. .

"
.. , .. , ..

GAMBIT

FLUENT
-



2009
1
621.438.001.2
39.55
28
euensen1: p-p. 1exn. nayk, npoq. . . ananeea
..
28 oc1poenne pace1nLx Hopenen a npenpoueccope Gamb!
ynnaepcanLnoro nporpaHHnoro koHnnekca "#$%&!: ye.
nocone/ '()( *+ ,()( *+ )(,( - .
aHapa: sp-ao aHap. roc. aapokocH. yn-1a, 2009. - 172c.:
nn.
lSBN 5-7883-0376-1
pannoH yenoH noconn paccHo1penL aonpocL nopro1oakn
pace1nLx Hopenen a npenpoueccope Gamb!, cospannn nnn
nHnop1a Hopenen ns CAD nporpaHH, pasnennn nx c noHouLk
konenoaneHen1non ce1kn n nasnaennn rpannnLx ycnoann.
ocone paspao1ano na kaqeppe 1eopnn panra1enen
ne1a1enLnLx annapa1oa n npepnasnaeno pnn c1ypen1oa,
oyakunxcn no kypcaH exannka npkoc1en n rasoa, eopnn
n pace1 nona1onLx Haunn, eopnn, pace1 n npoek1npoaanne
aanaunonnLx panra1enen n anepre1necknx yc1anoaok, eopnn
aanaunonnLx panra1enen, rpera1L nappyaa panra1enen, a
1ake pnn caHoc1on1enLnon pao1L pnnnoHnnkoa, acnnpan1oa n
naynLx pao1nnkoa, Ln nccnepoaannn cansanL c rnppora-
sopnnaHnkon n 1ennooHenoH.
621.438.001.2
39.55
lSBN 978-5-7883-0522-6 a1ypnn .., a1ypnn ..,
a1aeea .., 2009
2
aHapcknn rocypapc1aennLn
aapokocHnecknn ynnaepcn1e1,
2009

cnoanLe ycnoanLe oosnaennn

6
aepenne
8
1. une caepennn o pao1e a nporpaHHe Gamb! 11
1.1. epxnee Henk nporpaHHL Gamb! 16
1.1.1. ao1a c qannaHn a Gamb!
17
1.1.2. ao1a c ypnanLnLH qannoH
20
1.1.3. Hnop1 reoHe1pnn n pace1nLx Hopenen a npo-
rpaHHy Gamb!
22
1.1.4. kcnop1 pace1nLx ce1ok n reoHe1pnn
25
1.2. nonkn ynpaanennn anpaHn 25
1.3. cnonLsoaanne HLun a nporpaHHe Gamb! 29
1.4. nnoaan c1pyk1ypa Henk nporpaHHL Gamb! 29
1.5. apanne ocen apauennn n aek1opoa a nporpaHHe
Gamb!
32
2. ospanne n pepak1npoaanne reoHe1pnn pace1non
onac1n a nporpaHHe Gamb!
35
2.1. oc1poenne aneHen1oa reoHe1pnn 38
2.1.1. oc1poenne 1oek
40
2.1.2. oc1poenne nnnnn
41
2.1.3. oc1poenne noaepxnoc1en
45
2.1.4. oc1poenne o1eHoa
48
2.2. epeHeuenne n konnpoaanne aneHen1oa reoHe1pnn 51
2.2.1. epeHeuenne n konnpoaanne aneHen1oa
reoHe1pnn c noHouLk koHanpL m/0%12/34
51
2.2.2. epeHeuenne aneHen1oa reoHe1pnn c
noHouLk koHanpL 5#6&
53
2.3. noenne, aLn1anne n nepeceenne o1eHoa n
noaepxnoc1en
54
2.4. aspenenne aneHen1oa reoHe1pnn na ac1n n
o1epnnenne neckonLknx reoHe1pnecknx aneHen1oa a
opnn
56
2.5. 1epnnenne coanapakunx o1ek1oa 60
3
2.6. panenne aneHen1oa reoHe1pnn 61
2.7. pynna Henk pepak1npoaannn a1pny1oa 62
2.8. nepaunn c nokanLnLHn cnc1eHaHn kooppnna1 63
2.9. pnHepL noc1poennn pace1nLx Hopenen 65
2.9.1. pnHep noc1poennn 1pexHepnon pace1non Ho-
penn na ocnoae npnHn1nanon reoHe1pnn
65
2.9.2. pnHep noc1poennn pace1non Hopenn He-
nona1onoro kanana oceaon 1ypnnL
73
2.9.3. pnHep noc1poennn payxHepnon Hopenn uen-
1poenoro aen1nnn1opa
88
2.9.4. pnHep noc1poenne o1eHnon pace1non Ho-
penn o1ekannn sonpa
95
3. cnoanLe npnnunnL noc1poennn konenoaneHen1non
ce1kn a nporpaHHe Gamb!
99
3.1. cnoanLe nopxopL k pasnennk pace1non onac1n
na konenLe aneHen1L
99
3.2. anenne na konenLe aneHen1L pace1non
onac1n a nporpaHHe Gamb!
102
3.2.1. asnenne nnnnn na konenLe aneHen1L
107
3.2.2. asnenne noaepxnoc1en na konenLe
aneHen1L
110
3.2.3. asnenne o1eHoa na konenLe aneHen1L
112
3.2.4. ansannoe pasnenne aneHen1oa reoHe1pnn
114
3.2.5. panenne ce1ok
117
3.3. 1pyk1ypnoe pasnenne npnc1enonLx onac1en 117
3.4. ryuenne konenoaneHen1non ce1kn c noHouLk
pasHepnon qynkunn (78% "$&2!/&)
123
3.5. uenka kaec1aa ce1kn 127
3.6 pnHepL pasnennn pace1non onac1n na konenLe
aneHen1L
132
3.6.1. pnHep noc1poennn konenoaneHen1non ce1kn
na nnnnnx n noaepxnoc1nx
132
3.6.2. pnHep noc1poennn nec1pyk1ypnpoannnon ko-
neno-aneHen1non ce1kn Hopenn nona1onoro aenua
1ypnnL
137
3.7. oc1poenne c1pyk1ypnpoaannon konenoaneHen1non
ce1kn
142
3.7.1. oc1poenne c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn no cxeHe 9a3
146
3.7.2. oc1poenne c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn no cxeHe
7$bma3
148
4
3.7.3. oc1poenne c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn no cxeHe :;-
3;m!0%
149
3.7.4. oc1poenne c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn no cxeHe
<%=6%
150
3.7.5. oc1poenne o1eHnon c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn no
cxeHe >//3%;
150
3.7.6. 1pa1ernn noc1poennn c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn na
pace1nLx Hopennx cnonon qopHL. ekoHnosnunn
aneHen1oa.
152
3.8. pnHepL noc1poennn c1pyk1ypnon
konenoaneHen1non ce1kn
153
3.8.1. pnHep c1pyk1ypnoro pasnennn kya co cqe-
pon any1pn
153
3.2.2. pnHep c1pyk1ypnoro pasnennn napannenenn-
nepa c 1opoH
155
3.8.3. pnHep c1pyk1ypnoro pasnennn payx necooc-
nLx unnnnppoa
156
3.8.4. pnHep c1pyk1ypnoro pasnenne uapa
158
3.8.5. pnHep c1pyk1ypnoro pasnennn qnrypL
cnonon qopHL
159
4. nncanne rpannnLx ycnoann a nporpaHHe Gamb! 162
nncok ncnonLsoaannLx nc1onnkoa 170
5
B3R
- ckopoc1L sayka, / ;

- kpn1neckan ckopoc1L, H/c;

? - pnaHe1p, H;
" - nnouapL npoxopnoro ceennn, H
2
;
G - HaccoaLn pacxop aospyxa nnn rasa, kr/c;
@ - nokasa1enL nsoan1ponL, 1ypynen1nan knne1neckan
aneprnn, H
2
/c
2
;
A - ypenLnan pao1a, /kr;
m - Hacca, kr;
- - ncno axa (o1nouenne ckopoc1n no1oka k ckopoc1n
sayka); kpy1nunn HoHen1,

H;
& - ac1o1a apauennn, Hnn
-1
;
3 - paanenne, a;
B - ypenLnan ynnaepcanLnan rasoaan noc1onnnan, /
(kr);
7 - nnnnn 1oka;
: - 1eHnepa1ypa, ;
! - apeHn, c;
$+ 0+ C - npoekunn aek1opa ckopoc1n na kooppnna1nLe ocn,
H/c;
C - ckopoc1L a o1nocn1enLnoH panennn, H/c;
D+ 4+ 8 - kooppnna1L, H;
- yrnL no1oka a aconk1noH panennn, rpap;

- yrnL no1oka a o1nocn1enLnoH panennn, rpap;

- ckopoc1L pnccnnaunn 1ypynen1non knne1neckon
aneprnn;
- koaqqnunen1 no1epL;

- nno1noc1L, kr/H
3
;
- koaqqnunen1 aocc1anoanennn nonnoro paanennn;

- koaqqnunen1 nonesnoro penc1ann;

- npnaepennan ckopoc1L;

- pnnaHneckan anskoc1L, ac;

- ckopoc1L paccenaannn 1ypynen1noc1n, yrnoaan
ckopoc1L, pap/c
6
7
npekcm
E - sa1opHoennLe napaHe1pL;
- oceaan npoekunn;
- axop, aospyx;
- ras;
- npoqnnLnLn, npnaepennLn;
( - kpoHonLn, kpn1necknn;
- konueaon, nepnqepnnnLn;
- naHnnapnLn;
- o1pLanon;
- cpepnnn;
- 1penne;
- 1ypynen1nLn
- aconk1nLn;
& - no nopHann;
; - papnanLnLn;
D+4+8 - npoekunn na coo1ae1c1aykune kooppnna1nLe ocn;
C - o1nocn1enLnLn
cnoanme cokpamenns
)- - aepxnee Henk nporpaHHL Gamb!;
FGH - rasopnnaHneckne qynkunn;
F- - rnaanoe Henk nporpaHH Gamb! n "#$%&!;
F - rpannnoe ycnoane;
IJ - konenLe aneHen1L;
'K - onepaunonnan cnc1eHa;
LG - nopuneaon panra1enL;
KI - cnc1eHa kooppnna1;
MNO- - Uen1panLnLn nnc1n1y1 aanaunonnoro
Ho1opoc1poennn;
>"? - >/m3$!%; "#$= ?4&am2P (ouenpnnn1oe cokpauenne
aLncnn1enLnan rasoaan pnnaHnka)
c1anLnLe oosnaennn, nnpekcL n ycnoanLe
cokpauennn o1ncnenL a 1ekc1e.
8

porpaHHnLn koHnnekc "#$%&! nanne1cn opnnH ns

nnpepoa pLnka koHHepecknx >"? nporpaHH pnn peuennn
sapa Hexannkn npkoc1en n rasoa |25,26|. porpaHHnLn
koHnnekc "#$%&! nosaonne1 peua1L sapan:
1eennn npkoc1en n rasoa a kananax nponsaonLnon
qopHL;
aneunero o1ekannn;
1ennonepepan (aLnypennan n caoopnan konaekunn,
1ennonepepaa n nync1Ln 1ennooHen);
1eennn co caoopnLHn noaepxnoc1nHn;
1eennn HnoroqasnLx cpep;
1eennn pearnpykunx no1okoa, aknkan ropenne;
panennn 1aeppLx ac1nu n kanenL npkoc1n a
no1oke;
nsHenennn qasoaoro coc1onnnn aeuec1aa (nnaanenne,
knnenne, kpnc1annnsaunn, ncnapenne, kaan1aunn);
1eennn a panyunxcn kananax (nanpnHep, a
cHecn1enLnLx yc1ponc1aax n 1ypoHaunnax);
Hopennpoaannn 1eennn a kananax c Hennkuencn a
npouecce peuennn reoHe1pnen (nanpnHep, a
unnnnppax );
akyc1nkn n pp.
nnnnLn npouecc nccnepoaannn no1oka c noHouLk npo-
rpaHHnoro koHnnekca "#$%&! nokasan na nok-cxeHe (pnc.
0.1).
9
. 0.1. 31anm pemenns rasopnnaHnvecknx sapav a
nporpaHHnoH koHnnekce Flu!"
epaLe 1pn a1ana peuennn sapan aLnonnnk1cn a
nporpaHHe Gamb!, nannkuencn coc1aanon ac1Lk
nporpaHHnoro koHnnekca. c1anLnLe a1anL peannsyk1cn
nenocpepc1aenno a nporpaHHe "#$%&!.
annan knnra nocanuena pao1e a npenpoueccope
ynnaepcanLnoro koHnnekca rasopnnaHnecknx pace1oa
"#$%&! - nporpaHHe Gamb! n ocaeuae1 nynk1L QRRRS na
nok cxeHe T(Q.
1o1 a1an nanne1cn opnnH ns aanenunx uaroa k
nonyennk ycneunoro peuennn noc1aanennon sapan.
10
paannLno cospannan pace1nan HopenL, rpaHo1no
pasn1an na konenLe aneHen1L, cyuec1aenno noaLuae1
kaec1ao peuennn noc1aanennon sapan, cnnae1
aepon1noc1L nonanennn neqnsnnLx kap1nn no1oka n
cnococ1aye1 poc1nennk pesynL1a1oa, nnsknx k akcne-
pnHen1anLno nonyennLH. poHe 1oro, kaec1aennan
pace1nan HopenL n ce1ka cyuec1aenno onerak1 npouecc
nonyennn peuennn, noaLuan cxopnHoc1L n yc1onnaoc1L
aLncnn1enLnLx npoueccoa.
coanennk, o1eH pannoro nspannn ne nosaonne1
nokasa1L acex aosHonoc1en npenpoueccopa n pacckasa1L
oo acex koHanpax. oa1oHy nnqopHaunn, npnaepennan a
He1opneckoH noconn, nnuL nokasLaae1 ocnoanLe n
nanonee npnHennHLe koHanpL, ncnonLsyeHLe npn
peuennn sapa 1eennn npkoc1en n rasoa.
a1opL aLpaak1 naropapnoc1L akecoay ..,
annk .., opounnny .. n enneay .., okasaaunH
noHouL npn nanncannn pannon knnrn.
11
1. BU R B
GAMBIT
porpaHHa Gamb! - coc1aanan ac1L nporpaHHnoro
koHnnekca "#$%&! n nanne1cn ero ocnoanLH
npenpoueccopoH.
#$%%% Gamb! cospana pnn UVWX. nn pao1L a
<&=/CPY neoxopnHa aHynnunn rpaqneckoro
nn1epqenca nporpaHHL. kaec1ae aHynn1opa oLno
ncnonLsye1cn nporpaHHa ZD2%%=. 1o1 qak1 npnaopn1 k
pnpy ocoennoc1en a pao1e nporpaHHL. anonee aanLe
ns nnx cnepykune:
Q( Hn nankn n ny1L k nen ne ponen copepa1L pyccknx
cnHaonoa. npo1nanoH cnyae Gamb! ne sanyc1n1cn.
[( pn sarpyske <&=/CPY packnapka knaana1ypL no
yHonannk ponna L1L anrnnnckon. cnyae ecnn
sarpyae1cn c pycckon packnapkon knaana1ypL, a Gamb!
ype1 neaosHonLH aaop yka a nasaannnx aneHen1oa,
rpannnLx ycnoann n qannoa (ypy1 ak1nanL 1onLko
unqpL), 1o cospae1 onpepenennLe neypoc1aa.
Gamb! nosaonne1 peua1L cnepykune sapan.
1. ospaaa1L reoHe1pnk pace1non onac1n:
cospaaa1L reoHe1pnk any1pennnHn cpepc1aaHn npo-
rpaHHL;
nHnop1npoaa1L reoHe1pnk pace1non onac1n ns >5?
nporpaHH;
penn1L nnn o1epnnn1L aneHen1L reoHe1pnn pnn
nocnepykuero noc1poennn c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn.
12
2. asnaa1L pace1nyk onac1L na konenLe aneHen1L:
c1pon1L koneno-aneHen1nLe ce1kn na ase 1peyronL-
nLx n e1LpexyronLnLx aneHen1oa;
ynpaann1L npoueccoH pasnennn.
3. poaepn1L kaec1ao pace1non ce1kn.
4. npepenn1L rpannuL pace1non onac1n, na ko1opLx
a panLnenueH ypy1 yc1anoanenL rpannnLe ycnoann.
5. kcnop1npoaa1L konenoaneHen1nLe ce1kn a "#$%&!
nnn ppyrne pace1nLe nporpaHHL.
anyck nporpaHHL Gamb! ocyuec1anne1cn naa1neH na
coo1ae1c1aykunn npnLk na paoeH c1one nnn ns Henk
L <&=/CPY:
L ) \ "#$%&! W&2 ];/=$2!P Gamb!
[(S(Q^ Gamb! [(S(Q^
epep sanyckoH nporpaHHL nonan1cn pnanoroaoe okno,
nsopaennoe na pnc. 1.1. neH, a none </;@&6 ?;%2!/;4+
ykasLaae1cn paoan nanka, a ko1opon ypy1 coxpann1Lcn
qannL pannon paoen ceccnn. Lpaa ee, cnepye1 naa1L
knonky B$&.
. 1.1. 1ap1oaoe okno nporpaHHm G&'()"
porpaHHa Gamb! pao1ae1 c neckonLknHn 1nnaHn
qannoa:
c pacunpenneH E(=bP - qann asL pannLx Hopenn;
c pacunpenneH *(=b! - apeHennLn qann asL pannLx
Hopenn;
13
c pacunpenneH E(_/$-ypnanLnLn qann, a ko1opoH
sanncanL ace penc1ann nonLsoaa1enn. a ero ocnoae
aosHono ocyuec1ann1L napaHe1pnsaunk Hopenn;
c pacunpenneH E(!;& - qann 1panckpnnunn;
c pacunpenneH E(#/@ - qann pannLx. n cospae1cn
1onLko pnn Hopenn, pao1a c ko1opon aepe1cn
nenocpepc1aenno a pannLn HoHen1.
#$%%% pnpe cnyaea, nporpaHHa Gamb! nocne
nekoppek1noro okonannn pao1L Hoe1 ne sanycka1Lcn.
nn 1oro, 1oL ona sapao1ana ac1o poc1a1ono ypann1L
oc1aaunecn qannL c pacunpenneH (#/@ ns paoen nankn.
pn sanycke nporpaHHL a paoen nanke cospae1cn
nanka c nHeneH G59`W: a( bba - c, d.
pn koppek1noH okonannn paoen ceccnn a1a nanka
ypanne1cn aa1oHa1neckn. cnyae nekoppek1noro
sakpL1nn ceccnn nanka oc1ae1cn n ee cnepye1 ypann1L
apynyk. pecL n panee nop koppek1nLH aLxopoH
nonnHae1cn aLxop c noHouLk koHanpL: "#% ZD!( Lxop
ns nporpaHHL c1anpap1nLH pnn 'K <&=/CP cnocooH, c
noHouLk kpec1nka a npaaoH aepxneH yrny ne nanne1cn
koppek1nLH.
kno nporpaHHL Gamb! nokasano na pnc. 1.2.
ak anpno nn1epqenc nporpaHHL coc1on1 ns cnepykunx
ocnoanLx aneHen1oa.
)e f - Henk, copepauee nnc1pyHen1L
ynpaanennn qannaHn (1enne, sanncL, nHnop1 n 1.n.) n
neko1opLe nac1ponkn nporpaHHL.
' - Hec1o a okne nporpaHHL,
rpe o1opaae1cn ak1nanan a 1ekyunn HoHen1 apeHenn
HopenL.
' gh - ac1L akpana, a ko1opon a 1ekc1oaoH
anpe (na anrnnnckoH nsLke) nokasLaae1cn pesynL1a1
aLnonnennn acex koHanp. pecL 1ake aLaopn1cn
coouennn o ounkax. kno coouennn Hono packpL1L
14
na ace paoee okno c noHouLk knonkn a npaaoH yrny
okna.
' . none c kpa1knH onncanneH (na
anrnnnckoH nsLke) knonok nnn aneHen1oa Henk, na
ko1opLe a pannLn HoHen1 apeHenn ykasLaae1 kypcop.
15

.

1
.
2
.

c
n
o
a
n
o
e

p
a

o
v
e
e

o
k
n
o

n
p
o
r
p
a
H
H
m

G
&
'
(
)
"
16
F f - ocnoanoe Henk, a ko1opoH naxopn1cn
knonkn poc1yna k koHanpaH noc1poennn pace1non onac1n,
pasnennn ee na konenLe aneHen1L n 1.p. 1pyk1ypa
rnaanoro Henk nokasana na pnc. 1.3. opponee oo acex
koHanpax ype1 pacckasano a nocnepykunx paspenax
pannon knnrn.
. 1.*. 1pyk1ypa rnaanoro Hen nporpaHHm G&'()"
1ekyunn HoHen1 apeHenn Hono pao1a1L 1onLko c
opnon HopenLk. nn nepexopa k noaon Hopenn,
npepLpyuyk nyno sakpL1L.
poc1onnc1aaH nn1epqenca nporpaHHL Gamb!
o1nocn1cn 1o, 1o ace knonkn cnaenL npoc1LHn
pncynkaHn, o1paakunHn cy1L onepaunn. poHe 1oro,
Henk noc1poennn/pepak1npoaannn pasnnnLx aneHen1oa
nHek1 opnnakoayk c1pyk1ypy, 1o saHe1no ynpouae1
pao1y c nporpaHHon n cokpauae1 apeHn ee ocaoennn.
nepye1 opa1n1L annHanne na 1o, 1o Hnorne knonkn a
nporpaHHe Gamb! nHek1 HanenLknn kpacnLn 1peyronLnnk
annsy. 1o roaopn1 o 1oH, 1o, ecnn uenkny1L na nnx npaaon
knaanuen HLun, 1o Hono nonyn1L poc1yn k
pononnn1enLnLH koHanpaH cxopnoro copepannn
(nanpnHep, pasnLH cnocoaH noc1poennn aneHen1oa).
17
1.+. opHen
F)l
1.,.
en E-)"
1.1. epxnee Hen nporpaHHm G&'()"
epxnee Henk nporpaHHL coc1on1 ns 1pex nynk1oa: "#%,
Z=! n 7/#0%;. accHo1pnH ocnoanLe koHanpL poc1ynnLe a
ykasannLx nopHenk.
neunnn anp nopHenk "#% npnae-
pen na pnc 1.4. epes nero ocyuec1ann-
e1cn poc1yn k cnepykunH koHanpaH:
cospannn, o1kpL1nn, coxpanennn
nop 1ekyunH nnn noaLH nHeneH
qanna n aLxopa ns nporpaHHL
(V%C+ i3%&+ 7a0%+ 7a0% 5P+ ZD! co-
o1ae1c1aenno (pnc. 1.4));
aLaopa nsopaennn ns rpaqne-
ckoro okna a qann nnn na npnn1ep
(];&! G;a3j2P (pnc. 1.4));
1ennn ypnana (B$& k/$;&a# (pnc.
1.4));
onc1kn ypnana o1 nenynon nnqopHaunn (>#%a&
k/$;&a# (pnc. 1.4));
nHnop1a reoHe1pnn ns >5? nporpaHH a qopHa1ax
5>W>+ ]a;aP/#=+ WGZ7+ 7:Z]+ W>Z9 n pp. (Wm3/;! (pnc.
1.4)).
akcnop1 Hopenen a ppyrne nporpaHHL a qopHa1ax
5>W>+ ]a;aP/#=+ WGZ7+ 7:Z] ( n pace1non Hopenn a
aLpannyk >5?1>5Z nporpaHHy (ZD3/;! (pnc. 1.4)).
neunnn anp nopHenk Z=! npnaepen na
pnc. 1.5. ero noHouLk Hono
ocyuec1ann1L cnepykune penc1ann:
aaec1n saronoakn rpaqnecknx okon (:-
!#%);
nsHenn1L neko1opLe napaHe1pL (]a;a-
m%!%;P);
18
. 1...
en /0l12
nsHenn1L snaennn napaHe1poa,
yc1anoanennLx no yHonannk
(?%la$#!P);
o1Henn1L nnn noa1opn1L nocnepnne
penc1ann (U&=/1B%=/). 1n koHanpL
pynnpyk1cn knonkaHn,
naxopnunHncn cpepn knonok
ynpaanennn anpaHn (pnc. 1.2 n 1.14)
neunnn anp nopHenk 7/#0%; npnaepen
na pnc. 1.6. ero noHouLk ocyuec1anne1cn
aLop pace1non nporpaHHL, a ko1opon
ype1 npoxopn1L pace1. 1 nero saancn1 naop poc1ynnLx
rpannnLx ycnoann n 1nnoa konenLx aneHen1oa. cnyae,
ecnn pace1 ype1 nponsaopn1cn a nporpaHHe "#$%&!+ nyno
aLpa1L nynk1 "#$%&! m1^. aepcnn "#$%&! ^(S([^ a1o1 1nn
peua1enn yc1anoanen no yHonannk.
1.1.1. 34 567# 8 G&'()"
ao1a c noaon pace1non HopenLk nannae1cn c
sapannn ee nHenn. 1o penc1ane ocyuec1anne1cn c
noHouLk koHanpL:
)-n "#% V%C(
pesynL1a1e nonan1cn pnanoroaoe okno, nsopaennoe
na pnc. 1.7.
a1oH okne a rpaqe W? nanpae1cn nHn Hopenn na1nn-
cknHn ykaaHn. Lop nHenn nop1aeppae1cn naa1neH
knonkn 522%3!.
ocne a1oro penc1ann
nonan1cn okno,
y1onnkuee cornacen nn
nonLsoaa1enL sakpL1L
npepLpyuyk ceccnk.
neH cnepye1 naa1L
knonky o%P. ocne a1oro a
19
. 1.9. en cospanns
noamx Hopenen (F)l N:;
aepxneH neaoH yrny okna nporpaHHL nonan1cn aLpannoe
nHn Hopenn.
cnn po cospannn noaon Hopenn nponsaopnnacL pao1a
nap ppyron HopenLk n ee neoxopnHo coxpann1L nepep sa-
kpL1neH, 1o cnepye1 naa1L knonky 7a0% 2$;;%&! P%PP/& a
a1oH e okne (pnc. 1.7). pesynL1a1e c1apan paoan
ceccnn ype1 coxpanena. ao1a napannenLno c payHn
HopennHn a
Gamb! neaos-
Hona.
1enne ye
cospannLx
Hopenen,
coxpanenne nop
ppyrnH nHeneH n
ppyrne onepaunn c qannaHn ao HnoroH ananornnL pao1e
c qannaHn a ppyrnx nporpaHHax <&=/CP. kaec1ae
nnnkc1paunn na pnc. 1.8 npnaepeno Henk koHanpL 1ennn
cospannon Hopenn i3%& ZDP!&6 7%PP/&.
a1oH Henk a none W? aLnpae1cn nHn qanna Hopenn c
pacunpenneH E(=bP. pouecc 1ennn sanyckae1cn naa1neH
knonkn 522%3!. ak n a npepLpyuen koHanpe, ak1naaunn
onunn 7a0% 2$;;%&! P%PP/& coxpann1 npepLpyuyk o1kpL1yk
HopenL.
nn 1oro, 1oL aLpa1L qann Hopenn, nopono 1oHy,
kak a1o penae1cn a ppyrnx nporpaHHax, cnepye1 naa1L
knonky `;/CP%. pesynL1a1e ype1 o1kpL1o okno
npoaopnnka (pnc. 1.9), c noHouLk ko1oporo Hono
o1Lcka1L 1peyeHLn qann. pnako pao1a a neH nHee1
onpepenennyk cneunqnky. kno npoaopnnka npnHenne1cn
ao acex koHanpax, cansannLx c aLopoH qanna.
o yHonannk npoaopnnk ype1 o1kpL1 a paoen
nanke, ko1opan Lna ykasana a c1ap1oaoH okne nporpaHHL
Gamb! (pnc.1.1). pa1n1e annHanne, 1o na pnc 1.9 (neaoe
20
. 1.8. en v1enns cymec1aymen
Hopenn
none, 1pe1nn nynk1) anpno, 1o nHn nankn, coc1onuee ns
pyccknx yka, n1ae1cn nekoppek1no.
enk npoaopnnka coc1on1 ns payx onLunx nonen: a
neaoH (?;%2!/;%P) npnaepenL nankn, copepaunecn a
paoen pnpek1opnn, a npaaoH ("#%P) - qannL c 1peyeHLH
pacunpenneH (1nn pacunpennn saancn1 o1 koHanpL),
naxopnunecn a ak1nanon nanke. cnn 1peyeHLn qann
naxopn1cn a paoen nanke, ero poc1a1ono aLpa1L a none
"#%P n naa1L knonky 522%3!. norpa aosnnkae1 cnepykuan
cn1yaunn. onLsoaa1enL o1kpLaae1 paoyk nanky, 1oL
npon1a1L 1peyeHLn qann n ne naxopn1 ero 1aH nnn aHe-
c1o onpaeHon Hopenn sarpyae1cn c1apan aepcnn n qann
nyno onoan1L. a1oH cnyae 1peyeHLn qann
konnpye1cn a paoyk nanky c ppyroro Hec1a,
qneunakonn1enn nnn ppyrnx nocn1enen oLnLHn
cpepc1aaHn 'K <&=/CP. nn 1oro, 1oL yanpe1L cko-
nnpoaannLn qann, a none "#%P cnepye1 naa1L knonky
"#!%;(
21
1.10. en <u! =0u2!&l
. 1.>. kno npoaopnnka amopa qannoa
cnn nsaec1en
ny1L k 1peyeHon
nanke, ero Hono
anec1n a none
7%#%2!/& n nepen1n
1ypa naa1neH
knonkn "#!%;(
cnyae ecnn
1peyeHLn qann naxopn1cn a ppyron nanke, 1o cnepye1
noc1aan1L kypcop na nee a neaoH none n naa1L knonky
"#!%;(
nn 1oro, 1oL nepen1n na ypoaenL nne, a none
?;%2!/;%P cnepye1 noc1aan1L kypcop na nHn nankn c payHn
1okaHn na konue (na pnc.1.9 nanka ?np"#$%&!p(() n naa1L
knonky "#!%; q paccHa1pnaaeHoH npnHepe ypy1
nokasLaa1Lcn qannL c ny1eH ?np).
1.1.2. 34 ?7@A# 5674#
c1anoanHcn nopponee na pao1e c ypnanLnLH
qannoH. n npepc1aanne1 coon 1ekc1oaLn qann c
pacunpenneH E(_/$, ko1opLn cospae1cn aa1oHa1neckn pnn
kapon Hopenn a HoHen1 pao1L c nen. nero
aa1oHa1neckn sanncLaak1cn ace penc1ann, nponsaopnHLe
c HopenLk. oc1yn k ypnanLnoHy qanny ocyuec1anne1cn c
noHouLk koHanpL: "#% B$& k/$;&a# (pnc. 1.10). ee
noHouLk Hono sanyc1n1L cyuec1aykunn ypnanLnLn
qann (c noHouLk knonkn B$&) nnn pepak1npoaa1L ero
(knonka Z=!1B$&). oHanpL, sanncannLe a ypnanLnoH
qanne, Hono aLnonnn1L kak no uaraH, 1ak n uennkoH
es oc1anoaok. a1oH cnyae ypy1 nocnepoaa1enLno sany-
uenL ace koHanpL, sanncannLe a neH.
aa1ne knonkn Z=!1B$& o1kpLaae1 poc1yn k okny
pepak1npoaannn ypnana (pnc 1.11). ao1a c nnH
22
ocyuec1anne1cn cnepykunH opasoH. ypcop c1aan1cn na
nynyk koHanpy. pn neoxopnHoc1n a paoeH okne Hory1
L1L nsHenenL pasHepL nnn ppyrne napaHe1pL, nHena
aneHen1oa, yac1aykunx a onepaunnx. LenkoH npaaon
knonkn HLun o1kpLaae1cn poc1yn k Henk onepaunn
(aLpenn1L koHanpy, cnn1L aLpenenne, nepeHec1n1L, pepak-
1npoaa1L n 1.p.). LpannLe koHanpL sanyckak1cn c noHo-
uLk knonkn 5$!/.
a ocnoae ypnanLnoro qanna Hono cospa1L
napaHe1pneckyk pace1nyk HopenL. nn a1oro a E(_/$
qanne sapae1cn nHn nepeHennon, ko1opoe nannae1cn co
snaka rY. pn neoxopnHoc1n a qann Hoe1 L1L
poaanen koHHen1apnn, nannakunncn co snaka 1Y (cH.
pnc 1.12).
1.11. en pepak1npoaanns xypnanLnoro qanna
23
1.12. apaHe1pnsauns Hopenn c noHomL xypnanLnoro
qanna
1.1.*. B#C4 D$4#$ E$AF #4G$7$6 8
C4D## Gambit
oc1poenne reoHe1pnn pace1non onac1n n nanoenne
na nee konenoaneHen1non ce1kn Hono npoaopn1L payHn
ny1nHn: c1pon1L nx nenocpepc1aenno a nporpaHHe Gamb!
nnn nHnop1npoaa1L ns ppyrnx >5?1>5Z nporpaHH.
eoxopnHoc1L nHnop1npoaannn reoHe1pnn Hoe1 L1L
npopnk1oaana neaosHonoc1Lk nnn 1pypnoc1Lk
noc1poennn cnonLx Hopenen a nporpaHHe Gamb!, aos-
Honoc1n ko1opon orpannenL no cpaanennk c >5?
nporpaHHaHn. poHe 1oro, poc1a1ono ac1o aosnnkae1
neoxopnHoc1L paccn1a1L o1ekanne o1ek1a, S? HopenL
ko1oporo Lna cospana panee a >5? nake1e. a1oH cnyae
uenecoopasnee nHnop1npoaa1L o1ek1, eH c1pon1L ero
sanoao (npaapa, npn ycnoann npneHneHoro kaec1aa
Hopenn). ppyron c1oponL cospanne Hopenn o1 naana n po
24
konua a Gamb! nosaonne1 nsaan1Lcn o1 Hnornx nponeH,
cansannLx c necoanapennnHn aneHen1oa nnn nx coanape-
nneH.
konenoH n1ore peuenne, rpe c1pon1L pace1nyk
HopenL, a Gamb! nnn a ppyrnx nporpaHHax npnnnHae1
pace1nk a saancnHoc1n o1 caonx aosHonoc1en,
npepno1ennn, 1peyeHoro apeHenn, nannnn sapena pao1
no Hopenn n ppyrnx qak1opoa.
Gamb! Hory1 L1L nHnop1npoaanL cnepykune
qopHa1L qannoa reoHe1pnecknx Hopenen:
1. 5>W7 (pacunpenne E(Pa!) - ecnna1nLn ynnaepcanLnLn
qopHa1, aepcnn Bs(((BQm. n npepno1n1enen pnn
oHena HopennHn Hepy pasnLHn CAD-cnc1eHaHn.
2. WGZ7 (E(6Pt E(6%P) - opnn ns nepaLx ynnaepcanLnLx
aek1opnLx qopHa1oa. n unpoko pacnpoc1panen n
noppepnaae1cn aceHn CAD nporpaHHaHn, opnako
reoHe1pnn, nHnop1npoaannan a a1oH qopHa1e, nHee1
Hnoro necoanapennn n aneHen1oa c opnnakoaLHn
kooppnna1aHn. ocne nHnop1npoaannn 1akne Hopenn
1peyk1 onLuoro o1eHa opao1kn. aac1yk ee
o1eH conoc1aanH c o1eHoH pao1 no cospannk
Hopenn c nynn. eH ne Henee, a1o1 qopHa1 ak1nano
npnHenne1cn, 1ak kak on nanne1cn epnnc1aennLH, ko-
1opLn nosaonne1 nHnop1npoaa1L payxHepnyk
reoHe1pnk.
3. 7:A (E(P!#) - qopHa1, ncnonLsyeHLn pnn nepepan
nnqopHaunn pnn c1ankoa c n c1epeonn1orpaqnn.
4. 7:Z] (E(P!3) - aek1opnLn qopHa1 pnn nepepan S=
-Hopenen.
5. ]a;aP/#= (Hopenn a 1ekc1oaon E(Du! n nnapnon sanncn
E(Dub + napaHe1pnecknn qann E(P$b) - qopHa1 nepe-
pan S= Hopenen. 1o1 qopHa1 nHnop1npye1cn a
Gamb! c HnnnHanLnLHn ounkaHn, noa1oHy ero
cnepye1 ncnonLsoaa1L a cnyae, korpa qopHa1 ACIS
nepoc1ynen.
25
6. >5:W5 v+ m (E(m/=%#t E(>5:3a;!) - qopHa1L reoHe1pnn,
ncnonLsyeHLe a nporpaHHax >5:W5.
poHe nepencnennLx aLue qopHa1oa nepepan
reoHe1pnn a nporpaHHy Gamb! Hono nHnop1npoaa1L
napaHe1pneckne (ce1onLe) Hopenn ns neko1opLx KOw -
nporpaHH, nanpnHep "#$%&! m+ ^ q x E(mPj) n
5&P4P (apxnanan HopenL c pacunpenneH E(2=b y E(6%P).
1enne nHnop1npyeHon reoHe1pnn n ce1ok
ocyuec1anne1cn a Henk "#% Wm3/;!( kaec1ae
nnnkc1paunn na pnc. 1.13 nokasano Henk nHnop1npoaannn
reoHe1pnn a qopHa1e 5>W7. ao1a c nnH cnonoc1en ne
npepc1aanne1.
a1oH Henk a none "#% Vam% aLnpae1cn qann c
sarpyaeHon reoHe1pnen. none Wm3/;! i3!/&P aLnpae1cn
1nn 5>W7 qanna, a ko1opoH sanncana HopenL: 1ekc1oaLn nnn
nnapnLn.
nanornnLH opasoH ocyuec1anne1cn pao1a c WGZ7
HopennHn. enk nHnop1npoaannn Hopenen a a1oH qopHa1e
nokasano na pnc. 1.14. Xo1n a a1oH Henk ropaspo onLue
nac1poek, pao1a c nnH ananornna pao1e c Henk nHnop1a
Hopenen a qopHa1e 5>W7. onLunnc1ae cnyaea ncnonL-
soaanne pononnn1enLnLx nac1poek ne 1peye1cn. ac1o
npnHenne1cn nnuL onunn Va!0%173a!a# a cpepnen ac1n
Henk. e ak1naaunn npnaepe1 k 1oHy, 1o pyrn n cnnannL,
copepaunecn a
nHnop1npyeHon
reoHe1pnn, ypy1
sarpyenL.
npo1nanoH cnyae
onn ypy1 nponrno-
pnpoaanL.
26

