\akvImc¯n\pÅ kz^v^pw

AXnsâ {]m[m\yhpw



Malayalam

 
       

hnh. - I_oÀ Fw. ]dfn

FUnäÀ: kp^vbm³ A_vZpÊemw


    :

     :

!"#$ %&' !    

tIm]tdäohv Hm^okv t^mÀ ImÄ & ssKU³kv

d_vh þ dnbmZv þ kuZn Atd_y
  ! " #$"" %& $' #$
 (') *))+
 ,$ " +
-

1430
1430 – 2009
2009
 hnjb kqNnI
\akvImcw: {]hmNI amXrI kzoIcn¡pI 03

kz^v^v icnbm¡póXnsâ XmXv]cyw 04

kz^v^v icnbm¡póXnsâ t{ijvTX 04

Hómas¯ kz^v^pw AXnsâ t{ijvTXbpw 05

Hómas¯ kz^v^v ]qÀ®amt¡ïXnsâ BhiyIX 05

kz^v^pIÄ icnbm¡póXnsâ hn[n 07

AWn icnbm¡póXnsâ cq]w 08

kz^v^v icnbm¡póXnð ke^pÊzmenlnsâ coXn 10

cïv kwib§Ä 11

Ahkm\ambn 12

2
 -. /0 1 -"

\akvImcw:
mcw: {]hmNI amXrI kzoIcn¡pI

\akvImcw Ckvemanse DðIrjvSamb Bcm[\m IÀ½amWv. ]ctem

I¯v Hcp Zmk³ BZyambn tNmZyw sN¿s¸SpóXv \akvImcs¯ kw_
Ôn¨mbncn¡pw. \akvImc¯nsâ apgph³ \nÀhlWcoXnbpw alm\mb
apl½Zp \_n(kz) apAvan\pIÄ¡v ]Tn¸n¨p Xón«pïv. \akvImc¯n\p
thïn F§ns\ ip²nbmIWw, FhntS¡v XncnbWw, GXphn[¯nð
\nð¡Ww, F§ns\ \nÀhln¡Ww XpS§n \akvImc¯ne\pjvTn
t¡ï Hmtcm Ne\hpw kq£vaXtbmsSbmWv Xncp\_n (kz) ]Tn¸n¨p
Xón«pÅXv. Hcp lZokv {i²n¡pI:
amenIv _v\pð lpsshcnYv(d) \nthZ\w. \_n(kz) ]dªp: ""Rm³ GXv
hn[¯nð \akvIcn¡póXmbn \n§Ä Fsó Iïpthm, AXpt]mse
\n§fpw \akvIcn¡pI. \akvImc¯n\v kabambmð \n§fnsemcmÄ
_m¦v sImSp¡pIbpw, {]mbapÅ HcmÄ Cama¯v \nð¡pIbpw sNbvXv
(\akvIcn¡pI).''1
hfscb[nIw {i²nt¡ï Hcp Bcm[\bmbncpón«p IqSn, \akvImc
¯nð hnizmknIfpsS `mK¯p \nópw Ht«sd hogvNIÄ kw`mhn¡m
dpïv. AhKWn¡mhpó \nÊmc Imcyañ CXv. "{]hNIs\§m\pw \½fn
te¡v hcnIbmsW¦nð \akvImcañmsX, Xm\pw kzlm_¯pw \ne
sImï asämcp Imcyhpw At±lw Xncn¨dnbpIbnñ' Fó A_p±ÀZmC
(d)sâ {]kvXmh\sb apónð sh¨v Camw HukmCu(d) Hcn¡ð C§s\
]dbpIbpïmbn: ""\½psS C¡me¯v, {]hmNIs\§m\pw \½fnte¡v
hcnIbmsW¦nð, Xm\pw kzlm_¯pw \nesImï bmsXmcp Imcyhpw
At±lw Xncn¨dnbpIbnñ; \akvImcw t]mepw!''
alm\mb A\kv(d) ]dªp: "\_n(kz)bpsS Ime¯pïmbncpó bmsXm
ópw F\n¡nt¸mÄ ImWm\mIpónñ.' At¸mÄ HcmÄ tNmZn¨p:
"\akvImcsam?' "\n§fnt¸mÄ \nÀhln¨p sImïncn¡pó Cu \akvImc
asñ, CsXm?' At±lw Xncn¨p tNmZn¨p.2
\akvImc¯nsâ Imcyw t]mepw {]hmNIImet¯Xnð \nópw hyXykvX
amb \nenbnte¡v t]mIpópïv FóXnð BIpecmbncpóp \½psS
ke^pIÄ Fós{X tað¡ï {]kvXmh\Ifnð \nópw \mw a\Ênem
¡póXv. AXn\mð C¡mcy¯nð \½psS kPohamb {i² {]m[m\y
]qÀhw ]XntbïXpïv.
Aôpt\cs¯ \nÀ_Ô \akvImc§Ä PamA¯mbn«mWv \nÀhlnt¡
ïXv Fóv \ap¡dnbmw. AXnsâ {]m[m\yhpw {]Xn^ehpw F{XbmsW
ópw \ap¡v t_m[yapïv. A¡mcy§Ä Cu IrXnbnð hniZoIcn¡p
ónñ. PamA¯mbn \akvIcn¡pt¼mÄ \mw AdnbmsX AhKWn¡pó
kp{][m\amb Hcp k{¼Zmbs¯ kw_Ôn¨mWv CXnð {]Xn]mZn¨ncn
¡póXv. AYhm kz^v^pIÄ icnbmt¡ïXnsâ {]m[m\ys¯¸änbpw
AXnsâ t{ijvTXIsf¸änbpw.
1 ap¯^Jpð Asseln
2 _pJmcn

