cc
ng dng sau :
p dng khi hn lp ngu .
p dng khi hn trn tn mng .
Utilis pour le soudage en position
Cn bo m :
u tube contact c nh ra khi ming m phun t 5 n 10 mm khi hn lp ngu .
nh in cc (ESO) 5 mm.
Gc nghing m hn t 65 n 70.
Chuyn dch cu :
Cng dng hn trung bnh : 150 n 300 A.
B dy chi tit : 2 n 6 mm.
Git Cu : Cc git kim loi hnh cu kch thc khng u tch ri khi u dy hn vi tn s cao
c th gy ra lng vng te ln . Chuyn dch cu c ng dng trong cc trng hp sau :
Dng hn lp ph .
Hn tn c b dy ln .
Hn t th phng .
Xung : Vi thit b hn thch hp , chng ta c th gim kch thc git cu , tng tn s tch.Kiu
chuyn dch ny c nhiu u im hn kiu chuyn dch cu thng thng v c cc u im ca
chuyn dch ngn mch .
Chuyn dch phun (Spray-arc) :
Cng dng hn trung bnh > 300 A.
B dy chi tit > 6 mm.
Khi tn s chuyn dch tng ln , kch thc git cu
gim . Khi cc tr s vt qua ngng dng in ti hn
th ta c chuyn dch phun . Kiu chuyn dch ny cho
mi hn rt p , chy long tt.
c ng dng khi hn ph hoc lp hon tt
Hn trn tn dy
S dng khi hn phng
bo m c c chuyn dch phun ,
u contact tube phi nm trong m phun.
nh ESO khong 20 mm.
Gc nghing m hn 75 n 85.
Gc nghing khi hn
vi chuyn dch phun
W3(VN)- 3 Phng php MIG-MAG 36

Chn kh bo v c kiu chuyn dch :
Kiu chuyn dch / Kh CO2 Argon + CO2 Argon
Ngn mch C C Khng
Cu C C C
Phun Khng C C

kh hn MAG :
KH BO V KHI HN TH P CARBON
Thnh phn
Mu trn
c chai
(mi )
Mu trn
c chai
(c )
u im Nhc im
KH NGUYN CHT
CO
2


Gi r. Khng chy.
Hn tt trn tn r
st. Hn c mi
t th. C vng te
chp nhn c khi
hn ch ngn
mch. Ngu mnh.
Hnh dng mi hn khng p.
Mt m ihn b oxt ha . Kh
chnh ch hn .
KH HAI THNH PHN
ARGON +
CO
2



D chnh ch hn.
Mi hn phng , p.
b hn chy lang
tt. C th pha ch
theo nhiu t l khc
nhau.
Gi thnh tng i cao. Nhy
m v r st.
ARGON +
O
2


Oxy gip ci thin
tnh khng m khi
hn. C tng vng
te.
Ch dng khi hn phng.
KH BA THNH PHN
ARGON +
CO
2
+ O
2


Tnh Cht thay i
ty t l.
Gi thnh cao.

nh hng ca kh bo v i vi ngu :


W3(VN)- 3 Phng php MIG-MAG 37


nh hng cc thng s khi hn MAG v cch hiu chnh :
NH HNG CC THNG S H N
Thng s Gi tr B rng ngu m cao
Cng dng hn

Tc cp dy

in p h quang

nh ESO

Tc hn

Gc hn ko

Gc hn (y)


nh hng ca chiu di h quang :
Chiu di h quang c xc nh bi in
p hn , b rng mi hn ph thuc vo
chiu di h quang. in p cng cao th h
quang cng di v b rng mi hn cng
rng
nh ESO l khang cch t gc h
quang n u contact tube . nh ngn
qu s lm nng contact tube khin dy d
b dnh / kt . nh di qu lm dy hn
b nung nng qu cao dn n ch
chuyn dch khng n nh v cht lng
hn khng tt (ngu km , mi hn d b
thiu chy ) Khi tng nh th nng sut
p cng tng theo
















W3(VN)- 3 Phng php MIG-MAG 38
Chiu dch chuyn sung hn :
H N Y / H N TRI
u im / Nhc im Minh ha
Chi tit c nung nng trc khi h quang dch
chuyn ti (lm cho mp hn chy lang tt hn
). B hn nm sau h quang , ngui nhanh nn
mi hn d b bt. D quan st vng chy.
ngu km hn khi hn ko (phi). Bin nng chy
tt , t ngm x , mi hn phng


HN KO / H N PHI
u im / Nhc im Minh ha
B hn rt nng , v chy lang cao rt kh kim
sat. Bin mi hn chy lang km , d ngm x.
Mi hn c xu th m cao. ngu ln. Kh
quan st vng chy . Phng php hn thun
thch hp khi hn vi chuyn dch phun , tc
hn ln .


