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156


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157

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159

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11.2.2. Discrete
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Zero Order Hold .
First-Order Hold .
Discrete State-Space .
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160

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161

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162

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11.3.

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163

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164

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165

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166

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167

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168

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169

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170

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171

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var.time=[0:0.1:10]
var.signals=[sin(var.time)cos(var.time)]
:
Data .
, : [t,u].

, : [U].
,
, ,
, :
[var.time.var.signals].

Sample time .

Interpolate data ,
.

Hold final data value

,
, .
Function-Call Generator (Signals & Systems)
.
:
.
.
:

Sample Time
.
Gain (Math) .
: ,
y=k * u.

173

Gain .
Goto (Signals & Systems) .
: Goto .
From.
.
:

Tag ( );

Tag visibility :

local
.
.

scoped

,
Goto Tag Visibility.
.

global
.
Goto Tag Visibility (Signals & Systems)
.
: Goto Tag Visibility
. Tag Visibility,
scoped

, Goto Tag Visibility.
:

Goto Tag ( ).
Ground (Signals & Systems) .
: Ground
.
.
: .
Hit Crossing (Signals & Systems)

.

174

: .
:

Hit crossing offset .

Hit crossing detection

.

Show output port .

1C (Signals & Systems) .
: 1C ,
.

Initial Condition,
.
In (Signals & Systems) .
: In
.
:

Port number ;

Port width (-1

);

Sample time (-1

);

Data type ;

Signal type :

auto ;
real ;

complex .

Interpolate data ,
, ,
.
Integrator (Continuous) .
:

. rising, falling
either External reset.

175

.
external initial condition
state.

,
0. ,
.
Show saturation port.

,
.
Show state port.
:
:

rising ;

falling ;

either .
:

internal ;

external .
.
:
.
.
.
.
Logical Operator (Math) .
:

Operator .

Number of Input Ports .

Look-Up Table, Look-up Table (2D) (Functions & Tables)
( ).
: ,
. , , -

176

. ,
, .
Look-Up Table:

Vector of input values .

Vector of output values .

Look-Up Table (2D):

Row .

Column .

Table .
Magnitude-Angle to Complex (Math)
- .
:

Input .

Magnitude and angle .

Magnitude .

Angle .

Magnitude ,
.

Angle , .
Manual Switch (Nonlinear) .
:
.
: .
Math Function (Math) .
: .
:

Function (exp, log, loglO, magnitudeA2, square,

sqrt, pow, reciprocal, hypot, rem, mod).

Output signal type (autoreallcomplex)

( ,
, ).
MATLAB Fen (Functions & Tables) MATLAB.
: MATLAB.
:

MATLAB function .

177

Output width . (1
).

Output signal type {autolreallcomplex}

(, ,
).
Matrix Gain (Math)
.
:
=*,
, , .
:
Gain matrix .

Memory (Continuous) .
: Memory -
.
.
:

Initial condition .

Inherit sample time

.
Merge (Signals & systems) .
: Merge
.
:

Number of inputs .

Initial output .
MinMax (Math)
.
:

Function {minVmax} (
).

Number of Input Ports .

Model Info (Signals & Systems) .

178

: Model Info
, ,
Simulink.
:

Model properties ,
Simulink ( , , ..).

Editable text , .

Horizontal text alignment

.

Show block frame .

Multiport Switch (Nonlinear)
.
:
.
.
:
Number of inputs .
(Signals & Systems) - .
:
.
:

Number of inputs .

Display options .
Out (Signals & Systems) .
: .
:

Port number .

Output when disabled ,

, , .

Initial output .
,
.
Product (Math) - .
:
.

179

Number of inputs .
* /
, .

Saturate on integer overflow

.
,
.

Probe (Signals & Systems)

.
:
, ,
, .

.
:

Probe width .

Probe sample time .

Probe complex signal .

Pulse Generator (Sources) .
: Pulse Generator
.
:

Period (sec) .

Duty cycle (% of Period) (%

).

Amplitude .

Start time .
Quantizer (Nonlinear) .
: Quantizer
.
:

Quantisation interval .
Ramp (Sources) .

180

: Ramp
.
:
Slope .
Start time .
Initial output .
Random Number (Sources) .
: Random Number
.
:

Mean .

Variance - .

Initial seed .

Sample time .
Rate Limiter (Nonlinear) , ,
.
: Rate Limiter
.
:

Rising slew rate .

Falling slew rate- .

Real-Image to Complex (Math)
.
:

Input .

Real and imag .

Real .

Imag .

Real part , ,
.