. 1.1*. en nHnop1npoaanns
reoHe1pnn a qopHa1e AHI/
. 1.1+. en nHnop1npoaanns
reoHe1pnn a qopHa1e IGE/
ockonLky pasnLe
qopHa1L ncnonLsyk1
pasnnnLe ypaanennn n
cnocoL onncannn
reoHe1pnn, 1o
nHnop1npoaannan reo-
He1pnn poc1a1ono
ac1o copepn1
coanapakune
aneHen1L, nnn ppyrne
peqek1L. coenno
Hnoro nx ac1peae1cn
npn nHnop1e WGZ7 Ho-
penen. oa1oHy nocne
sarpyskn qannoa
oHena pekoHenpye1cn
c noHouLk koHanpL
>/&&%2! (cH. n. 2.5)
nocnepoaa1enLno
o1epnnn1L
coanapakune 1okn,
nnnnn n noaepxnoc1n.
1o saHe1no ynpoc1n1
panLnenune onepaunn c pace1non HopenLk.
1epnnn1L coanapakune aneHen1L Hono npn
nHnop1e reoHe1pnn. nn a1oro neoxopnHo sapa1Lcn
aennnnon 1onoc1n Hopenn (:/#%;a&2%), ko1opan
nsHepne1cn a ponnx epnnnuL pnnnnL. 1a aennnna
nokasLaae1, 1o o1ek1L, naxopnunecn ppyr o1nocn1enLno
ppyra nne, eH sapano, ypy1 cn1a1Lcn coanapakunHn.
nn a1oro a none z;!$a# >#%a&$3 (nnnnn ac1L Henk na
pnc. 1.14) napo ak1nanpoaa1L onunk za#$% n a none
nanpo1na nee anec1n enaeHyk aennnny 1onoc1n.
27
1.1.+. IJC4 E$AF $4J D$4#$
ocne cospannn pace1non Hopenn ee nyno nepepa1L a
peuakuyk nporpaHHy ("#$%&!). ann oHena Hepy
nporpaHHaHn Gamb! n "#$%&! nHee1 pacunpenne E(mPj.
1o1 qopHa1 nepepae1 konenoaneHenyk ce1ky n
nanoennLe na nee rpannnLe ycnoann. eoHe1pneckne
o1ek1L, ne nHekune ce1kn, ne nepepak1cn.
nn akcnop1a cospannon Hopenn a aepxneH Henk nyno
aLpa1L cnepykune nynk1L: "#% ZD3/;! 9aPj(
nonanaueHcn okne nyno aaec1n nHn qanna oHena.
o yHonannk ono coanapae1 c nHeneH qanna Hopenn.
noHouLk knonkn `;/CP% Hono aLpa1L Hec1o, rpe qann
neoxopnHo coxpann1L. cnn pace1nan HopenL
payxHepnan, 1o onsa1enLno cnepye1 ak1nanpoaa1L onunk
ZD3/;! [? qX-o{ 9aPj. anncL qanna oHena nop1aeppae1cn
naa1neH knonkn 522%3!.
cnn qann oHena Ln ycneuno sanncan, 1o a okne
coouennn nonan1cn napnncL maPj CaP P$22%PPl$##4 C;!!%&
!/ c |hd(mPj( ykasannoH Hec1e nonan1cn qann
c |hd(mPj(
nanornnLH opasoH c noHouLk Henk "#% ZD3/;!
Hory1 L1L akcnop1npoaanL reoHe1pneckne o1ek1L a
qopHa1ax 5>W7+ ]a;aP/#=+ WGZ7+ 7!%3+ >a!a 0(v n pp.
1.2. nonkn ynpaanenns anpaHn
npaaon nnnen ac1n okna nporpaHHL Gamb! nHee1cn
rpynna knonok ynpaanennn anpaHn (pnc. 1.2). np rpynnL n
nasnaenne knonok npnaepenL na pnc 1.15. accHo1pnH nx
nopponee.
72a#% !/ "! (Q na pnc 1.15) - naa1ne na pannyk
knonky koppek1npye1 nonoenne Hopenn a paoeH okne
1ak, 1oL ona sannHana ack onac1L noc1poennn Hopenn.
28
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33
pynna Henk 7%#%2! 30/! ([ na pnc 1.15) onpepenne1
nonoenne 1okn, o1nocn1enLno ko1opon ocyuec1anne1cn
apauenne Hopenn c noHouLk HLun. epeknkenne Hepy
cnocoaHn sapannn uen1pa ocyuec1anne1cn npoc1LH
naa1neH na ykasannyk knonky. osHonL paa aapnan1a
nonoennn uen1pa apauennn:
- a uen1pe 1ena;
- a nponsaonLnon 1oke, ykasannon nonLsoaa1eneH.
pynna Henk 7%#%2! 3;%P%&! 2/&}6$;a!/& (S na pnc 1.15)
nosaonne1 nokasa1L qpon1anLnyk, npoqnnLnyk n
ropnson1anLnyk npoekunk Hopenn nnn ee nsopaenne a
nsoHe1pnn. pn neoxopnHoc1n 1pn npoekunn Hopenn n ee
nsoHe1pneckoe nsopaenne Hory1 L1L nokasanL aHec1e
a onac1n noc1poennn Hopenn c noHouLk knonkn .
pynna Henk A6j! P/$;2% (v na pnc 1.15) copepn1
cnepykune koHanpL:
- nsHenenne nonoennn nc1onnka cae1a;
- poaanenne nnqopHaunn a cyuec1aykune npnLkn;
- poaanenne c1penok n nopnncen a rpaqneckoH
okne.
pynna Henk i;%&! m/=%# (^ na pnc 1.15) o1kpLaae1
poc1yn k knonkaH ynpaanennn nanpaanenneH asrnnpa na
HopenL. nx noHouLk Hono copnen1npoaa1L asrnnp,
npnansaa ero k kooppnna1nLH ocnH (nnn ppyrne
knonkn, poc1yn k ko1opLH Hono nonyn1L uenkoH npaaon
knonkn HLun), npocHo1pe1L HopenL a nsoHe1pnn , c
opa1non c1oponL , aepny1Lcn k npepLpyueHy asrnnpy
34
1.1.. en a1pny1oa
nnn k coxpanennoHy
a ypnanLnoH qanne
.
nonka <&=/C
5!!;b$!%P (~ na pnc
1.15) o1kpLaae1 poc1yn k
Henk a1pny1oa (pnc.
1.16). 1o Henk ac1o
npnHenne1cn npn pao1e c
onLunHn n cnonLHn
HopennHn, coc1onunHn ns
onLuoro konnec1aa ane-
Hen1oa. ero noHouLk
Hono:
cpena1L anpnHon
nnn neanpnHon ko-
nenoaneHen1nyk
ce1ky;
cpena1L anpnHLHn nnn neanpnHLHn nHena aneHen1oa
reoHe1pnn;
cpena1L anpnHLHn nnn neanpnHLH aneHen1L
reoHe1pnn (1okn, rpann, noaepxnoc1n, o1eHL).
ak anpno ns pnc 1.16 a1o Henk ycnoano Hono
paspenn1L na pae ac1n: nnnkk n aepxnkk. nnnen
ac1n aLnpae1cn penc1nane nap o1ek1oH (zPb#% -
nokasa1L o1ek1; Aab%# - nokasa1L nasaanne o1ek1a; 9%Pj -
nokasa1L ce1ky) n ero 1ekyuee coc1onnne (o1opasn1L - /&
nnn ckpL1L - /). anpnHep, ak1naaunn nynk1oa zPb#% n /
npnaopn1 k 1oHy, 1o aLpannLe aneHen1L ypy1 cpenanL
neanpnHLHn.
aepxnen ac1n Henk aLnpae1cn o1ek1, na ko1opLn
nanpaaneno penc1ane (1okn, nnnnn, noaepxnoc1n nnn
35
o1eHL). pn a1oH Hory1 L1L aLpanL kak ace aneHen1L
(5##), 1ak n o1penLnLe c noHouLk HLun (]2@). nn 1oro,
1oL aLpa1L, nanpnHep, noaepxnoc1L neoxopnHo
noc1aan1L ranoky nanpo1na coo1ae1c1aykuero nynk1a
("a2%) n aLpa1L nynLe aneHen1L. LpannLe aneHen1L
o1opaak1cn a cnncke, naxopnueHcn cnpaaa o1
aLpannoro nynk1a.
1pe1Len cnnsy nosnunn a noke knonok ynpaanennn
anpaHn (s na pnc 1.15) naxopn1cn knonkn ynpaanennn
anpnHoc1Lk aneHen1oa. nx noHouLk HopenL Hoe1 L1L
o1opaena a anpe 1aepporo 1ena , kapkaca nnn co
ckpL1LHn neanpnHLHn nnnnnHn . enc1ann a1nx
koHanp nonn1nL ns nnk1orpaHH na knonkax.
npaaon ac1n aepxnero pnpa noka knonok ynpaanennn
anpaHn naxopn1cn knonka \ hh qU&=/{ (m
na pnc 1.15). na nosaonne1 o1Henn1L nocnepnne QT
onepaunn, ko1opLe Lnn aLnonnenL nocne nocnepnero
coxpanennn Hopenn. Lenok npaaon knaanuen na a1on
knonke o1kpoe1 poc1yn k knonke 1B%=/ .
nonka ZDam&% maPj (QT na pnc 1.15) o1kpLaae1
poc1yn k Henk kaec1aa ce1kn. no ype1 paccHo1peno
nne.
1.3. cnonLsoaanne Hmmn a nporpaHHe G&'()"
pn noc1poennn pace1non Hopenn a nporpaHHe Gamb!
ak1nano ncnonLsye1cn 1pexknononan HLuL. nepaunn,
aLnonnneHLe c noHouLk HLun, nepencnenL a 1an. 1.1.
nnHanne! Lop o1ek1a HLuLk a nporpaHHe Gamb!
ocyuec1anne1cn npn naa1on knaanue 7jl!.
36
1.4. nnoaas c1pyk1ypa Hen nporpaHHm G&'()"
ce Henk a nporpaHHe Gamb! nHek1 cxoyk c1pyk1ypy,
1o onerae1 pao1y c nporpaHHon n yckopne1 ee
ocaoenne. nnoaon anp Henk nporpaHHL npnaepen na pnc.
1.17.
37
annua 1.1.
nepaunn, amnonnseHme c noHomL Hmmn
Ix

Gh
G 2
h
xh
)g

L
+ y
g
8
Gh 2
h
xh
7jl!
)\
Kfgh

533#4
i@
Ghh
g
-
L\gh

Ke

G 2
h
xh
>!;#

gf

gf

-
1.19. nnoaon anp Hen nporpaHHm G&'()"
38
. 1.18. en amopa aneHen1oa
ns cnncka
k1nanoe a nac1onunn HoHen1 apeHenn none, a ko1opoH
Hono ocyuec1an1L aLop aneHen1a nnn aaop ncnoaoro
snaennn napaHe1pa, aLpenne1cn en1LH uae1oH. 1oL
cpena1L ero ak1nanLH, neoxopnHo uenkny1L na neH neaon
knaanuen HLun.
aepxnen ac1n Henk (pnc. 1.17), kak npaanno,
naxopn1cn none, a ko1opoH ykasLaak1cn o1ek1L, nap
ko1opLHn ype1 ocyuec1ann1Lcn penc1ann koHanpL. Lop
o1ek1oa a nporpaHHe Gamb! Hoe1 ocyuec1ann1Lcn
uenkoH neaon knaanun HLun (c opnoapeHenno naa1on
knonkon 7jl!) nnn ns cnncka aneHen1oa pannoro 1nna, ecnn
nsaec1nL nx nasaannn. oc1yn k cnncky Hono nonyn1L,
naaa knonky a anpe c1penkn, cnpaaa o1 nonn (pnc. 1.18).
ero noHouLk 1ake Hono ypann1L ounono aLpannLe
o1ek1L.
op noneH aLopa penc1ann ac1o naxopn1cn onac1L
sapannn cnc1eHL kooppnna1 (pnc. 1.17). na coc1on1 ns
1pex ocnoanLx aneHen1oa. aepxnen ac1n naxopn1cn okno
aLopa . o yHonannk 1aH aLpana rnoanLnan .
cnn a npouecce pao1L c HopenLk ypy1 cospanL ppyrne
cnc1eHL (cH.n. 2.8),
onn Hory1 L1L
aLpanL a pannoH
none. ne naxopn1cn
cnncok aLopa 1nna
kooppnna1:
ekap1oaL (>a;!%Pa&),
unnnnppneckne
(>4#&=;2a#) nnn
cqepneckne
(73j%;2a#). ue nne
naxopn1cn pae
1annuL pnn aaopa
kooppnna1. eaan -
npepnasnaena pnn
39
. 1.1>. en
onpepenenns ocn apamenns
(aek1opa) c noHomL
kooppnna1nmx ocen
aaopa kooppnna1 a rnoanLnon . paaan - a nokanLnon.
pn aaope kooppnna1 a opnon cnc1eHe aa1oHa1neckn aLn
-
cnnk1cn kooppnna1L a ppyron n npnaopn1cn a
coo1ae1c1aykunx nonnx.
1.5. 3apanne ocen apamenns n aek1opoa a
nporpaHHe G&'()"
pnon ns 1nnoaLx onepaunn npn noc1poennn n
pepak1npoaannn reoHe1pnn a nporpaHHe Gamb! nanne1cn
onncanne ocen apauennn nnn aek1opoa. cL apauennn
ncnonLsye1cn npn konnpoaannn aneHen1oa no okpynoc1n,
cospannn o1ek1a apauenneH n 1.n. ek1opL npnHennk1cn
npn npoeunpoaannn opnoro aneHen1a na ppyron nnn
cospannn o1ek1a
aL1nrnaanneH a neko1opoH
nanpaanennn. Lsoa Henk
onncannn ocn apauennn/
aek1opa ocyuec1anne1cn
naa1neH knonkn ?%}&% a
okne coo1ae1c1aykuen ko-
HanpL (nanpnHep, pnc. 2.10).
neunnn anp Henk
onncannn ocn apauennn n
sapannn aek1opa ne
o1nnak1cn n nokasan na
pnc. 1.19.
cL apauennn nnn aek1op
Hory1 L1L sapanL opnnH ns
cnepykunx cnocooa:
opnon ns kooppnna1nLx
ocen rnoanLnon nnn
nokanLnon (>//;=(
7P( 5DP);
40
. 1.20. nxnss vac1L
Hen onpepenenns ocn
apamenns (aek1opa) c
noHomL payx
cymec1aymnx 1ovek
. 1.21. nxnss vac1L
Hen onpepenenns ocn
apamenns (aek1opa) c
noHomL payx 1ovek,
sapaaaeHmx
kooppnna1aHn
payHn cyuec1aykunHn 1okaHn ([ z%;!2%P);
payHn 1okaHn, sapaaaeHLHn kooppnna1aHn ([ 3/&!P);
nnnnen (%=6%).
Lop cnocoa onncannn ocn/aek1opa ocyuec1anne1cn a
cnncke 9%!j/=.
neunnn anp Henk onncannn ocn c noHouLk kooppn-
na1nLx ocen nokasan na pnc. 1.19. nnnen ac1n Henk
cnepye1 aLpa1L (a none >//;=&a!% 74P(). a none nne
opny ns ocen (D+ 4 nnn 8). pecL 1ake nHee1cn aosHonoc1L
aLpa1L nanpaanenne ocn (nonon1enLnoe nnn o1pnua-
1enLnoe). no onpepenne1 nanpaanenne apauenne o1ek1a
(a koHanpax, cansannLx c nepeHeuennnHn o1ek1a aokpyr
ocn) a coo1ae1c1ann c npaannoH ypaanka.
cnn c noHouLk pannon koHanpL onncLaae1cn aek1op,
1o noponLH opasoH sapae1cn epnnnnLn aek1op,
nanpaanenne ko1oporo coanapae1 c nanpaanenneH
aLpannon ocn. pnako ac1o 1peye1cn sapa1L aek1op
onpepenennon pnnnL. a1oH cnyae cnepye1 ak1nanpoaa1L
onunk 9a6&!$=% n a none
npaaee ee aaec1n 1peyeHyk
pnnny aek1opa.
neunnn anp ac1n Henk
onncannn ocn c noHouLk payx
cyuec1aykunx 1oek nokasan
na pnc. 1.20. neH a none
z%;!2%P aLnpae1cn naanLnan
(7!a;!) n konenan (Z&=) 1oka.
cnyae, ecnn noaopo1 aokpyr
sapannon noponLH opasoH
ocn ype1 npoaopn1cn a
c1opony, npo1naonononyk
1peyeHon, 1o naanLnyk n
konenyk 1oky nyno
noHenn1L Hec1aHn.
41
. 1.22. nxnss vac1L
Hen onpepenenns ocn
apamenns (aek1opa) c
noHomL nnnnn
neunnn anp ac1n Henk
onncannn ocn c noHouLk payx
1oek, sapaaaeHLx
kooppnna1aHn, nokasan na pnc.
1.21. a1oH Henk cnepye1
naa1L knonky ]/&! Q n sapa1L
kooppnna1L nepaon 1okn,
npnnapneauen ocn. ak a1o
cpena1L onncano a n. 2.1.1.
a1eH cnepye1 naa1L knonky ]/&! [ n aaec1n kooppnna1L
a1opon 1okn.
neunnn anp ac1n Henk onncannn ocn c noHouLk
nnnnn nokasan na pnc. 1.22. neH a none Z=6% aLnpae1cn
ocL apauennn. pa1n1e annHanne na 1o, 1o na aLpannon
nnnnn c1penkon ykasLaae1cn nanpaanenne, ko1opoe sapae1
nanpaanenne apauenne. cnn uenkny1L na ye aLpannoH
o1peske cpepnen knaanuen HLun c naa1on knaanuen
7jl!, 1o nanpaanenne cHenn1cn na npo1naonononoe.
42
2. 3
B
GAMBIT
porpaHHa Gamb! nHee1 pasan1Le cpepc1aa noc1poennn
reoHe1pnn pace1non onac1n, nosaonnkune c1pon1L
Hopenn nponsaonLnon konqnrypaunn.
ce aneHen1L reoHe1pnn, ncnonLsyeHLe npn noc1poennn
Hopenen a nporpaHHe Gamb!+ Hory1 L1L paspenenL na
nn1L rpynn. apan ns nnx no yHonannk nHee1 caon uae1:
oka (z%;!%D{ - enLn;
nnnn (Z=6%{ - en1Ln;
oaepxnoc1L ("a2%) - cae1no ronyon;
1eH (z/#$m%) - senenLn;
pynna (G;/$3) - 1eHno senenLn.
neHen1L reoHe1pnn nHee1 c1poryk nepapxnk. okn
nannk1cn nnsunH aneHen1oH. a nx ocnoae c1pon1cn nnnnn,
ko1opan nanne1cn aneHen1oH a1oporo ypoann. na
npepc1aanne1 coon ocnoay pnn noc1poennn noaepxnoc1n -
aneHen1a 1pe1Lero ypoann. oaepxnoc1n opasyk1 o1eH -
e1aep1Ln ypoaenL. 1eHL Hory1 L1L copanL a rpynnL -
a1o nn1Ln, aLcunn ypoaenL reoHe1pnn a nporpaHHe.
pn cospannn o1ek1a ace aneHen1L nnsuero ypoann,
axopnune a nero, Hennk1 caon uae1 na coo1ae1c1aykunn
noc1poennoHy. anpnHep, 1oka npn noc1poennn nnnnn na
ee ase Henne1 uae1 na en1Ln, coo1ae1c1aykunn nnnnn.
pn neoxopnHoc1n, uae1, yc1anoanennLn pnn aneHen1oa
43
no yHonannk, Hoe1 L1L nsHenen a Henk
)-nZ=!?%la$#!P(
nn koppek1non ouenkn npoueccoa, nponcxopnunx a
no1oke, neoxopnHo, 1oL pace1nan HopenL Lna
1pexHepnon. pnako a cnyanx npoc1Lx 1eennn, HanLx
pecypcoa aLncnn1enLnon 1exnnkn nnn npn neoxopnHoc1n
nonyennn Lc1poro peuennn, pnn ko1oporo ne aana
1onoc1L, Hono npnHenn1L payxHepnLe pace1nLe
Hopenn. norpa pnn ynpouennn sapan n cnnennn 1pe-
yeHLx pecypcoa n apeHenn ce1a Hono ynpoc1n1L sapay
sa ce1 npnHenennn cnHHe1pnn n nepnopnnoc1n.
osHonoc1L nx npnHenennn onpepenne1cn konqnrypaunen
paccHa1pnaaeHon onac1n no1oka.
coennoc1Lk nporpaHHL Gamb! nanne1cn 1o, 1o acn
reoHe1pnn penn1cn na pae rpynnL: peanLnyk n
anp1yanLnyk. eanLnon reoHe1pnen nasLaae1cn reoHe1pnn,
ypoane1aopnkuan c1anpap1y 5>W7. eoHe1pnn, cospannan
cpepc1aaHn nporpaHHL Gamb! n ne ypoane1aopnkuan
c1anpap1y 5>W7 nasLaae1cn anp1yanLnon. aue acero ona
aosnnkae1 npn aLnonnennn onepaunn o1epnnennn pasnLx
aneHen1oa a opnn. porpaHHa Gamb! opnnakoao xopouo
pao1ae1 c reoHe1pnen oonx 1nnoa. pnako pnp koHanp ne
Hoe1 L1L aLnonnen c anp1yanLnon reoHe1pnen. poHe
1oro, a pnpe cnyaea aosHono saHe1noe nckaenne
kon1ypoa anp1yanLnLx aneHen1oa. o Hnornx cnyanx
anp1yanLnyk reoHe1pnk Hono konaep1npoaa1L a
peanLnyk c noHouLk koHanpL >/&0%;! , naxopnuencn a
uen1pe nnnero pnpa Henk onepaunn c aneHen1aHn
reoHe1pnn. ckaenne kon1ypoa npn a1oH coxpanne1cn.
pouecc nanoennn konenoaneHen1non ce1kn na
pasnLe 1nnL reoHe1pnn aLnonnne1cn opnnakoao.
nonoc1en c pasnenneH anp1yanLnon reoHe1pnn
saHeeno ne Lno.
44
. 2.1. asnnvnme nonoxenns
axopnon rpannum
ace1nan HopenL
pnn nccnepoaannn
1eennn npkoc1n n
rasa ponna
aknka1L ne 1onLko
onac1L 1eennn, no
poc1a1ono onLune
axopnLe n aLxopnLe
yac1kn. x
neoxopnHoc1L oycnoanena 1eH, 1o ankpL pacnpepenennn
napaHe1poa na axope (aLxope) a kanan nnn annsn
o1ekaeHoro 1ena, kak npaanno, nensaec1nL. apanne
paanoHepnLx nnn cyuec1aenno o1nnakunxcn o1
penc1an1enLnoc1n nonen napaHe1poa snan1enLno cnnae1
1onoc1L pace1a n nsHenne1 kap1nny 1eennn. pnc1ponka
aLxopnon onac1n pae1 aosHonoc1L yec1L annnnne aos-
Hyuennn sa o1ekaeHLH 1enoH na 1eenne a pace1non o-
nac1n. pn noc1poennn axopnoro n aLxopnoro yac1koa ne
cnepye1 pacnonara1L rpannuy a Hec1ax c aosHonLHn
onLunHn rpapnen1aHn nsHenennn napaHe1poa (pnc 2.1, no-
snunn 2). ec1o pnn nee cnepye1 aLnpa1L 1aH, rpe nonn
pacnpepenennn napaHe1poa paanoHepnL (pnc 2.1, nosnunn
1). panennoc1L axopnon n aLxopnon rpannu o1 o1e-
kaeHoro o1ek1a, kak npaanno, saancn1 o1 peuaeHon
sapan n ponno L1L ne Henee neckonLknx kannpoa.
kaec1ae npnHepa na pnc 2.2 nokasana pace1nan
onac1L pnn pace1a 1eennn a Henona1onoH kanane
1ypnnL. ak anpno, ona copepn1 ne 1onLko caH kanan, no
n snan1enLnLe axopnLe n aLxopnLe onac1n, ypanennLe
o1 kpoHok nona1ok na aennnny ne Henee uara peue1kn.
45
2.+. en noc1poenns
reoHe1pnn
. 2.*. osHoxnme qopHm
pacve1non Hopenn no1oka rasa
. 2.2 XF$Ha pacve1non Hopenn pns nccnepoaanns 1evenns
rasa a aneHen1apnoH aenue 1ypnnm
nepye1 o1He1n1L, 1o konqnrypaunn pace1non
onac1n (nanpnHep, npepc1aanennan na pnc. 2.2) ne
46
nanne1cn epnnc1aennon. ace1nan onac1L Hoe1 nHe1L
pasnnnLe qopHL, npneH 1onoc1L pace1a o1 nee Hano
saancn1. eko1opLe ns aosHonLx qopH pace1non onac1n
no1oka a peue1ke npoqnnen 1ypnnL nokasanL na pnc. 2.3.
enk onepaunn c reoHe1pnen a nporpaHHe Gamb! (pnc.
2.4) aLsLaae1cn naa1neH knonkn a rnaanoH Henk.
neH pacnonarak1cn knonkn poc1yna k koHanpaH pao1L c
1okaHn , nnnnnHn , noaepxnoc1nHn , o1eHaH
n rpynnaHn .
nnnnan c1pyk1ypa Henk onepaunn c aneHen1aHn
reoHe1pnn nokasana na pnc. 2.5 na npnHepe Henk "a2%
(noaepxnoc1n). ak anpno, ono coc1on1 ns knonok,
o1kpLaakunx poc1yn k nopHenk coo1ae1c1aykunx koHanp.
x copepanne nokasano na pnc. 2.5.
accHo1pn ocnoanLe rpynnL Henk nopponee.
2.1. oc1poenne aneHen1oa reoHe1pnn
oc1yn k nopHenk noc1poennn o1ek1a ocyuec1anne1cn
naa1neH neaon aepxnen knonkn a coo1ae1c1aykueH Henk
onepaunn c aneHen1aHn reoHe1pnn (Q na pnc. 2.5). a1on
nosnunn naxopn1cn ceHenc1ao koHanp noc1poennn
aneHen1oa, pasnnakunxcn npnnunnoH cospannn o1ek1oa.
oc1yn k nnH ocyuec1anne1cn naa1neH npaaon knonkon
HLun.
5
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49
2... en koHanpm
noc1poenns 1ovek no
kooppnna1aH
2.1.1. Y44$$ 4E$J
oc1poenne 1oek a nporpaHHe Gamb! ocyuec1anne1cn a
nopHenk pao1L c 1okaHn . oka nanne1cn nnsunH
aneHen1oH reoHe1pnn n Hoe1 L1L noc1poena
cnepykunHn cnocoaHn.
1. Y4 J44G# .
1o nanonee ac1o
npnHenneHLn cnoco cospannn
1oek. enk koHanpL
noc1poennn 1oek no koop-
pnna1aH nokasano na pnc. 2.6.
neH, a none >//;=&a!%
74P(+ aLnpae1cn , a ko1opon
ypy1 aaopn1cn kooppnna1L
1okn. nc1eHa Hoe1 L1L
pekap1oaon (>a;!%Pa&),
unnnnppneckon (>4#&=;2a#)
nnn cqepneckon (73j%;2a#).
none G#/ba# aaopn1cn kooppn-
na1L a rnoanLnon . kae-
c1ae anL1epna1naL a none A/2a# Hory1 L1L aaepenL
kooppnna1L a nokanLnon cnc1eHe. pneH kooppnna1L,
aaopnHLe a opnon nokanLnon a none A/2a#+ ypy1 aa-
1oHa1neckn nepecn1anL a rnoanLnon n nonan1cn a none
G#/ba# n naoopo1.
2. Y44$$ 4EJ 7 . 1a koHanpa
nosaonne1 cospa1L 1oky na nnnnn, sapaa ee kooppnna1L
nnn o1nouenne, a ko1opoH ona penn1 o1pesok (a none U
0a#$%). oc1poennan 1oka ne penn1 nnnnk na ac1n.
*. Y44$$ 4EJU 7$?Z$6 C48$F4
. 1o1 cnoco cxo c npepLpyunH n npnHenne1cn a
50
. 2.9. en koHanpm
noc1poenns 1ovek na
nepecevennn payx nnnnn
. 2.8. en koHanpm
noc1poenns nnnnn no
cymec1aymnH 1ovkaH
ocnoanoH pnn noc1poennn acnoHora1enLnLx 1oek, ko1opLe
a panLnenueH ypy1 ncnonLsoaa1Lcn npn paspenennn
noaepxnoc1n na ac1n.
+. Y44$$ 4EJU
7$?Z$6 8 43[$#$ . 1o1
cnoco noxo na npepLpyune
paa. pnHenne1cn pepko.
,. Y44$$ 4EJ 8
#$$ C$$$E$ G8F
76 . enk a1on
koHanpL nokasano na pnc 2.7.
ao1a a neH ne cnona n
saknkae1cn a aLope payx
nepecekakunxcn nnnnn a nonnx
Z=6%Q n Z=6% [( onyennan
1oka ne penn1 ncxopnLe nnnnn na ac1n.
.. Y44$$ 4EJ 8 \$$ 43[$# .
9. Y44$$ 4846 4EJ C4$J48$#
Z$8]Z$6 7] .
2.1.2. Y44$$ 76
oc1poenne nnnnn a nporpaHHe Gamb! ocyuec1annk1cn
a nopHenk pao1L c nnnnnHn
c noHouLk koHanp, poc1yn
k ko1opLH ocyuec1anne1cn
naa1neH opnon ns knonok,
naxopnunxcn a aepxnen neaon
nosnunn (Q na pnc 2.5). nnnn
Hory1 L1L noc1poenL
cnepykunHn cnocoaHn.
51
. 2.>. en koHanpm
noc1poenns pyr
1. Y44$$ 7 C4 Z$8]Z# 4EJ# .
enk a1on koHanpL nokasano na pnc. 2.8. a1oH Henk a
none z%;!2%P aLnpak1cn 1okn, nannkunecn konuaHn
o1peska. ncno 1oek Hoe1 L1L nkLH, 1o nosaonne1 c
noHouLk pannon koHanpL c1pon1L noHannLe. pnako,
1oka Hoe1 L1L aLpana 1onLko opnn pas, noa1oHy
noHannyk nenLsn saHkny1L. onyennan nnnnn Hoe1 L1L
kak anp1yanLnon, 1ak n peanLnon. Lop 1nna reoHe1pnn
ocyuec1anne1cn ak1naaunen co-
o1ae1c1aykuen onunn. o
yHonannk a1o B%a# (peanLnan
reoHe1pnn).
oc1poenne sanyckae1cn
naa1neH knonkn 533#4.
2. Y44$$ GD
7 4J?4 . enk
noc1poennn pyrn npnaepeno na
pnc. 2.9. enk noc1poennn
okpynoc1n aLrnnpn1
ananornno. 1n aneHen1L Hory1 L1L noc1poenL cne-
pykunHn cnocoaHn:
no payH 1okaH n uen1py pyrn/ okpynoc1n (Q na pnc.
2.9);
no 1peH 1okaH na okpynoc1n/pyre ([ na pnc. 2.9).
poHe 1oro, pyra Hoe1 L1L noc1poena no payH yrnaH
n papnycy (3 na pnc. 2.9).
ocne aLopa cnocoa noc1poennn a none z%;!%D
nonan1cn nynk1L, npepnarakune aLpa1L neoxopnHLe
aneHen1L. ac1noc1n, npn noc1poennn pyrn no uen1py n
payH 1okaH a none >%&!%; aLnpae1cn 1oka uen1pa
okpynoc1n, a a none Z&=-]/&!P - konuL pyrn (pnc. 2.9).
52
. 2.11. en koHanpm
noc1poenns cnnanna
. 2.10. en koHanpm
noc1poenns pyrn
apamenneH 1ovkn
o1nocn1enLno ocn
*. Y44$$ GD
8Z$$# 4EJ
44$7@4 C4847@46
4 . enk a1on koHanpL
nokasano na pnc. 2.10. neH a
none z%;!2%P sapae1cn
ncxopnan (apauaeHan) 1oka.
none 5&6#% aaopn1cn yron
noaopo1a. cL apauennn
onpepenne1cn a Henk, poc1yn k
ko1opoHy ocyuec1anne1cn
naa1neH knonkn ?%}&% a none
5DP (nopponee o onncannn
ocen a Gamb! cH. n. 1.5).
4. poHe oLnon pyrn a
nporpaHHe Gamb! Hory1 L1L
1ake noc1poenL J4E$J$
^77CE$J$
GD.
,. Y44$$ C76U
onncLaaeHoro ypaanenneH
1pe1Lero nopnpka c noHouLk
koHanpL V$;bP . e Henk
nokasano pnc. 2.11. neH, a none z%;!2%P nocnepoaa1enLno
aLnpak1cn 1okn, npnnapneaune cnnanny. oc1poenne
nnnnn sanyckae1cn naa1neH knonkn 533#4.
.. XJD7$$ D7, opasoaannoro payHn
npnxopnunHn a 1oky nnnnnHn, ocyuec1anne1cn c noHouLk
koHanpL "##%! 5;2 . e Henk nokasano na pnc. 2.12. e
penc1ane nokasano na pnc 2.13. none Z=6% Q aLnpae1cn
opna nnnnn, opasykuan yron, a none Z=6% [ . ppyran.
53
none Ba=$P aaopn1cn papnyc ckpyrnennn. cnn a ykasannoH
Henk knonky :;m %=6%P oc1aan1L ne naa1on, 1o nnnnn,
opasykune yron, ypy1 coxpanenL.
9. Y44$$ 7 G8?$$# 4EJ C4
C87_]Z$6 . kaec1ae nanpaannkuen Hoe1
L1L ncnonLsoaana cyuec1aykuan nnnnn nkon konqnrypa-
unn (Z=6%) nnn aek1op (z%2!/;). enk koHanpL nokasano na
pnc. 2.14. enk onncannn aek1opa nonan1cn nocne naa1nn
knonkn ?%}&% (nonan1cn nocne naa1nn knonkn z%2!/;). ak
sapa1L aek1op noppono onncano a n.1.5. anpaannkuan nn-
nnn Hoe1 naxopn1cn a nkoH Hec1e npoc1panc1aa.
54
. 2.12. en koHanpm
ckpyrnenns yrnoa (F)ll"
A2P)
. 2.1+. en koHanpm
noc1poenns nnnnn
panxenneH 1ovkn no
nanpaansmen
8. Y4$\48$
Z$8]Z$6 7
C48$F4@ . enk
koHanpL nokasano na pnc. 2.15,
a ee penc1ane na pnc. 2.16.
Henk a none Z=6%P aLnpak1cn
npoeunpyeHLe nnnnn, a none "a2% - noaepxnoc1L, na
ko1opyk ocyuec1anne1cn npoeunpoaanne. cnn ak1nana
onunn >#/P%P! =P!a&2%, 1o npoeunpoaanne ype1
ocyuec1aneno no
kpa1anueHy ny1n. cnn
aLpa1L onunk ?;%2!/&, 1o
nanpaanenne npoeunpoaannn
ype1 onpepenn1Lcn aek1o-
poH, ko1opLn
npepaapn1enLno nyno
onnca1L (cH. n.1.5). cnn
ak1nanpoaa1L onunk 73#!
55
. 2.1*. enc1ane koHanpm
F)l- A2P
. 2.1,. en koHanpm
npoeunpoaanns nnnnn na
noaepxnoc1L
la2%, 1o nnockoc1L, na ko1opyk ocyuec1anne1cn
npoeunpoaanne, ype1 nopenena na ac1n nnnnen npoekunn.
2.1.*. Y44$$ C48$F4$6
oc1poenne noaepxnoc1en a
nporpaHHe Gamb! ocyuec1ann-
e1cn a nopHenk pao1L c
noaepxnoc1nHn c noHouLk
koHanp, poc1yn k ko1opLH
ocyuec1anne1cn naa1neH opnon
ns knonok, naxopnunxcn a
aepxnen neaon nosnunn (Q na pnc
2.5). oaepxnoc1n Hory1 L1L no-
c1poenL cnepykunHn cnocoaHn.
1. Y4 #J4# J4
76 . pn pannoH cnocoe
noc1poennn a Henk a none Edges
neoxopnHo aLpa1L ace nnnnn
opasykune kon1yp noaepxnoc1n. on1yp onsa1enLno
ponen L1L saHkny1. opnpok aLopa nnnnn snaennn ne
nHee1. nnnn ne ponnL nepeceka1Lcn. cnyae ecnn onn
koHnnanapnL, 1o ncno nnnnn, coc1aannkunx saHkny1Ln
kon1yp, Hoe1 L1L nkLH. cnn nnnnn ne koHnnanapnL,
ncno nnnnn ne ponno npeaLua1L e1Lpex.
2. Y44$$ C77$74D## C4 $# 4EJ#
. enc1ane koHanpL nokasano na pnc 2.17.
. 2.19. oc1poenne napannenorpaHHa no 1peH 1ovkaH
56
. 2.1.. enc1ane
koHanpm
npoeunpoaanns
nnnnn na
*. Y44$$ #4D4D47@J C4 Z$8]Z#
4EJ# . pn noc1poennn noaepxnoc1n 1aknH cnocooH
aaen nopnpok aLopa 1oek. nn aLnpak1cn c1poro
nocnepoaa1enLno no nnn npo1na acoaon c1penkn. okn, no
ko1opLH c1pon1cn HnoroyronLnnk, ponnL npnnapnea1L
opnon nnockoc1n. enc1ane koHanpL nokasano na pnc. 2.18.
. 2.18. oc1poenne HnoroyronLnnka no 1ovkaH
+. Y4 _G# 4E$J . enc1ane koHanpL nokasano
na pnc. 2.19.
. 2.1>. oc1poenne noaepxnoc1n no pspaH 1ovkek
,. Y4 7_# . enc1ane koHanpL nokasano na pnc.
2.20. nnnn, no ko1opLH c1pon1cn noaepxnoc1L, ponnL
L1L napannenLnL. Lop nnnnn onsa1enLno
ocyuec1anne1cn a nocnepoaa1enLnoH nopnpke.
. 2.20. oc1poenne noaepxnoc1n no nnnnsH
.. Y4 $J$ 76 . enc1ane koHanpL nokasano
na pnc. 2.21. nnnn, opasykune noaepxnoc1L, ponnL
nepeceka1Lcn.
57
. 2.2*. en koHanpm
noc1poenns noaepxnoc1n
panxenneH nnnnn no
nanpaansmen
. 2.21. oc1poenne noaepxnoc1n no ce1ke nnnnn
9. Y44$$
C48$F4 8Z$$#
7 8JD 8A346 4
. enk koHanpL nokasano
na pnc. 2.22. neH aLnpae1cn
ncxopnan nnnnn (a none Z=6%P),
yron noaopo1a (5&6#%) n on-
pepenne1cn ocL apauennn
(5DP),nopono 1oHy, kak a1o
Lno onncano a n. 1.5.
8. Y44$$
C48$F4 G8?$$#
Z$8]Z$6 7 8G47@
G4D4 C87$_ .
enk koHanpL nokasano na
pnc. 2.23. e penc1ane nokasano
na pnc. 2.24. oaepxnoc1L
Hoe1 L1L nonyena
panenneH aponL cyuec1-
aykuen nnnnn nnn aek1opa.
pn a1oH nanpaannkuan n
nepeHeuaeHan nnnnn Hory1
naxopn1Lcn a nkoH Hec1e
pace1non onac1n. nnnn,
ko1opan ype1 panra1Lcn aponL
nanpaannkuen, aLnpae1cn a
none Q (pnc 2.23). none ]a!j 2
58
. 2.22. en koHanpm
noc1poenns noaepxnoc1n
apamenneH nnnnn aokpyr
ocn
(pnc. 2.23) nponcxopn1 aLop 1nna nanpaannkuen: nnnnn
(Z=6%) nnn aek1op (z%2!/;). cnyae aLopa nnnnn, a
nnneH none Z=6% S (pnc. 2.23) aLnpae1cn nanpaannkuan.
pn sapannn aek1opa na a1oH Hec1e nonan1cn knonka ?%-
}&%+ ko1opan o1kpLaae1 poc1yn k Henk onpepenennn
aek1opa, noppono onncannoH a n. 1.5. pn panennn nnnnn
aponL nanpaannkuen nepaan ns nnx Hoe1 apaua1Lcn o1-
nocn1enLno a1opon. a1oH cnyae nonyae1cn ckpyennan
noaepxnoc1L. 1oL sapa1L panenne nnnnn c noaopo1oH a
none i3!/& (4 na pnc. 2.23) nyno aLpa1L onunk :CP! n
aaec1n snaenne yrna noaopo1a a none 5&6#%.
. 2.2+. enc1ane koHanpm noc1poenns noaepxnoc1n
panxenneH nnnnn no nanpaansmen
>. Y44$$ JD 4Z$87_$_ C4#4Z@]
J4#GA . pyr Hoe1 L1L noc1poen no 1peH 1okaH
na okpynoc1n nnn payH 1okaH n papnycy. neunnn anp
Henk noc1poennn kpyroa n pao1a c nnH cxon c Henk
noc1poennn pyr n okpynoc1en, paccHo1pennLHn a
npepLpyueH paspene.
poHe nepencnennLx aLue cnocooa a nporpaHHe
Gamb! npepycHo1penL cneunanLnLe koHanpL noc1poennn
npnHn1nanLx payxHepnLx o1ek1oa: npnHoyronLnnka ,
kpyra , annnnca . oc1yn k nnH ocyuec1anne1cn
naa1neH a1opon knonkn cneaa a aepxneH pnpy a Henk
onepaunn c noaepxnoc1nHn ([ na pnc. 2.5). ao1a c a1nHn
koHanpaHn cnonoc1en ne npepc1aanne1.
59
2.1.+. Y44$$ 43[$#48
oc1poenne o1eHoa a nporpaHHe Gamb!
ocyuec1annk1cn a nopHenk pao1L c o1eHaHn c
noHouLk koHanp, poc1yn k ko1opLH ocyuec1anne1cn
naa1neH opnon ns knonok, naxopnunxcn a aepxnen neaon
nosnunn (Q na pnc. 2.5). nporpaHHe Gamb! npnHenne1cn
e1Lpe cnocoa noc1poennn o1eHoa. accHo1pnH nx
akpa1ue.
1. Y44$$ 43[$# C4 4DE8]Z# $D4
C48$F4_# . enk
koHanpL nokasano na pnc. 2.25.
ao1a c nnH necnona: a none
"a2%P aLnpak1cn noaepxnoc1n,
opasykune saHkny1Ln o1eH.
oHanpa sanyckae1cn knonkon
533#4. opnpok aLopa no-
aepxnoc1en snaennn ne nHee1.
LpannLe noaepxnoc1n
ponnL opasoaLaa1L
saHkny1Ln o1eH.
60
. 2.2,. en koHanpm
noc1poenns oeHa no
orpannvnaamnH
noaepxnoc1sH
. 2.2.. en koHanpm
noc1poenns oeHa
apamenneH noaepxnoc1n
aokpyr ocn
2. Y44$$ 43[$#
8Z$$# Z$8]Z$6
C48$F4 84JD
8A346 4 . enk
koHanpL nokasano na pnc. 2.26.
nn noc1poennn o1eHa a none
"a2%P aLnpae1cn ncxopnan no-
aepxnoc1L - nc1onnk, a none 5&-
6#% aaopn1cn yron noaopo1a n on-
pepenne1cn ocL apauennn (cH. n.
1.5). enc1ane koHanpL
nokasano na pnc. 2.27.
*. Y44$$ 43[$# G8?$$# C48$F4
8G47@ 8A346 7 7 8$J4 . enk ko-
HanpL nokasano na pnc 2.28. ao1a c nnH nopona pao1e c
Henk koHanpL noc1poennn noaepxnoc1n panenneH nnnnn
aponL nanpaannkuen, onncannon aLue. enc1ane koHanpL
nokasano na pnc. 2.29.
+. Y44$$ 43[$# C4 D_# . nnnn,
orpannaakune o1eH n nannkunecn kapkacoH ero rpanen,
ponnL nHe1L oune 1okn. ncno nnnnn Hoe1 L1L
nkLH. enc1ann koHanpL nokasano na pnc. 2.30.
61
. 2.29. enc1ane koHanpm
noc1poenns oeHa apamenneH
noaepxnoc1n aokpyr ocn
. 2.28. en koHanpm
noc1poenns oeHa
panxenneH noaepxnoc1n
aponL nanpaansmen
poHe nepencnennLx aLue cnocooa cospannn o1eHoa
a nporpaHHe Gamb! nHek1cn pononnn1enLno koHanpL
noc1poennn npnHn1nanLx qnryp.
. 2.2>. enc1ane koHanpm noc1poenns oeHa panxenneH
noaepxnoc1n aponL nanpaansmen
. 2.*0. enc1ane koHanpm noc1poenns oeHa no
orpannvnaamnH nnnnsH
oc1yn k koHanpaH noc1poennn npnHn1nanon reoHe1pnn
ocyuec1anne1cn naa1neH a1opon knonkn cneaa a aepxneH
pnpy a Henk onepaunn c o1eHaHn ([ na pnc. 2.5). ao1a a
Henk koHanp noc1poennn npoc1Lx qnryp cnonoc1en ne
npepc1aanne1. kaec1ae npnHepa na pnc. 2.31 npnaepeno
Henk koHanpL noc1poennn npnHoyronLnoro napan-
nenennnepa . a1oH Henk a none ?;%2!/& sapae1cn
nonoenne napannenennnepa o1nocn1enLno cnc1eHL
kooppnna1.
62
. 2.*1. en
koHanpm noc1poenns
npsHoyronLnoro
napannenennnepa
. 2.*2. en
pepak1npoaanns
reoHe1pnn
poHe npnHoyronLnoro napan-
nenennnepa aosHono noc1poe-
nne unnnnppa , nnpaHnpL
, yceennoro konyca ,
npnsHL , cqepL , 1opa
.
2.2. epeHemenne n
konnpoaanne aneHen1oa
reoHe1pnn
pn noc1poennn pace1non
onac1n ac1o aosnnkae1 neoxo-
pnHoc1L nepeHeuennn,
konnpoaannn, Hacu1anpoaannn n
ppyrnx penc1ann nap
cyuec1aykunHn
reoHe1pnecknHn o1ek1aHn.
accHo1pnH kak onn
ocyuec1annk1cn a nporpaHHe
Gamb!(
2.2.1. Y$$#$Z$$ J4C48$ ^7$#$48
D$4#$ C4#4Z@] J4#GA '01KP0Q`
cnoanon koHanpon pepak1npoaannn rpaqnecknx
aneHen1oa a nporpaHHe nanne1cn koHanpa m/0%12/34 ,
knonka ko1opon naxopn1cn a neaon nnnen nosnunn Henk a
Henk onepaunn c aneHen1aHn reoHe1pnn (^ na pnc. 2.5).
neunnn anp Henk m/0%12/34 nokasan na pnc. 2.32. no
nHee1 anp opnnakoaLn pnn acex aneHen1oa reoHe1pnn.
63
noHouLk a1on koHanpL Hono nepeHeua1L (m/0%) nnn
konnpoaa1L o1ek1 (2/34) opnnH ns e1Lpex cnocooa:
nnnennLH nepeHeuenneH (:;a&P#a!%);
apauenneH aokpyr aLpannon ocn (B/!a!%);
Hacu1anpoaanneH (72a#%);
sepkanLnLH o1paenneH o1nocn1enLno aLpannon
nnockoc1n (B%%2!).
esynL1a1 penc1ann koHanpL m/0%12/34 nokasan na pnc.
2.33.
Lop penc1ann nap o1ek1oH (nepeHeuenne nnn
konnpoaanne) onpepenne1cn aLopoH coo1ae1c1aykuen
onunn a aepxnen ac1n Henk. none i3%;a!/& aLnpae1cn
opnn ns e1Lpex cnocooa 1pancqopHaunn o1ek1a.
. 2.**. enc1ans nap oek1aHn reoHe1pnn, amnonnseHme
c noHomL koHanpm '01KP0Q`
ne naxopn1cn onac1L Henk, a ko1opon onpepennk1cn
konkpe1nLe napaHe1pL konnpoaannn/nepeHeuennn. e
copepanne saanc1n o1 aLpannoro cnocoa
1pancqopHaunn aneHen1a. ac1noc1n na pnc. 2.32 nokasan
aneunnn anp Henk pnn cnyan nnnennoro konnpoaannn/
nepeHeuennn. neH a nnnen ac1n Henk cnepye1
aLpa1L n aaec1n aennnny cHeuennn aponL 1peyeHon
ocn.
pn konnpoaannn/nepeHeuennn o1ek1a no okpynoc1n
a cpepnen ac1n Henk nonan1cn none 5&6#%, a ko1opon
cnepye1 aaec1n yron noaopo1a, n knonka ?%}&%+ sa ko1opon
64
2.*+ en Al)O!
ckpLaae1cn Henk onpepenennn ocn apauennn, noppono
onncannoe a n. 1.5.
cnn aneHen1 reoHe1pnn neoxopnHo sepkanLno
o1opasn1L o1nocn1enLno nnockoc1n, 1o nocne aLopa
onunn B%%2!, a cpepnen ac1n Henk nonan1cn knonka
?%}&%( a nen ckpLaae1cn Henk onncannn aek1opa,
nopHanLnoro k o1paakuen noaepxnoc1n. pouecc
onncannn aek1opa npnaepen a n.1.5.
2.2.2. Y$$#$Z$$ ^7$#$48 D$4#$ C4#4Z@]
J4#GA Al)O!
nL1epna1naon koHanpL
m/0%1 2/34 nanne1cn koHanpa
5#6& (pnc. 2.34). na 1ake
nosaonne1 nepeHeua1L,
apaua1L reoHe1pneckne
o1ek1L, no a ocnoae nHee1
ppyron npnnunn 1pancqop-
Haunn. epeHeuenne
aneHen1oa ocyuec1anne1cn sa
ce1 ykasannn asoaLx 1oek a
kaec1ae naanLnoro n ko-
nenoro nonoennn o1ek1a.
enc1ane koHanpL nponnnk-
c1pnpoaano na pnc. 2.35.
. 2.*,. enc1ane koHanpm Al)O!
65
. 2.*.. en cnoxenns
oek1oa
2.3. noxenne, amvn1anne n nepecevenne
oeHoa n noaepxnoc1en
pyrnH He1opoH, ac1o npnHenneHLH npn noc1poennn
pace1non onac1n cnonon konqnrypaunn, nannk1cn
yneaL onepaunn: cnoenne, aLn1anne n nepeceenne.
nn poc1ynnL 1onLko pnn noaepxnoc1en n o1eHoa.
oc1yn k yneaLH onepaunnH ocyuec1anne1cn naa1neH
1pe1Len cneaa knonkn a aepxneH pnpy a Henk onepaunn c
aneHen1aHn reoHe1pnn (S na pnc. 2.5).
oHanpa cnoennn nosaonne1 nonyn1L opnn ounn
aneHen1 reoHe1pnn, copepaunn ace 1okn cnaraeHLx.
enk cnoennn aneHen1oa (pnc. 2.36) aLsLaae1cn na-
a1neH knonkn . noHouLk pannon koHanpL cospa-
e1cn opnn o1ek1, ko1opLn
copepn1 onac1n
npoc1panc1aa, axopnune ao ace
cnaraeHLe aneHen1L. ncno
cknapLaaeHLx o1ek1oa Hoe1
L1L nkLH. enc1ane
koHanpL nokasano na pnc. 2.37.
cxopnLe aneHen1L, yac1-
aykune a onepaunn cnoennn,
ypannk1cn. pnako, ecnn a Henk cnoennn (pnc. 2.36)
naa1L knonky B%!a&+ ncxopnLe o1ek1L ypy1 coxpanenL.
oHanpa aLn1annn aneHen1a O ns aneHen1a )
nosaonne1 nonyn1L o1ek1, copepaunn 1y ac1L o1ek1a
O+ ko1opan ne nanne1cn ouen c o1ek1oH ).
66
. 2.*9. noxenne aneHen1oa
enk aLn1annn aneHen1oa
aLsLaae1cn naa1neH knonkn
. ro aneunnn anp nokasan
na pnc. 2.38. a1oH Henk a none
Q ykasLaae1cn aneHen1, ns
ko1oporo ocyuec1anne1cn
aLn1anne, a a none 2 -
aLn1aeHLn o1ek1. aa1ne
knonkn B%!a& a Henk nosaonne1
coxpann1L konnk ncxopnLx
aneHen1oa, yac1aykunx a
onepaunn aLn1annn. enc1ane koHanpL nokasano na
pnc.2.39.
. 2.*>. mvn1anns aneHen1oa
67
. 2.*8. en koHanpm
amvn1anns aneHen1oa
oHanpa nepeceennn aneHen1oa O n ) nosaonne1
nonyn1L o1ek1, nannkunncn ounH pnn pannLx
aneHen1oa. enc1ane koHanpL nokasano na pnc.2.40.
. 2.+0. epecevenne aneHen1oa
enk nepeceennn
aneHen1oa aLsLaae1cn
naa1neH knonkn . ro
aneunnn anp nokasan na pnc.
2.41. neHen1L reoHe1pnn,
nepeceenne ko1opLx
neoxopnHo nan1n, aLnpak1cn a epnnc1aennoH none Henk.
aa1ne knonkn B%!a& a Henk nosaonne1 coxpann1L konnn
ncxopnLx aneHen1oa.
2.4. aspenenne aneHen1oa reoHe1pnn na vac1n n
oepnnenne neckonLknx reoHe1pnvecknx
aneHen1oa a opnn
pn noc1poennn pace1non onac1n ac1o aosnnkae1
neoxopnHoc1L paspenn1L kakon-nno aneHen1 reoHe1pnn
na ac1n c noHouLk 1okn, nnnnn, noaepxnoc1n nnn
o1eHa. ake ak1yanLnon nanne1cn koHanpa o1epnnennn
neckonLknx aneHen1oa a opnn.
68
. 2.+1. en
nepecevenns aneHen1oa
nn aLnonnennn 1aknx
onepaunn ncnonLsye1cn
koHanpa P3#!1m%;6%( oc1yn k
nen ocyuec1anne1cn epes
a1opyk cneaa knonky ao a1opoH
pnpy a Henk onepaunn c
aneHen1aHn reoHe1pnn (~ na
pnc. 2.5).
aspenenne nnnnn na ac1n
ocyuec1anne1cn c noHouLk ko-
HanpL 73#! %=6% . enk
a1on koHanpL nokasano na pnc.
2.42.
nnnn Hoe1 L1L nopenena
na ac1n 1peHn cnocoaHn:
1okon, nonoenne
ko1opon ykasLaae1cn kooppnna1aHn nnn o1nouenneH,
a ko1opoH ona penn1 o1pesok (]/&!);
cyuec1aykuen 1okon, neauen na nnnnn (z%;!%D);
1okon nepeceennn payx nnnnn (Z=6%).
noco penennn nnnnn aLnpae1cn a cnncke 73#! <!j (1
na pnc. 2.42)
cnn o1pesok penn1cn necyuec1aykuen 1okon (]/&!{+
1o a none U 0a#$% (2 na pnc. 2.42) sapae1cn o1nouenne, a
ko1opoH 1oka penn1 o1pesok. anpnHep, U 0a#$% paanoe
T+m+ osnaae1, 1o ncxopnLn o1pesok penn1cn na pae paanLe
ac1n. ooppnna1L pennuen 1okn (ecnn onn nsaec1nL)
aaopn1cn a none S pnc. 2.42.
cnyae aLopa cnocoa penennn nnnnn cyuec1aykuen
1okon (z%;!%D{ Henk 73#! %=6% npnHe1 anp, nokasannLn na
pnc 2.43. a1oH Henk a none Q aLnpae1cn pennHLn
o1pesok, a a none [ - pennuan 1oka.
pn penennn nnnnn 1okon nepeceennn c ppyron
nnnnen Henk npnHe1 anp, nokasannLn na pnc. 2.44.
69
. 2.+2. en koHanpm
penenns nnnnn na vac1n