3
 kz^v^v icnbm¡póXnsâ XmXv]cyw
alm\mb Camw \hhn(d) FgpXpóp: ""kz^v^pIÄ icnbm¡pI FóXp
sImïv AÀ Yam¡póXv, BZys¯ hcn BZyw ]nsó ASp¯ hcn Fó
\ne¡v kz^v^pIÄ ]qÀ¯nbm¡pI FóXmWv. hnShpIÄ Hgnhm¡pI,
HcmfpsS s\ôv asämcmfpsS s\ôns\ hn«v XÅn\nð¡m¯ hn[w
tNÀóp \nð¡pI Fónhbpw kz^v^v icnbm¡póXnðs¸«XmWv.
Hómas¯ \nc ]qÀ¯nbmImsX cïmas¯ \nc XpS§m³ ]mSpÅXñ.
apónse kz^v^v ]qÀ¯nbmIpw hsc asämcp kz^v^nð \nð¡póXpw
icnbñ.'' 3

kz^v^v icnbm¡póXnsâ
icnbm¡póXnsâ t{ijvTX
kz^v^pIÄ icnbm¡póXnsâ t{ijvTXIÄ hyàam¡ns¡mïv
\nch[n lZokpIÄ D²cn¡s¸«n«pïv.
1. kz^v^v ]qÀ¯nbm¡n \nð¡póhsâ tað Añmlp {]iwk sNmcn
bpóXpw, ae¡pIÄ Ahóv thïn {]mÀYn¡póXpamWv Fóv hnhcn
¡pó Hcp lZokv ImWpI:
Bbni(d) \nthZ\w. {]hmNI³ ]dªXmbn AhÀ {]kvXmhn¡póp:
""kz^v^pIÄ ]qÀ¯oIcn¡póhóv Añmlphpw ae¡pIfpw kzem
t¯mXpóXmWv.'' 4
""Añmlp Xsâ ASnaIfpsS tað kzem¯p sNmñpI Fómð,
hnip²cmb ameJamcpsS kmón[y¯nð Ah³ Ahsc¸än
{]iwkn¨p ]dbpw FómWv. a\pjyÀ¡v A\p{Kl¯n\pw, ]m]tamN
\¯n\pambn {]mÀYn¡pI FóXmWv ae¡pIfpsS kzem¯p
sImïpÅ hnh£. Cu lZokns\ hniZoIcn¨p sImïv Camw
ap\mhn(d) FgpXpóp: AhÀ AYhm ae¡pIÄ AÀlcmb BfpIÄ
¡pthïn ]m]tamN\¯n\v tXSpóXmWv Fós{X ae¡pIfpsS
kzem¯p sImïpÅ XmXv]cyw.''5
2. C_v\p DaÀ (d) \nthZ\w. {]hmNI\cpfn: ""BcmsWm kz^v^ns\
tNÀ¯p ]q À¯nbm¡póXv, Añmlp Aht\bpw tNÀ¡póXmWv.
BcmsWm kz^v^nsâ ]qÀ®Xsb apdn¨p IfbpóXv, Añmlp
Aht\bpw apdn¡póXmWv.'' 6
tað ]dbs¸« lZokns\ hniZoIcn¨p sImïv Camw ap\mhn(d)
FgpXn: ""Añmlp Ahs\ tNÀ¡póXmWv FóXpsImïpÅ hnh£,
Añmlp Ahóv \òIÄ Gän \ðIpsaópw, Xsâ ImcpWy¯nsâ
]cn[nbnð Ahs\ DÄs¸Sp¯psaópamWv. Añmlp Aht\bpw
apdn¡póXmWv FóXnsâ XmXv]cyw, Ahsâ \òIfpsS B[nIy
s¯ Ah\nð \nópw \o¡n¡fbpsaómWv.'' 7

3 Að aPvaqA#v, 4/226
4 AlvaZv, lmInw, C_v\pamP (BcmsWm kz^v^pIfnse hnShpIÄ \nI¯#póXv, Añmlp Ahóv ]ZhnIÄ
DbÀ¯ns¡mSp¡póXmWv Fóv `mKw C_v\pamPbpsS dnt¸mÀ«#nð IqSpXembpïv.) Að_m\n(d) kzlolp
XÀKo_v h¯Àlo_nð kzlolmbn {]kvXmhn¨Xv, \¼À 501
5 ^bvZpð JzoÀ, 2/269
6 \kmCu, lInw, C_v\p Jpsska, (kzlolp XÀKo_p h XÀlo_nð Að_m\n(d) kzlolmbn {]kvXmhn¨Xv.
\¼À 5003
7 ^bvZpð JZoÀ, 6/236

4
3. kp\\p \kmCbpsS idlnð Camw kpbqXzn FgpXn: ""Hcp kz^v^nð
hñ hnSthm, t]mcmbvatbm ImWpó am{Xbnð AXp \nI¯m³
{i²n¡pI FóXmWv, kz^v^p tNÀ¡pI FóXnsâ XmXv]cyw.
kz^v^nsâ ]qÀ®X¡v `wKw hcp¯pó hn[w, hcnIÄ¡nSbnð
\akvIcn¡msX shdpsXbncn¡pI, hnShpIfpÅnS¯p Ibdn\nð
¡m³ hcpóhóv XSÊw\nð¡pI XpS§nbhbmWv, kz^v^ns\
apdn¨pIfbpI FóXnsâ XmXv]cyw. Añmlp AAvew.'' 8
4.
C_v\p DaÀ(d) \nthZ\w \_n(kz) ]dªp: ""hnShv sImïv
apdnªpt]mb kz^v^ns\ t\scbm¡m\mbn sNñpóhsâ ImeSnI
tf¡mÄ al¯mb asämcp ImeSnbnñ.'' 9

Hómas¯ kz^v^pw AX
AXnsâ t{ijvTXbpw
Hómas¯ kz^v^nsâ t{ijvTX hnhcn¨p sImïpÅ lZokpIÄ
\nch[nbmWv. Ahbnð \nópÅ Nne lZokpIfmWv Xmsg.
1. A_vZpdlvam³ _v\p Hu^v (d) \nthZ\w. \_n(kz) ]dªp: ""Hóma
s¯ kz^v^pImcpsS tað Añmlphpw ae¡pIfpw kzem¯v sNmñp
óXmWv.'' 10
2. CÀ_mfv _v\p kmcnb (d) \nthZ\w. At±lw ]dbpóp: ""\_n (kz)
BZy kz^v^pImÀ¡pthïn aqóp {]mhiyw ]m]tamN\¯n\v
{]mÀYn¡pIbpïmbn, cïmas¯ kz^v^pImÀ¡pthïn Hcp {]mhiy
hpw {]mÀYn¨p.'' 11
3. A_qlpdbvd (d) \nthZ\w. \_n(kz) Acpfn: ""_m¦nepw Hómas¯
kz^v^nepapÅ A\p{Kls¯¸än AdnªhÀ, AXv t\Sm³ Cgªp
sImïmsW¦nepw t\cs¯sb¯pambncpóp.'' 12