Imag part , ,
.
Relational Operator (Math) .
: Relational Operator
:

181


==

~=

<

>=

>

:
9
Operator .
Relay (Nonlinear) .
: Relay .
:

Switch on point .

Switch off point .

Output when on
.

Output when off

.
Repeating Sequence (Sources)
.
: Repeating Sequence
(
).
:

Time values
.

Output values
.
Rounding Function (Math) .
: Rounding Function
.
:

Function :

182

 floor ;

ceil ;

round ;
fix ,
.
Saturation (Nonlinear) .
: Saturation
.
:

Upper limit .

Lower limit .
Scope (Sinks) .
: Scope .
.
,
.
.
.
Scope
.
.
.

.

(General-Axes-Number of Axes).

... Scope.
:
General Axes:
Number of axes
().
Time range .
Tick labels :

183

All ;
None ;
Bottom axis only .
Floating scope .
General Sampling:
Decimation .
Decimation.

Sample time
.
Sample time.

Data history:

Limit rows to last...

,
.
(
), .

Save data to workspace

.

Variable name ,
.

Format ,
:

Structure with time ;

Structure ;

Matrix .
Selector (Signals & Systems) .
: Selector
.
:
Elements ,
.

Input port width .

S-Function (Functions & Tables) S-.
: S-Function S -. S- -

184

 , ,
. ,
S- S-Function. S-
Simulink. Writing S-Functions. ( sfunctions.pdf help\pdf_doc\Simulink
MATLAB).
:

S-function name S-.

S-function parameters S-.

Sign (Math) .
: Sign
:
=1, >
= 0, =
=-1, <
: .
Signal Generator (Sources) .
: , ,
.
:

Waveform :

sine ,

square ,

sawtooth ,

random .

Amplitude .

Frequency .

Units :
Hertz ,
rad/sec /.
Sine Wave (Sources) .
:

Amplitude .

Frequency (rad/s) (/).

185

Phase (rad) ().

Sample time .
: - 1 ,
.
Slider Gain (Math)

.
: .
.
,
Low High.
State-Space (Continuous) .
:
:
' = +
= + Du.
:
, , , D , , , D.
Initial conditions
.
Step (Sources) .
:

Step time .

Initial value .
Final value ,

Sample time .
Stop Simulation (Sinks) .
: Stop Simulation
.
: .
Subsystem (Signals & Systems) .
: Subsystem
.
,

186

 ,
.
:

Create Subsystem Edit;

Subsystem,

.

In Out.
: .
Sum (Math) - .
:

Icon shape :
round ;
rectangular .

List of signs .
, I. '+'
,
' '
, .
: I+- ,
. ,
,
.

Saturate on integer overflow

.
,
.
Switch (Nonlinear) .
:
. 1 ,

Threshold, 2.
:

Threshold .

187

Terminator (Signals & Systems) .

: Terminator
.
, .
: .
File (Sinks) .
: File
- .
.
:

Filename .

Variable name .

Decimation (
n- ,
).

Sample time (-1

).
Workspace (Sinks) .
: Workspace
MATLAB.
,
.
:

Variable name .

Maximum number of rows:

(inf ).

Decimation (
n- ,
).

Sample time (-1

).

Save Format :
Structure with time ;
Structure ;
Matrix .

188

Transfer Fen (Continuous) .

: Transfer Fen
.
:

Numerator .

Denominator .

.
.
Transport Delay (Continuous) .
:
.
:

Time delay .

Initial input .

Initial buffer size .

Trigger (Signals & Systems) .
: Trigger () .
,
,
Trigger Type.
Trigger.
:

Trigger type ( ):
rising ,

;
falling ,

;
either
(rising falling);
function call , S;

189

Show output port .

Output data type :
auto ;
double ;
int8 8- .
Trigonometric function (Math)
.
: Trigonometric function
.
:

Function (sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2,

sinh, cosh, tanh).

Output signal type :

auto ;
real ;
complex .
Uniform Random Number (Sources)
.
: Uniform Random Number
.
:

Minimum .

Maximum .

Initial seed .

Sample time .
Unit Delay (Discrete) .
: Unit Delay
.
:

Initial condition .

Sample time .
Variable Transport Delay (Continuous)
.
:
.
.

190

Maximum delay .

Initial input .

Initial buffer size .

Width (Signals & Systems) .
:
.
: .
XY Graph (Sinks) (
).
: XY Graph .
.
:

min, x max, min,

.

Sample Time .
-1.
Zero Order Hold (Discrete) .
: Zero Order Hold
.
:

Sample time .
Zero-Pole (Continuous) -.
: ,
.
:

Zeros .