. 2.+*. en koHanpm
penenns nnnnn na vac1n
cymec1aymen 1ovkon
. 2.++. en koHanpm
paspenenns nnnnn na
vac1n 1ovkon nepecevenns
c ppyron nnnnen
a1oH Henk a none Z=6%,
oosnaennoH unqpon Q+
aLnpae1cn pennHan nnnnn, a a
none Z=6%, oosnaennoH
unqpon [ - pennuan nnnnn. pn
naa1nn knonkn 533#4 nepaan
nnnnn ype1 nopenena 1okon
nepeceennn na pae ac1n, a
a1opan ypanena. cnn a a1oH
Henk naa1L knonky B%!a&+ 1o
nocne aLnonnennn onepaunn ko-
nnn ncxopnLx nnnnn ypy1
coxpanenL. cnn ak1nanpoaa1L
onunk `=%;%2!/&a#, 1o 1oka
nepeceennn ype1 penn1L na
ac1n oe nnnnn, yac1aykune a
onepaunn.
enenne noaepxnoc1n na
ac1n ocyuec1anne1cn c
noHouLk koHanpL 73#! la2%
. enk koHanpL
nokasano na pnc. 2.45.
enenne noaepxnoc1n
Hoe1 nponcxopn1L c
noHouLk noaepxnoc1n
("a2% B%a#), nnnnn (Z=6%), payx
1oek (z%;!%D), neaunx na
noaepxnoc1n. Lop
cnocoa penennn
ocyuec1anne1cn a cnncke 73#!
<!j (Q na pnc. 2.45).
aspenneHan noaepxnoc1L
aLnpae1cn a none [, a
70
pennunn aneHen1 a none S.
Henk 1ake nHek1cn onunn
B%!a& n `=%;%2!/&a#, aL-
nonnnkune 1e e qynkunn, 1o
n a Henk penennn o1peska.
enenne o1eHa na ac1n
ocyuec1anne1cn c noHouLk ko-
HanpL 73#! z/#$m% .
enenne Hoe1
ocyuec1ann1Lcn c noHouLk
o1eHa nnn noaepxnoc1n. enk
a1on koHanpL n pao1a c nen
ananornnL Henk koHanpL
penennn noaepxnoc1n, onncan-
non aLue. esynL1a1L pen-
c1ann koHanpL nokasanL na
pnc. 2.46.
oHanpon opa1non 73#!
nanne1cn koHanpa 9%;6% .
e anL1epna1naon
nanne1cn cnoenne
71
. 2.+,. en
paspenenns noaepxnoc1n
na pae vac1n
. 2.+9. en koHanpm
M2O
. 2.+.. enenne oeHoa na
vac1n pasnnvnmHn cnocoaHn
aneHen1oa . oHanpa 9%;6% nosaonne1 o1epnnn1L
neckonLko aneHen1oa a opnn anp1yanLnLn aneHen1. nn
acex aneHen1oa a1a koHanpa cxoa no penc1ank. nnnnLn
anp Henk koHanpL 9%;6% nokasan na pnc. 2.47.
2.5. epnnenne coanapamnx oek1oa
pnpe cnyaea, nanpnHep, nocne nHnop1npoaannn nnn
konnpoaannn, pace1nan HopenL Hoe1 copepa1L
coanapakune aneHen1L - pasnnnLe reoHe1pneckne
o1ek1L, nHekune opnnakoaLe pasHepL, kooppnna1L n
1.p., a 1ake aneHen1L, kooppnna1L ko1opLx o1nnak1cn
ppyr o1 ppyra nesnan1enLno. oanapakune aneHen1L
cospak1 saHe1nLe 1pypnoc1n npn noc1poennn reoHe1pnn n
konenoaneHen1non ce1kn.
nn 1oro, 1oL ypann1L coanapakune aneHen1L,
ncnonLsye1cn koHanpa >/&&%2! . oc1yn k nen
ocyuec1anne1cn naa1neH a1opon cnpaaa a aepxneH pnpy
knonkn a Henk onepaunn c reoHe1pnecknHn aneHen1aHn (v
na pnc. 2.5). a1oH e Hec1e
naxopn1cn knonka poc1yna k
Henk koHanpL ?P2/&&%2! ,
penc1ane ko1opon opa1no
koHanpe >/&&%2!.
oHanpL
o1epnnennn/pas1epnnennn
poc1ynnL 1onLko pnn 1oek,
nnnnn n noaepxnoc1en.
enk koHanpL >/&&%2!
npnaepeno na pnc. 2.48. a1oH
Henk a none Q c noHouLk
HLun nnn ns cnncka
aLnpae1cn rpynna aneHen1oa,
72
. 2.+8. en koHanpm
H0!!P"
a ko1opon npepnonarae1cn nannne coanapakunx o1ek1oa
(pnn npoqnnak1nkn nHee1 cHLcn aLpa1L ace aneHen1L).
oHanpa sanyckae1cn naa1neH knonkn 533#4. anpennLe
coanapakune aneHen1L ypy1 ypanenL. cnyae, ecnn
HopenL panee Lna pasn1a na konenLe aneHen1L, ce1ka
ype1 coxpanena. 1y koHanpy
pekoHenpye1cn onsa1enLno
aLnonnn1L nocne sarpyskn nHnop-
1npoaannon reoHe1pnn. enc1ane
koHanpL >/&&%2! nokasano na
pnc. 2.49.
. 2.+>. enc1ane koHanpm H0!!P"
oHanpon opa1non koHanpe >/&&%2! nanne1cn koHanpa
?P2/&&%2! . na npepnasnaena pnn pas1epnnennn
aneHen1oa reoHe1pnn. pesynL1a1e ee aLnonnennn
cospae1cn pynnka1 aLpannoro o1ek1a, n pas1epnnnk1cn
o1ek1L aLcuero ypoann. neunnn anp Henk ?P2/&&%2!
nokasan na pnc 2.50. enc1ane koHanpL npepc1aaneno na
pnc. 2.51.
73
.2.,0. en koHanpm
a)MP0!!P"
. 2.,1. enc1ane koHanpm a)MP0!!P"
2.6. panenne aneHen1oa reoHe1pnn
panenne aneHen1oa reoHe1pnn ocyuec1anne1cn c
noHouLk koHanpL ?%#%!% . oc1yn k nen ocyuec1anne1cn
naa1neH kpannen npaaon knonkn a nnneH pnpy a Henk
onepaunn c aneHen1aHn reoHe1pnn (QT na pnc. 2.5). np
Henk koHanpL ?%#%!% nokasan na pnc. 2.52.
ao1a c koHanpon ne aLsLaae1 cnonoc1en. noHouLk
HLun aLnpak1cn o1ek1L, ko1opLe neoxopnHo ypann1L.
a1eH naa1neH knonkn 533#4 nop1aeppae1cn
aLnonnenne penc1ann. cnn a Henk ?%#%!% ak1nanpoaa1L
onunk A/C%; G%/m%!;4, 1o o1ek1 ype1 ypanen co aceHn
aneHen1aHn nnsuero ypoann (nnnnnHn, 1okaHn), npnnap-
neaunHn eHy. cnn a1a onunn ne ak1nana, 1o ype1
ypanen 1onLko aLpannLn o1ek1, ace coc1aannkune ero
aneHen1L nnsuero ypoann ypy1 coxpanenL.
2.7. pynna Hen pepak1npoaanns a1pny1oa
oc1yn k rpynne nopHenk pepak1npoaannn a1pny1oa
aneHen1oa ocyuec1anne1cn
naa1neH npaaon knonkn a
aepxneH pnpy a Henk
onepaunn c aneHen1aHn
reoHe1pnn (m na pnc. 2.5).
pecL Hoe1 L1L
ocyuec1anen poc1yn k
cnepykunH koHanpaH.
74
. 2.,2. en koHanpm
al"
- pepak1npoaanne uae1a aneHen1a. noHouLk
pannon koHanpL Hono nsHenn1L uae1 aneHen1a nnn ce1kn
nanecennon na neH.
- nsHenenne nHenn aneHen1a.
poHe ykasannLx aLue koHanp a nnneH pnpy a Henk
onepaunn c aneHen1aHn reoHe1pnn, ao a1opon cnpaaa
nosnunn ( na pnc. 2.5) naxopn1cn knonkn poc1yna k
koHanpaH nonyennn nnqopHaunn o o1ek1e:
- nnqopHaunn o o1ek1e. 1a koHanpa aLpae1
nonnyk nnqopHaunk o aLpenennoH aneHen1e, nanpnHep,
kooppnna1L 1oek nnsuen 1ononornn, nnouapL, o1eH,
nnqopHaunk o ce1ke n pp.;
- npoaepka aneHen1a na coo1ae1c1ane qopHa1y ACIS;
- accounaunn o1ek1a c nHeneH;
- aLncnenne cyHHapnoro ncna aneHen1oa.
2.8. nepaunn c nokanLnmHn cnc1eHaHn
kooppnna1
pn noc1poennn n pepak1npoaannn aneHen1oa
reoHe1pnn pace1non onac1n pnn ynpouennn aLnonnennn
neko1opLx onepaunn ypono ncnonLsoaa1L
acnoHora1enLnLe nokanLnLe .
oc1poenne, ypanenne n pepak1npoaanne nokanLnLx
ocyuec1anne1cn a rpynne Henk:
T00lM

H002-)!&"
/`M"'
(yc1anoakn) (nc1eHa
kooppnna1)
75
. 2.,*. pynna Hen
T00lM H002-)!&"
/`M"'
neunnn anp pannoro Henk
nokasan na pnc. 2.53. neH pacno-
narae1cn rpynna knonok poc1yna k
koHanpaH noc1poennn, pepak1npo-
aannn n nsHenennn a1pny1oa no-
kanLnLx .
kpa1ue paccHo1pnH a1n ko-
HanpL.
- 4G$ 74J7@46
Xb. neunnn anp Henk pannon
koHanpL nokasan na pnc. 2.54.
neH a aepxen ac1n Henk
aLnpae1cn 1nn nokanLnon (1 na pnc. 2.54): pekap1oaa
(>a;!%Pa&), unnnnppneckan (>4#&=;2a#) nnn cqepneckan
(73j%;2a#).
onoenne nokanLnon cnc1eHL o1nocn1enLno
rnoanLnon Hoe1 L1L sapano payHn cnocoaHn:
sapanneH nonoennn naana kooppnna1 n yrnoa
noaopo1a kooppnna1nLx ocen nokanLnon
o1nocn1enLno rnoanLnon (iP%!15&6#%);
no 1peH 1okaH, opna ns ko1opLx onpepenne1
nonoenne naana kooppnna1, a1opan - nonoenne ocn
', 1pe1Ln - nnockoc1L ' qz%;!2%P{(
Lop cnocoa noc1poennn ocyuec1anne1cn a none
A/2a!/& a&= /;%&!a!/& (2 na pnc. 2.54). 1o1 aLop
onpepenne1 napaHe1pL, ko1opLe neoxopnHo aaec1n pnn
onncannn . np Henk a nepaoH cnyae (iP%!15&6#%)
nokasan na pnc. 2.54. neH a nnnen ac1n Henk
neoxopnHo aaec1n yrnL, nop ko1opLHn noaepny1L ocn
noaon o1nocn1enLno cyuec1aykuen (a c1onue 5&6#%) n
na ckonLko cHeueno naano kooppnna1 (a c1onue iP%!).
pnako na npak1nke yponee sapaaa1L cnc1eHy
kooppnna1 1peHn 1okaHn qz%;!2%P{. np Henk a cnyae
aLopa 1akoro cnocoa nokasan na pnc. 2.55. neH a none
76
i;6& aLnpae1cn nonoenne naana kooppnna1 noaon ,
a none X aDP - 1oka npnnapneauan ocn X, a none XY
pane - 1oka npnnapneauan nnockoc1n X.
. 2.,+. en koHanpm
noc1poenns sapanneH
nonoxenns navana
kooppnna1 n yrnoa noaopo1a
kooppnna1nmx ocen
. 2.,,. en koHanpm
noc1poenns ykasanneH
asoamx 1ovek
- #$$$ 348 74J7@46 Xb. annan
koHanpa nosaonne1 nsHenn1L nasaanne n 1nn .
- 48J 74J7@46 Xb $JZ$6 C4
#47E] G7_ 8$F J4#G.
- 87\_ $J 8 437 C44$_.
oHanpa nosaonne1 aLaec1n na akpan ce1ky c nenkaHn
sapannLx pasHepoa, ko1opan Hoe1 L1L ncnonLsoaana pnn
noc1poennn o1ek1oa npoc1on qopHL.
- 443?$$ 8C4#4D$7@AF 7$$J 4_F
J44G (pnc. 2.56). nn 1oro, 1oL nx nokasa1L,
77
neoxopnHo aLpa1L nynk1 /& a cnncke nop nasaanneH
coo1ae1c1aykuen ocn.
. 2.,.. nnenkn na ocsx kooppnna1
- G7$$ 74J7@46 Xb. ao1a c pannon
koHanpon ne o1nnae1cn o1 koHanpL ypanennn nkoro
ppyroro aneHen1a reoHe1pnn.
2.9. pnHepm noc1poenns pacve1nmx Hopenen
2.>.1. Y#$ C44$_ $F#$46 E$46
#4G$7 448$ C#846 D$4#$
pannoH npnHepe ypy1 npopeHonc1pnpoaanL
ocnoanLe aosHonoc1n npenpoueccopa Gamb! no pao1e c
npoc1enunHn npoc1panc1aennLHn reoHe1pnecknHn
o1ek1aHn. kaec1ae nnnkc1paunn npepnarae1cn
noc1pon1L HopenL, coc1onuyk ns nepecekakunxcn
napannenennnepa n annnn1neckoro unnnnppa. neunnn
anp Hopenn, ko1opyk neoxopnHo cospa1L nokasan na pnc.
2.57.
78
. 2.,9. nemnnn anp pacve1non Hopenn ns npnHepa
1pa1ernn noc1poennn Hopenn coc1on1 a cnepykueH:
anaane cospak1cn npoc1enune coc1aannkune aneHen1L
(pnn paccHa1pnaaeHoro cnyan a1o napannenennnep n
annnn1necknn unnnnpp). a1eH onn c noHouLk onepaunn
cnoennn (cH. paspen 2.3) coepnnnk1cn a opnn o1eH.
oc1poenne Hopenn ocyuec1anne1cn a cnepykuen
nocnepoaa1enLnoc1n.
cD 1. anyck nporpaHHL Gamb! .
anyc1n1e npenpoueccop Gamb! naa1neH na
coo1ae1c1aykunn npnLk na paoeH c1one nnn ns Henk
L <&=/CP:
L ) \ "#$%&! W&2 ];/=$2!P Gamb!
[(S(Q^ Gamb! [(S(Q^
nonanaueHcn okne (pnc. 1.1) a none </;@&6 ?;%2!/;4
neoxopnHo aLpa1L nanky, a ko1opon ypy1 coxpann1Lcn
Hopenn a pannon ceccnn. ocne a1oro cnepye1 naa1L
knonky B$&. 1o npnaepe1 k nonanennk okna nporpaHHL
Gamb!+ ko1opoe nokasano na pnc. 1.2.
cD 2. apanne nHenn Hopenn.
79
nn onpepenennn nHenn anoaL cospaaaeHon pace1non
Hopenn a aepxneH Henk nyno aLpa1L cnepykune
nynk1L:
)-n "#% V%C(
onan1cn pnanoroaoe okno, nsopaennoe na pnc. 1.7.
neH nponsaopn1cn cnepykune penc1ann:
a rpaqe W? aaopn1cn nHn Hopenn na1nncknHn
ykaaHn (nanpnHep+baP6%/m);
aLop nHenn nop1aeppae1cn naa1neH knonkn
522%3!.
ocne a1oro penc1ann nonan1cn okno y1onnkuee corna-
cne nonLsoaa1enn na sakpL1ne npepLpyuen ceccnn. neH
cnepye1 naa1L knonky o%P. ocne a1oro a aepxneH neaoH
yrny okna nporpaHHL nonan1cn aLpannoe nHn Hopenn.
cD *. Lop nporpaHHL, a ko1opon ype1 nponcxopn1L
pe uenne paccHa1pnaaeHon sapan.
1 a1oro aLopa saancn1 naop poc1ynnLx rpannnLx
ycnoann n 1nnoa konenLx aneHen1oa. pannoH npnHepe
nonaraeH, 1o panLnenunn pace1 Hopenn ype1 npoxopn1L
a nporpaHHe "#$%&! ^. oa1oHy a aepxneH Henk cnepye1
aLpa1L:
)-n 7/#0%; "#$%&! m1^(
Y#$E$. npenpoueccope aepcnn Gamb! [(S(Q^
a1a nac1ponka yc1anoanena no yHonannk n pannLn nynk1
Hono ne aLnonnn1L.
cD +. oc1poenne napannenennnepa.
nn noc1poennn napannenennnepa a nanenn i3%;a!/&,
naxopnueHcn a npaaoH aepxneH yrny okna nporpaHHL
Gamb!+ cnepye1 aLpa1L:
G0'"2`

d0lu
'