Hómas¯ kz^v
kz^v^v ]qÀ®amt¡ïXnsâ BhiyIX
\akvImc¯n\v \nð¡pt¼mÄ hcnIÄ ]qÀ®ambpw icnbmt¡ïXnsâ
BhiyIXsb¸än \mw IrXyambpw t_m[hmòmtctIïXpïv. {]hmNI
hN\§Ä AXp kw_Ôambn F´v ]dbpóp Fóv t\m¡pI:
1. \akvImcw ]qÀ®am¡n \nÀhln¡póXnsâ `mKamWv kz^v^v
icnbm¡pI FóXv. A\kv(d) \nthZ\w sNbvX Hcp lZokv ImWpI:
\akvIcn¡m³ \nð¡pó thfIfnð \_n(kz) ]dbmdpïv; ""\n§Ä
hcnIÄ icnbm¡pI, XoÀ¨bmbpw hcnIÄ icnbm¡póXv \akvImcw
\ne\nÀ¯póXnsâ `mKamWv. 13
2. \akvImcs¯ kw_Ôn¨v Añmlp Iev]n¡póXv ImWpI: ""\n§Ä
\akvImcw \ne\nÀ¯pIbpw sN¿pho³...'' (kqd¯póqÀ)

8 idlp kp\\n \kmCu, 2/93

9 _ÊmÀ, kzlolp XÀKo_p h XÀlo_nð Að_m\n(d) lk\mbn {]kvXmhn¨Xv., \¼À 504
10 C_v\p amP, AlvaZv A_qZmhqZv lmInw, kzlolp PmanCÊzKodnð Að_m\n(d) kzlolmbn {]kvXmhn¨Xv,
\¼À 1835
11 C_v\p amP, \kmCu, C_v\p Jpsska, lmInw. kzlolp XÀKo_p h XÀlo_nð Að_m\n(d) kzlolmbn
{]kvXmhn¨Xv., \¼À 489
12 _pJmcn, apkvenw
13 _pJmcn, ^Xvlpð _mcn, 2/209, \¼À 723

5
 \akvImcw \ne\nÀ¯Wsaóv hnizmknItfmSv Añmlp Blzm\w
sN¿pt¼mÄ, {]hmNI Xncpta\n (kz), kz^v^pIÄ icnbm¡póXv
\akvImcw \ne\nÀ ¯póXnsâ `mKamsWóv \s½ ]Tn¸n¡póp.
AYhm PamA¯p \akvIm c§fnð kz^v^v icnbm¡¯ Hcp¯³
t\cmwh®w Xsâ \akvImcw \nÀh ln¨n«nñ FóÀYw.
3. \akvImc¯nð kz^v^v t\cmwh®w icnbm¡n \nð¡pI FóXv
hnizmknIÄ¡nSbnse kvt\lt¯bpw sFIyt¯bpamWv ImWn¡p
óXv. tXmtfmSvtXmÄ tNÀ¯v, ]mZt¯mSv ]mZw tNÀ¯v AWnsbm¯v
\nð¡pó hnizmknIfnð kvt\lhpw sFIyhpw km[mcWam
bncn¡pw. AWnbnð hnShpïmIpw hn[w thdn«v \nð¡póXmIs«
lrZb§fnse hntZzjs¯bmWv {]ISn¸n¡póXv. A¡mcyw {]hmNI
Xncpta\n (kz) Xsó kqNn¸n¨n«pïv. \pAvam\p _v\p _joÀ(d)
]dbpIbmWv: ""\akvImc¯n\p \nómð R§fpsS kz^v^pIÄ
icnbm¡pI dkqensâ ]Xnhmbncpóp. Hcn¡ð \_n(kz) \akvImc
¯ns\¯nsbt¸mÄ, HcmfpsS s\ôv hcnbnð \nð¡pó aäpÅ
htc¡mÄ XÅn \nð¡póXmbn Iïp. At¸mÄ {]hmNI³ R§tfm
Smbn ]dªp: \n§Ä ]ckv]cw hcnIÄ icnbm¡n \nð¡pI Xsó
thWw. Asñ¦nð Añmlp \n§fpsS apJ§Ä¡nSbnð `nón¸pïm
¡póXmWv.'' 14
C_v\p lPdpð AkvIem\n(d) ^Xvlpð _mcnbnsegpXpóp: ""(Añmlp
\n§fpsS apJ§Ä¡nSbnð `nón¸pïm¡póXmWv) Fómð, \n§Ä
¡nSbnð i{XpXbpw ]Ibpw Dïm¡psaópw lrZb§fnð Ass\Iy
apïm¡psaópamWv A¸dªXnsâ kmcw Fóv Camw \hhn(d) hniZoI
cn¨n«pïv. HcmÄ Fsâ apónð Xsâ apJ`mhw amän Fóp ]dªmð
AXv sImïv \mw AÀYam¡póXv. Ahsâ apJ¯v XtómSpÅ shdp¸v
{]ISambn FómWtñm? AXpt]mse, kz^v^pIfnð `nóXhcp¯p
óhÀ AhcpsS a\ÊpIfnse `óXsb¯sóbmWv {]ISn¸n¡óXv.
_mlyamb On{ZX B´cnIamb On{ZX¡v ImcWamIpsaóXnð
kwibanñ. "Asñ¦nð \n§fpsS lrZb§Ä¡nSbnð Añmlp `nón¸p
ïm¡pw' Fó A_qZmhqZnsâ lZoknse {]kvXmh\ A¡mcyw
Duón¸dbpópïv.'' 15
kz^v^v icnbm¡msX tXmónbXp t]mse hcn\nð¡póXv \akvIcn¡p
óhcpsS lrZb§fnð ]Ibpw hntZzjhpapïmIm³ ImcWamtb¡pw
FómWv dkqð (kz)bpsStað {]kvXmh\bnð \nópw a\kvknemIp
óXv. ]nimNpw Ahsâ Iq«mfnIfpw B{Kln¡póXp Xsó apkvenw
lrZb§fnð ]Ibpw hntZzjhpw DïmIWsaómWv. \akvIcn¡póhÀ
Kuch]qÀÆw Pm{KX ImWnt¡ï kwKXnbmWv CXv. hnizmko
lrZb§fnð AIð¨ krjvSn¡pó kIeXnð \nópw Añmlp \½sf
Im¯p c£n¡pamdmIs«.
4.
\akvImc¯nð AWntNÀóp \nð¡pó coXn, KXIme kaql¯nð
\nóv hyXncnàambn, apkvenw D½¯nsâ am{Xw {]tXyIXbmWv.
\ap¡p am{Xambn Añmlp \ðInb B A\p{Kls¯¸än dkqð
(kz) ]dªn«pïv. lpssZ^(d) \nthZ\w. {]hmNI\cpfn: ""aäp
P\§sf At]£n¨v \mw aqóp Imcy§fmð khntijcmWv. Hóv:

14 _pJmcn, apkvenw
15 ^Xvlpð _mcn, 2/207)

6
 \akvImc¯n\v thïnbpÅ \½psS kz^v^pIÄ ae¡pIfpsS
kz^v^pIÄ t]mse B¡s¸«ncn¡póp...'' 16
CXc kaql§Ä¡nñm¯ Cusbmc\p{Kl¯n\v hnt[bcmbhscó
\ne¡v Hmtcm apkvenapw \akvImc¯n\pÅ AWnIÄ icnbm¡pó
Xnð IqSpXð kq£vaX ImWnt¡ïXpïv.
5. hnShpIfnñm¯hn[w AWntNÀóv \nð¡póXpsImïpÅ kp{][m\
amb KpWw, \akvIcn¡póhcpsS \akvImc¯nð AkzØXbp
ïm¡pw hn[w CSbnð Ibdn ]nimNn\v hkvhmkpïm¡m³ Ignbnñ
FóXmWv. {]hmNI³ (kz) Acpfn: ""\n§Ä \n§fpsS kz^v^pIÄ
t\scbm¡pI. \n§Ä tXmtfmSv tXmÄ tNÀóv \nð¡pI. \n§fpsS
ktlmZc³amtcmSv hn\b¯nð s]cpamdpI, hnShpIÄ \nI¯pIbpw
sN¿pI. \nÝbw, ]nimNv \n§Ä¡nSbnð H«I¡p«nsbt¸mse
]½n{]thin¡póXmWv.'' 17
]nimNnsâ ssI]nSnbnð \nóv AIepw tXmdpw \akvImc¯nð, Añmlp
hnsâ apónð ImWn¡pó Xmgvabpw `b`ànIfpw A[nIcn¡psaó
Imcy¯nð kwibanñ. ]S¨X¼pcm\p thïn \nÀhln¡pó \akvImc
saó Bcm[\bnð ]qÀ®ambpw apgpIm\mIpt¼mgmWv Añmlp
{]Jym]n¨ hnPbnIfpsS Iq«¯nð \ap¡v DÄs¸Sm\mhpI. Añmlp
]dbpóp:
""X§fpsS \akvImc¯nð `ànbpÅhcmb hnizmknIÄ hnPbw {]m]n
¨ncn¡póp.'' (apAvan\q³: 1)

kz^v
kz^v^pIÄ icnbm¡póXnsâ hn[n
Camw _pJmcn(d) Xsâ kzlolnð CÆnjbIambn \ðIpó Hcp
Xes¡«v, "kz^v^pIÄ ]qÀ¯oIcn¨n«nñm¯hsâ taepÅ ]m]w'
FómWv. kz^v^v icnbm¡pI FóXv hmPn_pw AXv Hgnhm¡póh³
]m]nbpamsWós{X, CamahÀIfpsS ho£Ww. {]kvXpX hnjb¯nð
\_n(kz)bnð \nópw Dïmbn«pÅ Ið]\Isf hniZoIcn¡pó lZokp
Isf ap³\nÀ¯nbmWv At±lw Cu ho£W¯nð F¯nbn«pÅXv.
C_v\p lPdpð AkvJem\n(d) ]dbpóp: ""\n§Ä \n§fpsS
kz^v^pIÄ icnbm¡pho³ Fó {]hmNI \nÀt±iw, \nÀ_Ôambpw
]men¡s¸tSï (hmPn_v) Ið]\bmWv Fó ho£WamWv Camw
_pJmcnbptSXv. "Rm³ \akvIcn¡póXmbn GXp hn[¯nemsWm
\n§sfsó Iïn«pfÅXv AXp t]mse \n§fpw \akvIcn¡pho³'
Fó {]hmNI \nÀt±i¯nse Ið]\m ssientbbpw, AXv (\akvImcw)
Hgnhm¡póht\mSpÅ Xm¡oXpItfbpw ]cnKWn¨Xp sImïmImw
At±lw B ho£W¯nð F¯nbn«pÅXv''. 18
"\n§Ä \n§fpsS kz^v^pIÄ icnbm¡pI Xsó thWw, Asñ¦nð
Añmlp \n§fpsS apJ§Ä¡nSbnð Ass\Iyapïm¡póXmWv.' Fó
lZokns\ hniZoIcn¡sh C_v\plPÀ(d) FgpXn: ""Cu lZoknð
(apkvenwIÄ¡nSbnð) Ass\Iysaó ]m]w kw`hn¡póXp kw_Ôn¨

16 AlvaZv, apkvenw, \kmCu, Að_m\n kzlolp PmanCÊzKodnð CXns\ kzlolmb {]kvXmhn¨ncn¡póp.

17 AlvaZv, kzlolp XÀKo_p h XÀlo_nð Að_m\n(d) kzlolmbn {]kvXmhn¨Xv. \¼À 491
18 ^Xvlpð _mcn, 2/210)

7
Xm¡oXpïv. AXp sImïp Xsó, kz^v^v icnbm¡ðv hmPn_pw AXnð
hogvN hcp¯póXv ldmapamWv Fóv a\Ênem¡mw. 19
\akvImc¯nð kz^v^v icnbm¡póXv "A`nejWobamb kpó¯p'
am{XamsWóv hmZn¡póhÀ¡v adp]Sn \ðIsh ssiJpð Ckvemw
C_v\p ssXan¿ FgpXn: ""hcnIÄ¡v hfhnñm¯hn[w kz^v^pIÄ
icnbm¡phm\pw, hnShpIfnñm¯hn[w ]ckv]cw tNÀóv \nð¡phm\pw,
BZys¯ AWn BZysaó \ne¡v ]qÀ¯oIcn¡phm\pw kzlm_n
ItfmSv \_n(kz) Ið]n¨n«pïv. IgnbptóSt¯mfw \ñ coXnbnð
X§fpsS Hcpan¨ptNcð GtIm]nXamIpóXn\p thïnbs{X B
Ið]\Isfñmw. kz^v^pIÄ icnbm¡pI FóXv hmPn_mb Hcp
Imcyañmbncpópsh¦nð HcmfpsS ]nónð asämcmÄ AbmfpsS ]nónð
thsdmcmÄ Fó \nebnð \nð¡póXpw A\phZ\obamIpambncpóp.
Fómð apkvenw D½¯nsâ \akvImc coXn C§s\bsñóv BÀ¡pw
AdnhpÅXmWsñm. t\cs¯ ]dª cq]¯nð kz^v^v \nð¡ð
A\phZ\obambncpópsh¦nð BZyIme apkvenw kaqlw Hcp {]mhiy
sa¦nepw A{]Imcw {]hÀ¯n¡pambncpóp. bmsXmcp {IahpanñmsX
aptóm«pw ]ntóm«pambn BfpIÄ AWn\nc¡pambncpóp. ]s£
A§s\sbmópïmbnt«bnñ. Fómð, A{]Imcw {]hÀ¯n¡póXv
\ntcm[n¨p sImïpÅ Ið]\IÄ \_n(kz)bnð \nóv IrXyambn
hón«pïvXm\pw. Hcp Imcy¯nepÅ {]hmNIsâ \ntcm[w, A¡mcyw
ldmamsWó hn[nsbbmWv \ðIpI.''20