Poles .

Gain .

11.4.
1. .
MATLAB. .: , 2000.

191

2. .., .. MATLAB 5.0/5.3. .:

, 1999.
3. .., .., ..

MATLAB, Simulink, Control System. , , 1999.
4. .., .. MatLAB 5 .
.: -, 1999.
5. MATLAB. The Language of Technical Computing. Using
MATLAB. MathWorks Inc., 1999.

192

12.

Excel Simulink
.

12.1. .


:
BD(t) =

PRF(t).TXRTdt,
t=tb

BD(t) ,
t, .;
PRF(t) (profit),
t, /.;
TXRT (tax rate);
t , .
tb (begin) ;
tf (final) .

:
t=tf
CP(t)= I PRF(t>(l-TXRT>dt,
t=tb

193

 t
PRF(t) = CP(t) ' RN,
RN .
, .

12.2.
Simulink
Simulink-
-,
.
,
.

.

.

, ,
, .
. 12.1.

,

. CapF.
, .
, .
CapS.
( )
PrfF
Rntb.

Rntb.

 [0.2:0.2.0:8].
Matlab ,
20%
20% 80%.


Matlab.
;/ '

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- - ~ Toe's

D
fI

Discrete Valiant

TaxRate
.2.0_2:08]
*

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Scopel

Display

Rea I002

. 12.1
,
Scope 1

CapS.
( )
TaxRate.
TxF.

TaxRate.
[0:0.1:1:0].
,

195

 0% 10%
100%.

Matlab.
.
TxF
BdjS. Scope
. Display
BdjS.


, .

,
.
:
, ,
.

.



Matlab Simulink.

.

Scope
Display.

-: .

.
,
.

196



, ,
, , .
,
,
.
Matlab ..

12.3

. ,
,
.
%Optimal profit tax rate simulation
%File: C:\CsrJVttLb\TxRt\TaxRate_DscM.m and TaxRate_Dsc.mdl

path(path,'C:\Csr_MtLb\TxRt') %Set model Path

open_system('TaxRate_Dsc') %Load TaxRate_Dsc.mdl
TaxRate=[0:0.05:0.7] %-
for Rntb = 0.2:0.2:1 % -
sim('TaxRate_Dsc') %Run model
plot(TaxRate, ScopeData(end,2:end)) %
hold on %
grid %
end
hold off %3
% = = = end TaxRate_DscM.m program = = = = = = = = = = = =

m-
.
.

. .-

Simulink Simulink
.mdl.

.

 open_system
.
;
TaxRate
.
8 14 for

.
sim
,
.
plot
. 12.5, (work space)
Matlab, Scope.
hold on
,
.
.
. 12.2.
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open_system
TaxRate-[0:0
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= 1*1 Taxru,
_
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il

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. /2.2. SH<)
.
198


-
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Scope
() .

,
plot Matlab.

12.4. 1.
.


.
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.
,
.

. 12.3.

. 12.3. .

199

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, 12.4, ,

, .
3 .. .

: ,

.

12.5. 2.
.
-
.
, .. .
Matlab
TaxRate_DscM.m. .

200

 .
Tools > Run.
Matlab

, . 12.5.
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Fid EtUi

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201


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3. .
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202

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.
9. .
10.
.
11.
.

1. .. . . .: ,
1997.
2. .., ..
// . 1996. 8.

203

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.
.
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.

. , 80
OPEC,
,
.

.
, ,
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, , .

13.
.
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204

 .
, .
. ,
.
:
.


: , , ,
.

Dmd = Do-Kd*P r c ,
: Dmd cnpoc(demand) ;
DO ;
Kd ;
(price) .

S p l =S 0 + K s *P r c ,
: Spi (1) ;
SQ ;
Ks ;
(price) .

Simulink.
-
. 13.1.

, .

DmdFn. ,
.
:
u = Prc, Do =100,1^=10.

205

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idil

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SplFnl

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. 13.1 - .
.


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.
Spl,
.
SplFnl
.
, .
,
Spl .

DmdFn.

206

13.1. .
.

.

Scope.
,
.
,

.

. ,

.
Matlab
.

.

, ..
.

Matlab.