H2&" 2&l
(2)Pe
(eoHe1pn
n)
(1
H)
(ospanne
napannenennne
pa)
80
pesynL1a1e nonan1cn Henk, nsopaennoe a cepepnne
npaaon ac1n na pnc. 2.58. neH cnepye1 noc1aan1L kypcop
a none <=!j (unpnna) n aaec1n ncnoaoe snaenne unpnnL
napannenennnepa. pasnpaeHoH npnHepe ona paana QT(
nanornnLH opasoH aaopn1cn snaenne pnnnL (a none
?%3!j) paanoe ^. epen1n ns nonn <=!j a none ?%3!j Hono
es ncnonLsoaannn HLun. nn a1oro cnepye1 naa1L
knaanuy :ab na knaana1ype. ono 1ake a none %6j!
Hono aaec1n snaenne aLco1L napannenennnepa( pnako,
ecnn ero oc1aan1L nyc1LH, 1o snaenne aLco1L ype1
npnnn1o paanLH snaennk unpnnL (<=!j{.
cnncke ?;%2!/& cnepye1 aLpa1L nynk1 >%&!%;%=. 1nH
opasoH ype1 onncano, 1o napannenennnep ype1
pacnonara1Lcn 1ak, 1o ero uen1p coanape1 c naanoH
kooppnna1.
Lnonnenne koHanpL sanyckae1cn naa1neH knonkn
533#4.
pa1n1e annHanne, 1o a okne coouennn nonan1cn
sanncL: 2;%a!%= 0/#$m%n 0/#$m%( Q, osnaakuee, 1o o1eH c
onncannLHn aLue pasHepaHn Ln cospan (pnc. 2.58).
. 2.,8. oc1poenne napannenennnepa
81
cnn noc1poenne nokasano, 1o npn onncannn qnrypL
Lnn cpenanL ounkn, penc1ane Hono o1Henn1L c no-
HouLk knonkn (o1Hena), pacnonoennon a nnneH
npaaoH yrny okna nporpaHHL.
cD ,. oc1poenne annnn1neckoro unnnnppa.
nn noc1poennn unnnnppa a nanenn i3%;a!/&, naxopn-
ueHcn a npaaoH aepxneH yrny okna nporpaHHL Gamb!+
cnepye1 aLpa1L:
G0'"2`

d0lu'

H2&"
2&l
P`l)!-2
(eoHe1pnn
)
(1H
)
(ospanne
unnnnppa
)
nn 1oro, 1oL nonyn1L poc1yn k knonke ,
neoxopnHo uenkny1L npaaon knaanuen HLun na knonke
n a nonanaueHcn cnncke aLpa1L 1peyeHyk koHanpy.
pesynL1a1e nonan1cn Henk, nsopaennoe a npaaon ac1n
okna nporpaHHL (pnc. 2.59).
. 2.,>. apannenennnep n annnn1nvecknn unnnnpp
82
neH neoxopnHo npoaec1n cnepykune penc1ann:
1. none %6j! cnepye1 aaec1n snaenne aLco1L
unnnnppa, paanoe QT.
2. none Ba=$P Q aaopn1cn snaenne HenLuero papnyca
annnnca (a paccHa1pnaaeHoH npnHepe S).
3. none Ba=$P [ aaopn1cn snaenne onLuero papnyca
annnnca (a paccHa1pnaaeHoH npnHepe ^).
4. nn paccHa1pnaaeHoro cnyan ocL unnnnppa coanapae1
c ocLk /8, naano kooppnna1 nen1 na opnon ns rpanen
unnnnppa, a caH on naxopn1cn a onac1n
nonon1enLnLx snaennn kooppnna1L 8. nn 1oro,
1oL a1o onnca1L a cnncke ?;%2!/& neoxopnHo
aLpa1L nynk1 ]/P!0% .
5. Lnonnenne koHanpL sanyckae1cn naa1neH knonkn
533#4.
onyennLn pesynL1a1 nokasan na pnc. 2.59.
cD .. 1epnnenne o1Hoa.
nn o1epnnennn noc1poennLx panee o1ek1oa a opnn
o1eH cnepye1 aocnonLsoaa1Lcn koHanpon:
G0'"2`

d0lu'

U!)"
2&l
10lu'
(eoHe1pnn
)
(1H
)
(cnoenn
e
o1eHoa)
pesynL1a1e
nonan1cn Henk,
nsopaennoe na pnc.
2.36. neH, a none
z/#$m%P+ cnepye1
aLpa1L o1epnnneHLe
o1eHL. Lop
ocyuec1anne1cn
uenkoH neaon
knaanuen HLun c
83 . 2..0. apannenennnep n
unnnnpp, oepnnnnme a opnn
oeH
naa1on knaanuen 7jl! na nkon rpann aLnpaeHoro o1-
ek1a.
pa1n1e annHanne, 1o aLpannLn o1ek1
nopkpaunaae1cn kpacnLH uae1oH, a ero nHn nonanne1cn a
none z/#$m%P paccHa1pnaaeHoro Henk(
Lnonnenne koHanpL sanyckae1cn naa1neH knonkn
533#4. onyennLn pesynL1a1 nokasan na pnc. 2.60.
cD 9. npaanenne nsopaenneH.
accHo1pn1e noc1poennyk HopenL, ncnonLsyn
ac1poennLe cpepc1aa npenpoueccopa Gamb!. nn a1oro
cnepye1 aLnonnn1L cnepykune Hannnynnunn.
1. aennnaan1e n yHenLuan1e nsopaenne a
paoeH okne, ypepnaan naa1on npaayk knaanuy
HLun n panran HLuL o1 cen n k cee.
2. pauan1e HopenL aokpyr uen1pa akpana,
ypepnaan naa1on npaayk knaanuy HLun n
panran HLuL anpaao n aneao.
3. pauan1e nsopaenne, ypepnaan naa1on neayk
knaanuy HLun n panran HLuL a nkoH
nanpaanennn.
4. epeHeuan1e HopenL, ypepnaan naa1on
cpepnkk knaanuy HLun n panran ee.
5. aHn1e knonky Select present conguration
, naxopnuykcn na nanenn a npaaoH nnneH yrny.
pn a1oH okno nsopaennn ype1 paspeneno na
e1Lpe e1aep1n, a kapon ns ko1opLx ypy1
nokasanL npoekunn Hopenn n akconoHe1pnecknn
anp (pnc. 2.61). apLH anpoH Hono ynpaann1L
nesaancnHo.
6. epnn1e nsopaenne Hopenn a opnoH okne. nn
a1oro naaa neaon knonkon HLun a 1oke
nepeceennn nnnnn, paspennkunx anpL (pnc. 2.61),
84
nepe1aun1e ee a opnn ns yrnoa okna noc1poennn
Hopenn.
7. aHn1e na knonky , naxopnuykcn na nanenn a
nnnen ac1n npaaon ac1n okna nporpaHHL.
openL ype1 nsopaena 1aknH opasoH, 1o
ype1 coo1ae1c1aoaa1L pacnonoennk
kooppnna1nLx ocen na nkonke (1.e. ocL /8
nanpaanena nepnenpnkynnpna akpany). Lenknn1e
na 1on e knonke npaaon knaanuen HLun n
copnen1npyn1e HopenL no ppyrnH kooppnna1nLH
ocnH.
8. Lepn1e Hacu1a Hopenn 1aknH opasoH, 1oL
ona sannHana ack onac1L noc1poennn. nn a1oro
naHn1e knonky "! !/ C&=/C , naxopnuykcn a
npaaon nnnen ac1n okna nporpaHHL.
85
. 2..1. enc1ane koHanpm /lP" Q2M!" P0!ROu2&")0!
cD. 8. oxpanenne Hopenn a nporpaHHe Gamb! .
oxpanenne Hopenn a Gamb! pnn pepak1npoaannn nnn
kaknx-1o ppyrnx penc1ann nponsaopn1cn c noHouLk
koHanpL:
)-n "#% 7a0%(
cD. >. akpL1ne nporpaHHL Gamb! .
akpL1ne nporpaHHL Gamb! ocyuec1anne1cn koHanpon:
)-n "#% ZD!.
epep sakpL1neH nporpaHHL nonan1cn okno,
npepnarakuee coxpann1L HopenL. nn 1oro, 1oL a1o
cpena1L, nyno naa1L knonky o%P. npo1nanoH cnyae
nyno naa1L knonky V/.
akpL1ne okna nporpaHHL c1anpap1nLH opasoH a
<&=/CPY c noHouLk kpec1nka a npaaoH aepxneH yrny ne
acerpa npoxopn1 koppek1no n a1nH cnocooH nonLsoaa1Lcn
ne c1on1.
nanornnLH opasoH Hono noc1pon1L pace1nLe
Hopenn poc1a1ono cnonon qopHL, ne npneran k
npepaapn1enLnoHy noc1poennk 1oek, nnnnn nnn
noaepxnoc1en.
2.>.2. Y#$ C44$_ E$46 #4G$7
#$?74C4E4D4 J7 4$846 3A
pannoH npnHepe ype1 noc1poena payxHepnan
pace1nan HopenL 1eennn rasa a Henona1onoH kanane
oceaon 1ypnnL. neunnn anp kanana nokasan na pnc. 2.62,
a a 1an. 2.1 npnaepenL kooppnna1L npoqnnn n uen1poa
kpoHok, a 1ake snaennn papnycoa okpynoc1en axopnon
n aLxopnon kpoHok.
86
. 2..2. mnn anp peme1kn npoqnnen
a pace1noH penHe yron axopa no1oka a peue1ky

T
m+Q, a yron aLxopa no1oka
Q
[~+Q.
ace1nan HopenL pnn nccnepoaannn 1eennn rasa a
kanane aknkae1 a cen nenocpepc1aenno Henona1onLn
kanan, a 1ake axopnLe n aLxopnLe onac1n. unn anp
pace1non Hopenn pnn nccnepoaannn 1eennn a aneHen1noH
1ypnnL a nporpaHHe "#$%&! nokasan na pnc. 2.2.
annua 2.1
ooppnna1m npoqnns nccnepyeHon peme1kn
nnnka opL1ue

+ HH o

+ HH

+ HH o

+ HH
0,11 -0,28 -0,14 0,26
4,10 1,28 2,95 1,97
7,90 2,84 5,89 3,65
11,48 4,48 8,64 5,37
14,80 6,23 11,17 7,16
17,83 8,13 13,45 9,04
20,55 10,19 15,44 11,01
22,85 12,45 17,15 13,06
24,57 14,97 18,54 15,16
25,54 17,67 19,61 17,28
25,74 20,36 20,38 19,37
87
25,20 22,83 20,81 21,41
24,06 24,88 20,87 23,34
23,20 25,81 20,72 24,38
ooppnna1a uen1pa axopnon okpynoc1n, HH 22,18
ooppnna1a o uen1pa axopnon okpynoc1n, HH 24,70
apnyc axopnon okpynoc1n ;
Q
, HH 1,5
ooppnna1a uen1pa aLxopnon okpynoc1n,
HH
0
ooppnna1a o uen1pa aLxopnon okpynoc1n, HH 0
apnyc aLxopnon okpynoc1n ;
[
, HH 0,3
ar peue1kn, HH 26,37
eoxopnHoc1L axopnoro n aLxopnoro yac1ka
pace1non Hopenn oycnoanena 1eH, 1o ankpL
pacnpepenennn napaHe1poa na axope (aLxope) a kanan, kak
npaanno, nensaec1nL. apanne paanoHepnLx nnn cyue-
c1aenno o1nnakunxcn o1 penc1an1enLnoc1n nonen
napaHe1poa na axope snan1enLno cnnae1 1onoc1L pac-
e1a n nsHenne1 kap1nny 1eennn. pnc1ponka aLxopnon
onac1n pae1 aosHonoc1L yec1L annnnne aosHyuennn sa
peue1kon na 1eenne a nen. nn peuennn sapa, cansannLx
c 1eenneH a peue1kax 1ypoHaunn, axopnLe n aLxopnLe
rpannuL pekoHenpye1cn pacnonara1L o1 coo1ae1c1aykuen
kpoHkn na pacc1onnnn, paanoH uary ! |26|. okoaLe
opasykune axopnon n aLxopnon onac1en naknonenL nop
yrnaHn
T
n
Q
k qpon1y peue1kn coo1ae1c1aenno.
ockonLky 1eenne a peue1ke 1ypoHaunnL nanne1cn
nepnopnecknH, 1o ne1 neoxopnHoc1n Hopennpoaa1L ero
uennkoH. nn ynpouennn pace1a n cokpauennn ero
apeHenn oLno paccHa1pnaak1 1onLko opnn
Henona1onLn kanan, nanaran na coo1ae1c1aykune
rpannuL nepnopneckoe rpannnoe ycnoane.
nn nccnepoaannn 1eennn a 1ypnnL cnepye1 nc-
nonLsoaa1L cnepykune rpannnLe ycnoann (pnc. 2.2):
na axopnon rpannue - nonnLe paanenne n 1eHnepa1ypa
no1oka, nanpaannkune kocnnycL aek1opa ckopoc1n n
88
. 2..*. en
noc1poenns 1ovek no
kooppnna1aH
rpannnLe ycnoann
1ypynen1noc1n;
na aLxopnon rpannue -
c1a1neckoe paanenne;
na okoaLx noaepxnoc1nx
- nepnopneckoe
rpannnoe ycnoane;
na c1enkax nona1kn -
ycnoane nenpnnnnannn
paoen cpepL.
cD 1. opro1oan1enLnLn.
anyc1n1e nporpaHHy
Gamb!, cospan1e noayk HopenL c nHeneH !$;b&% n
ykan1e, 1o HopenL ype1 paccn1Laa1Lcn a nporpaHHe
"#$%&! ^+ nopono 1oHy, kak a1o penanocL a npnHepe 1.1
(paspen 2.9.1).
cD 2. oc1poenne asoaLx 1oek.
enk noc1poennn 1oek no kooppnna1aH (pnc. 2.63)
aLsLaae1cn a rnaanoH Henk c noHouLk koHanpL:
G0'"2`

d2"L

H2&"
12"L
(eoHe1pnn) (oka) (ospanne
1okn)
nonanaueHcn Henk a none G#/ba# (a rnoanLnon
cnc1eHe kooppnna1) cnepye1 aaec1n kooppnna1y 1peyeHon
1okn, nanpnHep (T+QQt -T+[st T
Q
). op1aeppae1cn
noc1poenne 1okn naa1neH knonkn 533#4. nanornnLH
opasoH cnepye1 aaec1n ace 1okn ns 1annuL kooppnna1
npoqnnn nona1kn (1an. 2.1), aknkan uen1pL axopnon n
aLxopnon okpynoc1en.
cnyae coaepuennn ounkn penc1ane Hono o1Henn1L
c noHouLk knonkn (o1Hena), naxopnuencn a nnnen
1
ockonLky paccHa1pnaaeHan sapaa payxHepnan, 1o
kooppnna1a 8 acex 1oek ype1 paana T.
89
npaaon ac1n okna nporpaHHL. anpe1L ace noc1poennLe
1okn Hono c noHouLk knonkn (annca1L a akpan).
esynL1a1 noc1poennn nsopaen na pnc. 2.64.
cD *. oc1poenne kon1ypa npoqnnn nona1kn.
poqnnL 1ypnnnon nona1kn opasoaan payHn pyraHn
okpynoc1en (axopnan n aLxopnan kpoHkn) n payHn
cnnannaHn (cnnnka n kopL1ue).
anna1L noc1poennn ypono co cnnannoa. nn a1oro
nyno aLsaa1L coo1ae1c1aykuee Henk koHanpon:
G0'"2`

E-O

NU<B/
(eoHe1pnn) (nnnn) (ospanne
cnnanna)
Y#$E$. o yHonannk knonka ckpL1a,
nonyn1L poc1yn k nen, a 1ake k ppyrnH knonkaH Henk
noc1poennn nnnnn Hono, uenknya npaaon knaanuen HLun
na neaon knonke a aepxneH pnpy a nopHenk Z=6%.
90
. 2..+. oc1poennme asoame 1ovkn npoqnns
nn noc1poennn kon1ypa kopL1ua neoxopnHo c
noHouLk HLun n naa1on knaanun 7jl! aLpa1L
coo1ae1c1aykune 1okn a nopnpke cnepoaannn. nn
npnnn1nn penc1ann nyno naa1L knonky 533#4.
esynL1a1 penc1ann nokasan na pnc. 2.65.
nnnka npoqnnn c1pon1cn ananornnLH opasoH
(pnc.2.66).
a cnepykueH a1ane c1pon1cn pyrn, opasykune
kpoHkn npoqnnn. nn a1oro nyno aLsaa1L Henk
noc1poennn pyr (pnc. 2.67):
G0'"2`

E-O

H2&"
&2P
(eoHe1pnn) (nnnn) (ospanne
pyrn)
91

. 2..,. en noc1poenns cnnanna n pesynL1a1 noc1poenns
kopm1ua
92
. 2.... esynL1a1 noc1poenns cnnnkn
. 2..9. en noc1poenns pyrn n pesynL1a1 noc1poenns
axopnon okpyxnoc1n
Y#$E$. nonka ckpL1a. onyn1L poc1yn k
nen, a 1ake kak n k Henk noc1poennn cnnannoa Hono,
uenknya npaaon knaanuen HLun na neaon knonke a
aepxneH pnpy a nopHenk Z=6%.
a1oH Henk nyno aLnonnn1L cnepykune penc1ann:
a rpaqe 9%!j/= nyno aLpa1L He1op noc1poennn
pyrn (no uen1py n payH 1okaH);
a none >%&!%; aLpa1L uen1p okpynoc1n axopnon
kpoHkn;
a none Z&=-3/&!P aLpa1L aepxnne konuL
noc1poennLx cnnannoa;
none 5;2 oc1aan1L es nsHenennn;
sanyc1n1L koHanpy c noHouLk knonkn 533#4.
esynL1a1 aLnonnennn koHanpL nokasan na pnc. 2.67.
nanornnLH ny1eH c1pon1cn pyra aLxopnon kpoHkn.
93
. 2..8. en
konnpoaanns}nepeHemen
ns 1ovek
cD +. oc1poenne okoaLx rpannu axopnon n aLxopnon
o nac1n.
nn noc1poennn okoaLx noaepxnoc1en axopnon n
aLxopnon onac1en (pnc. 2.2) nyno ns uen1poa
okpynoc1en kpoHok noc1pon1L ropnson1anLnLe o1peskn,
paanLe uary peue1kn !, sa1eH noaepny1L nx o1nocn1enLno
uen1poa okpynoc1en na 1peyeHLn yron n paspenn1L na
ac1n 1okon nepeceennn.
nn 1oro, 1oL noc1pon1L ropnson1anLnyk nnnnk,
neoxopnHo noc1pon1L acnoHora1enLnLe 1okn na
pacc1onnnn ! o1 uen1poa axopnon n aLxopnon okpynoc1en,
sa1eH coepnnn1L nx. nn a1oro cnepye1 aocnonLsoaa1Lcn
Henk nepeHeuennn/konnpoaannn 1oek (pnc. 2.68):
G0'"2`

d2"L

M01KP0Q`
12"L
(eoHe1pn
n)
(okn) (nepeHeuenn
e/
konnpoaanne)
nn npoaepennn konnpoaannn cnepye1 naa1L knonky
>/34 a aepxnen ac1n Henk (a
npo1nanoH cnyae aLpannLe
aneHen1L ypy1 cpanny1L, ecnn
ne nannk1cn ac1Lk ppyrnx o1-
ek1oa).
noHouLk HLun nyno aL-
pa1L konnpyeHLe 1okn (uen1pL
axopnon n aLxopnon kpoHok). o-
ckonLky 1okn nonyak1cn nnnen-
nLH nepenocoH, 1o a none
i3%;a!/& nyno naa1L knonky
:;a&P#a!%, a a none G#/ba# cnepye1
aaec1n aennnny cHeuennn no
ocnH. paccHa1pnaaeHoH
npnHepe cHeuenne ocyue-
c1anne1cn aponL ocn ' na pac-
c1onnne, paanoe uary ![^+S~.
94
1oL yanpe1L ace noc1poennLe 1okn, ncnonLsyn1e
knonky .
nn nonyennn nckoHLx o1peskoa nyno nonyennLe
1okn coepnnn1L c uen1paHn axopnLx okpynoc1en
nnnnnHn c noHouLk koHanpL (pnc. 2.69):
G0'"2`

E-O

H2&"
-O
(eoHe1pnn) (nnnn) (ospanne
nnnnn)
oepnnneHLe 1okn aLnpak1cn c noHouLk HLun, n
aLop nop1aeppae1cn naa1neH knonkn 533#4. esynL-
1a1 aLnonnennn penc1ann nokasan na pnc. 2.69. nn no-
c1poennn okoaon rpannuL axopnon onac1n (pnc. 2.62)
aepxnnn o1pesok neoxopnHo noaepny1L o1nocn1enLno
uen1pa axopnon okpynoc1n na yron QsT-
-
T
QsT-mQ[Q( nporpaHHe Gamb! nenLsn noaepny1L
o1pesok o1nocn1enLno 1okn. oaopo1 onsa1enLno ponen
npoxopn1L o1nocn1enLno ocn. oa1oHy cnepye1 noc1pon1L
1okn na npepnonaraeHLx ocnx apauennn. nn nonyak1cn
konnpoaanneH uen1poa axopnon n aLxopnon okpynoc1en
aponL ocn 8 na nponsaonLnoe pacc1onnne. esynL1a1
aLnonnennn penc1ann nokasan na pnc. 2.70.
95
. 2..>. en noc1poenns o1peskoa no 1ovkaH n pesynL1a1
noc1poenns
. 2.90. esynL1a1 noc1poenns acnoHora1enLnmx 1ovek
96
nn noaopo1a aepxnen npnHon o1nocn1enLno uen1pa
axopnon okpynoc1n nyno aLsaa1L Henk
nepeHeuennn/konnpoaannn nnnnn:
G0'"2`

E-O

M01KP0Q`
E-OM
(eoHe1pn
n)
(nnnn
)
(nepeHeuen
ne
konnpoaann
e)
enk nokasano na pnc. 2.71,a. ak Hono anpe1L, ono
nopono Henk konnpoaannn 1oek (pnc. 2.68). neH nyno
npoaec1n cnepykune penc1ann.
noHouLk HLun nyno aLpa1L noaopanaaeHyk
nnnnk (nanpnHep, aepxnkk). aepxnen ac1n Henk nyno
aLpa1L nynk1 9/0%, ykasLaakunn na 1o, 1o aLpannLn
o1ek1 ype1 nepeHeuen.
none i3%;a!/& cnepye1 aLpa1L onunk B/!a!%,
ykasLaakuyk na 1o, 1o nepeHeuenne ype1 ocyuec1aneno
apauenneH.
97
. 2.91. en nepeHemenns}konnpoaanns nnnnn:
a - Henk nepeHeuennn c nac1ponkaHn pnn noaopo1a nnnnn; -
Henk ykasannn ocn noaopo1a
none 5&6#% neoxopnHo aaec1n yron noaopo1a (a
paccHa1pnaaeHoH npnHepe Q[Q).
nn ykasannn ocn, o1nocn1enLno ko1opon ype1
ocyuec1ann1Lcn noaopo1, neoxopnHo naa1L knonky
?%}&% a none 5DP( nonanaueHcn okne (pnc.2.71, ) a none
9%!j/= nyno aLpa1L nynk1 ([ z%;!2%P - no 2-H
cyuec1aykunH 1okaH). a1eH a none 7!a;! ykasa1L
naanLnyk 1oky ocn apauennn - uen1p axopnon ok-
pynoc1n, sa1eH a none Z&= ykasa1L a1opyk 1oky ocn
apauennn - 1oky, pacnonoennyk aLue. nn aLnonnennn
onepaunn nyno naa1L knonky 533#4 a oonx oknax.
LpannLn o1pesok noaepne1cn na sapannLn yron. cnn
o1pesok noaepnyncn a c1opony, npo1naonononyk
98
1peyeHon, nyno noHenn1L snak y snaennn yrna nnn
nopnpok nasnaennn 1oek ocn.
nanornnLH opasoH nnnnn o1pesok noaopanaae1cn
na yron QsT-
Q
no acoaon c1penke o1nocn1enLno uen1pa
aLxopnon okpynoc1n. esynL1a1 noc1poennn okoaon
rpannuL nokasan na pnc. 2.72.
. 2.92. esynL1a1 noaopo1a okoamx rpanen
a cnepykueH a1ane axopnyk/aLxopnyk kpoHky n
o1peskn, nepecekakune nx, nyno paspenn1L a 1oke
nepeceennn n ypann1L nnunee.
nn 1oro, 1oL paspenn1L o1pesok 1okon nepeceennn
na pae ac1n, aLsLaae1cn koHanpa:
G0'"2`

E-O

/Ql)"
E-O
(eoHe1pn
n)
(nnnn
)
(paspenn1
L nnnnk)
pesynL1a1e nonan1cn Henk, nokasannoe na pnc. 2.73.
99
. 2.9*. en
paspenenns nnnnn
aepxneH none Z=6% nyno aLpa1L pyry axopnon
kpoHkn. none 73#! <!j (paspenn1L c noHouLk....) nyno
aLpa1L Z=6% (paspenn1L a Hec1e nepeceennn nnnnn).
nnnen rpaqe Z=6% nyno aL-
pa1L o1pesok, nepecekakunn axop-
nyk kpoHky. nonka `=;%2!/&a#
ponna L1L naa1a. 1o
onpepenne1 1o, 1o oe nnnnn ypy1
pasn1L 1okon nepeceennn. a-
nyck penc1ann ocyuec1anne1cn
knonkon 533#4. pesynL1a1e pae
nepecekakunecn nnnnn ypy1
paspenenL 1okon nepeceennn.
1pesok, okasaaunncn any1pn npo-
qnnn, neoxopnHo ypann1L c noHo-
uLk koHanpL:
G0'"2`

E-O

al"
E-O
(eoHe1pnn) (nnnn) (ypanenn
e nnnnn)
panneHan nnnnn aLnpae1cn c noHouLk HLun. Lop
nop1aeppae1cn naa1neH knonkn 533#4Y.
nanornnLe penc1ann npoaopn1cn c nnnen aLxopnon
kpoHkon n nnnnH o1peskoH.
cD ,. onnpoaanne noc1poennLx aneHen1oa n
poc1ponka pace1non onac1n.
pesynL1a1e npoaepennLx Hannnynnunn Lna nonyena
okoaan rpannua pace1non onac1n (cH. pnc. 2.2). 1oL
nonyn1L a1opyk okoayk rpannuy, nyno ckonnpoaa1L ye
noc1poennLe aneHen1L aponL qpon1a peue1kn (ocn e) na
aennnny uara !. onnpoaanne npoaopn1cn c noHouLk ye
nsaec1non koHanpL:
G0'"2`

E-O

M01KP0Q`
E-OM
100
(eoHe1pn
n)
(nnnn
)
(nepeHeuen
ne
konnpoaann
e)
esynL1a1 penc1ann nokasan na pnc. 2.74.
nn saaepuennn noc1poennn kon1ypa pace1non onac1n
cnepye1 coepnnn1L aepxnne n nnnne 1okn okoaLx
rpannu. esynL1a1 noc1poennn nokasan na pnc. 2.75.
. 2.9+. esynL1a1 konnpoaanns
101
. 2.9.. en
noc1poenns noaepxnoc1n
no nnnnsH
. 2.9,. esynL1a1 noc1poenns kon1ypa pacve1non onac1n
cD. .. oc1poenne noaepxnoc1n.
cnoaon pnn noc1poennn koneno-aneHen1non ce1kn
payxHepnon Hopenn nanne1cn noaepxnoc1L. na c1pon1cn c
noHouLk Henk noc1poennn noaepxnoc1n (pnc. 2.76):
G0'"2`

F&P

Form face
(eoHe1pn
n)
(oaepxnoc1
L)
(ospanne
noaepxnoc1
n)
nonanaueHcn Henk
neoxopnHo noc1aan1L kypcop a
okno Z=6%P n c noHouLk HLun
aLnpa1L nnnnn, opasykune
saHkny1Ln kon1yp pace1non
onac1n. nn noc1poennn
noaepxnoc1n cnepye1 naa1L
102
knonky 533#4. pesynL1a1e nnnnn kon1ypa Hopenn
noHennk1 uae1.
cD >. pocHo1p noc1poen non HopenL a anpe
1aepporo 1ena.
pnpe cnyaea, pnn 1oro, 1oL yepn1cn, 1o onepaunn
noc1poennn noaepxnoc1en nnn o1eHoa npouna ypano,
neoxopnHo ckpL1L neanpnHLe nnnnn. nn a1oro nyno na-
a1L knonky a Henk ynpaanennn anpaHn (pnc. 2.77).
nn 1oro, 1oL anoaL yanpe1L HopenL a anpe kapkaca,
cnepye1 uenkny1L na 1on e knonke npaaon knaanuen
HLun n ns 1pex nonanaunxcn knonok aLpa1L .
a a1oH noc1poenne reoHe1pnn Hopenn pnn
nccnepoaannn 1eennn rasa a Henona1onLx kananax
aneHen1apnoro sakoneno. onyennyk HopenL cnepye1
coxpann1L.
. 2.99. esynL1a1 noc1poenns noaepxnoc1n
103
2.>.*. Y#$ C44$_ G8F#$46 #4G$7
\$43$?4D4 8$7_4
pannoH npn-
Hepe paccHa1pnaa-
e1cn noc1poenne
payxHepnon Hopenn
uen1poenoro aen-
1nnn1opa (pnc. 2.76).
pn aLnonnennn
pannoro npnHepa
noppasyHeaae1cn,
1o aLnonnnkunn
ero, npopenan paa
npepLpyunx n nHe-
e1 npepc1aanenne o
ocnoanLx koHanpax
noc1poennn n pe-
pak1npoaannn reoHe1pnn a nporpaHHe Gamb!. oa1oHy na
ac1peaaunxcn panee koHanpax annHanne saoc1pn1Lcn ne
ype1.
( Q( ospae1cn payxHepnan HopenL nona1kn
aen1nnn1opa. noHouLk Henk noc1poennn 1oek c1pon1cn
1oka c kooppnna1aHn (0, 0, 0).
G0
'"2
`

d
2"
L

H2
&"
12f
"L
(eoH
e1pnn
)
(o
ka
)
(os
pann
e
1ok
n)
( [( noHouLk koHanpL >;%a!% B%a# >;2$#a; 5;2
c1pon1cn cnnnka n kopL1ue:
G0'"2`

E-O

H2&"
&2P
104
. 2.98. onevnmn anp
uen1poexnoro aen1nns1opa
. 2.80.
oc1poennmn kon1yp
nona1kn
. 2.9>. en
noc1poenns pyrn c
noHomL 1ovkn n
payx yrnoa
(

nonanaueHcn Henk (pnc. 2.9)

aLnpae1cn cnoco noc1poennn
pyrn no
1oke n
sapanneH naanLnoro n konenoro
yrna (3 na pnc. 2.9). pn a1oH
Henk npnHe1 anp, nsopaennLn
na pnc. 2.79.
a1oH Henk a none Ba=$P aao-
pn1cn snaenne papnyca, paanoe
~+sQ, a none 7!a;! 5&6#% aaopn1cn
naanLnoe snaenne yrna, paanoe
[v~+S, a a none Z&= 5&6#% -
konenoe snaenne yrna -SmT+Sv. none >%&!%; cnepye1
aLpa1L 1oky, noc1poennyk a uare Q. none ]#a&% cnepye1
aLpa1L nynk1 Xo. 1a nac1ponka roaopn1 o 1oH, 1o pyra
ype1 nea1L a nnockoc1n Xio.
nn noc1poennn pyrn co cpenannLHn nac1ponkaHn
cnepye1 naa1L knonky 533#4.
cD. *. nanornno cospae1cn a1opan pyra, neauan a
1on e nnockoc1n, c papnycoH +^+ c naanLnLH yrnoH
[v~+S n konenLH yrnoH S[s.
cD +. noHouLk koHanpL noc1poennn o1peskoa
(koHanpa ) c1pon1cn pae nnnnn co-
epnnnkune konuL pyr. aknH opasoH, Ln nonyen kon1yp
nona1kn aen1nnn1opa. esynL1a1 noc1poennn nokasan na
pnc. 2.80.
cD ,. ospae1cn noaepxnoc1L na e1Lpex noc1poennLx
panee pepax (koHanpa ).
cD .. a1oH n neckonLknx cnepykunx uarax ype1
cospaaa1Lcn sakpyrnennan axopnan kpoHka nona1kn. nn
a1oro c noHouLk koHanpL 73#! Z=6% npnHon o1pesok cneaa
penn1cn nononaH:
G0'"2`

E-O

/Ql)"
E-O
105
(eoHe1pn
n)
(nnnn
)
(paspenn1
L nnnnk)
pesynL1a1e nonan1cn Henk, nokasannoe na pnc. 2.42.
neH a none Z=6% aLnpae1cn nynLn o1pesok, a a none U
0a#$% cnepye1 aaec1n nponopunk, a ko1opon penn1cn
o1pesok (a paccHa1pnaaeHoH npnHepe T+m) n naa1L knonky
533#4. enepL neaan rpanL noaepxnoc1n nona1kn coc1on1
ns payx o1peskoa.
cD 9. noHouLk koHanpL:
G0'"2`

E-O

/u''&2)g
(eoHe1pn
n)
(nnnn
)
(cyHHapnan
nnqopHaun
n)
a okno coouennn aLaopn1cn nnqopHaunn o nonyennLx
o1peskax. ak Hono saHe1n1L nx pnnnL (&!%;0a# P8%n
T(sm) paanL.
cD. 8. ospae1cn kpyr c uen1poH a 1oke pennuen
neayk rpanL nona1kn nonanaH. nn a1oro cnaana a
ykasannon 1oke cospae1cn acnoHora1enLnan cnc1eHa
kooppnna1 c noHouLk koHanpL:
T00lM

H002-)!&"
/`M"'
(yc1anoakn) (nc1eHa
kooppnna1)
nonanaueHcn Henk neoxopnHo aLpa1L nynk1 z%;!%D
(a a1oH cnyae ype1 onncana 1peHn 1okaHn). enk
koHanpL npnHe1 anp, nsopaennLn na pnc. 2.55. neH a
none i;6& cnepye1 aLpa1L 1oky, ko1opan ype1 uen1poH
nokanLnon (a uen1pe neaon rpann), a none X aDP - 1oky,
neauyk na neaon rpann aLue uen1panLnon 1okn, a a
none Xo 3#a&% - 1oky, npnnapneauyk nnockoc1n Xio (nk-
yk 1oky npnnapneauyk npaaoHy o1pesky nona1kn).
106
. 2.81. on1yp
nona1kn c nokanLnon n
. 2.82. on1yp nona1kn
c axopnon kpoHkon
ocne sanycka koHanpL,
nsopaenne a paoeH okne
ype1 1ak, kak nokasano na pnc.
2.81. a neH ncno anpna no-
c1poennan . e opnen1aunn
saancn1 o1 aLpannLx 1oek.
cD. >. noHouLk
koHanpL:
G0
'"
2`

F&P

Crea
te
real
circu
lar
face
(eo
He1
pnn)
(oae
pxnoc
1L)
(os
pann
e
kpyr
a)
cospae1cn kpyr a uen1pe noc1poennon panee nokanLnon .
nn a1oro a none Ba=$P aaopn1cn aennnna papnyca T+sm.
nepye1 1ake opa1n1L annHanne, 1oL a none
>//;=&a!% P4P Lna aLpana
nokanLnan .
cD 10. oaepxnoc1L no-
na1kn n kpyr a
o1epnnnk1cn a epnnyk
noaepxnoc1L (koHanpa
). esynL1a1
penc1ann nokasan na pnc.
2.82.
cD 11. okanLnan onLue ne nyna n ona ypann-
e1cn c noHouLk koHanpL:
107
T00lM

al"
H002-)!&"
/`M"'
(yc1anoakn) (ypanenne )
cD 12. onyennan nona1ka nepeHeuae1cn aponL ocn
iX na ^Q+m~, aponL io na s+^v (koHanpa ).
cD 1*. noHouLk koHanpL:
G0'"2`