Dy hn thp carbon

Dy hn thp carbon l dy rn c hm lng hp kim thp, c ko vi chnh xc cao c
ng knh t 0,6 mm n 2,4 mm. Dy hn c qun thnh cun 15 n 20 kg Hoc cha sn
trong thng (trng hp hn t ng. Dy hn c m mt lp ng dn in v chng oxt ha
. Thnh phn dy hn nh sau carbone (C : 0,06 n 0,08 %), mangan (Mn : 1,0 n 1,5 %), silic (Si
: 0,6 n 0,9 %), Lu hynh (S : 0,025 %) v phospho (P : 0,025 %).

Mt dng in :
Mt dng in l cng i qua 1 mm
2
tit din dy hn.
V d :
Cng 150 A s dng vi dy ng knh 0,8 mm so vi 1,6 mm
Dy 0,8 mm Dy 1,6 mm
Tit din : 0,4 x 0,4 x 3,14 = 0,5 mm2 Ti tdin: 0,8 x 0,8 x 3,14 = 2,0 mm2
Mt : 150 A : 0,5 mm2 = 300 A/mm2 Mt : 150 A : 2,0 mm2 = 75 A/mm2
Nh vy dy 0,8 mm. Cung cp nhiu nhit hn cho chi tit v dy hn qu nng. Nn chn c dy
hn thch hp vi cng hn.


W3(VN)- 3 Phng php MIG-MAG 39




Chn ng knh dy :
ng knh dy hn mm Khang cng ng dng
0,6 mm 40 n 100 A Thng xe hi
0,8 mm 60 n 180 A ng mng
1,0 mm 100 n 300 A
Lp ngu mi t
th
1,2 mm 150 n 350 A Tn dy n 8 mm
1,6 mm 200 n 700 A Tn dy n 12 mm
Chn in p hn theo ng knh :
ng knh dy mm Kiu chuyn dch in p V
0,6 mm Ngn mch 16 -:- 17 V
0,6 mm Git cu 17 -:- 21 V
0,6 mm Phun 21 -:- 24 V
0,8 mm Ngn mch 17 -:- 19 V
0,8 mm Git cu 19 -:- 23 V
0,8 mm Phun 23 -:- 26 V
1,0 mm Ngn mch 18 -:- 21 V
1,0 mm Git cu 21 -:- 26 V
1,0 mm Phun 26 -:- 30 V
1,2 mm Ngn mch 21 -:- 24 V
1,2 mm Git cu 24 -:- 29 V
1,2 mm Phun 29 -:- 35 V
1,6 mm Ngn mch 26 -:- 29 V
1,6 mm Git cu 29 -:- 34 V
1,6 mm Phun 34 -:- 38 V
Quan h gia cng v in p hn :
Cng = (in p - 14) x 20
in p = 14 + (0,05 x Cng )






W3(VN)- 3 Dy hn MIG MAG 40
THONG SO HAN GMA (MIG MAG )
TREN THEP VA THEP HP KIM THAP
Chuyen dch ngan mach:

C day han
inches
Dong ien han
Amperage
ien the han
V
Toc o cap day
ipm
0.023
0.030
0.035
0.045
30 - 90
40 - 145
50 - 180
75 -250
14 -19
15 - 21
16 - 22
17 - 22
100 - 400
160 - 380
150 - 340
100 - 220
Cac thong so tren thiet lap khi han vi CO2 tren thep thng va , Ar-CO2 tren thep hp kim
thap

Chuyen dch phun :

C day
inches
Dong ien han
Amperage
ien the han
V
Toc o cap day
ipm
0.030
0.035
0.045
1/16
3/32
135 - 230
165 - 300
200 - 375
275 - 500
300 - 600
24 - 28
24 - 28
24 - 30
24 - 32
24 - 33
390 - 670
360 - 520
210 - 390
150 - 360
75 - 125
Kh dung cho cac thong so trong bang tren la Ar, 5 O2





















W3(VN)- 3 Khc phc khuyt tt hn MIG MAG 41



KHAC PHUC CAC KHUYET TAT HAN GMA(MIG)
Khuyet tat Nguyen nhan Giai phap
Kho moi ho quang
Cha m Gas
Het Gas
Sai cc tnh

Noi ien hoac Mass khong
tot
Mach ieu khien hong
Kiem tra van kh.
Thay bnh kh mi.
Cc tnh phai la DCEP
(Electrode +, Chi tiet -).
Kiem tra mass.
Kiem tra mach ieu khien , thay cac
linh kien b hong
Chay day (Burn-
backs ) va ho quang
that thng
Banh xe cap day khong
ung c
Banh xe ep day khong u
ap lc
Banh xe ep day cang qua
Toc o cap day qua cham
Contact tube b mon , dnh
Phong ho quang trong
contact tube
ien ap nguon khong on
nh
Sai cc tnh

Sung han b nong




Ong dan day b d hoac
mon
Kiem tra c banh xe cap day va hieu
chnh ap lc cho ung
Tang ap lc

Giam ap lc
Tang toc o cap day
Lam sach hoac thay contact tube mi
Lam sach hoac thay contact tube mi