Matlab . 13.2.
%Market equlibrim price simulation
%File: C:\Csr_MtLb\DmdSplEquM.m
%1.Simulate static functions, plot its
%2.Simulate price dynamic, plot price Web graphics
Cff

207

%Set model Path

path(path,'C:\Csr_MtLb\MrktEqlPrc')
% = = = = = =
=
= = = %
1.Simulate static functions, plot its
%Load and Run DmdSplEqu.mdl
open_system('DmdSplEqu')
sim('DmdSpffiqu')%Write Vars into WS from Scope
%Plot Static features
plot(ScopeData(:,2),ScopeData(:,3:4))
hold on
grid
(5)%
%
%==
===============
%2.Simulate price dynamic
sim('DmdSplEqu')
%=========^l

=~-=^,

%3. plot price Web graphics

for i = 2:11 %
line([ScopeData(i-l,2) ScopeData(i,2)],[ScopeData(i,4) ScopeData(i,4)])
line([ScopeData(i,2) ScopeData(i,2)],[ScopeData(i,4) ScopeData(i+l,4)])
end
hold off

Puc. 13.2. -
.

%
. path
. open
system - Simulink.
sim . Plot
. Hold on
. Grid
. .
pause 5

208


.

. Sim
. . Scopes

Matlab workspace.
for, ,

.
133,
: - - .

'

'

'

*Harlcet equlLbriB price s*.

l i e : C:\Csr_HtLb\DB!dSFl
41.Simulate static functi'
42.Simulate price .
bSe-, laodel Path
path(path, "^ .
*1.Simulate static functi j
%Load and Run DmclSplEqa.K~
if

Prc
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Transport

i Figure No 1

. 13.3.
.

209

 /
Matlab -
Sunulmk. Scope, Scope 1
,
.
,
Matlab.

13.3. 1.
.
Matlab -
DmdSplEquM m. .
Tools>Run.
. Simuhnk
.
Scope Figure.
Scope 1 . 134.

. 13,4 , -
.

210

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L-lGl *l
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. 13.6.

s.

100

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20

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. 13.6.
.
211

13.4. 2.

.

DQ DmdFn SplFnl
.

SQ SplFn
.

13.5. 3.

.

IQ DmdFn SplFnl
.

Ks SplFn
.
Ks
. Ks=Kd
. .
, ..
. Ks > Kd
, ,
.
, .

.
:
1, .

212

2. : ,
, .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. : ,
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2. .
3. .
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5. .
6. .
7. .
8.
.
9. .
10. ,
.
11.
.
12.
.
13.
.
14.
.
15.
.

1. .., .. . .:
-, 1995.

213

2. ..
. : -,1996.
3. .. . .: ,
1997.
4. .
. ., .: , 1999.
5. ., . . .: ,
1992.

14.


.

. , ,
.
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.
, 1962
, .
- .
, . ,
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.
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.
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215

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, .
, ,
. , , ,
.

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, .
,

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.
- Simulink
. 14. L
[IpaikpidcLNoScp
Rle <

View

Simulation

Fotmat

D & &

Toils

, .

( , .
.


1
\/
1
-|
s
Constant Inttgiatct

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FfciipikT

lnPrtt

vC

'

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^v)
^k

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,

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. 14.1, . .
216

 70 , ,
5-10
. ,


.

() NeedPrk
( ),
, :
(
Prdct),
InPrk ( ),
OutPrk (
, ).

, RealPrk (
, ).


CurDtnd. Saturation ()
,
:
CurDmd ^ 0.

.
, ,
( ).

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Scope -

 , .
,
, .
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.
.
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r 'I* ^ ev _
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. 14.2. Simulink
Scope.
. 14.3.

Simulink. .
Scopel. Matlab.
Scope.

218

i
t
S

jj

^
*

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Discrete
Functions 8, Tables
Math
4j Nonlnea
4 Signals J, Systems
i-J Smks
iJ Sixices

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get started, typo one

For product information,

PMC. 1^.5. '.

.

14.3. 1.

.

Matlab .
Simulink ParkPrdct mdl.
Simulation>start. Scope

, . 14.4 14.5.

219

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, , Scopel.

. 14.5.
, , Scope.
220


.
,
, .
, . ,

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, .

14.4. 2,

.

, ,
.
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.


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221

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5.
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6. .
7. ,
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8.
.

222

9. .
10.
.
11.
: ,
, .

1. .. . . ., , 1992.
2. ., . . .: ,
1992.
3. ..
. .: .., ..
- . .: ,
1981.

223

..
..
. .
14.03.2002.
84x108/32. .
. .-. . 6,49.
. . . 11,76. 3000 . 945

005-93 2; 953005 , ,


77.99.02.953..000494.01.01 31.01.2001 .
.
05518 01.08.01
107066, , . . 4, . 1.
E-mail: examen@cityline.ru
./ 263-96-60.


424000, . -, . , 112

.: 263-96-60.