F&P

M01KP0Q`
E-OM
(eoHe1pn
n)
(oaepxnoc1
L)
(nepeHeuen
ne
konnpoaann
e)
cospae1cn vS konnn cospannLx nona1ok aokpyr naana
kooppnna1 rnoanLnon . ona1kn o1c1on1 ppyr na ppyra
na s(QsQsQs[( nn a1oro a nonanaueHcn Henk (pnc. 2.32)
cnepye1 ak1nansnpoaa1L onunn >/34 (konnpoaanne) n
B/!a!% (apauenne aokpyr ocn). none pnpoH c onunen >/34
ykasLaae1cn ncno konnn (vS). ennnna yrna noaopo1a
aaopn1cn a none 5&6#%. kaec1ae ocn apauennn cnepye1
aLpa1L nonon1enLnoe nanpaanenne ocn i (cH. paspen
1.5).
cD. 1+. ospae1cn 1pn kpyra papnycoH Sm+mT+sT
(koHanpa ). aHLn HanenLknn kpyr ype1
axopoH a aen1nnn1op, paa ppyrnx ypy1 npepc1aann1L axop
n aLxop paoero koneca.
cD 1,. apynLn kon1yp Hopenn aen1nnn1opa
cospae1cn no 1okaH. 1o Hono cpena1L payHn ny1nHn.
aec1n kooppnna1L kapon 1okn nnn sarpysn1L nx ns
1ekc1oaoro qanna. nn 1oro, 1oL aocnonLsoaa1Lcn
a1opLH cnocooH pnn paccHa1pnaaeHoro npnHepa nyno
any1pennnHn cpepc1aaHn 'K <&=/CPY cospa1L 1ekc1oaLn
qann c pacunpenneH .=a! c kooppnna1aHn 1oek. o-
pepanne qanna n cnn1akcnc cnepykune:
108
-vm(S[ -T(s^Q T
-v([T -~~(S~S T
-S^(m^m -~[(STm T
ST(Ss~ -s[(mvT T
s(^~[ -SS([m T
^(vTs Sm(QvQ T
ms(^Q~ [(ms~ T
[([~Q QQm(^sQ T
-^T(^Tm QT~(^Ts T
-Q[v([^[ m[(ssT T
-Qvm(mmS -[Q(SSs T
-Qvm(~[ -QQ^(T[s T
-Qvm(~[ -QmT(TTT T
-vm(S[ -QmT(TTT T
ospannLn qann n1ae1cn a Gamb! c noHouLk
koHanpL:
)-n "#% Wm3/;! z%;!%D ?a!a "#%(
pesynL1a1e ypy1 sarpyenL Qv 1oek.
cD 1.. aepnncL c pncynkoH 2.83 n ncnonLsyn koHanpy
noc1poennn o1peskoa, pyr n cnnannoa, cnepye1 cospa1L
napynLn kon1yp Hopenn aen1nnn1opa.
cD 19. a ocnoae noc1poennLx nnnnn cospae1cn
noaepxnoc1L, orpannennan napynLH kon1ypoH Hopenn
aen1nnn1opa (koHanpa ).
109
. 2.8*. apyxnmn kon1yp aen1nns1opa
cD 18. cnonLsyn koHanpy 73#! "a2%P (koHanpa
) noaepxnoc1L, opasykuan kopnyc aen1nnn1opa
penn1cn onLunH kpyroH papnycoH sT. nn a1oro a
nonanaueHcn Henk (pnc 2.45) a aepxneH none "a2% ([ na pnc
2.45) aLnpae1cn pennHan noaepxnoc1L, a nnneH none
"a2% (S na pnc 2.45) aLnpae1cn pennuan qnrypa. pn a1oH
knonka B%!a& ne ponna L1L naa1a. 1o npnaepe1 k
1oHy, 1o pennuan noaepxnoc1L ype1 ypanena nocne
saaepuennn onepaunn. npo1nanoH cnyae opasye1cn paa
kpyra c papnycoH sT.
cD 1>. nanornnLH opasoH kpyr papnycoH sT
penn1cn kpyroH papnycoH mT.
cD. 20. s kpyra papnycoH mT aLn1ae1cn kpyr
nanHenLuero pnaHe1pa (koHanpa ). 1y
onepaunk Hono aLnonnn1L anL1epna1nanLH ny1eH. nn
110
a1oro nyno c noHouLk koHanpL 73#! "a2%P (koHanpa
) paspenn1L kpyr papnycoH mT kpyroH papnycoH
Sm ananornno 1oHy, kak a1o penanocL a uarax Qs n Q.
ocne a1oro cnepye1 ypann1L kpyr nanHenLuero pnaHe1pa
(koHanpa ).
ocne a1oro ype1 nonesnLH npocHo1pe1L pesynL1a1
nocnepnnx penc1ann, naaa na knonky , n yepn1cn,
1o ace aLnonneno aepno.
cD 21. s konLueaon noaepxnoc1n aLn1ak1cn
nona1kn (koHanpa ). nn aLpenennn
nona1ok Hono ncnonLsoaa1L Henk aLopa noaepxnoc1en
(cH. paspen 1.4 n pnc. 1.17) nnn paHky aLopa, ko1opan
cospae1cn panenneH HLun cnpaaa naneao c naa1on
neaon knonkon n knaanuen 7jl!. onLueaan noaepxnoc1L c
aL1ennLHn nona1kaHn a panLnenueH a peua1ene ype1
onncana kak o1penLnan sona, naxopnuancn a nopannon .
ocne aLnonnennn acex nepencnennLx penc1ann
cnepye1 yepn1Lcn, 1o oc1anocL 1onLko 1pn noaepxnoc1n.
esynL1a1 acex penc1ann nokasan na pnc. 2.78.
cD. 22. ospannan HopenL coxpanne1cn c noHouLk
koHanpL )-n "#% 7a0%(
2.>.+. Y#$ C44$_ 43[$#46 E$46
#4G$7 43$J_ 4G
pannoH npnHepe paccHa1pnaae1cn noc1poenne
1pexHepnon Hopenn 1eennn epes sonp. annLn npnHep
npepnasnaen pnn sakpennennn naaLkoa, nonyennLx a
npepLpyunx ynpanennnx. oa1oHy on copepn1
HnnnHanLno neoxopnHLe koHHen1apnn.
111
neunnn anp Hopenn, ko1opyk npepnarae1cn noc1pon1L
npepc1aanen na pnc. 2.84.
o1ok noc1ynae1 a kpyrnLn kanan cneaa, o1ekae1 sonp
n pepa1enL n aLxopn1 epes kpyrnLn 1opeu cnpaaa. nn
nonnHannn qopHL kanana na pnc. 2.85 npnaopn1cn kap1nna
pacnpepenennn aek1opoa ckopoc1n a neH. pa1n1e
annHanne na 1o, 1o pace1nan HopenL copepn1 1onLko
no1ok o1ekakunn o1ek1 n ne copepn1 ero aneHen1oa. a
onac1L npoc1panc1aa, rpe naxopn1cn o1ekaeHLn o1ek1 a
pace1non Hopenn nyc1an.
. 2.8+. nemnnn anp pacve1non Hopenn 1evenns vepes
sonp
ace1nan HopenL ne nanne1cn cnonon n Hoe1 L1L
noc1poena c noHouLk npnHn1nanon reoHe1pnn. ospanne
pace1non Hopenn npepnarae1cn aLnonnn1L a cnepykuen
nocnepoaa1enLnoc1n.
cD 1. 1pon1cn unnnnpp aponL nonon1enLnoro
nanpaanennn ocn iX (3/P!0% D) c aLco1on paanon [T
epnnnuaH n papnycoH ocnoaannn - m (koHanpa
).
112
. 2.8,. ek1opa ckopoc1n a paccHa1pnaaeHoH kanane
cD 2. 1pon1cn unnnnpp aponL nonon1enLnoro
nanpaanennn ocn iX aLco1on m epnnnu n papnycoH
ocnoaannn Q.
cD *. Unnnnpp, noc1poennLn nocnepnnH,
nepeHeuae1cn na QT epnnnu aponL nonon1enLnoro
nanpaanennn ocn iX (koHanpa )(
cD +. 1pon1cn cqepa papnycoH Q (koHanpa
) n nepeHeuae1cn na QT epnnnu aponL nonon1enL-
noro nanpaanennn ocn iX(
cD ,. anenLknn unnnnpp n cqepa o1epnnnk1cn a
opnn o1eH, opasyn napynyk noaepxnoc1L sonpa
(koHanpa ).
cD .. 1pon1cn napannenennnep unpnnon Q (<=!j),
pnnnon m (?%3!j) n aLco1on T+m (%6j!) c uen1poH a naane
kooppnna1 (koHanpa ).
113
cD 9. 1pon1cn unnnnpp c aLco1on m epnnnu n
papnycoH ocnoaannn T+m, pacnonarakunncn aponL ocn io
1ak, 1o naano kooppnna1 naxopn1cn a ero uen1pe
(>%&!%;%=-o =;%2!/&).
cD 8. ocnepnnn cospannLn unnnnpp nepeHeuae1cn
na T+m epnnnu a o1pnua1enLnoH nanpaanennn aponL ocn iX.
cD >. epnnLn o1eH o1epnnnk1cn unnnnpp,
cospannLn nocnepnnH, n napannenennnep, noc1poennLn a
uare 5, opasyn pepaaky.
cD 10. onyennan qnrypa nepeHeuae1cn na Q[+m
epnnnu a nonon1enLnoH nanpaanennn aponL ocn iX n na S
epnnnuL a nonon1enLnoH nanpaanennn aponL ocn i.
cD 11. 1pon1cn unnnnpp, pacnonoennLn aponL
nonon1enLnoro nanpaanennn ocn iX+ pnnnon QT epnnnu n
papnycoH ocnoaannn T+m. n nepeHeuae1cn na 7 epnnnu a
nonon1enLnoH nanpaanennn aponL ocn iX.
cD 12. onp n pepaaka o1epnnnk1cn a opno 1eno.
s nero aLn1ae1cn unnnnpp, cospannLn na uare QQ
(koHanpa ).
cD 1*. onyennan qnrypa aLn1ae1cn ns onLuero
unnnnppa.
cD 1+. ospae1cn nnockoc1L, neauan na nnockoc1n
Xio (D4 2%&!;%=) saaepoHo onLuan nonyennon Hopenn, na-
npnHep c pasHepaHn 100x100 (koHanpa ).
cD 1,. noHouLk nnockoc1n noc1poennan HopenL
penn1cn na 2 ac1n (koHanpa ).
cD 1.. pna ns nonoann Hopenn ypanne1cn (koHanpa
) nnn penae1cn neanpnHon (cH. paspen
1.2).
cD 19. ospannan pace1nan HopenL coxpanne1cn.
114
3. R
3
GAMBIT
3.1. cnoanme nopxopm k pasnenn pacve1non
onac1n na konevnme aneHen1m
nn onpepenennn napaHe1poa no1oka a nporpaHHe
"#$%&! peuae1cn cnc1eHa pnqqepenunanLnLx ypaanennn.
o pnpy npnnn peun1L a1y cnc1eHy Hono 1onLko
ncnennLHn He1opaHn. x ncnonLsoaanne saknkak1cn a
saHene nenpepLanoro peuennn ncxopnLx
pnqqepenunanLnLx ypaanennn anrepanecknHn anano-
raHn a okpec1noc1nx nponsaonLnon 1okn pace1non
onac1n. nepoaa1enLno, pnn saHenL ncxopnLx ypaanennn
na anrepaneckne ypaanennn neoxopnHo sapa1L 1okn,
annsn ko1opLx ype1 nponcxopn1L a1a saHena. >5Z
nporpaHHax unpoko npnHenne1cn nopxop, korpa a1n 1okn
nonyak1cn a pesynL1a1e pasnennn pace1non onac1n
ce1kon konenLx aneHen1oa. akon e npnnunn
npnHenne1cn a nporpaHHnoH koHnnekce "#$%&!. ace1nan
onac1L pasnaae1cn na konenLe aneHen1L, npneH 1oka,
annsn ko1opon pnqqepenunanLnLe ypaanennn saHennk1cn
anrepanecknHn, naxopn1cn a uen1pe nenkn. 1o1
npouecc nanne1cn oenL aanLH, nockonLky o1 nero
cyuec1aenno saancn1 npaannLnoc1L nonyennoro peuennn
|2|.
115
. *.1. cnoanme 1nnm
payxHepnmx konevnmx
aneHen1oa
. *.2. cnoanme 1nnm
1pexHepnmx konevnmx
aneHen1oa
oc1poenne koneno-aneHen1non ce1kn ocyuec1anne1cn
a npenpoueccope Gamb! na ase cyuec1aykuen reoHe1pnn
pace1non onac1n.
pepe eH npnc1ynn1L k onncannk noc1poennn ce1kn,
onpepennH 1epHnnonornk, ko1opon ypeH npn a1oH
nonLsoaa1Lcn.
1ak, konenoaneHen1-
nan nenka opasye1cn
nepeceenneH ce1onLx
nnnnn n Hoe1 L1L payx
nnn 1pexHepnon.
cnoanLe 1nnL ,
npnHenneHLx a npo-
rpaHHe Gamb!+ nokasanL
na pnc. 3.1 n 3.2. o caoen
qopHe payxHepnan nenka
Hoe1 L1L 1pex nnn
e1LpexyronLnon (pnc.
3.1), a 1ake nonnap-
panLnon (pannLn 1nn
ce1kn cospae1cn a
nporpaHHe "#$%&! na ase
1peyronLnon ce1kn).
pexHepnan nenka nHee1
e1Lpe n onee rpanen.
o1nnne o1 , ncnonLsyeHLx a ppyrnx nporpaHHax (na-
npnHep, 5&P4P{+ konnec1ao ysnoa a nenke aano 1onLko
npn aLncnennn rpapnen1oa napaHe1poa.
onenoaneHen1nan ce1ka, npnHenneHan a pace1ax a
nporpaHHnoH koHnnekce "#$%&!+ coc1on1 ns cnepykunx
aneHen1oa:
a payxHepnoH cnyae: uen1pa nenkn, ysnoa, peep n
neek (2%## 2%&!%;+ &/=%+ %=6%+ 2%##) (pnc. 3.3);
116
. *.*. cnoanme aneHen1m payxHepnon
konevnoaneHen1non ce1kn
a 1pexHepnoH cnyae: uen1pa nenkn, ysnoa, peep,
rpanen n neek (2%## 2%&!%;+ &/=%+ %=6%+ la2%+ 2%##) (pnc.
3.4).
. *.+. cnoanme aneHen1m 1pexHepnon
konevnoaneHen1non ce1kn
e1opnka noc1poennn konenoaneHen1non ce1kn a
nporpaHHe Gamb! Hano o1nnae1cn o1 He1opnkn
noc1poennn ce1ok a ppyrnx >5Z nporpaHHax n Hoe1 L1L
ocyuec1anena cnepykunHn 1peHn cnocoaHn.
1. a1oHa1neckoe noc1poenne. no ocyuec1anne1cn
u1a1nLHn nporpaHHnLHn cpepc1aaHn es yac1nn
nonLsoaa1enn. a1oH cnyae nporpaHHa anannsnpye1
qopHy n pasHepL o1ek1a n npoye1 nanon1L ce1ky
nanonee npoc1LH cnocooH. onLunnc1ae cnyaea
1aknH cnocooH Hono noc1pon1L 1onLko
117
nec1pyk1ypnpoaannyk ce1ky npn o1nocn1enLno
npoc1on qopHe reoHe1pnn.
2. onyaa1oHa1neckoe noc1poenne. pn a1oH yac1ne
nonLsoaa1enn saknkae1cn a nasnaennn pasHepa
nenkn, Hec1 cryuennn ce1kn nnn ncna konenLx ane-
Hen1oa. cnoaLaancL na aaepennLx napaHe1pax, npo-
rpaHHa c1pon1 ce1ky. onLunnc1ae cnyaea ona
1ake nonyae1cn nec1pyk1ypnpoaannon, no onee
aLcokoro kaec1aa, eH a nepaoH cnyae.
3. e1ka c1pon1cn nonLsoaa1eneH. a1oH cnyae
noc1poenne nponsaopn1cn nenocpepc1aenno
pace1nkoH o1 npoc1oro aneHen1a k cnonoHy,
nannan c peep n sakannaan o1eHaHn. pannoH
cnyae npouecc pasnennn pace1non onac1n Hoe1
aknka1L a cen pononnn1enLnLe onepaunn
pekoHnosnunn reoHe1pnn na nokn, ko1opLe Hono
pasn1L c1pyk1ypno, a 1ake pononnn1enLnLe
koHanpL ynpaanennn pasnenneH.
epaLe paa He1opa, kak npaanno, ne nosaonnk1
noc1pon1L c1pyk1ypnyk ce1ky, 1o o1pnua1enLno
ckasLaae1cn na 1onoc1n pace1a. oa1oHy pnn 1onLx
pace1oa cnepye1 nonLsoaa1Lcn 1pe1LnH cnocooH. pnako
npouecc noc1poennn kaec1aennon c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn
kpono1nna, 1pypoeHok, 1peye1 o1 nonLsoaa1enn
onpepenennon kaannqnkaunn. o nHekunHcn caepennnH n
onL1y aa1opoa knnrn npouecc nanoennn kaec1aennon
c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn Hoe1 sannHa1L po 80% apeHenn
peuennn sapan. eH ne Henee, snan1enLno aospac1akuan
1onoc1L pace1a onpaapLaae1 a1n sa1pa1L.
pn noc1poennn konenoaneHen1nLx ce1ok cnepye1
npnpepnaa1Lcn payx ocnoanLx npaann |1,7,11.14|:
a onac1n noaLuennLx rpapnen1oa (ckopoc1n,
paanennn, 1eHnepa1ypL) neoxopnHo npnHenn1L ce1ky
noaLuennon nno1noc1n (ryc1o1L);
118
*.,. en
noc1poenns pacve1non
ce1kn
rpann konenLx aneHen1oa
ponnL L1L
copnen1npoaanL no nnnnnH
1oka paoero 1ena.
nn aLnonnennn a1oporo
npaanna npepno1n1enLnee
ncnonLsoaa1L rekcaappanLnLe
konenLe aneHen1L a
1pexHepnLx pace1nLx Hopennx n e1LpexyronLnLe - a
payxHepnLx. pneH a1n aneHen1L cnepye1 opnen1npoaa1L
1ak, 1oL opna ac1L nx rpanen Lna napannenLna no1oky,
ppyran nepnenpnkynnpna. pnako peanLnan konqnrypaunn
pace1non onac1n Hoe1 cyuec1aenno ocnonn1L
aLnonnenne nocnepnero 1peoaannn.
3.2. anenne na konevnme aneHen1m pacve1non
onac1n a nporpaHHe G&'()"
enk pao1L c pace1nLHn konenoaneHen1nLHn
ce1kaHn nokasano na pnc. 3.5. oc1yn k neHy o1kpLaae1cn
naa1neH knonkn a rnaanoH Henk. Henk,
nsopaennoH na pnc. 3.5 naxopn1cn knonkn, o1kpLaakune
poc1yn k rpynnaH koHanp noc1poennn n pepak1npoaannn
ce1kn a norpannnoH cnoe , na nnnnn , noaepxnoc1n
, a o1eHe n na rpynnax .
accHo1pnH 1nnnnyk c1pyk1ypy Henk noc1poennn n
pepak1npoaannn ce1kn na npnHepe Henk 9aPj "a2%
(pasnennn noaepxnoc1n na ) (pnc. 3.6).
MMN

F&P
(e1ka
)
(oaepxnoc1
L)
annoe Henk nanne1cn nanonee ounH n
nokasa1enLnLH. enk noc1poennn n pepak1npoaannn ce1ok
119
na nnnnnx n o1eHax nHek1 1y e c1pyk1ypy, no a nnx
poc1ynno HenLuee ncno koHanp.
ak anpno ns pnc. 3.6, Henk noc1poennn n
pepak1npoaannn ce1ok coc1on1 ns neckonLknx knonok,
o1kpLaakunx poc1yn k coo1ae1c1aykunH koHanpaH.
Lenok na knonkax npaaon knaanuen HLun (a cnyae, ecnn
na knonke ec1L kpacnLn 1peyronLnnk cneaa annsy) o1kpoe1
poc1yn k koHanpaH cxoero copepannn.
L

h
K

N

K\
1

q#&@{
L

N|

*... nnnvnas c1pyk1ypa Hen noc1poenns n

pepak1npoaanns konevnmx aneHen1oa
nn konenoaneHen1non ce1kn na noaepxnoc1n poc1ynnL
cnepykune koHanpL (pnc 3.6).
Y44$$ J4$E4^7$#$46 $J 43[$J$
. oHanpa ocyuec1anne1 noc1poenne ce1kn na
aLpenennoH aneHen1e. na copepn1 pnp nac1poek,
nosaonnkunx ynpaann1L npoueccoH pasnennn. opponee
pao1a c koHanpon npnHenn1enLno k pasnLH
reoHe1pnecknH o1ek1aH ype1 paccHo1pena nne. 1a
koHanpa Hoe1 npnHenn1Lcn pnn acex aneHen1oa
reoHe1pnn.
120
B#$$$ C474?$_ 748 _E$6J . oHanpa
nosaonne1 nonLsoaa1enk nsHenn1L nonoenne nkoro ysna
nenkn na neoxopnHoe. a1on e nosnunn naxopn1cn ko-
Hanpa Spt Ouad Meshes , nosaonnkuan noc1pon1L na
ase e1LpexyronLnon ce1kn 1peyronLnyk noaLuennoro ka-
ec1aa. peyronLnan ce1ka nonyae1cn penenneH e1Lpex-
yronLnLx aneHen1oa pnaronannHn (pnc. 3.7). 1a koHanpa
poc1ynna 1onLko pnn noaepxnoc1en.
. *.9. esynL1a1 penc1ans koHanpm /Ql)" hu&- MMNM
XD7?8$ $J . oHanpa nosaonne1 crnapn1L
ce1ky konenLx aneHen1oa. enc1ane koHanpL nponnnkc1-
pnpoaano na pnc. 3.8. na npnHenn1cn pnn noaepxnoc1non n
o1eHnon ce1kn.
. *.8. esynL1a1 crnaxnaanns ce1kn
121
$GJ48$ 348 4E$J . oHanpa
nosaonne1 nsHenn1L a1pny1L 1oek, 1o pae1 aosHonoc1L
ynpaann1L npoueccoH pasnennn noaepxnoc1en n c1pon1L
c1pyk1ypnLe ce1kn. opponee nasnaenne koHanpL n pa-
o1a c nen ype1 paccHo1pena a noppaspene 3.6. oHanpa
poc1ynna 1onLko pnn noaepxnoc1en.
B#$$$ E7 748 _E$6J J4$E4D4 ^7$#$
. o yHonannk kapLn konenLn aneHen1 nHee1 ysnL
1onLko a caonx aepunnax. annan koHanpa nosaonne1 c1po-
n1L pononnn1enLnLe ysnL na rpannx n a uen1pe neek, 1o
nosaonne1 1onee yn1Laa1L rpapnen1L nsHenennn
napaHe1poa. enc1ane koHanpL na npnHepe noaepxnoc1en
nokasano na pnc. 3.9. sHenenne ncna ysnoa na rpannx a
1pexHepnLx nenkax nponcxopn1 no 1oHy e npnnunny.
oHanpa poc1ynna pnn noaepxnoc1en n o1eHoa.
. *.>. osHoxnoe pacnonoxenne ysnoa
konevnoaneHen1non ce1kn na nnocknx aneHen1ax
X8_A8$ K [$G$$ $J. oHanpa
cansLaae1 ce1kn na aneHen1ax c opnnakoaon reoHe1pnen.
pesynL1a1e na nnx naknapLaae1cn npen1nnan ce1ka.
ansLaanne nanne1cn neoxopnHLH ycnoaneH pnn sapannn
nepnopnecknx rpannnLx ycnoann, a 1ake Hoe1
122
npnHenn1Lcn npn ynpouennn pasnennn opnnakoaLx
aneHen1oa. opponee pao1a c koHanpon ype1 pac-
cHo1pena nne. na poc1ynna pnn nnnnn, noaepxnoc1en n
o1eHoa.
Y$4348$ $J 8 D$4#$E$J6 43[$J
. noHouLk pannon koHanpL na ase cyuec1aykuen
ce1kn Hoe1 L1L cospan reoHe1pnecknn o1ek1. a1on
e nosnunn naxopn1cn koHanpa paspenennn noaepxnoc1n
no ysnaH konenoaneHen1non ce1kn . na nosaonne1
paspenn1L pasn1yk na konenLe aneHen1L noaepxnoc1L na
pae anp1yanLnLx noHannon nnnnen, ko1opan sapae1cn
ysnaHn neek, npnnapneaunx noaepxnoc1n. enc1ane
koHanpL nokasano na pnc. 3.10.
. *.10. enc1ane koHanpm penenns noaepxnoc1n no ysnaH
ce1kn
AGE 54#\ 4 $J$ . oHanpa pae1
nnqopHaunk o konenoaneHen1non ce1ke: ncno neek,
ysnoa, rpanen n 1.n. poHe 1oro, a a1on e nosnunn
naxopn1cn koHanpa Check , nosaonnkuan npoaepn1L
123
noc1poennyk ce1ky na nannne ounok. e koHanpL
poc1ynnL pnn acex aneHen1oa.
iG7$$ $J . oHanpa ypanne1 cyuec1aykuyk
ce1ky c aLpenennoro aneHen1a. opponee pao1a c koHan-
pon ype1 paccHo1pena nne. oHanpa poc1ynna pnn acex
aneHen1oa.
enk noc1poennn n pepak1npoaannn ce1ok na nnnnnx,
o1eHax n rpynnax nHek1 cxoyk c1pyk1ypy n koHanpL.
c1anoanHcn na ocnoanLx penc1annx c koneno-aneHen1non
ce1kon nopponee.
nnHanne! pn pao1e c ce1kon anaane onsa1enLno
nyno aLpa1L o1ek1, nap ko1opLH nponsaopn1cn
penc1ann, a nnuL sa1eH pena1L nac1ponkn a Henk. cnn e
aLop aneHen1a npoaopn1L nocne nac1poek, 1o onn ypy1
cpouenL.
*.2.1. 3$$ 76 J4$EA$ ^7$#$A
asnenne nnnnn na konenLe aneHen1L
ocyuec1anne1cn c noHouLk koHanpL:
MMN

E-O

MMN -O
(e1ka
)
(nnnnn) (pasn1L
nnnnk)
enk koHanpL nokasano na pnc. 3.11. a1oH Henk a
none Z=6%P (nosnunn Q) aLnpae1cn opna nnn neckonLko
nnnnn, ko1opLe npepnonarae1cn pasn1L. pn aLope
neckonLknx nnnnn, ecnn ak1nana onunn ]2@ C!j #&@P onn
ypy1 cansanL. cnn opna ns nnx a panLnenueH ype1
aLpana anoaL pnn pasnennn, aa1oHa1neckn ypy1 aL-
panL n oc1anLnLe nnnnn, cansannLe c nen. pnpe cnyaea
a1o poc1aanne1 onpepenennoe neypoc1ao.
Lpannan nnnnn aLpenne1cn kpacnLH uae1oH c enLHn
okpynoc1nHn (pnc. 3.12), pacnonoenne ko1opLx
nokasLaae1 kak ypy1 pacnonara1Lcn ysnL konenoane-
Hen1non ce1kn a coo1ae1c1ann co cpenannLHn
nac1ponkaHn. cnyae nx nsHenennn, okpynoc1n
124
. *.11. en pasnenns
nnnnn na konevnme
aneHen1m
ckoppek1npyk1 caoe nonoenne
no noaLH snaennnH, 1o oenL
ypono n narnnpno. pa1n1e
annHanne na 1o, 1o nnnnn
nHee1 nanpaanenne,
oosnaennoe c1penkon a
uen1panLnon ac1n. no nHee1
snaenne npn cryuennn ce1kn k
opnoHy ns konuoa nnnnn. nn
1oro, 1oL nsHenn1L nanpaa-
nenne nnnnn neoxopnHo
naa1L knonky B%0%;P% nop
noneH Z=6%P, nno uenkny1L na
nnnnn cpepnen knaanuen HLun
c naa1on knaanuen 7jl!.
none G;a=&6 a Henk no-
c1poennn ce1kn na nnnnn (nosn-
unn [ na pnc. 3.11) sapak1cn
napaHe1pL cryuennn ce1kn.
porpaHHa Gamb! nosaonne1
cryua1L ce1ky kak k opnoHy,
1ak n opnoapeHenno k payH
konuaH nnnnn. nn 1oro, 1oL
nonyn1L poc1yn k onunnH
nac1ponkn cryuennn, nyno na-
a1L knonky 533#4 a none G;a=&6. npaann1L npoueccoH
cryuennn Hono c noHouLk nonocL npokpy1kn nop noneH
Ba!/( epepanran erynok Hono yanpe1L, 1o ce1ka y
opnoro konua nnnnn c1anoan1cn ryue (pnc. 3.12, ). pn
a1oH ouee ncno aneHen1oa na nnnnn ne Henne1cn. onee
1ono sapa1L aennnny cryuennn ce1kn Hono, aaepn
koaqqnunen1 poc1a a none Ba!/. n nokasLaae1, ao
ckonLko pas cnepykunn aneHen1 ype1 onLue
npepLpyuero. cnn cryuenne ce1kn nponsouno ne y
125
1peyeHoro konua o1peska, a y npo1naonononoro, nyno
naa1L knonky W&0%;! (pnc. 3.12, ).
cnn naa1L knonky ?/$b#% P=%=+ cryuenne ype1
ocyuec1ann1Lcn y oonx konuoa nnnnn (pnc. 3.12, ). pn
a1oH nonan1cn a1opoe none Ba!/ n a1opan nonoca
npokpy1kn, 1o nosaonne1 cryc1n1L ce1ky y pasnLx konuoa
nnnnn na pasnnnyk aennnny.
. *.12. asnme aapnan1m crymenns ce1kn na nnnnn
none :43% naxopn1cn cnncok, a ko1opoH Hono
aLpa1L sakonoHepnoc1L, no ko1opon ype1 nponcxopn1L
cryuenne ce1kn.
onnec1ao konenLx aneHen1oa, na ko1opoe ype1
paspenena nnnnn, onpepenne1cn a none 73a2&6 (nosnunn S
na pnc. 3.11). cnn a a1oH none knonka 533#4 ne naa1a, 1o
nporpaHHa onpepenn1 ncno aneHen1oa n pasoLe1 nnnnk a
aa1oHa1neckoH penHe. cnn knonka 533#4 naa1a, 1o
ncno konenLx aneHen1oa onpepenne1cn nonLsoaa1eneH.
onnec1ao konenLx aneHen1oa, na ko1opoe ype1
paspenena nnnnn, Hoe1 L1L sapano 1peHn cnocoaHn:
W&!%;0a# 2/$&! - sapanneH ncna konenLx aneHen1oa
na aLpannon nnnnn;
126
. *.1*. en pasnenns
noaepxnoc1en na konevnme
aneHen1m
W&!%;0a# P8% - nenocpepc1aenno sapanneH pasHepa
konenoro aneHen1a;
7j/;!%P! %=6%( - pasHep aneHen1a sapae1cn a anpe
npouen1a o1 pnnnL nnnnn.
Lop cnocoa onpepenennn pasHepa konenoro
aneHen1a ocyuec1anne1cn a cnncke nonn 73a2&6.
nnnen ac1n Henk koHanpL pasnennn nnnnn na
konenLe aneHen1L (nosnunn v na pnc. 3.11) pacnonarae1cn
neckonLko pononnn1enLnLx onunn:
9%Pj( cnn a1a onunn ak1nana, 1o noc1poennan ce1ka
ype1 nsopaena a rpaqneckoH okne. cnn ona ne
ak1nana - ce1ka ype1 noc1poena, no ne o1opaena;
B%m/0% /#= maPj( k1naaunn a1on onunn npnaopn1 k
ypanennk c1apon ce1kn nepep noc1poenneH noaon,
ecnn ona Lna nanecena panee na o1ek1;
W6&/;% P8% l$&2!/&( pn ak1naaunn a1on onunn,
pasHepnan qynkunn (nasnaenne n nac1ponkn
pasHepnon qynkunn onncanL nne), ecnn ona Lna
sapana, ype1 nrnopnpoaa1Lcn npn nanecennn ce1kn.
ocne 1oro, kak ace
nac1ponkn cpenanL, koHanpa
sanyckae1cn naa1neH knonkn
533#4. aa1ne knonkn B%P%!
aepne1 nac1ponkn koHanpL,
yc1anoanennLe a nporpaHHe no
yHonannk.
*.2.2. 3$$
C48$F4$6 J4$EA$
^7$#$A
asnenne noaepxnoc1en na
konenLe aneHen1L
ocyuec1anne1cn c noHouLk
koHanpL:
127
MMN

F&P

MMN T&P
(e1ka
)
(oaepxnoc1
L)
(pasn1L
noaepxnoc1
L)
enk a1on koHanpL nokasano na pnc. 3.13. pa1n1e
annHanne na 1o, 1o ono ao HnoroH noa1opne1 Henk no-
c1poennn ce1kn na nnnnn.
nn pasnennn noaepxnoc1n na konenLe aneHen1L
neoxopnHo anaane aLpa1L ee a none "a2%P (nosnunn Q na
pnc. 3.13) a Henk 9%Pj "a2%.
Lop pasHepa neek, na ko1opLe penn1cn noaepxnoc1L,
ocyuec1anne1cn a none 73a2&6 nopono 1oHy, kak a1o
penanocL npn pasnennn nnnnn. pecL qopHanLno poc1ynnL
1e e 1pn cnocoa nasnaennn pasHepa aneHen1a, 1o n npn
pasnennn nnnnn. pnako na npak1nke aue acero pasHep
konenoro aneHen1a sapak1 nenocpepc1aennLH aaopoH ero
aennnnL (W&!%;0a# P8%). nepye1 o1He1n1L, 1o npn a1oH
rpann noaepxnoc1n ypy1 pasn1L a coo1ae1c1ann c
aLpannLHn nac1ponkaHn, npneH ce1ka na nnx ype1 paa-
noHepnon. nn 1oro, 1oL cryc1n1L ce1ky a 1peyeHLx
Hec1ax neoxopnHo npepaapn1enLnoe pasnenne peep c
noHouLk koHanpL 9%Pj Z=6%.
ne nonn "a2%P naxopn1cn none 72j%m%+ a ko1opoH
onpepenne1cn kaknH 1nnoH konenLx aneHen1oa ype1
pasn1a noaepxnoc1L n no kakon cxeHe (npnnunny).
oaepxnoc1L Hoe1 L1L pasn1a 1peyronLnon (:BW),
e1LpexyronLnon (U5?) n cHeuannon (U5?y:BW) ce1kon.
Lop 1nna aneHen1oa ocyuec1anne1cn a cnncke Z#%m%&!P
(nosnunn [ na pnc. 3.13).
ne nonn Z#%m%&!P naxopn1cn none (nosnunn S na
pnc. 3.13), a ko1opoH pacnonarae1cn cnncok aLopa cxeHL
pasnennn noaepxnoc1n. xeHa onpepenne1
sakonoHepnoc1L, a coo1ae1c1ann c ko1opon ype1
ocyuec1ann1Lcn noc1poenne ce1kn. nn e1LpexyronLnLx
aneHen1oa poc1ynnL cnepykune cxeHL:
128
95] - c1pyk1ypnpoaannan ce1ka;
7U`95] - nono-c1pyk1ypnpoaannan ce1ka;
:BW ]BW9W:WzZ - nono-c1pyk1ypnan cxeHa pnn
noaepxnoc1en 1peyronLnon 1ononornn;
]5zZ - nec1pyk1ypnpoaannan ce1ka.
nn 1peyronLnLx aneHen1oa poc1ynnL cnepykune cxeHL:
95] 7]AW: - ce1ka, nonyaeHan ns e1LpexyronLnon
95] ce1kn paspenenneH neek pnaronanLk, nopono
1oHy kak nokasano na pnc. 3.7;
7U`95] 7]AW: ce1ka, nonyaeHan ns e1LpexyronLnon
7U`95] ce1kn paspenenneH neek pnaronanLk,
nopono 1oHy kak nokasano na pnc. 3.7;
]5zZ - nec1pyk1ypnpoaannan ce1ka.
nn ce1kn cHeuannLx aneHen1oa poc1ynnL cnepykune
cxeHL pasnennn:
95] - c1pyk1ypnpoaannan ce1ka;
]5zZ - nec1pyk1ypnpoaannan ce1ka;
<Z?GZ ]BW9W:WzZ - c1pyk1ypnoe pasnenne
1peyronLnon pace1non onac1n e1LpexyronLnLHn
aneHen1aHn c 1peyronLnLHn aneHen1aHn annsn
opnoro ns yrnoa.
ak anpno ns npnaepennLx pannLx, pnn acex
ncnonLsyeHLx 1nnoa neek cxeHa ]a0% nanne1cn
nec1pyk1ypnon. c1anLnLe 1nnL - c1pyk1ypnLe. opponee
o cxeHax pasnennn n noc1poennn c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn ype1
pacckasano a paspene 3.6.
nunn 7m//!j%; (nosnunn v na pnc. 3.13) nosaonne1
crnanaa1L ce1ky a npouecce pasnennn.
nnnen ac1n Henk paccHa1pnaaeHon koHanpL
poc1ynnL pononnn1enLnLe onunn ynpaanennn npoueccoH
pasnennn (nosnunn m na pnc. 3.13). 1n onunn coanapak1
no nasaannk n penc1ank c onunnHn a Henk noc1poennn
ce1kn na nnnnn, sa ncknkenneH nannnn pononnn1enLnon
onunn B%m/0% #/0%; maPj( e ak1naaunn npnaepe1 k 1oHy,
129
. *.1+. en pasnenns
oeHoa na konevnme
aneHen1m
1o npn pasnennn noaepxnoc1n
ype1 nrnopnpoaa1Lcn
npepaapn1enLnoe pasnenne ee
okoaLx peep.
ocne 1oro, kak ace
nac1ponkn cpenanL, koHanpa
sanyckae1cn naa1neH knonkn
533#4. aa1ne knonkn B%P%!
aepne1 nac1ponkn koHanpL,
yc1anoanennLe a nporpaHHe no
yHonannk.
*.2.*. 3$$ 43[$#48
J4$EA$ ^7$#$A
asnenne o1eHoa na
konenLe aneHen1L
ocyuec1anne1cn c noHouLk koHanpL:
MMN

d0lu'

