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com

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3..........................................................................................................
10...................................................................................
10...........................................................................................
10................................................................................................
19....................................................................................
19...........................................................................................
20.........................................................................................
21...............................................................................
26................................................................
31.............................................................

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:
(16 8

(16 8
r) 10

10

10

10

r)

10

10) r

:r 2
(16 8

4
.

3 :8 2
4 :16 2
:2 8

:2 16
.

:r 8

:r 16

:
10

000

0000

001

0001

010

0010

011

0011

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100

0100

101

0101

110

0110

111

0111

1000

1001

10=A

1010

11=B

1011

12=C

1100

13=D

1101

14=E

1110
1111

15=F

(1*20) +(1*21) +(1*22)+(1*23)+(1*24)+(1*25)=47

(1047)10 (10000010111)2
(101111)(74) 10
7

10
(65)2=(101111)
(65)7=(47)102=(101111)
( ) (10) (2)
(2f)16=(65)7

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(2f)=(00101111)2=(47)10=(47)10=(65)7
(2) (10)

()

(65)7=(2f)16
(65)7=(47)10=(00101111)2=(2f)16
(6*72)+(3*71)+(4*70)=319
10 2
2 10
8 2
2 8
16 2
2 16
(8

10

8 10

(10

10 8

(16 2

10

16 10

(10 2

16

10 16
2

(421,75)10=(110100101,11)2
,75*2=1,5
5

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10

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,5*2=1
(4c,db)16=(114,666)8
2
2
2

))((
2

0+0=0

0+1=1

2
1+0=1

1+1=0

1
2
0-0=0

1110001

1-0=1

- 0011110

1-1=1

1010011

0-1=1

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www.mspsoft.com

0011000100
110001110111: 1
110001111000: 2

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www.mspsoft.com

32 16 8

:
:

dx cx bx ax

.
:ax
AL

AH
:Bx
.

Bx

BH BL

.
:Cx
shift

shift
2

CH CL

:Dx
DH DL

16

:((segment))
.

4
:(cs)

(1
.

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:(DS)

(2

.
:(SS)

(3

:(ES)

(4

.
:

ofset

:
ss
.

ofset

:((BP))Base pointer(1

offset

:((SP))Stack pointer(2

BP

SS SP

:((SI))Sours Index(3

:((PI))Pestiration Index(4

:((Instation pointer)):IP

offset
.

CS IP
:

.
9

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15

14

13

12

11
O

10
D

9
I

8
T

7
S

6
Z

4
A

2
P

0
C

:((carvy))C
CF

shift

:((Direction))B
shift

shift
DE

:((parity))P
.

shift

:((Auxiliaxu carry))A
.

:((zero)) Z

:((Sign))S
1
1

((Tyap))T
.
1

:((interrupt))I
.

:((over flow))O
.
10

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:
(4

(3

(2

(1
(5

(1
(2
.
.

(3
:

(! @ ...)

9 0

B A

]
]

>[

11

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<

][

><

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Segment
Proc fo
End p
End s
End

Segment
End s

Proc

for
.
End p

:
CSassume:

assume
DS:

ES:

DB

SS:

:(DB)
db

my name''dbstr

:
:
5,4,3Dbp

12

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255Db R
)

dw
dw

:(dw)
:

(
:

6500dwh
:

32

: (dd)
dd

db, dw, dd

:Dup

Dup

.
200

P1 dw 200 Dup(0)
:

10000

70

P2 db 70 dup ("x")
:

P3 db 80 dup ("+-")
: z db 12 dup (7 dup ('*') , 8 dup ('+'))
.

12

8
EQU

:
EQU

: z EQU 12
13

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T dw 120
Z EQU t
:

:mov
2
:

TEXE EQU

,1

Mov

:
TEXT EQU

Name TEXT EQU 'artemis'

:
dw db

Place 1 db ?

Place 2 dw ?
.
eax

ecx

Moveax , ecx
bx

Mov ds , bx
Mov place1 , dh
Mov ax, 40
Movch , place1
Mov cx , ds

14

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Mov place2 , ds

:1

:2
.

:3
:

dd dw db
.
al

count

:
.

Count dwzoh
Mov al, count error
p2 p1

25 15

2
.

Stksg segment stack

Db 32 dup ('stack')
Stksg ends
Datasg segmentpara 'data'
P1 dw 15
P2 dw 25
15

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Datasg ends
Wdesg segmentpara 'coda'
Main proc for
Assume ds: datasg, cs: wdesg, ss: stksg
Mov ax, datasg
Mov ds, ax
Mov ax, p1
Movbx, p2
Mov p1,bx
Mov p2, ax
Mov ax, 4c00h
Int z1h
Main endP
Wdesg ends
End main
:
LAE <

:LEA
>, <

>
:

Table db 25 dup (?)

Onebytedb ?
16

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LEA bx, table

Mov al, [bx]
Movonebyte, al
.

2
.
.

bx

al

bx
.

table

onebyte

al

:
.

100h

100h

LEA
:

mov
bx

table

Movbx, offset table

Movbx, offset table = LEA bx, table
:
.