AWn icnbm¡póXnsâ cq]w

\akvImc¯n\v kz^v^pIÄ ]qÀ¯oIcnt¡ïXv GXpcq]¯nemsWó
kwibw Nne ktlmZc§Ä¡pïmImw. {]hmNI \nÀt±i§fnð \nóv
AXnsâ cq]w IrXyambn \ap¡v a\Ênem¡m\mIpw. Hómas¯
kz^v^mWv BZyw ]qÀ¯nbmt¡ïXv.
Pm_nÀ _v³ kapdx (d) \nthZ\w sNbvXv ]dbpóp: ""Hcn¡ð \_n
PamA¯v \akvImc¯n\v hóp sImïv R§tfmSv ]dªp: ae¡pIÄ
X§fpsS dºnsâ apónð AWn \nð¡póXp t]mse \n§Ä¡pw
AWn\nópIqsS? R§Ä tNmZn¨p: dkqte, ae¡pIÄ X§fpsS dºnsâ
apónð AWn\nð¡póXv GXp hn[¯nemWv? AhnSpóv ]dªp: AhÀ
BZys¯ AWn BZyw ]qÀ¯nbm¡pw, hnShnñm¯ hn[w ]ckv]cw
AhÀ tNÀóp \nð¡pw.'' (apkvenw)21
BZys¯ kz^v^nð \nð¡póXn\v t{ijvTXbpsïóv Cu lZoknð
\nópw hyàamWv. AXn\mð Hómas¯ hcnbneWn\ncóv AXv
]qÀ¯oIcn¡m\mWv \mw IqSpXð {i² ImWnt¡ïXv. AXp
Ignªmð ]nsó ASp¯ hcnbpw AXn\p tijapÅ hcnbpw Fó
\ne¡mWv ]qÀ¯oIcnt¡ïXv.
Hómas¯ kz^v^neWn\nð¡póhÀ {i²nt¡ï kp{][m\amsbmcp
lZokv A_vZpñmlv _v³ akvDuZnð \nópw \nthZ\w sN¿s¸«n«pïv.
\_n Acpfn: ""\n§fnse _p²nam³amcpw {]mbw XnIªhcpw Fsâ
AcnInð \nð¡s«. ]nsó Ahsct¸mepÅhcpw, ]nsó Ahsct¸mep

19 ^Xvlpð _mcn, 2/210

20 ^Xmh, 23/394
21 A_q ZmhqZv, \kmCu, C_v\p amP Fónhcpw Cu lZokv tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pïv

8
Åhcpw \nð¡s«. \n§Ä thdn«v \nð¡cpXv, F¦nð \n§fpsS
lrZb§fpw thdn«v \nð¡pw. \n§Ä A§mSnIfnse tImemle§sf 22
kq£n¡pIbpw sN¿pI.'' (apkvenw)
tað kqNnX lZokns\ hniZoIcn¨p sImïv Hu\pð aAv_qZnsâ
IÀ¯mshgpXn: ""AXmbXv, {]mb]qÀ¯nbmbhcpw _p²nam³amcpamWv
{]hmNIsâ kao]¯v \nðt¡ïXv. F´p sImsïómð AhÀ¡mWv
IqSpXð ]IzXbpw, DWÀhpw, \akvImc¯nð kPoh {i²bpapïmhpI.
\akvImcat[y, {]hmNIóv hñ {]iv\hpapïmIpIbmsW¦nð, ]Icw
Cama¯p \nð¡m³ AhÀ¡v km[n¡póXmWv.''23
tað {]kvXmhn¡s¸« {]hmNIhN\¯nsâ XmXv]cysa´msWóv Cu
hniZoIcW¯neqsS \ap¡v t_m[ys¸«p Ignªp.
asämcp lZokv hmbn¡pI. A\kv _v³ amenIv (d) \_n(kz)bnð \nóv
\nthZ\w sN ¿póp. {]hmNI\cpfn: ""\n§Ä \n§fpsS kz^v^pIÄ
icnbm¡pI; Fsâ ]ndIneqsS F\n¡v \n§sf ImWm\mIpw. At¸mÄ
R§tfmtcmc¯cpw tXmtfmSv tXmÄtNÀ¯pw, ]mZt¯mSv ]mZw
tNÀ¯pw \nð¡mdpïv.'' (_pJmcn)24
C_v\p DaÀ(d) \nthZ\w. {]hmNI\cpfn: ""\n§Ä kz^v^pIÄ icnbm
¡pI, tXmfpIÄ tNÀ¯v sh¡pI, hnShpIÄ \nI¯pI, \n§fpsS
ktlmZc§tfmSv kuayX Im«pI, ]nimNn\v Ibdn\nð¡m³ \n§fpsS
kz^v^pIfnð CSa\phZn¡mXncn¡pI. kz^v^v ]qÀ®ambn tNÀ¡pó
hs\ Añmlphpw (ImcpWy¯nð) tNÀ¡póXmWv. kz^v^nsâ ]qÀ®X
apdn¡póhs\, Añmlphpw (ImcpWy¯nð \nóv) apdn¡p óXmWv.''
(AlvaZv)25
apIfnð D²cn¡s¸« lZokpIfnð \nóv \ap¡v a\ÊnemIpó kp{][m
\amb Imcy§Ä Xmsg ]dbpóhbmWv:
1. \akvImc¯nse kz^v^pIÄ {Iaw sXämsX t\scbm¡pI
2. tXmfpIÄ ]ckv]cw tNÀ¯v sh¡pI
3. ImepIÄ ASp¸n¨v sh¨v hnShpIÄ \nI¯pI
4. Xnc¡n _p²nap«pïm¡msX, ASp¯v \nð¡pó ktlmZcsâ ssII
tfmSv tNÀóv \nð¡pI
C_v\p Aºmkv(d) \nthZ\w. \_n(kz) Acpfn: ""\akvImc¯nð,
{]bmkw krjvSn¡msX, ktlmZct\mSv tNÀóv \nð¡póh\mWv \n§
fnse D¯a³.'' (A_qZmhqZv)26
Camw ap\mhn Cu lZokns\ hniZoIcn¨p sImsïgpXn: ""AYhm,
ASp¯p \nð¡pó Xsâ Iq«pImcsâ tXmfpambn Xsâ tXmfns\
Xnc¡n sh¡pItbm, kz^v^nse hnShp \nI¯m\mbn Dt±in¡póhóv