MMN
d0lu'
(e1ka
)
(1eH) (pasn1L
o1eH)
enk a1on koHanpL nokasano na pnc. 3.14. no ao
HnoroH noa1opne1 Henk pasnennn noaepxnoc1en.
npepenenne ncna nnn pasHepa konenoro aneHen1a a
oonx Henk nponcxopn1 opnnakoao. ononnn1enLnLe
onunn, poc1ynnLe a nnnen ac1n Henk, 1ake opnnakoaL.
ak n a Henk noc1poennn konenoaneHen1non ce1kn na
noaepxnoc1n, nac1ponka napaHe1poa pasnennn
ocyuec1anne1cn a none 72j%m%( neH a cnncke Z#%m%&!P
(nosnunn [ na pnc. 3.14) ocyuec1anne1cn aLop 1nna
konenoaneHen1nLx neek, ko1opLe ypy1 npnHenn1Lcn npn
pasnennn o1eHa. cero poc1ynnL 1pn 1nna neek:
ZX - o1eH ype1 pasn1 rekcaappaHn;
ZX1<5?GZ - o1eH ype1 pasn1 rekcaappaHn n npns-
HaHn;
130
:Z:1GW`BW? - o1eH ype1 pasn1 1e1paappaHn,
nnpaHnpaHn nnn npnsHaHn.
ne nonn Z#%m%&!P naxopn1cn none (nosnunn S na
pnc. 3.14), a ko1opoH naxopn1cn cnncok aLopa cxeHL
pasnennn noaepxnoc1n. xeHa onpepenne1
sakonoHepnoc1L, a coo1ae1c1ann c ko1opon ype1
ocyuec1ann1Lcn noc1poenne ce1kn. nn rekcaappanLnLx
aneHen1oa (ZX{ poc1ynnL cnepykune cxeHL pasnennn:
95] - c1pyk1ypnan ce1ka;
7U`95] - nono - c1pyk1ypnan ce1ka;
:Z: ]BW9W:WzZ - nono - c1pyk1ypnan ce1ka pnn
o1eHoa 1e1paappanLnon 1ononornn;
>ii]ZB - c1pyk1ypnan ce1ka, nonyaeHan
npoeunpoaanneH ce1kn c opnnx rpanen o1eHa na
npo1naoneaune;
7:5WB7:Z] -sanonnenne o1eHa cnonHn neek (pnc.
3.15). 1a cxeHa pasnennn npnHenne1cn pepko.
. *.1,. asnenne unnnnppnveckoro oeHa no cxeHe
/TAI</TEj
131
. *.1.. onevnoaneHen1nas
ce1ka a uen1panLnon vac1n
unnnnppnveckoro oeHa,
pasn1oro no cxeHe VEk HW<E
onenoaneHen1nan ce1ka, coc1onuan ns rek-
caappanLnLx n npnsHa1necknx aneHen1oa (ZX1<5?GZ{+
Hoe1 L1L pasn1a 1onLko no cxeHe >ii]ZB.
nn ce1kn na ocnoae 1e1paappoa, nnpaHnp n npnsH
(:Z:1o`BW?) poc1ynnL paa He1opa pasnennn:
:GBW? - nec1pyk1ypnan ce1ka, noc1poennan ynnaep-
canLnLH He1opoH nocnonnon yknapkn aneHen1oa a
o1eH;
ZX >iBZ - no-
c1poenne
nec1pyk1ypnon
ce1kn c onac1Lk,
pasn1on rekcaap-
panLnon ce1kon
any1pn o1eHa
(pnc. 3.16).
ocne 1oro, kak ace
nac1ponkn cpenanL, ko-
Hanpa sanyckae1cn
naa1neH knonkn
533#4. aa1ne knonkn
B%P%! aepne1 nac1ponkn
koHanpL, yc1anoanennLe a nporpaHHe no yHonannk.
*.2.+. X8_4$ 3$$ ^7$#$48 D$4#$
ak o1HeanocL aLue, pnn koppek1noro sapannn
nepnopneckoro rpannnoro ycnoann neoxopnHo, 1oL
pannLe rpannuL nHenn cansannyk koneno-aneHen1nyk
ce1ky. ansannLe o1ek1L pasnaak1cn na konenLe
aneHen1L c1poro opnnakoao. ansLaanne ce1ok payx nnn
onee aneHen1oa ocyuec1anne1cn c noHouLk koHanpL A&@
( ansa1L ce1kn Hono 1onLko na aneHen1ax c
opnnakoaon reoHe1pnen. cnn na cansannLn aneHen1
132
. *.19. en
cassmaanns
konevnoaneHen1nmx ce1ok
nnnnn
nanon1L konenoaneHen1nyk ce1ky, 1o a1opon pasoLe1cn
aa1oHa1neckn.
nepye1 1ake o1He1n1L, 1o cansL ce1ok naknapLaae1
orpannennn na onepaunn c reoHe1pnen. anpnHep,
aneHen1L, na ko1opLe nanoena cansL, nenLsn o1epnnn1L,
penn1L, cknapLaa1L, aLn1a1L n 1.p. nn npoaepennn a1nx
onepaunn cansL neoxopnHo ypa1L c noHouLk koHanpL
U&#&@ .
c1anoan1L cansL pasnennn na nnnnnx Hono c
noHouLk koHanpL:
MMN

E-O

L)!e -O
(e1ka
)
(nnnnn) (cansa1L
nnnnn)
enk koHanpL nokasano na pnc. 3.17. ao1a c nnH ne
coc1aanne1 cnonoc1en. none Z=6%P neoxopnHo aLpa1L
cansLaaeHLe nnnnn (ne Hene payx) n naa1L knonky 533#4.
nunk ]%;/=2 cnepye1
ak1nanpoaa1L a cnyae, ecnn na
cansannLe nnnnn ype1
anocnepc1ann yc1anoaneno
nepnopneckoe rpannnoe
ycnoane.
ansL konenoaneHen1nLx
ce1ok na pasnLx noaepxnoc1nx
Hono yc1anoan1L c noHouLk
koHanpL:
MMN

F&P

L)!e T&P
(e1ka
)
(oaepxnoc1
L)
(cansa1L
noaepxnoc1
n)
enk koHanpL nokasano na pnc. 3.18. 1a koHanpa
nosaonne1 cansa1L 1onLko napy noaepxnoc1en. pannoH
Henk a aepxneH none "a2% (nosnunn Q) cnepye1 aLpa1L
opny ns cansLaaeHLx noaepxnoc1en. nnneH none "a2%
133
. *.18. en
cassmaanns
konevnoaneHen1nmx ce1ok
payx noaepxnoc1en
(nosnunn S) - ppyryk.
aepxneH none z%;!2%P (nosnunn
[) nyno ykasa1L
nponsaonLnyk 1oky, npn-
napneauyk nepaon
noaepxnoc1n. nnneH none
z%;!2%P (nosnunn v) - op-
nonHennyk 1oky a1opon no-
aepxnoc1n.
pa1n1e annHanne, 1o npn
aLpenennn noaepxnoc1n ee
kon1yp aLpenne1cn kpacnLH
uae1oH, npneH na nnx anpnL
c1penkn, sapakune
nanpaanenne oxopa. cnn
nanpaanenne c1penok na
aLpannLx noaepxnoc1nx npo1naonononL, nyno
ak1nanpoaa1L onunk B%0%;P% /;%&!a!/& a nnnen ac1n
Henk.
ansL ce1ok na o1eHax yc1anaannaae1cn c noHouLk ko-
HanpL:
MMN

d0lu'

L)!e
d0lu'
(e1ka
)
(1eH) (cansa1L
o1eHL)
enk koHanpL nokasano na pnc. 3.19. neH a nonnx
z/#$m% neoxopnHo aLpa1L cansLaaeHLe o1eHL.
anyckae1cn koHanpa naa1neH knonkn 533#4(
oHanpon opa1non A&@ nanne1cn koHanpa U&#&@
+ ko1opan ypanne1 cansn Hepy ce1kaHn pasnnnLx
aneHen1oa. enk koHanpL pnn pasnLx reoHe1pnecknx
o1ek1oa aLrnnpn1 opnnakoao n npnaepeno na pnc. 3.20.
neH neoxopnHo aLpa1L aneHen1L, cansn na ko1opLx
nyno ypann1L, n naa1L knonky 533#4. cnn ne
134
ak1nanpoaa1L onunk A/C%; !/3/#/64, 1o cansL ype1
ypanena 1onLko na aLpenennLx reoHe1pnecknx o1ek1ax.
oc1aannkune nx aneHen1L nnsuero nopnpka oc1any1cn
cansannLHn.
. *.1>. en cassmaanns
konevnoaneHen1nmx ce1ok
payx oeHoa
. *.20. en koHanpm
ypanenns cassen
konevnoaneHen1nmx ce1ok
*.2.,. iG7$$ $4J
panenne konenoaneHen1non ce1kn c aLpenennoro
aneHen1a reoHe1pnn ocyuec1anne1cn c noHouLk koHanpL
?%#%!% 9aPj%P . oc1yn k nen
ocyuec1anne1cn naa1neH
kpannen npaaon knonkon a
nnneH pnpy a Henk
noc1poennn n pepak1npoaannn
ce1kn (pnc 3.6). enk koHanpL
?%#%!% 9aPj%P nokasano na pnc.
3.21.
ao1a c koHanpon ne aLsLaae1 cnonoc1en. noHouLk
HLun aLnpak1cn o1ek1L, ce1ky na ko1opLx neoxopnHo
ypann1L, sa1eH knonkon 533#4 nop1aeppae1cn aLnonnenne
penc1ann. cnn a Henk ?%#%!% 9aPj%P ak1nanpoaa1L onunk
B%m/0% $&$P%= #/C%; m%Pj, 1o ce1ka ype1 ypanena aHec1e
c ce1kaHn npnnapneaunHn o1ek1aH nnsunx 1ononornn,
sa ncknkenneH 1ex, ko1opLe ncnonLsyk1cn ppyrnHn
o1ek1aHn. cnn a1a onunn ne ak1nana, 1o ype1 ypanena
135
. *.21. en al"
M&MNM
ce1ka 1onLko c aLpannoro o1ek1a, ce1kn nnsunx ane-
Hen1oa ypy1 coxpanenL.
3.3. 1pyk1ypnoe pasnenne npnc1enovnmx
onac1en
nn nonyennn kaec1aennoro peuennn neoxopnHo
ocoenno 1ua1enLno nopxopn1L k noc1poennk ce1kn a
Hec1ax c onLunHn rpapnen1aHn napaHe1poa. nepayk
oepepL a1o o1nocn1cn k norpannnLH cnonH na
o1ekaeHLx o1ek1ax nnn c1enkax kananoa. nn
noc1poennn aLcokokaec1aennon ce1kn a npnc1enonLx so-
nax a nporpaHHe Gamb! nHee1cn koHanpa `/$&=a;4 Aa4%;P
. e1ka, noc1poennan c ee ncnonLsoaanneH, nosaonne1
yn1Laa1L nanennn a norpannnoH cnoe c onLuen
1onoc1Lk npn HenLueH no1penoH ncne konenLx
aneHen1oa. nopnpoennoe pasnenne norpannnoro cnon
Hoe1 ncnonLsoaa1Lcn npn peuennn kak payxHepnLx, 1ak n
1pexHepnLx sapa. pnc1enonLe ce1kn Hory1 L1L
noc1poenL kak pnn pace1nLx Hopenen co c1pyk1ypnon ce1-
kon, 1ak n nec1pyk1ypnon (pnc. 3.22). nkoH cnyae ce1ka
coc1on1 ns payx nokoa: ynopnpoennon ce1kn annsn
o1ekaeHLx aneHen1oa, noc1poennon c noHouLk koHanpL
`/$&=a;4 Aa4%;P+ n ce1kn a oc1anLnon ac1n pace1non
onac1n. cnonLsoaanne ynopnpoennoro pasnennn
npnc1enonLx cnoea nosaonne1 cyuec1aenno noaLcn1L
1onoc1L pace1a na nec1pyk1ypnon ce1ke.
136
. *.22. pnHenenne ynopspovennoro pasnenns
npnc1enovnmx cnoea c nec1pyk1ypnon ce1kon
oc1yn k Henk `/$&=a;4 Aa4%;P (pnc. 3.23)
ocyuec1anne1cn cnepykunH opasoH:
MMN

B0u!-&2`
L&`2M
(e1ka
)
(npnc1enon
Le cnon)
Q(
L

[(

S( L
e

m( N

v(
N|

^(

. *.2*. en B0u!-&2` L&`2M
137
ak anpno ns pnc. 3.23, Henk coc1on1 ns neckonLknx
knonok, o1kpLaakunx poc1yn k nopHenk cospannn n
pepak1npoaannn konenoaneHen1non ce1kn a npnc1enonLx
sonax.
accHo1pnH nopHenk noc1poennn ynopnpoennon ce1kn
a npnc1enonon sone, ko1opoe nokasano na pnc. 3.24.
ero aepxnen ac1n npnaopn1cn nsopaenne (nosnunn
Q), na ko1opoH pana cxeHa norpannnoro cnon cornacno
1ekyunH nac1ponkaH n npoc1aanenL xapak1epnLe pasHepL.
nn 1oro, 1oL onnca1L ynopnpoennyk ce1ky a
npnc1enonon sone, a a1oH Henk neoxopnHo cpena1L cne-
pykune nac1ponkn.
none 5!!a2jm%&! (nosnunn [) aLnpak1cn
reoHe1pneckne o1ek1L, na ko1opLx ypy1 c1pon1cn
npoc1enonLe cnon. nn Hory1 L1L cospanL 1onLko na
nnnnnx (pnn payxHepnLx pace1nLx Hopenen) n na
noaepxnoc1nx (pnn 1pexHepnLx).
ac1ponka napaHe1poa cryuennn ce1kn a npnc1enonon
sone ocyuec1anne1cn a none ?%}&!/&. ero aepxnen ac1n
naxopn1cn cnncok 5#6/;!jm+ c noHouLk ko1oporo Hoe1
L1L aLpan anropn1H cryuennn ce1kn. cero poc1ynno 1pn
anropn1Ha:
U&l/;m - a a1oH cnyae pnn sapannn cryuennn
ncnonLsye1cn pasHep npnc1enonon nenkn,
koaqqnunen1 nokasLaakunn ao ckonLko cnepykunn
o1 c1enkn aneHen1 onLue npepLpyuero n ncno
npnc1enonLx aneHen1oa nnn rnynna npnc1enono
cnon;
5P3%2! ;a!/ q};P!{ - a1o1 cnoco ananornen npepLpy-
ueHy. pnnc1aennoe o1nnne saknkae1cn a 1oH, 1o
aHec1o 1onunnL nepaoro o1 c1enkn aneHen1a sa-
pae1cn o1nouenne ero c1opon;
138
. *.2+. opHen
noc1poenns npnc1enovnoro
cnos
5P3%2! ;a!/ q#aP!{ - a a1oH
cnyae pnn sapannn
cryuennn sapae1cn
pasHep npnc1enonon
nenkn, ncno neek a npn-
c1enonon sone n o1no-
uenne c1opon panLnero o1
c1enkn aneHen1a sonL.
a pnc. 3.24 nokasano Henk
pnn cospannn ynopnpoennon
ce1kn a npnc1enonon sone c
noHouLk anropn1Ha U&l/;m(
none ";P! ;/C (S na pnc.
3.24) aaopn1cn 1onunna
nepaoro o1 c1enkn cnon
konenoaneHen1nLx neek. na
aLnpae1cn ncxopn ns ouen
1onunnL norpancnon. pn
ncnonLsoaannn a pace1e
Hopenen 1ypynen1noc1n
ennonLpca n @- pasHep nepaon
nenkn paaen 1onunne
norpancnon. pn ncnonLsoaannn
Hopenen nanap1a-nnaHapca
nnn @- a norpannnoH cnoe
ponno L1L ne Henee QT
aneHen1oa a nanpaanennn
nepnenpnkynnpnoH c1enkn.
pnHepnan 1onunna norpannnoro cnon Hoe1 L1L
nanpena no nsaec1noHy coo1nouennk |11,14|:
U

5 =
,
rpe - knneHa1neckan anskoc1L;
U - ckopoc1L a nppe no1oka.
139
none G;/C!j la2!/; (v na pnc. 3.24) aaopn1cn napaHe1p
poc1a nenkn. n nokasLaae1, ao ckonLko pas pasHep a
nanpaanennn nepnenpnkynnpnoH c1enke cnepykuero
aneHen1a onLue pasHepa npepLpyuero.
none B/CP (m na pnc. 3.24) ykasLaae1cn ncno
konenLx aneHen1oa a npnc1enonoH cnoe a nanpaanennn
nepnenpnkynnpnoH c1enke.
none ?%3!j (^ na pnc. 3.24) ykasLaae1cn unpnna
npnc1enonon sonL c ynopnpoennon ce1kon. onn B/CP n
?%3!j nannk1cn asanHno pononnnkunHn n Hono sapaaa1L
snaennn coo1ae1c1aykunx napaHe1poa 1onLko a opnoH ns
nnx.
nunn W&!%;&a# 2/&!&$!4 (~ na pnc. 3.24) onpepenne1 anp
conpnennn payx npnc1enonLx cnoea na nnnnnx,
nepecekakunxcn a 1oke c a1pny1oH Z&=. cnn a1a onunn
ne ak1nana, 1o npnc1enonLe cnon nepecekak1cn. cnn
onunn ak1nana, 1o cnon ne nepecekak1cn. enc1ane onunn
nokasano na pnc. 3.25.
. *.2,. enc1ane onunn I!"2!&l P0!")!u)"`
nunn <%=6% 2/;&%; Pja3% (s na pnc. 3.24) onpepenne1
kak ype1 nponcxopn1L conpnenne payx npnc1enonLx
cnoea na nnnnnx, nepecekakunxcn a 1oke c a1pny1aHn
>/;&%; nnn B%0%;P%. cnn onunn ne ak1nana, 1o
npnc1enonLe cnon npoc1o nepecekak1cn. cnn ona
140
ak1nana, 1o cnon a Hec1e nepeceennn crnanaak1cn.
enc1ane onunn nokasano na pnc 3.26.
*.2.. enc1ane onunn S-O P02!2 MN&Q
none :;a&P!/& 3a!!%;& ( na pnc. 3.24) onpepenne1cn
cryuenne ce1kn a nanpaanennn napannenLnoH c1enke.
ryuenne sapae1cn a anpe coo1nouennn ns payx unqp,
nanpnHep QnQ( no nokasLaae1 o1nouenne ncna aneHen1oa
a nanpaanennn no1oka na rpannue npnc1enonon sonL,
npnHLkakuen k c1enke, k ncny konenLx aneHen1oa na
npo1naonononon rpannue. enc1ane onunn nokasano na
pnc. 3.27.
. *.29. enc1ane onunn T2&!M)")0! Q&""2!
npouecce sapannn napaHe1poa ynopnpoennon ce1kn a
npnc1enonon sone ona o1opaae1cn na aLpannLx
aneHen1ax reoHe1pnn.
ocne 1oro, kak ace nac1ponkn cpenanL, koHanpa
sanyckae1cn naa1neH knonkn 533#4.
c1anLnLe penc1ann c ynopnpoennon ce1kon a
npnc1enonon sone ne o1nnak1cn o1 ananornnLx
penc1ann c reoHe1pnecknHn o1ek1aHn n ce1kon.
141
3.4. rymenne konevnoaneHen1non ce1kn c
noHomL pasHepnon qynkunn (/)g Fu!P")0!)
ak o1HeanocL panee, pnn nonyennn kaec1aennLx
peuennn a Hec1ax c onLunHn rpapnen1aHn nsHenennn
napaHe1poa konenoaneHen1nLe ce1kn neoxopnHo
cryua1L. eanpno, 1o a1o Hoe1 L1L poc1nrny1o sa ce1
yHenLuennn pasHepa neek n yaennennn nx ncna a
pace1non onac1n. pneH nsHenenne napaHe1poa
pasnennn npnaepe1 k cryuennk ce1kn, kak a 1peyeHoH
Hec1e, 1ak n a oc1anLnLx Hec1ax pace1non sonL, rpe ne
onsa1enLno nHe1L ryc1yk ce1ky. 1o a caok oepepL
npnaepe1 k yaennennk apeHenn pace1a n no1penLx
pecypcoa koHnLk1epa, cnnsn1 yc1onnaoc1L peuennn.
nn 1oro, 1oL cryc1n1L ce1ky a 1peyeHLx Hec1ax n ne
cryua1L ee a oc1anLnLx a nporpaHHe Gamb! ncnonLsye1cn
1ak nasLaaeHan pasHepnan qynkunn (78% l$&2!/&). na
nosaonne1 cryc1n1L ce1ky annsn neoxopnHoro aneHen1a.
pneH pasHep nenkn a nanpaanennn o1 Hec1a cryuennn
yaennnaae1cn na sapannyk aennnny nopono 1oHy, kak
yaennnaak1cn aneHen1L a ynopnpoennon ce1ke a
npnc1enonon sone. 1o nosaonne1 cyuec1aenno cokpa1n1L
ncno aneHen1oa a pace1non onac1n. pnHenenne
pasHepnon qynkunn pae1 nanonee xopoune pesynL1a1L na
nec1pyk1ypnLx ce1kax.
nnkc1paunn npenHyuec1aa pasHepnon qynkunn nap
oLnLH nsHenenneH aneHen1a npnaepena na pnc. 3.28.
pyron npnHep npnHenennn pasHepnon qynkunn a
1pexHepnon Hopenn npnaepen na pnc. 3.29.
enk noc1poennn n pepak1npoaannn pasHepnon
qynkunn (pnc 3.30) aLsLaae1cn koHanpon:
T00lM

/)g Tu!P")0!
(yc1anoakn) (asHepnan
qynkunn)
142
. *.28. paanenne pasnenns c pasHepnon qynkunen n es
nee
. *.2>. pnHep ynyvmenns konevnoaneHen1non ce1kn c
noHomL pasHepnon qynkunn
ak anpno ns pnc. 3.30, a1o Henk coc1on1 ns neckonLknx
knonok, o1kpLaakunx poc1yn k nopHenk noc1poennn n
pepak1npoaannn pasHepnon qynkunn.
accHo1pnH nopponee koHanpy sapannn pasHepnon
qynkunn, Henk ko1opon nokasano na pnc. 3.31.
143
. *.*1. en sapanns
pasHepnon qynkunn

h
|

h
|
L

h
|
N|

h
|

h
|
. *.*0. en noc1poenns n pepak1npoaanns pasHepnon
qynkunn l/)g Tu!P")0!;
a1oH Henk a none :43% (Q na pnc. 3.31) aLnpae1cn
sakonoHepnoc1L, no ko1opon ype1 noc1poena pasHepnan
qynkunn. cero poc1ynnL 4 sakonoHepnoc1n:
"D%= - npn a1oH cnocoe nonLsoaa1eneH onpepenne1cn
pasHep aneHen1a annsn nc1onnka n qak1op poc1a
(ao ckonLko pas yae-
nnnaae1cn nocnepykunn
aneHen1 a nanpaanennn o1
nc1onnka).
akcnHanLnLn pasHep
nenkn, npn ko1opoH pas-
nenne ce1kn no pasHep-
non qynkunn
npekpauae1cn, sapae1cn
nenocpepc1aenno nonLso-
aa1eneH. enk koHanpL
noc1poennn npn 1akoH
cnocoe nokasano na pnc.
3.31;
144
9%Pj%= - nonLsoaa1eneH sapae1cn HakcnHanLnLn pas-
Hep aneHen1a n qak1op poc1a;
>$;0a!$;% - a1o1 cnoco npnHenne1cn npn nanoennn
pasHepnon qynkunn na o1ek1L c onLuon kpnansnon.
asHepnan qynkunn onncLaae1cn 1eHn e
nepeHennLHn, ko1opLe ncnonLsyk1cn npn cnocoe
"D%=( pononnenne k nnH sapae1cn HakcnHanLnLn
yron Hepy nopHannHn npnnerakunx neek;
];/Dm!4 - npn a1on sakonoHepnoc1n a pononnenne k
nepeHennLH, ko1opLe ncnonLsyk1cn npn cnocoe
"D%=+ aaopn1cn ncno konenLx aneHen1oa,
pasHeuaeHLx a cryuaeHon onac1n.
none 7/$;2% ([ na pnc. 3.31) aLnpae1cn
reoHe1pnecknn o1ek1, aokpyr ko1oporo ype1 nponc-
xopn1L cryuenne - nc1onnk cryuennn. H Hoe1 L1L
1oka, nnnnn, noaepxnoc1L nnn o1eH.
none 5!!a2jm%&! (S na pnc. 3.31) cnepye1 aLpa1L
aneHen1 reoHe1pnn, k ko1opoHy npnHenne1cn pasHepnan
qynkunn (na ko1opoH ype1 cryua1Lcn ce1ka). aknH
o1ek1oH Hoe1 L1L nnnnn, noaepxnoc1L nnn o1eH. ne-
pye1 o1He1n1L, 1o nc1onnk ne onsa1enLno ponen
npnnapnea1L o1ek1y, na ko1opoH c1pon1cn cryuaeHan
ce1ka.
none 7!a;! P8% (v na pnc. 3.31) aaopn1cn pasHep
konenoro aneHen1a annsn nnc1onnka cryuennn. none
G;/C!j ;a!% (m na pnc. 3.31) aaopn1cn koaqqnunen1 poc1a,
nokasLaakunn ao ckonLko pas nenkn yQ-ro pnpa onLue
neek -ro pnpa a nanpaanennn o1 nc1onnka. none
9aD(P8% (^ na pnc. 3.31) aaopn1cn HakcnHanLnLn pasHep
konenoaneHen1nLx neek, nocne ko1opLx cryuenne
npekpauae1cn. nn npnHenennn aaepennLx nac1poek
cnepye1 naa1L knonky 533#4.
ocne 1oro, kak pasHepnan qynkunn Lna onncana,
cnepye1 noc1pon1L ce1ky na o1ek1ax, aLpannLx a none
5!!a2jm%&! (S na pnc. 3.31). onenoaneHen1nan ce1ka
145
. *.*2. en koHanpm
d): M)g Tu!P")0!
. *.**. nsyannsauns
pasHepnon qynkunn c noHomL
koHanpm d): M)g Tu!P")0!
ype1 nHe1L cryuenne. pa1n1e annHanne, 1o ecnn a
Henk noc1poennn ce1kn ype1 ak1nana onunn W6&/;% P8%
l$&2!/&+ 1o ce1ka na aneHen1e ype1 noc1poena es ye1a
pasHepnon qynkunn.
pocHo1pe1L kaknH opasoH ype1 aLrnnpe1L ce1ka c
ye1oH nanoennon pasHepnon qynkunn, ne npneran k
pasnennk, Hono c noHouLk koHanpL z%C P8% l$&2!/&
. enk a1on koHanpL nokasano na pnc. 3.32. a1oH
Henk a cnncke 7( "$&2!/& nyno aLpa1L 1peyeHyk
pasHepnyk qynkunk ns cnncka c noHouLk knonkn .
ocne a1oro cnepye1 naa1L knonky W&!a#8%+ naxopnuykcn
nne( ocne aLnonnennn a1oro penc1ann, nepeHeuan
nonocy npokpy1kn, a nnnen ac1n Hono yanpe1L, kak
Henne1cn pasHep neek c noHouLk cneunanLnon no-
aepxnoc1n, ko1opan nonan1cn annsn nc1onnka cryuennn
(pnc. 3.33). annan noaepxnoc1L nokasLaae1 nonoenne
neek opnnakoaoro pasHepa o1nocn1enLno nc1onnka
cryuennn. ekyunn pasHep neek nokasLaae1cn a none WP/
0a#$%.
146
. *.*+. en koHanpm
EL&')! M&MN
c1anLnLe penc1ann c
pasHepnon qynkunen ne
o1nnak1cn o1 ananornnLx
Hannnynnunn c reoHe1pnen n
ce1kon.
3.5. uenka kavec1aa
ce1kn
porpaHHa Gamb! nHee1
cpepc1aa, nosaonnkune
ouenn1L kaec1ao noc1poennon
konenoaneHen1non ce1kn. nn
a1oro ncnonLye1cn koHanpa
ZDam&% 9aPj .
nonka aLsoaa koHanpL
naxopn1cn a nnnen npaaon
nosnunn Henk ynpaanennn
anpaHn a nnnen ac1n
paoero okna nporpaHHL (QT
na pnc.1.15). enk koHanpL
nokasano na pnc. 3.34.
ee noHouLk Hono npocHo1pe1L konqnrypaunk
konenLx aneHen1oa a pasnnnLx ceennnx pace1non
onac1n n snaennn napaHe1poa, xapak1epnsykunx kae-
c1ao konenLx aneHen1oa. Lop 1oro, 1o ype1
o1opaa1Lcn, nponsaopn1cn a none ?P3#a4 :43% (Q na pnc.
3.34). osHonL 1pn aapnan1a o1opaennn konenLx
aneHen1oa:
]#a&% - o1opaak1cn konenLe aneHen1L, nepece-
kaeHLe nnockon cekyuen noaepxnoc1Lk;
73j%;% - o1opaak1cn konenLe aneHen1L,
nepecekaeHLe cekyuen noaepxnoc1Lk a anpe uapa;
147
Ba&6% - o1opaak1cn konenLe aneHen1L,
naxopnunecn a sapannoH pnanasone nsHenennn
opnoro ns napaHe1poa kaec1aa.
epaLe paa cnocoa nosaonnk1 npocHo1pe1L
konqnrypaunk neek ce1kn a pasnnnLx ceennnx pac-
e1non onac1n, aknkan any1pennne aneHen1L, n
o1nnak1cn 1onLko 1nnoH cekyuen noaepxnoc1n. pe1nn
cnoco pae1 aosHonoc1L ouenn1L kaec1ao ce1kn c
noHouLk neckonLknx kpn1epnea.
np Henk koHanpL npn aLope o1opaennn neek a
pasnnnLx ceennnx nokasan na pnc. 3.34.
a1oH okne a none ([ na pnc. 3.34), pacnonoennoH
nne ?P3#a4 :43%+ neoxopnHo aLpa1L nn1epecykunn 1nn
konenoro aneHen1a: payxHepnLn nnn 1pexHepnLn n ero
qopHy. oo1ae1c1aenno koHanpa ZDam&% 9aPj ype1 aL-
nonnn1Lcn 1onLko pnn aLpannoro 1nna neek.
onoenne cekyuen noaepxnoc1n sapae1cn c noHouLk
1pex nonoc npokpy1kn a none >$! i;%&!a!/& (^ na pnc. 3.34).
nn cekyuen noaepxnoc1n a anpe uapa, kpoHe 1oro,
ananornnLH opasoH sapae1cn pnaHe1p. apan ns nonoc
onpepenne1 nepeHeuenne cekyuen noaepxnoc1n
nepnenpnkynnpno opnon ns kooppnna1 (D+ 4 nnn 8). pn a1oH
a rpaqneckoH okne o1opaak1cn konenLe aneHen1L,
nepecekaeHLe noaepxnoc1Lk (pnc. 3.35). cnn npn a1oH
naa1L knonky co snakoH -, naxopnuykcn a aepxnen
ac1n nonn >$! i;%&!a!/&+ 1o a rpaqneckoH okne ypy1
nsopaa1Lcn nenkn ko1opLe nea1 a onac1n
o1pnua1enLnLx snaennn kooppnna1L, onpepennkuen
nonoenne noaepxnoc1n. cnn ak1naen snak + - ypy1
o1opaa1Lcn nenkn naxopnunecn a onac1n
nonon1enLnLx snaennn (pnc. 3.35).
148
. *.*,. enc1ane onunn Hu" W2)!"&")0!
cnn a none >a! :43% (m na pnc. 3.34) ak1nana onunn
?P3#a4 >$!, 1o a rpaqneckoH okne nsopaae1cn ceenne
konenoaneHen1non ce1kn, sapannon noaepxnoc1Lk (pnc.
3.36, ). cnn ak1nana onunn ?P3#a4 Z#%m%&!P+ 1o a
rpaqneckoH okne nsopaak1cn ace aneHen1L,
nepecekaeHLe cekyuen noaepxnoc1Lk (pnc. 3.36, ).
. *.*.. enc1ane nac1poek a none H&" T`Q
cnn a none "a2%!&6 :43% (v na pnc. 3.34) aLpana onunn
$a#!4+ 1o okpacka konenLx aneHen1oa coo1ae1c1aye1
snaennk napaHe1pa, xapak1epnsykunx kaec1ao neek.
Lop kpn1epnn ocyuec1anne1cn a cnncke $a#!4 :43% (S na
pnc. 3.34). cnn a none "a2%!&6 :43% aLpana onunn 7ja=%,
1o ceenne o1opaae1cn a anpe noaepxnoc1n, ecnn
149
. *.*9. nxnss vac1L
Hen koHanpm EL&')!
M&MNU npn ak1naaunn onunn
<&!O a none a)MQl&` T`Q
aLpana onunn ==%&, 1o
o1opaak1cn 1onLko
anpnHLe nnnnn neek.
nn 1oro, 1oL npocHo1-
pe1L snaennn
koaqqnunen1oa, xa-
pak1epnsykunx kaec1ao
ce1kn, a none ?P3#a4 :43% (Q
na pnc. 3.34) neoxopnHo aL-
pa1L nynk1 Ba&6%( enk ko-
HanpL npn a1oH oc1ane1cn
nensHennLH sa ncknkenneH
nnnen ac1n. no npnHe1
anp, nokasannLn na pnc.
3.37.
a1on ac1n Henk naxopn1cn pae nonocL npokpy1kn,
ko1opLe onpepennk1 aepxnne n nnnne rpannuL
paccHa1pnaaeHoro pnanasona nsHenennn napaHe1pa
kaec1aa. rpaqneckoH okne ypy1 o1opaa1Lcn nenkn,
napaHe1p kaec1aa ko1opLx naxopn1cn a pnanasone o1
snaennn, ykasannoro a none A/C%;+ po snaennn,
ykasannoro a none U33%;. aa1ne knonkn 7j/C C/;P! %#%-
m%&! nokae1 xypunn aneHen1 no aLpannoHy kpn1epnk.
ncnennoe snaenne kpn1epnn kaec1aa xypuero aneHen1a
ype1 o1opaeno npn a1oH a okne coouennn. Lop
kpn1epnea kaec1aa ocyuec1anne1cn a cnncke $a#!4 :43%
(S na pnc. 3.34).
anonee ac1o npnHenneHLH nokasa1eneH kaec1aa
nenkn nanne1cn yrnoaan ckouennoc1L (Z$ 5&6#% 7@%C).
1o1 napaHe1p naxopn1cn no cnepykueHy coo1nouennk:

=
e
e
e
e
ES

min max
180
max
rpe
min

- nanHenLunn yron a nenke, rpap (pnc. 3.38);

max

- nanonLunn yron a nenke, rpap (pnc. 3.38);

150
. *.*8. oscnenn
nons1ns yrnoaon
ckomennoc1n
e

- yrnL paanoc1oponnen nenkn (pnn

e1LpexyronLnoro konenoro aneHen1a
e

T , pnn
1peyronLnoro -
e

^T{(
ennnna yrnoaon ckouennoc1n naxopn1cn a nn1epaane
o1 T po Q.
0 =
ES

coo1ae1c1aye1 nenke npeanLnon qopHL.

nn e1LpexyronLnoro aneHen1a a1o npnHoyronLnnk, pnn
1peyronLnoro - paanoc1oponnnn 1peyronLnnk. eH nne
ckouenno1L k Q, 1eH onee aL1nny1on nonyae1cn nenka.
pn
1 =
ES