.1
:
Mov ax, 50
Mov P,30h

17

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16

30h

50

ax

.2
:
Mov ax, cx
Mov dx, p
Mov cl, 20h

ax

.3
Mov ax, [si]

:xchg
2

,1

Xchg

P db 25
Mov c1, 10
Mov ah, 20
Xchg c1, ah
Xchg ah, p
.
.

xchg

:1

:2

:DEC & INC

18

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www.mspsoft.com

:INC
.

:DEC
:

L1 dw 10
L2 db 15
Mov ax, L1
Inc ax
Dec L2
f2 f1

25 20

:
.

Stksg segment stack

Db 32 dup ('stack')
Stksg ends
Datasg segmentpara 'data'
F1 dw 20
F2 dw 25
Datasg ends
Codesg segmentpara 'lode'
Main proc for
Assume ds: datasg, cs: codesg, ss: stksg
19

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Inc f1
Inc f2
Mov ax, 4c00h
Int 21h
Main endP
Codesg ends
End main
40 30 20 10
bl bh
.

al ah

bh, bl, ah, al

bl al

bh ah

Stksg segment stack

Db 32 dup ('stack')
Stksg ends
Datasg segmentpara 'data'
P1 db 10
P2 db 20
P3 db 30
P4 db 40
Help db ?
Datasy ends
Codesg segmentpara code
20

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Main proc for

Assume ds: datasg, cs: codesg
Mov ax, datasg
Mov ds, ax
Mov al, p1
Mov ah, p2
Movbl, p3
Movbh, p4
Mov help, al
Mov al, ah
Mov ah, help
Mov help, bl
Movbl, bh
Movbh, help
Inc ah
Incbh
Dec al
Dec bl
Mov ax, 4c00h
Int 21h
Main endP
21

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Codesg ends
End main

:
(0,79)

(0,0)

(17,39)

(24,79)

(24,0)

:
16
(

00H

) 0000

) 0000

07H

) 0000

) 0111

87H

) 1000

) 0111

0fH

) 0000

) 1111

70H

) 0111

) 0000

F0H

) 1111

) 0000

01H
22

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0000

0001

www.mspsoft.com

:
0

10

11

12

13

14

15

:
23

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16

IRGB
00H

) 0000

71H

) 0111
(

A8H
F4H

(
(

14H

IRGB
(

) 0000
(

) 1010

) 0001

) 1000

) 1111

) 0100

) 0001

) 0100

jp cs
.
.

jp cs
.

2
.1

.2

:
.1
.2
.
.

Bios Dos
24

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:
.

.
:
Int

10h

6h

6h :

10h :
6h :AH
:AL
:CH
:CL
:DH
:DL
:BH

BH

DL

DH

CL

CH

AL

AH

14h

79

24

25

6h

Stksg segment stack

Db 32 dup ('stack')
25

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Stksg ends
Datasg segmentpara 'code'
Main proc for
Assume cd: codesg
Mov ah, 6h
Mov al, 25
Movch, 0
Mov cl, 0
Mov dh, 24
Mov dl, 79
Movbh, 0
Int 10 h
Mov ax, 4c00h
Int 21h
Main endP
Codesg ends
End main
.
Stksg segment stack
Db 32 dup ('stack')
26

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Stksg ends
Datasg segmentpara 'code'
Main proc for
Assume cd: codesg
Mov ah, 6h
Mov al, 12
Movch, 7
Movcl, 10
Movdh, 19
Mov dl, 79
Movbh, 0
Int 10h
Mov ax, 4c00h
Int

21h

Main endP
Codesg ends
End main

10h

2h
2H :AH

27

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:DH
.

:DL
.

:BH

.
.

21h

9h
.

$
.

$
!

Stksg segment stack

Db 32 dup ('stack')
Stksg ends
Datasg segmentpara 'data'
Msgdb 'Hello' , "$"
Datasg ends
Codesg segmentpara 'code'
Main proc for
Assume ds: datasg , cs: codesg
Mov ax, datasg
Mov ds, ax
28

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Mov ah, 2h
Mov dh, 15
Mov dl, 60
Movbh, 0
Int 10h
Mov dx, offset msg
Mov ah, 9h
Int 21h
Mov ax, 4c00h
Int 21h
Main endP
Codesg end s
End main

:
02h

21h
.

01h
21h

:21h

AL
29

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1h

www.mspsoft.com

2h

DL

8h

AL
.

09h

Dx
.
.

Ds

0Ah

:4ch
:

Stksg segment

stack

Db 32 dup("stack")
Stksg ends
Datasg

segment

para 'data'

Msg1

db 'enter a character;',"$"

Msg2

db 'you typed',"$"

Help

db?