22 A§mSnIfnð sh¨pÅ XÀ¡hnXÀ¡§Ä, i_vZtImemle§Ä, A\mhiy hÀ¯am\§Ä XpS§nbh,

(Hu\pð aAv_qZv, 2/372)
23 Hu\pð aAv_qZv 2/372
24 \pAvam³ _v³ _ioÀ \nthZ\w. {]hmNI³ A§s\ ]dªt¸mÄ Hmtcmcp¯cpw ASp¯pÅ BfpsS
tXmfpw, ssI¯ïbpw, D¸qänIfpw tNÀ¯v sh¨v \nð¡póXv Rm³ Iïncpóp. (A_qZmhqZv, kzlolp XÀKo_p
h XÀlo_nð Að_m\n(d) kzlolmbn {]kvXmhn¨Xv. \¼À 512)
25 A_qZmhqZv, C_v\p Jpsska, lmInw, Fónhcpw dnt¸mÀ«v sNbvXn«pïv. kzlolp XÀKo_p h XÀlo_nð
Að_m\n(d) kzlolmbn {]kvXmhn¨Xv. \¼À 495
26 kzlolp XÀKo_p h XÀlo_nð Að_m\n(d) kzlolmbn {]kvXmhn¨Xv. \¼À 497

9
XSÊw krjvSn¡pamdv CSp¡apïm¡pIsbm sN¿cpXv FómWv
{]kvXpX lZoknsâ kmcw.'' 27
5. D¸qänIÄ X½nð ASp¸n¨v sh¡pI

kz^v^v icnbm¡póXnð ke^pÊzmenlnsâ coXn

kz^v^pIÄ icnbm¡póXnð CamapIfpw aAvaqapIfpw ImWnt¡ï
{i²sb¸än {]hmNI Xncpta\n (kz) Gähpw kpµcamb DZmlcW¯n
eqsS \s½ ]Tn¸n¨n«pïv.
\pAvam\p _v\p _ioÀ(d) \nthZ\w sNbvXv ]dbpóp: ""(\akvImc¯n\p
\nð¡pó thfIfnð) A¼n³tImð ap\IqÀ¸n¨v D]tbmK£a
am¡pwhn[w \_n(kz) R§fpsS kz^v^pIsf t\scbm¡nbncpóp.''
(apkvenw) 28
apkvenwIfpsS {]Yam[ym]I\mb apl½Zv \_n(kz) kz^v^v t\scbm
t¡ïXnsâ {]m[m\yw {]mtbmKnIambn ]Tn¸n¡pIbmWnhnsS. FbvXp
hn«mð e£y¯nset¯ï A¼n\v hfshm sshIeysam Dïmhm³
]mSnñm¯Xp t]mse kp{][m\amWv \akvImc¯nse kz^v^n\pw Fó
t_m[w C¡mcy¯nepÅ {]hmNIsâ IWniXbnð\nópw kzlm_nIÄ
DÄs¡mÅpI bmbncpóp.
\akvImc¯n\v \nómð hcnbpsS Hcäw apXð atäbäw hsc \Sóv
]cntim[n¨v t\scbm¡pó k{¼Zmbhpw {]hmNI\pïmbncpóp.
_ÀdmAv _v\p Bkn_v(d) \nthZ\w sNbvXv ]dbpóp: ""kz^v^nsâ Hcp
`mK¯p\nóv atä`mKw hsc \Sóp sImïv, R§fpsS s\ôpw tXmfpw
]nSn¨p icnbm¡n \_n(kz) R§sf hcnsbm¸n¨p \nÀ¯pambncpóp.''
(A_qZmhqZv)29
\_n(kz)bnð \nópw ]mT§Ä ]Tns¨Sp¡pó kzlm_nIÄ X§fpsS
PohnX¯nð Ah apgph\pw ]IÀ¯m³ AXoh XmXv]cyw ImWn¨hcm
bncpóp. C¡mcy¯nepw \ap¡Xv ImWm\mIpw.
A_q klvð _v\p amenIv Xsâ ]nXmhnð \nópw \nthZ\w sN¿póp.
""Hcn¡ð Rm³ Dkvam³ _v³ A^v^m\p(d)ambn kwkmcn¨p sImïp
\nð¡pó thfbnð \akvImc¯n\mbn CJma¯v sImSp¯p. Rm\pam
bpÅ kwkmc¯n\nSbnepw At±lw ]Ånbnse NcepIÄ sNcn¸p
sImïv \nc¸m¡pópïmbncpóp. A§s\ \akvImc¯n\v BfpIsf¯n
¡gnªt¸mÄ At±lw kz^v^pIÄ icns¸Sp¯m\mbn NnetcmSv
Ið]n¨p. Fñm hcnIfpw icn¡p \nóp Ignªp Fóv B hyànIÄ
At±ls¯ Adnbn¨t¸mÄ FtómSmbn At±lw ]dªp: \o kz^v^nð
t\sc \nð¡pI. ]nsó A±lw XIv_oÀ sNmñn \akvImc¯nð
{]thin¨p.'' (Camw amenIv)30
aqómw Jeo^bmb Dkvam³ (d) kz^v^pIÄ icns¸Sp¯pó Imcy¯nð
ImWn¨ {i²bmWv \mw apIfnð hmbn¨Xv. Hmtcm kz^v^pw hfbmsX,
hnShpIfnñmsX hcnsbm¯v \nð¡pópsïm Fóv t\m¡m³ At±lw
27 ^bvZzpð JZoÀ, 3/466
28 Cu lZoknsâ ]qÀ®cq]adnbm³ \hhn(d)bpsS idlv apkvenanð t\m¡pI, 4/157
29 \kmCbpw C_\p Jpsskabpw, C_v\p lnºm³ Xsâ kzlolnepw CtX lZokv dnt¸mÀ«v sNbvXn«pïv.
kzlolp XÀKo_p h XÀlo_nð Að_m\n(d) kzlolmbn {]kvXmhn¨Xv. \¼À 513
30 158  
        
  


  