- kaec1ao aneHen1a nanxypuee - on aL-

popae1cn a nnnnk. n1ae1cn, 1o pnn nonyennn
koppek1noro peuennn aennnna yrnoaon ckouennoc1n ne
ponna npeaLua1L T+sm.
cnn ckouennoc1L npeaLuae1 a1o snaenne, neoxopnHo
npnnnHa1L HepL no ynyuennk kaec1aa ce1kn. no Hoe1
L1L noaLueno sa ce1:
npnHenennn c1pyk1ypnoro pasnennn;
npepaapn1enLnoro ynpaanneHoro pasnennn ane-
Hen1oa nnsuen reoHe1pnn;
nsHenennn pasHepa neek;
npnHenennn apan1aunn ce1kn a npouecce pace1a;
nepexopa o1 1e1paappanLnon k nonnappanLnon ce1ke.
151
. *.*>. nemnnn anp pacve1non
Hopenn
3.6 pnHepm pasnenns pacve1non onac1n na
konevnme aneHen1m
*...1. Y#$ C44$_ J4$E4^7$#$46 $J
7_F C48$F4_F
a1oH npnHepe
npepnarae1cn ocaon1L
ocnoanLe onepaunn c
ce1kon n paccHo1pe1L
kaknH opasoH pas-
nnnLe nac1ponkn
annnk1 na konqnrypa-
unk neek.
cD 1. ospae1cn
reoHe1pnn pace1non
onac1n, na npnHepe ko1opon ypy1 paccHa1pnaa1Lcn
onepaunn c ce1kon. neunnn anp Hopenn, ko1opyk
npepnarae1cn noc1pon1L nokasan na pnc. 3.39. pn ee
cospannn pekoHenpye1cn nonLsoaa1Lcn snannnHn, nony-
ennLHn npn nsyennn paspena [.
openL cospae1cn a cnepykuen nocnepoaa1enLnoc1n:
cospae1cn kpyr papnycoH epnnnu c uen1poH a
naane kooppnna1 (koHanpa );
cospae1cn kaappa1 co c1oponon ^ epnnnu c uen1poH a
naane kooppnna1 (koHanpa );
kpyr penn1cn kaappa1oH c noHouLk koHanpL
(koHanpa ) a pesynL1a1e ero
nonyae1cn pae noaepxnoc1n: kpyrnan noaepxnoc1L c
kaappa1nLH o1aepc1neH n kaappa1;
152
cospae1cn kaappa1 co c1oponon [T epnnnu c uen1poH
a naane kooppnna1 (koHanpa ) n
cHeuae1cn anns (aponL ocn io) na QT epnnnu;
ns kpyra c kaappa1nLH o1aepc1neH n Hanoro
kaappa1a aLn1ae1cn kaappa1 co c1oponon [T
(koHanpa ). npouecce noc1poennn
Hopenn npn nepaoH aLn1annn cnepye1 ncnonL-
soaa1L onunk B%!a& (a1o npnaepe1 k 1oHy, 1o aL-
n1akuan noaepxnoc1L (onLuon kaappa1) ype1
coxpanen nocne aLnonnennn onepaunn), a npn a1opoH
aLn1annn onunn B%!a& ponna L1L ne ak1nana;
na pyre c1pon1cn 1okn, ko1opLe c1any1 ocnoaon pnn
o1peskoa [ n S+ paspennkunx noaepxnoc1n O n ), ) n
K coo1ae1c1aenno (pnc. 3.39). nn a1oro c noHouLk
koHanpL na onLuon pyre nue1cn
nonoenne npaaon 1okn. e npepnarae1cn sapa1L a
unnnnppneckon cnc1eHe kooppnna1 (yron ^T). nn
a1oro a Henk 73#! %=6% (pnc. 2.42) cnepye1 aLpa1L
unnnnppneckyk cnc1eHy kooppnna1 (:43% .
>4#&=;2a#) n aaec1n snaenne yrna. 1opan 1oka
nonyae1cn penenneH oc1aauencn ac1Lk pyrn
nononaH. nn a1oro a Henk 73#! %=6% a none U 0a#$%
(2 na pnc. 2.42) sapae1cn o1nouenne, a ko1opoH
1oka penn1 o1pesok. paccHa1pnaaeHoH npnHepe
a1o 0,5. epayk 1oky Hono nonyn1L ananornnLH
opasoH, sapaa coo1nouenne, a ko1opoH penn1cn
pyra paanLH SS+SSS%.
cnonLsyn nonyennLe 1okn, cospak1cn paa o1peska
([ n S na pnc. 3.39). nx noHouLk onLuan
153
noaepxnoc1L penn1cn na 3 ac1n, ncnonLsyn koHanpy
.
pesynL1a1e aLnonnennn acex Hannnynnunn ypy1
nonyenL e1Lpe nenepecekakunxcn noaepxnoc1n (O+ `+ >+
?), nsopaennLe na pnc. 3.39.
cD 2. a noaepxnoc1L ? naknapLaae1cn ce1ka
(koHanpa ) c pasHepoH nenkn T+m
epnnnuL. nn sapannn pasHepa a cnncke a none 73a2&6
(pnc. 3.13) aLnpae1cn nynk1 W&!%;0a# P8% (pasHep aneHen1a)
n aaopn1cn pasHep nenkn. nn aneHen1a (Z#%m%&!P)-
e1LpexyronLnLn (U5?), cxeHa pasnennn (72j%m%)- 9a3.
pa1n1e annHanne na 1o, 1o anaane cnepye1 aLpa1L
o1ek1, na ko1opLn naknapLaae1cn ce1ka, a sa1eH pena1L
neoxopnHLe nac1ponkn. cnn aLop aneHen1a cpena1L a
konue, 1o nac1ponkn ypy1 annynnpoaanL.
ak anpno, npouecc pasnennn nannae1cn c peep n
sa1eH na konenLe aneHen1L penn1cn noaepxnoc1L.
cD *. a noaepxnoc1L K naknapLaae1cn ce1ka c
pasHepoH nenkn T+m epnnnuL. nn aneHen1a (Z#%m%&!P)-
e1LpexyronLnLn (U5?), cxeHa pasnennn (72j%m%)- :;-
];m!0%.
cD +. a noaepxnoc1L O naknapLaae1cn ce1ka c
pasHepoH nenkn Q. nn aneHen1a (Z#%m%&!P)-
e1LpexyronLnLn (U5?), cxeHa pasnennn (72j%m%)- :;-
];m!0%. pa1n1e annHanne, 1o nasnaennLn pasHep
neek npnHenne1cn 1onLko pnn 1ex peep, ko1opLe ne Lnn
pasn1L panee.
cD ,. a noaepxnoc1L ) naknapLaae1cn ce1ka c
pasHepoH nenkn Q. nn aneHen1a (Z#%m%&!P)-
e1LpexyronLnLn (U5?), cxeHa pasnennn (72j%m%)- 9a3.
ocne sanycka koHanpL a okne coouennn nonan1cn
coouenne, 1o pannan ce1ka ne Hoe1 L1L noc1poena.
1o nponsouno o1 1oro, 1o npn cxeHe pasnennn 9a3 na
154
npo1naonononLx rpannx noaepxnoc1n e1LpexyronLnon
1ononornn ncna aneHen1oa ponnL L1L opnnakoaL. a
pannoH cnyae o1peskn [ n S nHek1 pasnLe pasHepL neek
n, kak cnepc1ane, pasnnnoe ncno aneHen1oa.
aaa knonky qU&=/{ cnepye1 o1Henn1L nocnepnee
penc1ane. 1o ynn1on1 pasnenne, nanecennoe na nnnnn,
nocne sanycka npepLpyuen koHanpL.
nepye1 noa1opn1L pasnenne noaepxnoc1n ) na
konenLe aneHen1L pasHepoH Q, no na a1o1 pas no cxeHe
(72j%m%)- ]a0%(
cD ,. a noaepxnoc1L ) naknapLaae1cn ce1ka c
pasHepoH nenkn Q. nn aneHen1a (Z#%m%&!P)-
e1LpexyronLnLn (U5?), cxeHa pasnennn (72j%m%)- 9a3.
cD .. noHouLk koHanpL ?%#%!% 9aPj%P (
) cnepye1 ypann1L ce1ky c noaepxnoc1n ). pn a1oH
onunn B%m/0% $&$P%= #/C%; m%Pj (pnc. 3.21) ponna L1L
ak1nana. 1o npnaepe1 k ypanennk pasnennn n c nnnnn, ne
npnnapneaunx ppyrnH pasn1LH noaepxnoc1nH. pann1L
pasnenne na noaepxnoc1n ) 1ake Hono cpena1L,
o1Henna nocnepnkk koHanpy c noHouLk knonkn qU&=/{
.
cD 9. noHouLk koHanpL 9%Pj %=6% (
) aepxnnn nnnnn noaepxnoc1n paspenne1cn na QQ
konenLx aneHen1oa. nn a1oro a Henk a cnncke none
73a2&6 (pnc. 3.11) aLnpae1cn nynk1 W&!%;0a# 2/$&! (ncno
aneHen1oa) n ncno neek.
ocne a1oro noaepxnoc1L ) anoaL pasnaae1cn na
konenLe aneHen1L c pasHepoH nenkn Q no cxeHe ]a0%.
155
pn nac1ponke napaHe1poa cnepye1 opa1n1L annHanne na
1o, 1oL onunn B%m/0% A/C%; 9%Pj Lna ne ak1nana,
nnae npepaapn1enLnoe pasnenne nnnnn ype1 ypaneno
nepep nanecenneH ce1kn na noaepxnoc1L.
cD 8. koHanpnon c1poke aaopn1cn koHanpa B%P%!
m%Pj. na npnaepe1 k ypanennk pasnennn na konenLe
aneHen1L ao acen pace1non onac1n.
cD. >. nnnn QRRRv (pnc. 3.39) c noHouLk koHanpL
pasnaak1cn na aneHen1L co cryuenneH
k opnoHy ns konuoa. pn aLope nnnnn cnepye1 opa1n1L
annHanne na 1o, 1oL c1penkn, ko1opLe ypy1 anpnL na
nnx npn aLpenennn, Lnn nanpaanenL a uen1p kpyra. cnn
nanpaanenne ne coanapae1 c 1peyeHLH, na nnnnn cnepye1
uenkny1L neaon knaanuen HLun, naaa npn a1oH knonky
7jl! na knaana1ype. pesynL1a1e nanpaanenne cHenn1cn na
npo1naonononoe.
pn nac1ponke napaHe1poa pasnennn onac1n a G;a=&6
nop noneH Ba!/ (pnc. 3.11) cnepye1 aaec1n snaenne
rpapnen1a nsHenennn konenLx aneHen1oa paanoe Q+Q.
ncno nn1epaanoa, na ko1opoe pasnaak1cn nnnnn paano s.
cD. 10. a noaepxnoc1L ? naknapLaae1cn ce1ka c
pasHepoH nenkn T+[m epnnnuL. nn aneHen1a (Z#%m%&!P)-
e1LpexyronLnLn (U5?), cxeHa pasnennn (72j%m%)- 9a3.
a noaepxnoc1L ) naknapLaae1cn ce1ka c pasHepoH
nenkn Q. nn aneHen1a (Z#%m%&!P)- e1LpexyronLnLn
(U5?), cxeHa pasnennn (72j%m%)- ]a0%.
ak anpno a nocnepneH cnyae, 1o pasHep neek
Henne1cn c onLunH rpapnen1oH. 1o roaopn1 o 1oH, 1o
npoc1oro pasnennn nepoc1a1ono pnn nonyennn
kaec1aennon ce1kn. nn onee kaec1aennoro cryuennn
cnepye1 ncnonLsoaa1L 78% l$&2!/&.
156
cD 11m. a nnnnnx QRRR n v (pnc. 3.39) c noHouLk
koHanpL nanocn1cn ce1ka c
payxc1oponnnH cryuenneH. nn a1oro a nonanaueHcn Henk
(pnc. 3.11) cnepye1 ak1nanpoaa1L knonky ?/$b#% P=%=.
nonanaunxcn nonnx Ba!/ Q n Ba!/ [ cnepye1 aaec1n
snaennn Q+[ n Q+v coo1ae1c1aenno.
pa1n1e annHanne, 1o npn aLope nnnnn pnn
pasnennn 1ake aa1oHa1neckn ypy1 aLpanL nnnnn [ n
S, nockonLky onn Lnn aa1oHa1neckn cansanL npn
pasnennn a uare . oa1oHy nepep aLopoH cnepye1
o1knkn1L onunk ]2@ C!j A&@ (aLnpa1L es cansLaannn).
cD 12. a noaepxnoc1n O n K naknapLaae1cn ce1kn no
Qv aneHen1oa na kapon noaepxnoc1n. nn aneHen1a (Z#%-
m%&!P)- e1LpexyronLnLn (U5?), cxeHa pasnennn
(72j%m%)- :;-];m!0%(
cD 1*. noHouLk koHanpL 9%;6% ( )
noaepxnoc1n 5 n ? o1epnnnk1cn. ocne a1oro ce1kn,
nanecennLe na nnx panee, ncesny1. 1o narnnpno
nokasLaae1, 1o ace Hannnynnunn c reoHe1pnen nyno
npoaopn1L po pao1L c ce1kon.
*...2. Y#$ C44$_ $J4846
J4$E4f^7$#$46 $J #4G$7 74C4E4D4 8$\
3A
pannoH paspene paccHa1pnaae1cn npnHep noc1poennn
nec1pyk1ypnon ce1kn na payxHepnon pace1non Hopenn
Henona1onoro kanana oceaon 1ypnnL, cospannon a n.
2.9.2.
cD 1. ak o1HeanocL aLue, pnn koppek1noro sapannn
nepnopneckoro rpannnoro ycnoann neoxopnHo, 1oL
pannLe rpannuL nHenn cansannyk koneno-aneHen1nyk
ce1ky. ansannLe aneHen1L pasnaak1cn na konenLe
157
aneHen1L opnnakoao. c1anoan1L cansL Hono c noHouLk
koHanpL:
MMN

E-O

L)!e -O
(e1ka
)
(nnnnn) (cansa1L
nnnnn)
nonanaueHcn pnanoroaoH okne c noHouLk HLun
neoxopnHo aLpa1L napy nepnopnecknx aneHen1oa,
nanpnHep, okoaLe nnnnn axopnon onac1n, n nop1aeppn1L
aLnonnenne koHanpL naa1neH knonkn 533#4. oponLH
opasoH neoxopnHo cansa1L ace napL nepnopnecknx
aneHen1oa Hopenn. nn paccHa1pnaaeHoro cnyan
neoxopnHo cansa1L okoaLe nnnnn axopnoro n aLxopnoro
yac1ka.
cD 2. asnenne noaepxnoc1n ocyuec1anne1cn c noHo-
uLk koHanpL:
MMN

F&P

MMN T&P
(e1ka
)
(oaepxnoc1
L)
(pasn1L
no-
aepxnoc1L)
pesynL1a1e nonan1cn Henk, nsopaennoe na pnc.
3.40.
neH cnepye1 npoaec1n cnepykune Hannnynnunn:
a none "a2% napo aLpa1L noaepxnoc1L, ko1opan
ype1 pasnaa1Lcn;
a none Z#%m%&!P aLnpae1cn 1nn konenoro
aneHen1a $a= (e1LpexyronLnLn), :;
(1peyronLnLn) nnn $a=1:; (cHeuannLn);
158
nc. 3.40. en pasnenns
noaepxnoc1n
a none :43% aLnpa-
e1cn cxeHa, no
ko1opon nponsao-
pn1cn pasnenne.
xeHL 7$bma3, 9a3
ncnonLsyk1cn pnn
c1pyk1ypnpoaannon
ce1kn, cxeHa ]a0% -
pnn nec1pyk-
1ypnpoaannon. nn
noc1poennn
ynopnpoennon
ce1kn neoxopnHo
aLnonnenne
neko1opLx pononnn-
1enLnLx ycnoann.
asn1L paccHa1-
pnaaeHyk HopenL
kaec1aennon ynopnpoennon ce1kon ne ypac1cn
es npoaepennn pononnn1enLnLx nac1poek n no-
c1poennn. oa1oHy npn peuennn paccHa1pnaae-
Hon sapan cnepye1 aLpa1L cxeHy ]a0%;
a none 73a2&6 (pnc. 3.40) aaopn1cn 1peyeHLn
pasHep konenoro aneHen1a (nanpnHep, Q+m);
pnn noc1poennn koneno-aneHen1non ce1kn c
aLpannLHn nac1ponkaHn nyno naa1L knonky
533#4.
esynL1a1L noc1poennn neynopnpoennLx 1peyronLnon
n e1LpexyronLnon ce1ok npnaepenL na pnc. 3.41 n 3.42.
159
. *.+1. esynL1a1 noc1poenns ve1mpexyronLnon
nec1pyk1ypnpoaannon konevno-aneHen1non ce1kn
. *.+2. esynL1a1 noc1poenns 1peyronLnon
nec1pyk1ypnpoaannon konevno-aneHen1non ce1kn
160
. *.+*. en /)g
Fu!P")0!
cD *. eanpno, 1o pnn noaLuennn 1onoc1n pace1a
a Hec1ax c noaLuennLH rpapnen1oH nsHenennn
napaHe1poa, nanpnHep, a norpannnoH cnoe y noaepxnoc1n
nona1ok, pace1nan ce1ka ponna L1L onee ryc1on (c
HanenLknH pasHepoH aneHen1oa). cnn yHenLun1L pasHep
konenLx aneHen1oa a none 73a2&6 po 1peyeHoro ypoann,
1o nx ncno Hnorokpa1no aospac1e1 ao acen onac1n, 1o
snan1enLno yaennn1 apeHn pace1a n cnnsn1 cxopnHoc1L
peuennn.
aryc1n1L koneno-aneHen1nyk ce1ky 1onLko a Hec1ax c
onLunHn rpapnen1aHn napaHe1poa Hono c noHouLk
koHanp Henk 78% "$&2!/& (pnc. 3.43), ko1opLe aLsLaak1cn
cnepykunH opasoH:
T00lM

/)g Tu!P")0!
(yc1anoakn) (ynkunn pasHepa)
nonanaueHcn okne a none
7/$;2% nyno ykasa1L, 1o
nc1onnkoH cryuennn ype1
nnnnn Z=6%P( a1eH c noHouLk
HLun cnepye1 aLpa1L nnnnn,
pnpoH c ko1opLHn ype1
ocyuec1ann1Lcn cryuenne.
paccHa1pnaaeHoH cnyae a1o
kon1yp nona1kn.
none 5!!a2jm%&! cnepye1
aLpa1L aneHen1, k ko1opoHy
ype1 npnHenena qynkunn
pasHepa. paccHa1pnaaeH
cnyae a1o noaepxnoc1L
pace1non Hopenn. oa1oHy a
cnncke nyno aLpa1L "a2% n c
noHouLk HLun o1He1n1L noaepxnoc1L pace1non onac1n.
none 7!a;! sze aaopn1cn pasHep konenoro aneHen1a
annsn noaepxnoc1n cryuennn, nanpnHep, T+T~m HH. none
G;/C!j ;a!% sapae1cn ao ckonLko pas nenkn yQ-ro pnpa
161
onLue neek -ro pnpa (nanpnHep Q+[m). none 9aD(P8%
aaopn1cn HakcnHanLnLn pasHep koneno-aneHen1nLx
neek, nocne ko1opLx saryuenne npekpauae1cn (nanpnHep,
Q+m HH). nn npnHenennn aaepennLx nac1poek cnepye1
naa1L knonky 533#4.
anpe1L penc1ane koHanpL 78% "$&2!/& Hono anoaL
noc1pona ce1ky na noaepxnoc1n Hopenn 1ak, kak a1o
penanocL panee. epep a1nH neoxopnHo ypann1L
noc1poennyk panLue ce1ky:
MMN

F&P

al"
T&P 'MN
(e1ka
)
(oaepxnoc1
L)
(ypann1L
ce1ky)
noHouLk HLun aLnpae1cn noaepxnoc1L, c ko1opon
nyno ypann1L ce1ky. nonky B%m/0% $&$P%= #/C%; maPj
cnepye1 oc1aan1L naa1on. 1o ypann1 pasnenne na
konenLe aneHen1L rpanen (cansL pasnennn napyuena ne
ype1). nn nop1aeppennn koHanpL ypanennn nyno
naa1L knonky 533#4.
esynL1a1 pasnennn pace1non onac1n 1peyronLnon
nec1pyk1ypnpoaannon ce1kon c ye1oH 78% "$&2!/& nokasan
na pnc. 3.44.
162
. *.++. esynL1a1 noc1poenns 1peyronLnon
nec1pyk1ypnpoaannon konevno-aneHen1non ce1kn co
crymenneH annsn c1enok
npno, 1o koneno-aneHen1nan ce1ka cryuena annsn
noaepxnoc1n nona1kn. nppe no1oka pasHepL neek
o1nocn1enLno onLune.
openL Henona1onoro kanana c koneno-aneHen1non
ce1kon cnepye1 coxpann1L pnn ncnonLsoaannn a
nocnepykunx npnHepax.
3.7. oc1poenne c1pyk1ypnpoaannon
konevnoaneHen1non ce1kn
ak o1HeanocL aLue opnnH ns rnaanLx ycnoann pnn
nonyennn peuennn noaLuennon 1onoc1n nanne1cn
noc1poenne kaec1aennon c1pyk1ypnpoaannon ce1kn
konenLx aneHen1oa. porpaHHa Gamb! nosaonne1 c1pon1L
c1pyk1ypnLe ce1kn no neckonLknH cxeHaH (anropn1HaH)
(pnc. 3.45):
163
9a3t
7$bma3t
:;-3;m-
!0%t
<%=6%t
>//3%;(
pepe eH paccHa1pnaa1L aonpoc noc1poennn
c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn neoxopnHo kocny1Lcn aanoro nonn1nn
a1pny1a 1okn, na ocnoae ko1oporo a nporpaHHe Gamb!
c1pon1cn ynpaanenne pasnenneH noaepxnoc1n.
1pny1 onpepenne1, ckonLko ce1onLx nnnnn aLxopn1
ns pannon 1okn. oa1oHy coe1anne a1pny1oa acex 1oek
pasnaaeHon noaepxnoc1n onpepenne1 cxeHy, no ko1opon
Hoe1 nponcxopn1L ee penenne na konenLe aneHen1L.
paHo1noe onpepenenne a1pny1oa nosaonne1 nonyn1L
c1pyk1ypnyk ce1ky n ynpaann1L npoueccoH pasnennn.
cnyae noc1poennn nec1pyk1ypnon ce1kn a1pny1L 1oek
nrnopnpyk1cn.
L Hornn opa1n1L annHanne na 1o qak1, 1o npn
aLope noaepxnoc1n pnn pasnennn na konenLe aneHen1L
a yrnoaLx 1okax, naxopnunxcn a Hec1e nepeceennn nnnnn
ee kon1ypa (panee no 1ekc1y yrnoaLe 1okn), nonannk1cn
ykaL na1nnckoro anqaan1a (pnc. 3.46). 1o n ec1L a1-
pny1L. ro nHee1 kapan yrnoaan 1oka kon1ypa
noaepxnoc1n.
164
. *.+.. 1pny1m 1ovek
. *.+,. xeHm noc1poenns c1pyk1ypnmx
konevnoaneHen1nmx ce1ok, npnHenseHmx a nporpaHHe
G&'()"
1pny1 nasnaae1cn
1oke npnHenn1enLno k
noaepxnoc1n, na ko1opon ona
paccHa1pnaae1cn. ockonLky
1oka a 1pexHepnoH o1ek1e
npnnapnen1 neckonLknH
noaepxnoc1nH, 1o ncno a1pn-
y1oa 1okn paano ncny no-
aepxnoc1en. 1pny1L na
pasnLx noaepxnoc1nx Hory1 L1L pasnnnLHn.
1pny1L Laak1 nn1n 1nnoa. nn aa1oHa1neckn
npncaanaak1cn nporpaHHon no aennnne yrna Hepy
nnnnnHn, cxopnunHncn a 1oke.
165
1. Z&= qZ{ - |specL n panee a kpyrnLx ckokax ykasano
oosnaenne a1pny1a, nokasLaaeHoe a rpaqneckoH okne|
- ns 1okn ne aLxopn1 nn opnon ce1onon nnnnn. 1o1
a1pny1 xapak1epen pnn aepunn HnoroyronLnnkoa. 1pny1
Z&= npncaanaae1cn aa1oHa1neckn a 1oH cnyae, korpa yron
Hepy pepaHn noaepxnoc1n, cxopnunHncn a 1oke
coc1aanne1 o1 T po Q[T (pnc. 3.47).
2. 7=% q7{ - ns 1okn aLxopn1 opna ce1onan nnnnn.
akoe noc1poenne ce1kn xapak1epno pnn 1okn, neauen na
okoaoH pepe HnoroyronLnnka. 1pny1 7=%
npncaanaae1cn aa1oHa1neckn, korpa yron Hepy pepaHn
noaepxnoc1n, cxopnunHncn a 1oke, coc1aanne1 o1 Q[T po
[Q^ (pnc. 3.48).
. *.+9. ovkn c a1pny1oH E!- lE;
. *.+8. ovkn c a1pny1oH /)- l/;
3. >/;&%; q>{ - ns 1okn aLxopn1 pae ce1onLx nnnnn.
1o1 1nn 1okn xapak1epen pnn any1pennnx yrnoa
HnoroyronLnnka. 1pny1 >/;&%; npncaanaae1cn
aa1oHa1neckn, korpa yron Hepy pepaHn noaepxnoc1n,
cxopnunHncn a 1oke, coc1aanne1 o1 [Q^ po ST (pnc.
3.49).
166
. *.,2. en
nsHenenns a1pny1oa
1ovek
. *.,1. ovka c
a1pny1oH T2)l'!" lT;
. *.,0. ovkn c a1pny1oH
<12M l<;
. *.+>. ovkn c a1pny1oH H02!2 lH;
4. B%0%;P% qB{ - ns 1okn aLxopn1 1pn ce1onLx nnnnn.
1o1 a1pny1 npncaanaae1cn aa1oHa1neckn, korpa yron
Hepy pepaHn
noaepxnoc1n, cxopnunHncn a
1oke, coc1aanne1 o1 309 po 360
(pnc. 3.50).
5. :;%#%m%&! q:{ - ns 1okn aL-
xopn1 e1Lpe nnn onee ce1o-
nLx nnnnn. 1o1 a1pny1 npnHenne1cn npn noc1poennn rn-
pnpnon c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn, coc1onuen ns 1pex n e1Lpex-
yronLnLx aneHen1oa. nnsn 1okn c 1aknH a1pny1oH
pacnonarak1cn 1peyronLnLe aneHen1L (pnc. 3.51).
sHenenne a1pny1a 1okn nponsaopn1cn c noHouLk ko-
HanpL:
MMN