Kiem tra ien ap cung cap
Kiem tra cc tnh la DCEP
(Day han +, Chi tiet -).
Thay sung co cong suat ln hn
(Hau het sung co dong ln hn 200
amps phai lam nguoi bang nc).
Kiem tra he thong nc lam nguoi
Bo loc hoac nguon cap nc
Thay ong dan day .
Ro kh
B nhot khi do dong kh bao
ve b roi
B nhot kh do dong han qua
cao
Day han b dnh dau hoac
ban


ieu chnh lu lng kh cho phu hp
vi c mo phun
Giam dong han hoac toc o han

Bao quan day ni kho rao khong b
nhiem ban , dau
Ch m bao b khi s dung
Bao che cuon day lap tren may , hoac
W3(VN)- 3 Khc phc khuyt tt hn MIG MAG 42





Banh xe cap day b ban
Ong dan day b ban
Kh bao ve b am



Mach nc lam nguoi sung
han b ro
Chi tiet b dnh dau

Vang toe t vung han qua
nhieu
Toc o nguoi moi han qua
ln

Banh xe e day b trt

Ong dan day han bi be gap
thao ra bao kn e bao quan neu
khong tiep tuc dung en trong thi
gian dai
Neu day han b d , r set nhieu th
loai bo cac b ban s dung phan con
lai
Ra sach va lam kho rao cac banh xe
Thay ong dan mi
Kiem tra iem sng (dewpoint) cua
kh bao ve
Khong dung cac chai kh co iem
sng tren -40F .
Sa cha sung han

Ra sach bang dung moi va chay sach
bang ban chai Inox
Hieu chnh cac thong so nham giam
vang toe
Tang dong han hoac giam toc o han
Neu can nung nong s bo chi tiet han
Tang lc e day hoac thay banh xe
mi hoac kch c khac
Thay oi v tr bo tr may tranh tnh
trang ong dan day b gap
Moii han b ban
Khong u kh bao ve








Day han b ban
Chi tiet han b ban
ieu chnh cho mo phun gan chi tiet
hn
Tang lu lng kh bao ve
ieu chnh goc o han
Kiem tra sung xem co b ro kh hoac
nc lam nguoi
Tang cng bao ve vung han bang
cac thiet b phu tr
inh tam lai Contact tube
Thay mo phun ln hn
(Xem muc tren).
(Xem muc tren).
Nt nong chan chim
(Hot short cracking)
Day han khong ung loai
Thiet ke moi han khong
ung

Thay loai day han phu hp
Kiem tra lai cac thong so chuan b
moi han (Khe h , be day chan , goc
vat ) Thay cac ga kep chong bien
W3(VN)- 3 Khc phc khuyt tt hn MIG MAG 43
Ga kep khong ung

Toc o han cham qua
Ky thuat han khong ung
dang bang bien phap chnh sai trc
khi han
Tang toc o han
Thay oi goc han hoac toc o ap
Nt uoi la
(Crater cracks)
Ket thuc han khong ung
ky thuat
Han ngc lai mot chut khi ket thuc
moi han
Han nhanh oan cuoi e co vung
han nho hn
Dung cac tam ga ( runoff tabs ) khi
khi au va ket thuc moi han
Khong u ngau
Chuan b moi han sai
Han nhanh qua
Dong han qua thap
Ho quang qua dai
Goc han khong ung
Kiem tra kch thc chuan b
Giam toc o han
Tang dong han
Giam chieu dai ho quang
Hieu chnh lai goc han
Khong u chay

Chuan b moi han sai
Ho quang qua dai
Moi ghep bi ban
Kiem tra khe h , be day chan , goc
vat Giam chieu dai ho quang
Tay sach moi ghep
Day cap nguon han
qua nong

C day cung cap khong u
ln
Cac cho noi day b long
Day cap nguon qua dai
Lam nguoi khong u
Kiem tra va thay the c phu hp
Kiem tra va siet chat
Kiem tra va dung c day phu hp
Tang lu lng nc lam nguoi
Kiem tra s ro r tren mach nc lam
nguoi



W3(VN)- 3 Hiu chnh thng s hn MIG MAG 44

Hieu chnh cac thong so han


Tham so


Hieu chnh
ien ap Dong han
*
Toc o han Goc han ESO C day Kh bao ve
Ngau sau hn

1
Tang
3
Han thuan
Max 25
o

2
Giam
5
Nho hn
4
CO
2

Ngau can hn
1
Giam
3
Han ngc
2
Tang
5
Ln hn
4
Ar + CO
2

Rong hn
1
Tang
2
Giam
3
Tang
a

Hep hn
1
Giam
2
Tang
3
Giam
a

Cao & hep hn
1
Giam
2
Han thuan
3
Tang
C
h
i
e
u

c
a
o

&

b
e

r
o
n
g

m
o
i

h
a
n

Phang & rong hn
1
Tang
2
Han ngc
Hoac 90
o

3
Giam
Tang nang suat ap
1
Tang
2
Tang a
3
Nho hn
Giam nang suat ap
1
Giam
2
Giam
a

3
Ln hn
1,2,3,4,5
: Th t u tien khi hieu chnh ( Vai tro quan trong cua tham so )
* Chnh thong qua toc o cap day
a
Hieu chnh ong bo vi toc o cap day e bao am dong han




W3(VN)- 3 Hiu chnh thng s hn MIG MAG 45