10
{]tXyIw BfpIsf \nÝbn¨ncpóp Fóv hmbn¡pt¼mÄ CXnsâ
{]m[m\yw \ap¡v hyàamIpópïv.
kz^v^pIÄ ]qÀ¯obm¡mXncn¡pIbpw, AWntNÀóv \nð¡mXncn¡p
Ibpw sN¿póhsc ke^pIÄ imkn¨ncpópshóv lZokpIfnð \nóv
hmbn¡m\mIpw.
A\kn(d)ð \nóp Xsó \nthZ\w sN¿s¸«n«pÅ asämcp {]kvXmh\
ImWpI: ""At±lw ]dpbIbmWv, \akvImc¯nð R§tfmtcmcp¯cpw
tXmfpIfpw ]mZ§fpw tNÀ¯psh¨v \nð¡mdpïv. Csó§m\pw Rm³
BtcmsS¦nepw A{]Imcw sN¿pópsh¦nð hnfdnsbSp¯ IgpXsb
t¸mse Ah³ HmSnamdpóXmWv.'' (CkvamCueo)31

cïv kwib§Ä
kwib§Ä
tNmZyw: cïmfpIÄ am{Xw PamA¯mbn \akvIcn¡pIbmsW¦nð GXp
hn[¯nemWv AhÀ \akvImc¯n\v \nðt¡ïXv?
D¯cw: \_n(kz)bpsS PohnX¯nð \nópÅ Hcp kw`hw hmbn¨mð
CXp kw_ÔambpÅ kwib¯n\v \nhmcWambn. C_v\p Aºmkv (d)
\nthZ\w sNbvXv ]dbpIbmWv: ""Hcn¡ð Rms\sâ A½mbnbmb
ssaaq\(d)bpsS ho«nð cm¸mÀ¡pIbpïmbn. Cim \akvImctijw
AhntS¡v hó {]hmNI³ \mev dIvA¯v \akvIcn¡pIbpw ]nóoSv
Dd§pIbpw sNbvXv. cm{Xnbnð hoïpw Fgptóäv \akvIcn¡m³
XpS§nb {]hmNIsâ CSXphi¯v (]mÀiz`mK¯v FómWv thsdmcp
cnhmb¯nepÅXv) Rm³ sNóv \nóp. At¸mÄ Xncpta\n(kz) Fsó
At±l¯nsâ heXphit¯¡v ]nSn¨m¡pIbpw, A§s\ Aôv
dIvA¯v \akvIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp.'' (_pJmcn)
Camw _pJmcn(d) Cu lZnkv \ðInbn«pÅXv, "cïvt]À \nóv
\akvIcn¡pIbmsW¦nð, heXphi¯v Camant\mSv tNÀóp \nð¡ð'
Fó A[ymb¯nemWv. aAvaqw Camanð \nópw AItóm, sXäntbm Añ
\nðt¡ïsXópw, adn¨v heXphi¯mbn At±lt¯mSv tNÀóv, Hcp
hcnbnseóh®amWv \nðt¡ïsXópamWv {]kvXpX lZoknð \nópw
CamahÀIÄ a\Ênem¡nbn«pÅXv. "Rm³ \_nbpsS AcnInð sNóp
\nóp' Fó C_v\p Aºmkn(d)sâ {]kvXmh\bnepw kaambn \nóp
Fóp XsóbmWv hyàamIpóXv. C_v\p lPÀ AkJem\n ^Xvlpð
_mcnbnð CXv hniZoIcn¨n«pïv.
tNmZyw: Hcp hyàn ]Ånbnð sNñpt¼mÄ BfpIÄ \akvImc¯n\v
kz^v^v \nóncn¡póp. Ahkm\s¯ kz^v^nð X\n¡v \nð¡m\pÅ
CSw AbmÄ¡v e`n¨Xpanñ. B kµÀ`¯nð AbmÄ sNt¿ïsX
´mWv? Ahkm\s¯ kz^v^n\v ]ndInð At±l¯n\v Hä¡v \nóv
\akvIcn¡msam?
D¯cw: kz^v^nsâ ]nónð HcmÄ Hä¡p \nóv \akvIcn¡póXv
A\phZ\obañ FóXv s]mXp\nbaamsWóv BZyw a\Ênem¡pI.
Hcn¡ð kz^v^n\p ]nónð Hä¡p \nóv \akvIcn¨ Hcmsf Iït¸mÄ
\_n(kz) \o \akvImcw cïmaXp \nÀhln¡pI Fóv Ið]n¨Xmbn
lZokpIfnð hón«pïv.

31 aAvaÀ(d) lpssaZn(d)ð \nópw, lpssaZv(d) A\kv _v³ amen¡n(d)ð \nópw cnhmb¯v sNbvXXv. ^Xvlpð
_mcn 2/211 t\m¡pI.