F&P

/" 12"L
"`Q
(e1ka
)
(oaepxnoc1
L)
(yc1anoan1
L a1pny1
1okn)
ockonLky, nsHennn 1nn
a1pny1a Hono ynpaann1L
npoueccoH pasnennn, a1a
koHanpa ak1nano npnHenne1cn
npn noc1poennn c1pyk1ypnLx
ce1ok. enk koHanpL nokasano
na pnc 3.52.
a1oH Henk a none "a2% qQ{
aLnpae1cn noaepxnoc1L,
npnHenn1enLno k ko1opon
167
paccHa1pnaae1cn a1pny1 1okn. aHa e 1oka, a1pny1
ko1opon nyno noHenn1L, aLnpae1cn a none z%;!2%P q[{.
none :43% qS{ aLnpae1cn nynLn a1pny1. ocne naa1nn
knonkn 533#4, cnHaon, oosnaakunn a1pny1 1okn, a
rpaqneckoH okne ype1 saHenen na 1peyeHLn.
nnpancL na nonyennLe snannn, paccHo1pnH nopponee
kak c1pon1cn c1pyk1ypnLe ce1kn pasnLx cxeH.
*.9.1. Y44$$ J46 $J C4 F$#$ Map
1pyk1ypnan ce1ka, noc1poennan no cxeHe 9a3, nanne1cn
caHLH npoc1LH n ac1o npnHenneHLH 1nnoH c1pyk1ypnon
konenoaneHen1non ce1kn a nporpaHHe Gamb!. ee ocnoae
nen1 e1LpexyronLnLn konenLn aneHen1. pnHepL
noaepxnoc1en, pasn1Lx no cxeHe 9a3 nokasanL na pnc.
3.53.
nn 1oro, 1oL noaepxnoc1L Hono Lno pasn1L
c1pyk1ypno no cxeHe 9a3 neoxopnHo aLnonnenne pnpa
ycnoann.
. *.,*. pnHepm pasnenns noaepxnoc1en no cxeHe M&Q
1. oaepxnoc1L ponna npepc1aann1L coon
1ononornecknn e1LpexyronLnnk. nepye1 nopepkny1L,
1o qnrypa ne onsa1enLno ponna L1L
e1LpexyronLnnkoH a oLnoH cHLcne a1oro cnoaa.
anpnHep, HnoroyronLnnk O*)FGwN na pnc. 3.54, Hono
paccHa1pnaa1L kak e1LpexyronLnnk O)G, ko1opLn nHee1
c1oponL O) n )G n npo1naoneaune nH G n O. pyr
nsopaennLn na pnc. 3.54, Hono npepc1aan1L kak
e1LpexyronLnnk O*)F c npo1naoneaunHn c1oponaHn O*-
168
)F n *)-OF. -opasnyk noaepxnoc1L na pnc. 3.53, 1ake
Hono cn1a1L nsorny1LH e1LpexyronLnnkoH.
2. nn pasnennn konenoaneHen1non ce1kon no cxeHe
9a3 noaepxnoc1L ponna nHe1L v 1okn c a1pny1aHn Z&=
qZ{ n nkoe ncno 1oek c a1pny1oH 7=%q7{. okn c
a1pny1oH Z&= qZ{ ponnL pacnonara1Lcn a aepunnax
1ononorneckoro e1LpexyronLnnka.
. *.,+. pnHep npepc1aanenns noaepxnoc1n a anpe
1ononornveckoro ve1mpexyronLnnka
3. ncno konenLx aneHen1oa na npo1naonononLx
rpannx 1ononorneckoro e1LpexyronLnnka ponno L1L
paanLH. eaLnonnenne a1oro 1peoaannn nanne1cn ac1on
ounkon, ns-sa ko1opon ne ypae1cn noc1pon1L 9a3-ce1ky.
oa1oHy a cnyae, ecnn nepep pasnenneH noaepxnoc1n
anaane pasnaak1cn nnnnn, cnepye1 c1apa1Lcn pasnaa1L
pae cHenLe c1oponL 1ononorneckoro e1LpexyronLnnka,
a npo1naonononLe nH pepa oc1aann1L caoopnLHn o1
ce1kn. cnn aLnonnn1L a1y pekoHenpaunk ne ypae1cn,
cnepye1 c1poro cnepn1L sa coo1ae1c1aneH ncna aneHen1oa
na npo1naonononLx rpannx e1LpexyronLnnka.
opaopn n1or ckasannoHy aLue Hono saknkn1L, 1o
pnn pasnennn noaepxnoc1n no cxeHe 9a3 neoxopnHo
cpena1L cnepykune Hannnynnunn.
169
1. uenn1L qopHy noaepxnoc1n n aLpenn1L a nen
1ononornecknn e1LpexyronLnnk.
2. poaepn1L a1pny1L 1oek. aepunnax e1LpexyronL-
nnka ponnL L1L yc1anoanenL a1pny1L Z&= qZ{, y
oc1anLnLx 1oek - 7=%q7{. pn neoxopnHoc1n
a1pny1L 1oek saHenn1L c noHouLk koHanpL 7%!
0%;!%D !43% .
3. poaepn1L coanapenne ncna konenLx aneHen1oa na
npo1naonononLx c1oponax e1LpexyronLnnka (ecnn
onn pasn1L). pn neoxopnHoc1n ncno aneHen1oa
koppek1npye1cn.
4. asn1L noaepxnoc1L na konenLe aneHen1L c
noHouLk koHanpL 9%Pj la2% .
nn 1oro, 1oL pasn1L o1eH c1pyk1ypnon ce1kon no
cxeHe 9a3 neoxopnHo, 1oL kapyk ns ero rpanen Hono
Lno pasn1L no a1on cxeHe.
*.9.2. Y44$$ J46 $J C4 F$#$ /u('ap
1pyk1ypnan ce1ka 1nna 7$bma3 npepc1aanne1 con
nono-c1pyk1ypnpoaannyk ce1ky na ocnoae
e1LpexyronLnLx aneHen1oa. pnHepL noc1poennn 7$bma3
ce1kn npnaepenL na pnc. 3.55.
170
. *.,.. 1pyk1ypa
/u('&Q ce1kn
. *.,,. pnHepm noc1poenns c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn no cxeHe
/u('&Q
1pyk1ypnan ce1ka 1nna
7$bma3 Hoe1 L1L
npepc1aanena kak coc1onuan ns
neckonLknx nokoa, pasn1Lx
no cxeHe 9a3 (pnc. 3.56).
nn 1oro, 1oL
noaepxnoc1L Hono Lno
pasn1L c1pyk1ypno no cxeHe
7$bma3+ neoxopnHo aLnon-
nn1L cnepykune ycnoann.
1. asnaaeHan noaepxnoc1L ponna npepc1aann1L coon
qnrypy, ko1opyk Hono npepc1aan1L kak coaokyn-
noc1L neckonLknx e1LpexyronLnnkoa. 1pny1L
1oek, a yrnax 1ononornecknx e1LpexyronLnnkoa
ponnL L1L 1nnoa Z&=, >/;&%; q>{ nnn B%0%;P% qB{
qpnc. 3.56{.
2. okn na rpannuax noaepxnoc1n ponnL nHe1L
a1pny1L no cnepykuen qopHyne: vZ&= qZ{ y
A7=%y9qZ&= y >/;&%;{ y V q[Z&= y B%0%;P%{, rpe A+
9+V - nkLe uenLe ncna nnn nonL.
1on1 1ake o1He1n1L, 1o noaepxnoc1L, ko1opan Hoe1
L1L pasn1a no cxeHe 9a3, 1ake Hoe1 L1L pasn1a n
no cxeHe 7$bma3.
nn 1oro, 1oL pasn1L o1eH c1pyk1ypnon ce1kon no
cxeHe 7$bma3 neoxopnHo, 1oL kapan ns ero rpanen
Horna L1L pasn1a no a1on cxeHe.
*.9.*. Y44$$ J46 $J C4 F$#$ T2)f
Q2)')")1
onenoaneHen1nan ce1ka, noc1poennan no cxeHe :;-
3;m!0%+ nHee1 a ocnoae e1LpexyronLnyk nenky. e1ka
a1oro 1nna c1pon1cn na 1ononorneckn 1peyronLnon
171
. *.,9 e1ka, noc1poennas no
cxeHe T2)fQ2)')")1
noaepxnoc1n. pn pasnennn ona penn1cn na 3 noka,
kapLn ns ko1opLx pasnaae1cn 9a3 ce1kon (pnc. 3.57). e-
poc1a1koH 1akon cxeHL nanne1cn onLuan, no cpaanennk c
9a3 n 7$bma3 ce1kaHn, ckouennoc1L neek.
nn 1oro, 1oL noaepxnoc1L Hono Lno pasn1L
c1pyk1ypno no cxeHe :;-3;m!0%+ neoxopnHo aLnonnn1L
cnepykune ycnoann.
1. oaepxnoc1L ponna npepc1aann1L coon 1ononorne-
cknn 1peyronLnnk.
2. rnoaLe 1okn, coo1-
ae1c1aykune aepun-
naH 1ononorneckoro
1peyronLnnka,
ponnL nHe1L a1pn-
y1 Z&=, oc1anLnLe
(ecnn onn ec1L) - a1-
pny1 7=%.
*.9.+. Y44$$ J46 $J C4 F$#$ S-O
oaepxnoc1nan konenoaneHen1nan ce1ka, noc1poennan
no cxeHe <%=6%, nanne1 rnpnpnon. pn pasnennn no a1on
cxeHe ncnonLsyk1cn kak 1peyronLnLe, 1ak n
e1LpexyronLnLe konenLe aneHen1L. xeHa npnHenne1cn
na 1ononornecknx 1peyronLnLx noaepxnoc1nx, ocoenno
nennoxne pesynL1a1L nonyak1cn na cek1ope kpyra.
e1onan noaepxnoc1L opasye1cn na ase nyen, aLxo-
pnunx ns opnoro ns yrnoa pace1non onac1n (pnc. 3.51).
epoc1a1koH 1akoro 1nna pace1non ce1kn nanne1cn
aosHonoc1L nonanennn 1peyronLnLx neek c onLuon
yrnoaon ckouennoc1Lk.
nn 1oro, 1oL noaepxnoc1L Hono Lno pasn1L
c1pyk1ypno no cxeHe <%=6%+ neoxopnHo aLnonnn1L
cnepykune ycnoann.
1. asnaaeHan noaepxnoc1L ponna npepc1aann1L coon
1ononornecknn 1peyronLnnk nnn cek1op kpyra.
172
. *.,8. oscnenn npnnunna
noc1poenns ce1kn no cxeHe H00Q2
2. ae yrnoaLx 1okn 1peyronLnnka ponnL nHe1L a1pn-
y1 Z&=, 1pe1Ln - :;a&6#%. c1anLnLe 1okn (ecnn onn
nHek1cn) ponnL nHe1L a1pny1 7=%.
*.9.,. Y44$$ 43[$#46 J46 $J C4
F$#$ H00Q2
xeHa pasnennn >//3%; npnHenne1cn pnn noc1poennn
c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn na o1eHax. ee ocnoae nea1
rekcaappanLnLe n npnsHa1neckne aneHen1L. pnnunn
noc1poennn ce1kn no pannon cxeHe saknkae1cn a
npoeunpoaannn noaepxnoc1noro pasnennn c opnon rpann
o1eHa na npo1naonononyk. pneH npoeunpoaa1Lcn
Hoe1 neckonLko noaepxnoc1en na opny nnn neckonLko npo-
1naoneaunx.
anpnHep, pnn o1eHa, npepc1aannkuero coon
coaokynnoc1L napannenennnepa n unnnnppa (pnc. 3.58),
pasnenne no cxeHe >//3%; Hoe1 nponcxopn1L payHn
ny1nHn:
- ce1ka c noaepxnoc1n S npoeunpye1cn na
npo1naonononLe rpann o1eHa Q n [;
- ce1ka c noaepxnoc1en Q n [ npoeunpye1cn na rpanL S.
oaepxnoc1n, c ko1opLx npoeunpye1cn ce1ka, n rpann, na
ko1opLe nponcxopn1 npoeunpoaanne, nasLaak1cn
npoeunpykunHn
noaepxnoc1nHn.
c1anLnLe
noaepxnoc1n
nasLaak1cn okoaLHn.
ncno aneHen1oa no
pnnne okoaLx
noaepxnoc1en onpe-
penne1cn aLpannLH
pasHepoH nenkn (a
none 73a2&6) a Henk
pasnennn o1eHa,
173
. *.,>. en koHanpm
noc1poenns ce1kn na
oeHe no cxeHe H00Q2
nno npepaapn1enLnLH pasnenneH opnon nnn neckonLknx
ns okoaLx rpanen.
nn 1oro, 1oL o1eH Hono Lno pasn1L no cxeHe
>//3%; neoxopnHo, 1oL ace okoaLe noaepxnoc1n Hornn
L1L pasn1L no cxeHe 9a3 nnn 7$bma3.
ac1ponka pasnennn no cxeHe >//3%; nponsaopn1cn a
Henk noc1poennn ce1kn na o1eHe (pnc. 3.59).
a1oH Henk neoxopnHo nponsaec1n cnepykune
Hannnynnunn.
1. none z/#$m%P, aLnpae1cn pasnaaeHLn o1eH.
2. none :43% aLnpae1cn cxeHa pasnennn >//3%;.
3. none 7/$;2%P aLnpak1cn npoeunpykune
noaepxnoc1n. pn aLope o1eHa pnn pasnennn no
cxeHe >//3%;+ nporpaHHa Gamb! caHa onpepenne1
npoeunpykune noaepxnoc1n. onLunnc1ae cnyaea
aa1oHa1necknn aLop
aepen. pnako pnn
cnonLx o1eHoa
nporpaHHe ne acerpa
ypae1cn onpepenn1L
npoeunpykune
noaepxnoc1n. oa1oHy
c1on1 npoaepn1L
npaannLnoc1L aa1oHa1ne-
ckoro aLopa n npn
neoxopnHoc1n anec1n
koppek1naL. oaepxnoc1n,
ce1ka c ko1opLx npo-
eunpye1cn, npepno-
1n1enLnee pasn1L
sapanee.
4. none 73a2&6 sapae1cn
pasHep konenoro
174
aneHen1a pnn okoaLx noaepxnoc1en, ecnn onn ne
Lnn pasn1L sapanee.
5. anyckae1cn noc1poenne koneno-aneHen1non ce1kn
naa1neH knonkn 533#4.
pnHep noc1poennn c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn na o1eHe a anpe
nonykonLua c noHouLk cxeHL >//3%; nokasan na pnc. 3.60.
. *..0. 1pyk1ypnoe pasnenne nonykonLua no cxeHe
H00Q2n a - anp paccHa1pnaaeHoro o1eHa; - o1eH c pace1non
ce1kon
a1oH o1eHe npoeunpykunHn noaepxnoc1nHn
nannk1cn ceennn Q n [. e1ka npoeunpye1cn c noaepxnoc1n
1 na 2 (nnn naoopo1) aponL opasykuen nonykonLua.
*.9... X$D_ C44$_ J46 $J
E$AF #4G$7_F 74?46 54#A. o$J4#C4\_
^7$#$48
pn noc1poennn pace1nLx Hopenen cnonon qopHL
ac1o aosnnkae1 cn1yaunn, korpa na nnx ne ypae1cn
nanon1L c1pyk1ypnyk konenoaneHen1nyk ce1ky.
aac1yk a1o nponcxopn1 ns-sa 1oro, 1o HopenL ne
noppae1cn pasnennk no opnon ns paccHo1pennLx aLue
cxeH. a1oH cnyae nponeHa noc1poennn c1pyk1ypnon
ce1kn Hoe1 L1L peuena sa ce1 pekoHnosnunn pace1non
onac1n. op nen nonnHak1 paspenenne ncxopnon Hopenn
na nokn, ko1opLe Hory1 L1L pasn1L c1pyk1ypno. pn
a1oH npepno1n1enLnee aLpenn1L nokn, a ocnoae ko1opLx
175
nea1 1ononorneckne e1LpexyronLnnkn. nn Hory1 L1L
pasn1L no cxeHaH 9a3 nnn 7$bma3. pesynL1a1e,
konenoaneHen1nan cek1a pace1non onac1n nonyae1cn
coc1onuen ns neckonLknx nokoa co c1pyk1ypnLH pasne-
nneH.
aspenenne pace1non onac1n na c1pyk1ypnLe nokn
nponsaopn1cn c noHouLk koHanpL 73#! , ,
onepaunn aLn1annn n nepeceennn o1ek1oa.
pnpe cnyaea aosHono nonyenne c1pyk1ypnoro noka ns
neckonLknx nec1pyk1ypnLx c noHouLk koHanpL 9%;6%
nnn onepaunn cnoennn .
3.8. pnHepm noc1poenns c1pyk1ypnon
konevnoaneHen1non ce1kn
accHo1pnH neckonLko npnHepoa c1pyk1ypnoro
pasnennn cnonLx o1ek1oa c noHouLk pekoHnosnunn.
*.8.1. Y#$ J4D4 3$_ J3 4 5$46
8
npnHepe pacckasLaae1cn, kak nanon1L c1pyk1ypnyk
ce1ky na pace1nyk onac1L a anpe kya, any1pn ko1oporo
nHee1cn uapoanpnan nonoc1L (pnc. 3.61, ).
. *..1. xeHa pacve1non onac1n
176
accHa1pnaaeHan HopenL Hoe1 L1L pasn1a no cxeHe
>//3%;( nn a1oro neoxopnHo cnpoeunpoaa1L ce1ky c opnon
noaepxnoc1n c o1aepc1neH na npo1naonononyk. pnako
noc1pon1L kaec1aennyk ce1ky na noaepxnoc1n c
o1aepc1neH ne ypac1cn. oa1oHy ncxopnLn o1eH Hono
paspenn1L na pae ac1n pnaronanLnon nnockoc1Lk (pnc.
3.61, +). epxnne rpann nonyennLx npnsHa1necknx
o1eHoa Hory1 L1L pasn1L ce1kon onee aLcokoro ka-
ec1aa. nn ncnonLsyk1cn a kaec1ae npoeunpykunx no-
aepxnoc1en npn pasnennn npnsH no cxeHe >//3%;.
esynL1a1 pasnennn pace1non onac1n onncannLH aLue
cnocooH nokasan na pnc. 3.62.
. *..2. epamn aapnan1 pasnenns konevnoaneHen1non
ce1kon pacve1non onac1n
cnn ncxopnyk qnrypy nopenn1L ne opnon, a payHn
pnaronanLnLHn noaepxnoc1nHn, 1o npoeunpykune
noaepxnoc1n Hory1 L1L pasn1L c1pyk1ypno no cxeHe 9a3
n ce1ka na paccHa1pnaaeHon pace1non onac1n nonyn1cn
onee ynopnpoennon (pnc. 3.63).
177
. *..+. xeHa
pacve1non onac1n
aknvamen
napannenennnep n 1op
. *..*. 1opon aapnan1 pasnenns konevnoaneHen1non
ce1kon pacve1non onac1n
*.2.2. Y#$ J4D4 3$_
C77$7$CC$G 44#
a1oH npnHepe pac1epnaae1cn cnoco nanoennn
c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn no cxeHe
>//3%; na pace1nyk HopenL,
nsopaennyk na pnc. 3.64. na
coc1on1 ns payx o1eHoa: npnHo-
yronLnoro napannenennnepa n
nonykonLua. oaepxnoc1L na-
pannenennnepa, k ko1opon
npnHLkae1 nonykonLuo, coc1on1
ns payx ac1en: npnHoyronLnnka S
c payHn o1aepc1nnHn (a1a ac1L
npnnapnen1 1onLko napan-
nenennnepy) n payH kpyraH Q n [
(a1a ac1L npnnapnen1 oenH
ac1nH Hopenn). oc1poenne ce1kn
uenecoopasno naa1L c pasnennn
nonykonLua. no pasnaae1cn no
178
cxeHe >//3%; ananornno 1oHy, kak a1o Lno paccHo1peno
aLue (pnc. 3.60). a1eH pasnaae1cn noaepxnoc1L S.
1pyk1ypnoe pasnenne napannenennnepa ocyuec1anne1cn
no cxeHe >//3%;( kaec1ae npoeunpykunx noaepxnoc1en
ncnonLsyk1cn rpann Q+[+S n npo1naoneauan nH noaepx-
noc1L. esynL1a1 pasnennn nokasan na pnc. 3.65.
. *..,. osHoxnmn aapnan1 pasnenns pacve1non onac1n
ce1kon konevnmx aneHen1oa
*.8.*. Y#$ J4D4 3$_ G8F
$44AF \7G48
eoxopnHo nanon1L konenoaneHen1nyk ce1ky no
cxeHe >//3%; na HopenL, nsopaennyk na pnc. 3.66, . na
coc1on1 ns payx unnnnppoa pasnoro pnaHe1pa. cn
unnnnppoa nepecekak1cn nop npnHLH yrnoH n nea1 a
nnockoc1n cnHHe1pnn onLuero unnnnppa.
179
nc. *.... xeHa pacve1non onac1n, coc1osmen ns payx
necoocnmx unnnnppoa
anon1L c1pyk1ypnyk ce1ky no cxeHe >//3%; na a1y
HopenL es pekoHnosnunn ne ypae1cn, 1ak kak pnn
pasnennn no pannon cxeHe neoxopnHo, 1oL okoaLe
rpann o1eHa Hornn pasnaa1Lcn 9a3 ce1kon.
oa1oHy ncxopnyk qnrypy nyno paspenn1L na nokn.
a pnc. 3.66, nokasan opnn ns aosHonLx aapnan1oa.
ace1nan onac1L penn1cn payHn noaepxnoc1nHn, napan-
nenLnLHn ocnH unnnnppoa n o1c1onunx o1 nnockoc1n
cnHHe1pnn qnrypL na pacc1onnne, npeaLuakuee papnyc
Hanoro unnnnppa. pesynL1a1e HopenL penn1cn na S ac1n:
paa o1eHa, a ocnoae ko1opLx nea1 noaepxnoc1n Q n [+ a
1ake 1eno, ko1opoe npepc1aanne1 coon uec1nrpannnk c
unnnnppoH, aLxopnunH ns okoaon noaepxnoc1n. ce onn
Hory1 L1L pasn1L no cxeHe >//3%;, npneH nanpaanennn
npoeunpoaannn cocepnnx o1eHoa o1nnak1cn na T(
asnenne cnepye1 nanna1L c uen1panLnoro o1eHa.
kaec1ae npoeunpykunx noaepxnoc1en ncnonLsyk1cn rpann
S n v, ce1ka c ko1opLx npoeunpye1cn na noaepxnoc1L m. aa
oc1aaunxcn o1ek1a 1ake pasnaak1cn no cxeHe >//3%;+
ncnonLsyn a kaec1ae npoeunpykunx noaepxnoc1n Q, [ n
npo1naoneaune nH rpann. esynL1a1 pasnennn nokasan
na pnc. 3.67.
180
. *..8. epamn aapnan1
nanecenns c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn na
map
. *..9. asnenne pacve1non onac1n, coc1osmnx ns payx
necoocnmx unnnnppoa
*.8.+. Y#$ J4D4 3$$ p
oc1pon1L c1pyk1yp-
nyk ce1ky na uape es
npoaepennn pekoH-
nosnunn nenLsn.
yuec1aye1 neckonLko
cnocooa ero pekoHno-
snunn pnn nanecennn
c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn.
kaec1ae npnHepa nne
npnaepenL [ aapnan1a
(pnc. 3.68, 3.69).
) Q( noHo-
uLk 1pex asanHno nep-
nenpnkynnpnLx no-
aepxnoc1en,
npoxopnunx epes uen1p uapa, on penn1cn na 8 ac1en.
a1eH kapLn ns cek1opoa pasnaae1cn ce1kon no cxeHe
:;-3;m!0% (pnc. 3.68).
181
) [( 1pon1cn acnoHora1enLnLn unnnnpp, ocL
apauennn ko1oporo npoxopn1 epes uen1p uapa.
noHouLk ero okoaon noaepxnoc1n uap penn1cn na pae
ac1n: ouero o1eHa uapa n unnnnppa n o1eHa, nony-
akuerocn a pesynL1a1e aLn1annn ns uapa unnnnppa. 1o-
pon o1eH penn1cn nononaH nnockoc1Lk npoxopnuen epes
ocL unnnnppa. onyennLe 1pn o1eHa Hory1 L1L pasn1L
no cxeHe >//3%;+ kak a1o nokasano na pnc. 3.69.
*.8.,. Y#$ J4D4 3$_ 5DA
74?46 54#A
pannoH npnHepe nokasLaae1cn, kak Hono c1pyk1ypno
pasn1L na konenLe aneHen1L qnrypy cnonon qopHL,
Hennn a1pny1L 1oek. neunnn anp qnrypL nokasan na
pnc. 3.70.
ospae1cn o1ek1. nn a1oro nyno aLnonnn1L cne-
pykune penc1ann:
182
. *.90. nemnnn anp
qnrypm ns paspena 3.8.5
. *..>. 1opon aapnan1 nanecenns c1pyk1ypnon ce1kn na
map
ospa1L ky co c1oponaHn QTeQTeQT epnnnu,
uen1p ko1oporo coanapae1 c naanoH kooppnna1
(koHanpa
);
cospa1L cqepy papny-
coH [ epnnnuL c uen-
1poH a naane
kooppnna1 (koHanpa
);
183
cqepy aLec1L ns
kya (koHanpa
);
nonyennyk qnrypy
paspenn1L na s
o1eHoa kooppnna1-
nLHn nnockoc1nHn.
nn a1oro 1pn
cHenLx noaepxno-
c1n kya nepeHec1n1L
nepnenpnkynnpno
cee na m epnnnu
(pnc. 3.71) (koHanpa
);
ncnonLsyn nonyennLe noaepxnoc1n, paspenn1L
qnrypy na 8 ac1en (koHanpa ).
pn a1oH onunn b=;%2!/&a# ponna L1L
ak1nana;
7 ns 8 nonyennLx o1eHoa cnepye1 ypann1L nnn
cpena1L neanpnHLHn. pesynL1a1e ponna
nonyn1Lcn qnrypa, nsopaennan na pnc. 3.70.
annLn o1eH Hoe1 L1L pasn1 no cxeHe >//3%; a
nanpaanennn o1 any1pennen cqepneckon noaepxnoc1n k
1peH kaappa1nLH noaepxnoc1nH. pn okoaLe noaepxnoc1n
c nonykpyrnLH aLpesoH npn a1oH ponnL n1Lcn no cxeHe
9a3. nn a1oro na nnx nyno noHenn1L a1pny1L 1oek.
nnx ace 1okn, npnnapneaune okoaLH noaepxnoc1nH,
ponnL nHe1L a1pny1 Z&=, a 1oka, naxopnuancn
nanpo1na pyrn - 7=%.
ocne aLnonnennn nac1poek, onncannLn aLue o1eH
Hoe1 L1L pasn1 no cxeHe >//3%; c pasHepoH nenkn T+m.
184
. *.91. esynL1a1
konnpoaanns okoamx
noaepxnoc1en kya
pn pasnennn cnepye1 ykasa1L npoeunpykune
noaepxnoc1n (7/$;2%P na pnc. 3.59), nockonLky a pannoH
cnyae Gamb! ne cnocoen caH nx aLpa1L. osHono pnn
ycneunoro pasnennn o1eHa nonapon1cn
npepaapn1enLnoe pasnenne okoaLx noaepxnoc1en (c
nonykpyrnLHn aLpesaHn). esynL1a1 pasnennn nokasan na
pnc. 3.72.
. *.92. emenne pacve1non onac1n ce1kon konevnmx
aneHen1oa
185
. +.1. en q0!M
4.
GAMBIT
ak o1HeanocL aLue a nporpaHHe Gamb!
ocyuec1anne1cn npepaapn1enLnoe ykasanne aneHen1oa
pace1non onac1n, k ko1opLH a panLnenueH ypy1
npnnoenL . nn payxHepnLx sapa 1aknHn aneHen1aHn
nannk1cn nnnnn, pnn 1pexHepnLx - noaepxnoc1n. poHe
1oro, specL Hono aLpenn1L kakyk-nno ac1L pace1non
onac1n, caonc1aa ko1opon ypy1 cyuec1aenno o1nna1Lcn
o1 caonc1a ppyrnx ac1en (nanpnHep, 1aeppoe 1eno a
conpnennon sapae nnn ac1L, naxopnuancn a ppyron
cnc1eHe kooppnna1, nanpnHep, a nopannon). ncnoaLe
snaennn napaHe1poa na rpannuax, onncannLx cornacno
pekoHenpaunnH nac1onuero paspena sapak1cn a nporpaHHe
"#$%&!. neHen1L reoHe1pnn, orpannnaakune pace1nyk
onac1L n ne o1HeennLe kak rpannnLe, aa1oHa1neckn
cn1ak1cn c1enkaHn. kasannLn a nporpaHHe Gamb! 1nn
a cnyae ounkn nnn nsHenennn c1pa1ernn peuennn sapan
Hono ckoppek1npoaa1L a nporpaHHe "#$%&!.
nncanne rpannu ocyuec1anne1cn a Henk /&%P (pnc.
4.1), poc1yn k ko1opoHy ocyuec1anne1cn naa1neH 1pe1Len
cneaa knonkn a
rnaanoH Henk (pnc.
1.2). ak anpno, rpynna
Henk sapannn
186
. +.2. en onncanns
1nna na aneHen1ax
reoHe1pnn
rpannnLx onac1en coc1on1
acero ns payx koHanp:
/QP)T` B0u!-&2` T`QM
- onncanne 1nna
na aneHen1ax reoHe1pnn,
orpannnaakunx
pace1nyk onac1L;
/QP)T` H0!")!uu' T`QM
- aLpenenne onac1n
pace1non Hopenn.
enk onncannn 1nna na
aneHen1ax reoHe1pnn nokasano
na pnc. 4.2.
Hoe1 L1L nanoeno na
nnnnk, noaepxnoc1L nnn rpynny
aneHen1oa. neHen1L, na
ko1opLx npepnonarae1cn ero
yc1anoan1L, aLnpak1cn a none
Z&!!4 (Q na pnc. 4.2). nn
aneHen1a reoHe1pnn, ko1opLn
nnannpye1cn ncnonLsoaa1L a
kaec1ae rpannnoro, aLn-
pae1cn a cnncke (noaepxnoc1L
"a2% nnn nnnnn Z=6%), naxopnueHcn a a1oH none ("a2%P na
pnc. 4.2). pno Hoe1 aknka1L nponsaonLnoe ko-
nnec1ao aneHen1oa. ce onn ypy1 o1opaenL a cnncke a
nnnen ac1n nonn Z&!!4( pnn aneHen1 reoHe1pnn ne Ho-
e1 npnnapnea1L payH pasnLH .
cnyae, ecnn aneHen1 Ln aLpan ounono, on Hoe1
L1L ypanen oLnLH cnocooH c noHouLk cnncka (pnc.
1.18), poc1yn k ko1opoHy ocyuec1anne1cn knonkon .
nL1epna1nanLH ny1eH ypanennn nanne1cn cnepykunn.
enynLn aneHen1 aLnpae1cn a cnncke (Aab%# . :43%) n
ypanne1cn naa1neH knonkn B%m/0%.
none 52!/& ([ na pnc. 4.2) aLnpae1cn nnannpyeHoe
penc1ane c . cero aosHono e1Lpe anpa penc1ann:
5== - poaanenne rpannnoro ycnoann;
9/=l4 - pepak1npoaanne cyuec1aykuero rpannnoro
ycnoann;
?%#%!% - ypanenne rpannnoro ycnoann;
?%#%!% a## - ypanenne acex cospannLx rpannnLx
ycnoann.
pepnonaraeHLn 1nn aLnpae1cn a cnncke :43% (S na
pnc. 4.2). opepanne cnncka saancn1 o1 pace1non
nporpaHHL, ko1opan Lna aLpana a Henk Z=! 7/#0%;.
nn nporpaHHnoro koHnnekca "#$%&! m1^+ ncnonLsyeHoro no
yHonannk, a cnncke copepn1cn npnHepno [T 1nnoa .
ac1L ns nnx nocn1 yskocneunannsnpoaannLn xapak1ep n
npnHenne1cn poc1a1ono pepko. anonee yno1penHL
cnepykune:
];%PP$;% &#%! . ycnoane paanenne na axope. no
noppasyHeaae1 sapnne nonnoro paanennn n
1eHnepa1ypL, a 1ake nanpaanenne aek1opa ckopoc1n
axopnuero no1oka na aLpannon rpannue. 1o
nanonee ac1o npnHenneHoe axopnoe rpannnoe
ycnoane;
z%#/2!4 &#%! . ycnoane ckopoc1L na axope( annoe
ycnoane noppasyHeaae1 sapanne aek1opa ckopoc1n n
1eHnepa1ypL axopnuero no1oka. 1o ne npnHennHo
pnn cnHaeHLx no1okoa;
9aPP /C &#%! . ycnoane HaccoaLn pacxop na axope(
1o rpannnoe ycnoane sapae1 HaccoaLn pacxop,
nonnyk 1eHnepa1ypy n nanpaannkune kocnnycL
aek1opa ckopoc1n axopnuero no1oka;
];%PP$;% la; }%#= - ycnoane c1a1neckoe paanenne na
ypanennn o1 rpannuL. oppasyHeaae1 sapanne
188
. +.*. nnoaon naop n
pacnonoxenne rpannvnmx
ycnoann
c1a1neckoro paanennn na ypanennn o1 rpannuL, a
1ake aennnnL ckopoc1n (ncna axa) n ee
nanpaanennn. annoe npnHenne1cn pnn peuennn
sapa aneunero o1ekannn (pnc. 4.4);
];%PP$;% /$!#%! - ycnoane paanenne na aLxope. 1o
ocnoanon 1nn aLxopnoro , npnHenneHLn ao "#$%&!.
no onpepenne1 c1a1neckoe paanenne no1oka na
aLxopnon rpannue;
i$!/C - aLxopnoe rpannnoe ycnoane,
nokasLaakuee kakan ponn pacxopa aLxopn1 epes
pannyk rpannuy. nnHanne! nn koppek1noro
sapannn nepnopneckoro onsa1enLno neoxopnHo,
1oL nepnopneckne rpannuL nHenn cansannyk
konenoaneHen1nyk ce1ky (koHanpa A&@ , cH. pas-
pen 3.2.4). e1ka c nekoppek1no onncannLH
nepnopnecknH ycnoaneH ne ype1 nHnop1npoaana a
peua1enL. pn a1oH a okne coouennn (pnc. 1.2)
nonan1cn cnepykuee: ]%;/=2 `/$&=a;4 Z&!!%P a;% &/!
P3%2}%= 2/;;%2!#4( :j% !C/ 3%;/=2 %&!!%P maP! b% #&@
m%Pj%= a&= P3%2}%= /& !j% Pam% `/$&=a;4 Z&!!4( V/
%&!!%P C%;% l/$&= l/; maPj %D3/;!( Z;;/;P C%;% l/$&=
=$;&6 %D3/;!( ZD3/;! }#% CaP &/! 2;%a!%=t
<a## - rpannnoe ycnoane c1enkn;
]%;/=2 - nepnopneckoe rpannnoe ycnoane;
74mm%!;4 - ycnoane cnHHe1pnn;
5DP - ycnoane ocL. no npnHenne1cn pnn sapannn
ocn a ocecnHHe1pnnLx sapaax.
ak npaanno, kapan pace1nan HopenL nHee1 kak
HnnnHyH 1pn : axopnoe
(oLno a1o ];%PP$;% &#%!
nnn 9aPP /C &#%!{+ aL-
xopnoe (];%PP$;% /$!#%!) n
c1enkn (<a##) (pnc. 4.3).
. +.+. nnoaoe sapanne
rpannvnmx ycnoann a sapavax
anemnero o1ekanns
sapaax aneunero
o1ekannn aHec1o
axopnoro n aLxopnoro
ycnoann poc1a1ono
npnHenn1L opno ycnoane
];%PP$;% la; }%#= (pnc. 4.4)(
rpaqe Vam% (v na
pnc. 4.2) Hono sapa1L
nHn c noHouLk
na1nncknx yka n unqp.
cnn none oc1aan1L
nyc1LH, 1o nHn ype1
nasnaeno aa1oHa1neckn,
ncxopn ns 1nna .
poHe o1HeennLx aL-
ue, a Henk 73%2l4 `/$&-
=a;4 :43%P naxopn1cn pae onunn:
7j/C #ab%#P (m na pnc. 4.2) - nokasLaae1 nasaannn
cospannLx a okne noc1poennn;
7j/C 2/#/;P (^ na pnc. 4.2) - aLpenne1 a okne no-
c1poennn cospannLe uae1oH. Uae1 rpannnon
noaepxnoc1n ykasLaae1 na ee 1nn (cepLn - <a##+ rony-
on . ]%;/=2+ 1eHno ronyon - 9aPP /C &#%!+ kpacnLn
- ];%PP$;% /$!#%! (({.
LpannLe nac1ponkn pnn cospannn nop1apepak1cn
naa1neH knonkn 533#4.
pesynL1a1e aLnonnennn koHanpL a cnncke a aepxnen
ac1n Henk nonan1cn nHn cospannoro , a a onac1n
noc1poennn ono ype1 aLpeneno uae1oH n nonan1cn ero nHn
(ecnn ak1nanL onunn 7j/C 2/#/;P n 7j/C #ab%#P
coo1ae1c1aenno).
oHanpa aLpenennn onac1n pace1non Hopenn 73%2l4
>/&!&$$m :43%P (pnc 4.1) ncnonLsye1cn pnn aLpenennn
190
onac1en, caonc1aa ko1opLx cyuec1aenno o1nnak1cn o1
caonc1a ppyron ac1n pace1non onac1n.
anpnHep, npn paccHo1pennn conpnennoro
1ennooHena pace1nan onac1L copepn1 onac1L no1oka
n o1ekaeHoe 1eno. a1oH cnyae opna onac1L - a1o no1ok
npkoc1n nnn rasa, ppyran - 1aeppoe 1eno. pn
paccHo1pennn sapa c nopannLHn aneHen1aHn
aLpenne1cn onac1L no1oka, copepauan panyunncn o1-
ek1. 1a onac1L paccn1Laae1cn a ppyron, nopannon .
enk koHanpL aLpenennn onac1n pace1non Hopenn
73%2l4 >/&!&$$m :43%P no aneuneHy anpy n npnnunny
pao1L c nnH Hano o1nnae1cn o1 Henk onncannn 1nna
na aneHen1ax reoHe1pnn /QP)T` B0u!-&2` T`QM ,
nokasannoro na pnc. 4.2. Lpannan onac1L pace1non
Hopenn Hoe1 L1L onpepenena kak 7/#= (1aeppoe 1eno)
nnn "#$= (npkoc1L nnn ras). Lop ocyuec1anne1cn a none
:43%(
cnyae, korpa 1eenne a pace1non onac1n ne
copepn1 onac1en c cnnLno o1nnakunHncn caonc1aaHn,
nac1ponkn a Henk 73%2l4 >/&!&$$m :43%P Hono ne
npoaopn1L. a1oH cnyae acn pace1nan onac1L ype1
paccHa1pnaa1Lcn kak npkoc1L nnn ras ("#$=) c
opnnakoaLHn caonc1aaHn.
nn nnnkc1paunn ocnoanLx npneHoa onncannn rpannu a
nporpaHHe "#$%&! paccHo1pnH a1o1 npouecc na npnHepe
pace1non Hopenn payxHepnon 1ypnnnon peue1kn (cH. n.
2.9.2 n 3.6.2). nn a1oro cnepye1 sarpysn1L cospannyk n
pasn1yk na konenLe aneHen1L HopenL.
nn nccnepoaannn 1eennn a aneHen1apnoH cnepye1
ncnonLsyk1cn cnepykune rpannnLe ycnoann (pnc. 2.2):
na axopnon rpannue - nonnLe paanenne n 1eHnepa1ypa
no1oka, nanpaannkune kocnnycL aek1opa ckopoc1n n
rpannnLe ycnoann 1ypynen1noc1n;
na aLxopnon rpannue - c1a1neckoe paanenne;
na okoaLx noaepxnoc1nx - nepnopneckoe rpannnoe
ycnoane;
na c1enkax nona1kn - ycnoane nenpnnnnannn paoen
cpepL.
nn aLxopa a Henk sapannn rpannnLx ycnoann (pnc.
4.2) cnepye1 naa1L cnepykune knonkn a rnaanoH Henk:
q0!M

/QP)T` B0u!-&2`
T`QM
(sonL) (apa1L 1nn rpann-
nLx ycnoann)
nn onpepenennn axopnon rpannuL a neH neoxopnHo
nponsaec1n cnepykune penc1ann:
a none 52!/& neoxopnHo naa1L knonky 5==. 1o
penc1ane ykae1 na 1o, 1o ype1 sapana noaan
rpannnan noaepxnoc1L;
a rpaqe Vam% Hono sapa1L nanHenoaanne rpa-
nnnoro ycnoann na1nncknHn ykaaHn. cnn none
oc1aan1L nyc1LH, 1o nHn ype1 nasnaeno aa-
1oHa1neckn a coo1ae1c1ann c 1nnoH;
naa1L knonkn 7j/C #ab%#P n 7j/C 2/#/;P. pe-
synL1a1e a okne noc1poennn cospannLe ypy1
nopnncLaa1Lcn n aLpenn1Lcn uae1oH;
uenkny1L HLuLk no knonke :43%( pesynL1a1e
o1kpoe1cn poc1yn k cnncky poc1ynnLx .
opepanne cnncka saancn1 o1 pace1non
nporpaHHL, ko1opan Lna aLpana a naane
noc1poennn Hopenn. nn sapannn axopnoro
rpannnoro ycnoann nyno aLpa1L 3;%PP$;% &#%!
(paanenne na axope);
nockonLky peuaeHan sapaa payxHepnan, 1o y-
py1 sapaaa1Lcn na nnnnnx. nn 1oro, 1oL on-
pepenn1L a1o, neoxopnHo uenkny1L HLuLk na
knonke a onac1n Z&!!4 n a nonanaueHcn cnncke
aLpa1L Z=6%t
192
noc1aan1L kypcop a none nanpo1na knonkn Z=6% n c
noHouLk HLun aLpa1L axopnyk rpannuy
pace1non onac1n. cnn nponsouna ounka, 1o
ypann1L nnnnk ns cnncka Hono, naaa knonky
B%m/0%;
aLpannLe nac1ponkn rpannuL nop1aeppak1cn
naa1neH knonkn 533#4.
pesynL1a1e aLnonnennn koHanpL a cnncke a aepxnen
ac1n Henk nonan1cn nasaanne cospannoro rpannnoro yc-
noann, a a onac1n noc1poennn ono ype1 aLpeneno uae1oH
n aLcae1n1cn ero nHn.
nanornno na aLxopnon rpannue pace1non onac1n
yc1anaannaae1cn 3;%PP$;% /$!#%! (paanenne na aLxope).
ak o1HeanocL aLue, paccHa1pnaaeHLn
Henona1onLn kanan ponen nHe1L nepnopneckoe .
nn ero onncannn coo1ae1c1aykune rpannnLe
noaepxnoc1n aLnpak1cn nonapno, a a none :43%
aLnpae1cn 1nn ]%;/=2. ns sapanns nepnopnveckoro
ossa1enLno neoxopnHo, v1om nepnopnveckne
rpannum nHenn cassanny konevno-aneHen1ny ce1ky.
esynL1a1 onncannn nokasan na pnc. 4.5. a
oc1anLnLx orpannnaakunx HopenL noaepxnoc1nx, ko1opLe
ne Lnn o1HeenL kak rpannnLe, no yHonannk ype1 yc-
1anoaneno c1enkn (<a##).
. +.,. esynL1a1 sapanns rpannvnmx ycnoann
194
3
1. O G(+ e G(+ L (
Lncnn1enLnan rnppoHexannka n 1ennooHen. 2-x 1oHax.
- .: np,1990.- 384c.
2. *h O()(+ Fg (N(+ wx K().
apopnnaHnecknn pace1 n on1nHanLnoe npoek1npoaanne
npo1onon ac1n 1ypoHaunn. - XapLkoa: "X", 2002.
341c.
3. F O(+ wx K()(+ O()(+ L(
oaLuenne aqqek1nanoc1n c1ynenn 1ypnnL aLcokoro
paanennn c noHouLk cnonoro naaana nona1ok c1a1opa //
oaepuenc1aoaanne 1ypoyc1anoaok He1opaHn
Ha1eHa1neckoro n qnsneckoro Hopennpoaannn: p.
Hepynapop. nay.-1exn. konq./ kpannL n pp. -
XapLkoa: n-1 nponeH Haunnoc1poennn nH.
..opropnoro kpannL, 1997. - . 170 - 174.
4. wx K()(+ O()( oHnnekc nporpaHH FowER

pnn pace1a 1pexHepnLx ansknx 1eennn a

Hnoroc1ynena1Lx 1ypnnax n koHnpeccopax //
oaepuenc1aoaanne 1ypoyc1anoaok He1opaHn
Ha1eHa1neckoro n qnsneckoro Hopennpoaannn: p. He-
pynapop. nay.-1exn. konq./ kpannL n pp. - XapLkoa:
n-1 nponeH Haunnoc1poennn nH. ..opropnoro
kpannL, 1997. - . 158 - 164.
5. '(+ - I( onenLe aneHen1L n nx
annpokcnHaunn. - .: np, 1986. - 178c.
6. N )((+ O(N(+ -x J(L(+ '
-(N( ennooHennLe annapa1L n cnc1eHL oxnapennn
raso1ypnnnLx n koHnnnpoaannLx yc1anoaok: ennk pnn
aysoa/ op pep. .. eon1Leaa. - .: sp-ao nH. ..
ayHana, 2003 -592c.
8. L K( ncnennLe He1opL peuennn sapa
1ennooHena n pnnaHnkn npkoc1n. - .: neproa1oHnspa1,
1984. - 150c.
9. L ( F(+ F( K( ncnennLe He1opL
rasoaon pnnaHnkn. - .:np, 1987. - 186c.
10. h O( G( ypynen1nLe 1eennn a
nnenepnLx npnnoennnx: ep. c anrn. - .: neprnn, 1979.
- 408 c.
11 ypynen1noc1L. pnnunnL n npnHenenne. op pep.
( H ( -( - .:np, 1980. - 220c.
12 H I( Lncnn1enLnLe He1opL a pnnaHnke
npkoc1en a 2-x 1. - .: np, 1991. - 1056c.
13. G( ncnennLe He1opL a sapaax 1ennooHena:
ep. c anrn. - .: np, 1988. - 544 c.
14. e F( eopnn norpannnoro cnon. - .: ayka,
1974. - 711c.
15. ?a#4+ `(k(+ a&= a;#/C+ "(( Tanspot euatons n tuu-
ence, hs. Fuds, 13(11), 1970. pp. 2634-2649.
16. at 2.3.16 uses gude.
17. "%;86%; k( (+ ]%;2 9( Coputatona Methods o Fud
Dnacs. - 3., e. ed. - en; edeeg; ew Yok;
aceona; ong ong; ondon; Man; as; Toko: Spnge,
2002
18. Fuent 6.3.26 uses gude.
19 Aam3a;! ](+ o%;Pj/0 7( 3D shape optsaton o
tuoachne adng // CFD o Tuoachne Appcaton:
Sena/Sue Schoo, Sept. 01-03, 2001, dansk, oand, p.
224.
20. Aa$&=%;+ `(Z(+ a&= 73a#=&6+ ?(`( The nueca
coputaton o tuuent ows, Cop. Meth. n App. Mech. and
Eng., 3, 1974. pp. 269-289.
21. A%&+ "(-7(+ a&= A%P2j8&%;+ 9(5( A pessue-eoct
souton stateg o copesse ow and ts appcaton to
shock/ounda-ae nteacton usng second-oent
tuuence cosue, . Fuds Eng., 115, 1993. pp. 717-725.
196
22. A( ];a&=!#( e en neues oesste de
ausgedeten tuuenz, ach. Akad.ss. oettngen, pp. 6-
19, 1945.
23. <#2/D+ ?(>( 1998. :$;b$#%&2% 9/=%##&6 l/; >"?". 2nd
edton, DC Industes, Inc.
24. CCC(a&P4PP/#$!/&P(;$(
25. j!!3n11$%&!(2/m(
26. j!!3n11$%&!$P%;P(2/m(

venoe nspanne
Ba1ypnn ner n1anLeanv,
Ba1ypnn nkonan n1anLeanv,
a1aeea anepnn nkonaeanv

GAMBIT

FLUENT
enoe nocone
epak1opckan opao1ka
oHnLk1epnan aepc1ka .. a1ypnn
oaepc1ka
opnncano a nea1L r. opHa1 60x84 1/16.
yHara oqce1nan. ea1L oqce1nan.
cn. ne. n. . cn. kp.-o11. . e.n. .
npa aks. akas . -/2007
aHapcknn rocypapc1aennLn
aapokocHnecknn ynnaepcn1e1.
443086 aHapa, ockoackoe uocce, 34.
sp-ao aHapckoro rocypapc1aennoro
aapokocHneckoro ynnaepcn1e1a.
443086 aHapa, ockoackoe uocce, 34.
198