Datasg ends
Codesgsegment para
Main proc
Assume

ds:datasg,cs:codesg

Movax,datasg
Movds,ax
30

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Mov

ah,2h

Mov

ah,20

Mov

dl,35

Mov

bh,0

Int

10h

Mov

ax,offsetmsg1

Mov

ah,9h

Int
Mov
Int

21h
ah,1h
21h

help

Movhelp,al

Mov

ah,2h

Mov

db,25

Mov

db,35

Mov

bh,0

Int

10h

Mov

dx,offsetmsg2

Mov

ah,9h
31

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Int

27h

Movdl,help
Mov
Int
Mov

ah,2h
21h
ax,4cooh

Int

21h

Main

end p

Datasg
End

ends
main
:

:
Stack[

Code[
Page[[

]
],[

]]

:
:

60

:title
((
32

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))

www.mspsoft.com

:
ADD<

>,<

>

SUB<

>,<

>
:

Stksg

segment
Db

Stksg

stack

64

dup("stack")

ends

Datasg

segment

Byte1

db

64

Byte2

db

40h

Byte3

db

10h

word1dw

4000h

word2dw

2000h

word3dw

1000h

datasg

ends

codesg
mianproc

segment

para 'data'

para 'code'

for

assumeds:datasg,cs:codesg
mov

al, Byte1

movbl, Byte2
33

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add

al, Byte3

add

byte1,bl

add

bl,10h

add

byte1,25h

mov

ax, word1

movbx, word2
sub

ax, bx

sub

ax, word3

sub

word1, bx

subbx, 1000h
sub

word1,256h

mov

ax, 4cooh

int

21h

main

end p

codesg
end

ends
main
mul

Imul
:
Mul
Imul
34

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Ax

(
.

<

Jmp

>

35

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(1

Je Jz.

(2 jne Jnz.
(3 jne Jnb.
(4 jae Jnba

(5 jb Jnae
(6 jbe Jna .
:
Cf,zF (3

zf (2

Cf (6

zF (1

cf (5

cf (4
:

je (1

Jz.

jne (2 Jzn.
jg (3 Jnle.
jge (4 Jnl.
jl (5
jle(6

Jnge .
Jng.
36

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:
Zf,sF,oF (3

zf (2

zf (1

zF,sF,oF (6

sF,oF (5

sF,oF (4
:

Jcmz

cn
Jc)

jb( cf

Jnc

cf

Jo

of

Jno

of

jp Jpe

Pf

jnp Jpo

Pf

Js

Sf

Jns

Sf

:
String

Max
37

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Len
datasg segment paro data
msg1 db enter a string , $
mag2db you enter ed: , $
str list lable byte

max

db.20

lendb ?
buffer db 20 dup ( )
dolardb

datasg

ends

codesg

segment para

code

mainpreo far
assume ds: data sg , es : code sg

mov ax , data sg
mov

ds , an

38

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Buffer :

www.mspsoft.com

mov ah ,6h
mov al , ?5
movch , 0
mov cl , 0
mov ah , 24
mov
dl , 79
movbh , 7

mov dh , 10
mov

dl , 30

movbh , 0
intint , 10 h

lendn , msg 9
mov ah , 9h
int

21 h

39

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www.mspsoft.com

mov

ah , 0 ah

lendn , str list

int . 21 h
mov ah , 2h
mov dh , 12
mov dl , 30
lea .bn , buffer
mov .bh , 0
int

10h

mov ah, 0
leadn , msg 2
mov ah , 9h
int . 21h

mov , cl , 0
p1 :mov dl , [bn]
40

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mov ah , 2h
int . 21h
intbn
int

cl

cmp cl , len

jw z . p1
mov an , 4c00h
int 21h
main

end p

codesg end s
end main
:

Movch , 0
Mov cl , l , en
Sub cl , l
Add bm , cn
41

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Mov cl , 0
Movdl , (bm]
Mov ah , 2h
Int 21h
Int

cl

Dec bn
Cmp cl , len
Jnz . p1
Movam , 4c00h
Int

21h

Ch2

Ch1

Ch1
42

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Ch1

Ch2
:

Data sg segmentpara data

Msg1 db enter a string , $
Msg2 db result : , $
Msg3 db enter a character : , $
Msg4 db enter a charactre2 : , $
Ch . 1 db ?
Ch . 2 db ?
String lable .byte
Man db z0

ch1 = z
ch2 = p

lendb ?
buffer db 20 dup ( )
dolerdb $
datasg ends
codesg segment para code
main procfar
assume ds : data sg . csg : code sg
mov an , data sg
43

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Ch2

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mov ds , an
mov ah , 6h
mov al , 25
mov ah , 0
mov cl , 0
mov dh , 74
mov dl , 79
movbh , 7
int

10 h

mov

ah , 2h

mov

dh , 10

mov

dl , 30

movbh , 0
int

10 h

leadn , msg1
mov

ah , 9h
44

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int

21 h

mov

ah , 0ah

movdn , str list

int

21 h

mov

ah , 2h

mov

dh ,10

: IF
Cmp sum, 65
Jnl

P1
.
.
.
45

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Jmp

end-if

P1
End if
: chtSwi
Cmp choice, 1
Je L1
Cmp
Je
Cmp
Je
Jmp

choice, 2
L2
choice, 3
L3
L4

L1: choice=1
Jmp L5

91

46

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