11
hm_nkz¯v _v\p aAv_Zv(d) \nthZ\w. ""kz^n\v ]nónð Hä¡v \nóv
\akvIcn¨ Hcmsf Iït¸mÄ \_n Xncpta\n(kz) At±lt¯mSv
cïmaXpw \akvIcn¡m\mbn Ið]n¡pIbpïmbn.'' (A_qZmhqZv)32
kz^v^n\v ]ndInð Hä¡v \nóv \akvIcn¡póXnsâ s]mXphn[nbmWv
Cu lZoknð \nóv a\ÊnemIpóXv. Fómð, Ibdn\nð¡m³
kz^v^nð CSapïmbn«pw A§s\ \nð¡msX Hä¡p \nóv
\akvIcn¨Xp sImïmImw \_n(kz) B hyàntbmSv \akvImcw aS¡n
\nÀhln¡m³ Ið]n¨n«pïmhpI. F´psImsïómð Hcp kz^v^nð
\nð¡m\nSapsï¦nð B Øew ]qÀ¯nbm¡nbn«pthWw ASp¯
kz^v^n\v \nð¡m³ FóXv \nÀ_Ô \nbaamWv.
Fómð, PamA¯v \akvImc¯n\v sNó HcmÄ, Ahkm\s¯ hcnbnð
X\n¡v \nð¡m\pÅ Øew ImWpónñ F¦nð AbmÄ¡v Hä¡v \nóv
\akvIcn¡mhpóXmWv. A§s\ \akvIcn¡m³ At±l¯n\v X¡Xmb
ImcWapïsñm. Ignhnó¸pdapÅXp sN¿m³ Añmlp BtcmSpw
Ið]n¡pIbnñXsó.
Fómð, C¯cw kµÀ`§fnð Nnesc¦nepw apónepÅ kz^v^nð
\nópw Hcmsf ]nónte¡v hen¨p \nÀ¯n AbmtfmsSm¸w \nóv
\akvIcn¡mdpïv. kXy¯nð AXv ]mSnñm¯XmWv. A§s\ sN¿póXp
aptJ\ ]nónte¡v hen¡s¸Spó hyàn¡v Xm³ BZyw \nó kz^v^nð
\nóv e`nt¡ï {]Xn^ew \jvSs¸SpIbmWv sN¿póXv. am{Xañ,
]nónte¡v hen¡pI Fó {]hr¯n aX]camb Imcyw Fó \ne¡mWv
sN¿póXv FóXn\mð AXn\v {]amW§fnð hyàamb sXfnhpïm
IWw. C¡mcy¯nð kzoImcyamb Hcp sXfnhpw lZokpIfnð hón«nñ.
Hcp kz^v^v ]qÀ¯nbmhpIbpw, \nð¡m\nSanñmsX hcnIbpw sNbvXmð
Hcmsf ]nónte¡v hen¨p \nÀ¯n Aht\msSm¸w \nð¡pI Fsómcp
lZokv km[mcW ]dbs¸Smdpïv.33 sXfnhn\p sImÅm¯ ZpÀ_eamb
lZokmWnXv.
ssiJpð Ckvemw C_v\p ssXanb FgpXn: ""aXnbmb ImcWapsï¦nð
HcmÄ¡v (AWn¡p ]ndInð) Hä¡p \nóv \akvIcn¡mhpóXpw B
\akvImcw km[phmIpóXpamWv. kz^v^nsâ ]nónð am{Xta \akvImc
¯n\v Øew e`n¨pÅpsh¦nð, apónð \nóv Btcbpw ]nSn¨phen¡msX
Hä¡p \nóv \akvIcn¡póXmWv t{ijvTw FóXmWv l\^o aZvl_n
sâ ]£w; F´psImsïómð ]nónte¡v ]nSn¨phen¡póXp aptJ\,
hen¡s¸«h\v \akvImc¯nð A\mhiyamb A\¡w kw`hn¡m³
CSbmhpóXmWv.''34

32 CÀhmDð Keoenð Að_m\n(d) kzloslóv {]kvXmhn¨Xv, \¼À 541

33 Xz_vdm\n ZzCu^mbn k\ZneqsS D²cn¨n«pÅXv. knðkne¯pð AlmZokn ±zCu^ Fó {KÙ¯nð
Að_m\n(d) Cu lZokns\ ZzCu^v Fóv hn[n¨n«pïv. \¼À 921. Cu lZoknsâ Sn¸Wnbnð At±lsagpXpóp:
""Cu lZoknsâ ZpÀ_eX t_m[ys¸«p Ignªmð ]nsó, Hcp kz^v^nð \nóv Hcmsf ]nónte¡v hen¨v \nÀ¯n
AbmsfmsSm¸w AWn\nð¡póXv aX\nbaamsWóv ]dªpIqSm¯XmWv. F´psImsïómð GsXmcp
aXImcyhpw hyàamb sXfnhnsâ ASnØm\¯nð am{Xta \nÀhln¡mhq. AXn\mð, Ibdn\nð¡m\pÅ Øew
kz^v^nepsï¦nð A§s\ sN¿pIbpw, Øeansñóv hcnIbmsW¦nð Hä¡p \nóv \akvIcn¡pIbpw
sN¿mhpóXmWv. B \akvImcw kzoImcyamIpóXmWv. Hcp icoct¯bpw AXnsâ Ignhnðs¸Sm¯ Imcy¯n\v
Añmlp \nÀ_Ôn¡pIbnñ FóXv JpÀB\nsâ \nbaamWv. Hä¡v \nóv \akvIcn¨ hyàntbmSv aS¡n
\akvIcn¡m³ Bhiys¸« lZokv, ØeapÅ kz^v^nð AWn\nð¡pI Fó \nÀ_Ô _m[yXbnð At±lw
hogvN hcp¯nbXp sImïmIm³ km[yXbpïv. \nð¡m\nSanñm¯ kz^v^n\v ]ndInð Hä¡v \akvIcn¡póXv
AbmfpsS `mK¯p\nópÅ hogvNbmbn IïpIqSm.
34 Að CJvXnbmdm¯v, t]. 71

12
 Ahkm\
Ahkm\ambn
\½psS Zo³ a[ya\ne]mSnð \nesImÅpó Ah{Iamb aXamWv.
hnizmkImcy§fnseó t]mse¯só Bcm[\mImcy§fnepw IrXyamb
\nÀt±i§fmWv Ckvemw \ðInbn«pÅXv. AXnsâ sNdpXpw hepXpamb
apgph³ Imcy§fpw {]m[m\y]qÀhw XsóbmIWw hnizmknIÄ kzoIcn
t¡ïXv. F´p sImsïómð ]S¨X¼pcm\nð\nóv hlvbmbn e`n¨X
\pkcn¨v apl½Zv \_n(kz) \s½ ]Tn¸n¨XmWv Ah apgph\pw.
"\akvImc¯nsâ Im¼v `b`ànbmWv; kz^v^v icnbm¡eñ' Fó
Aew`mh a\ØnXn hnizmknIÄ¡pïmbn¡qSm. \akvImc¯nð `b
`ànbpïmIWw Fóv ]Tn¸n¨ AtX {]hmNI t{ijvT³ XsóbmWv
kz^v^v icn¡Wsaó ]mThpw \ap¡v \ðInbXv. AtXkabw, kz^v^v
icnbm¡póXnð hym]rX\mbn \akvImc¯nse `àn tNmÀóp t]mIp
ó AhØbpw \½fnepïmImsX t\m¡Ww. NnebmfpIÄ \akvIm
c¯n\nSbnð aptóm«pw ]ntóm«pw Nen¡póXv ImWmw. kz^v^nð
t\sc\nð¡m¯ BfpIÄs¡m¸n¨v hcn\nð¡m³ {ian¡pt¼mgmWv
\akvImc¯n\nSbnð C¯cw A\mhiy Ne\§Ä thïnhcpóXv.
\akvImc¯n\v \nð¡pó BZykab¯pXsó Fñmhcpw ]mZ§Ä
]ckv]cw tNÀ¯vsh¨v, hcnhfbmsX \nð¡pI Fó XmWv AXn\pÅ
t]mwhgn. XIv_od¯pð Clmdmanð {]thin¨v Ignªmð apgph³
{i²bpw \akvImc¯nð am{XamtIïXn\mð C¡mcy¯nð hnizmkn
IÄ IqSpXð {]m[m\ysaSp¡Ww.

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