Cơ Sở Dữ Liệu SQL Server

C S D LIU SQL SERVER
V Song Tng
Vin in t - Vin thng

1. CC KHI NIM C BN
Thng tin v
cc Khoa v
cc Kha hc
Thng tin v
sinh vin

1. CC KHI NIM C BN
Thng tin v
sinh vin ca
lp 2A Khoa
in t

1. CC KHI NIM C BN
C s d liu (CSDL): Tp hp cc d liu ca mt h
thng thng tin, c lu tr theo mt cung cch nht
nh c th x l bng my tnh in t.
MS Access, SQL server, MySQL, Oracle
H qun tr (HQT) CSDL: Tp hp cc chng trnh,
thut ton thao tc trn CSDL.
Kin trc ca CSDL:
Gm 3 mc: vt l (physical), khi nim (logical) v
khung nhn (view)

2. SQL SERVER

2. SQL SERVER

2. SQL SERVER

2. SQL SERVER

2. SQL SERVER

2. SQL SERVER
Chy Query

2. SQL SERVER

3. CC BNG D LIU (TABLES)


Min Kiu
Kch thc
(byte)
C php Hng
S nguyn tinyint 1 0 255
smallint 2 32,768 32,767
int 4 2,147,483,648 2,147,483,647
bigint 8 2
63
... 2
63
1
S thc real 4 3.4010
38
3.4010
38
decimal 5, 9, 13, 17 decimal(18, 2)
float 4, 8 1.7910
308
1.7910
308
Ngy/Gi time '00:00:00.0000000' '23:59:
59.9999999'
date '0001-01-01' '9999-12-31'
datetime 8 '1753-01-01 00:00:00.000'
'9999-12-31 23:59:59.997'
Tin t money 8 2
63
/ 10000 ... (2
63
1) / 10000
Hnh nh image

Min Kiu
Kch thc
(byte)
C php Hng
Chui k t char S k t ch nh char(10) 'abc'
varchar Ph thuc d liu varchar(5) 'abc'
nchar S k t ch nh nchar(2) N'TVT'
nvarchar Ph thuc d liu nvarchar(10) N'TVT'
text Ph thuc d liu
Boolean bit 0, 1, 'True', 'False'

Tham kho: http://www.connectionstrings.
com/Articles/Show/sql-server-data-type-reference



Create Table Khoa
(
KhoaID int Primary Key Identity(1, 1),
TenKhoa nvarchar(50)
)
Go
Create Table Lop
(
LopID int Primary Key Identity(1, 1),
KhoaID int,
KhoaHoc tinyint,
TenLop nvarchar(10)
)
Go
Create Table SinhVien
(
SHSV int Primary Key,
Ho nvarchar(20),
Ten nvarchar(10),
NgaySinh date,
LopID int
)
Go









Thm d liu:
INSERT INTO tn_bng VALUES (dy gi tr)
INSERT INTO tn_bng (dy cc trng) VALUES (dy gi tr)
INSERT INTO tn_bng SELECT
Chnh sa d liu:
UPDATE tn_bng
SET tn_trng_1=gi_tr_1
[, tn_trng_2=gi_tr_2,]
WHERE iu_kin_ph_hp
Xa d liu:
DELETE FROM tn_bng WHERE iu_kin_ph_hp

5. KHUNG NHN (VIEWS)
Mnh WHERE

Biu thc Ton t V d
So snh >, <, =, >=, <= KhoaID=1
Ph nh NOT NOT KhoaID=1
Logic v AND KhoaID=1 AND LopID=2
Logic hoc OR KhoaID=1 OR KhoaID=2
Kim tra chui LIKE TenLop LIKE NTVT%
Trong khong BETWEEN AND NgaySinh BETWEEN 1994-1-1 AND
1994-12-21
Kim tra NULL IS NULL LopID IS NULL
BI TP:
To bng Mon(MonID, TenMon, SoHT)
MonID s nguyn
TenMon cha c nhiu nht 50 k t
SoHT s nguyn (ln nht l 20)
To bng BangDiem(SHSV, MonID, Diem)
SHSV s nguyn
MonID s nguyn
Diem s nguyn (ln nht l 100)

BI TP:
Nhp d liu cho bng Lop:
Xa cc lp ca kha 2

BI TP:
Nhp s liu cho bng SinhVien t danh sch sau:
t ngy sinh ca sinh vin c SHSV = 20090178 l ngy
03/11/1994

4. S LIN KT (DIAGRAMS)










Create Table Khoa
(
KhoaID int Primary Key Identity(1, 1),
TenKhoa nvarchar(50)
)
Go
Create Table Lop
(
LopID int Primary Key Identity(1, 1),
KhoaID int,
KhoaHoc tinyint,
TenLop nvarchar(10),
Foreign Key (KhoaID) References Khoa (KhoaID)
)
Go
Create Table SinhVien
(
SHSV int Primary Key,
Ho nvarchar(20),
Ten nvarchar(10),
NgaySinh date,
LopID int,
Foreign Key (LopID) References Lop (LopID)
)
Go

BI TP:
To cc bng Mon v BangDiem nh bi tp 3 vi lin kt
gia SinhVien v BangDiem qua trng SHSV, lin kt gia
Mon v BangDiem qua trng MonID.
Nhp d liu cho cc bng Khoa, Lop v SinhVien nh bi tp
3. t KhoaID cho cc lp. Chia sinh vin vo cc lp ca
kha 2.
Nhp bng mn hc gm Ton (4 hc trnh) v C s d liu
(3 hc trnh).
Nhp im ca 2 mn trn cho tt c sinh vin.





SELECT [tin_t] { * | bng.* | [bng.]tn_trng_1 [AS
nh_danh_1] [, [bng.]tn_trng_2 [AS nh_danh_2] [,
...]]}
FROM
tn_bng [, ...]
[WHERE iu_kin_ph_hp ]
[GROUP BY tn_trng [, ] ]
[HAVING iu_kin ]
[ORDER BY tn_trng [ASC | DESC] [, ] ]

Thnh phn M t
tin_t
Mt trong cc tin t: ALL, DISTINCT, hoc TOP(N). Dng tin t
ch ra s lng bn ghi c chn. Mc nh l ALL.
*
Ly tt c cc trng ca bng (hoc cc bng).
bng
Tn ca bng cha trng c chn.
tn_trng_1,
tn_trng_2
Tn ca trng c chn. Trong trng hp cc trng c
lit k r th th t cc ct s l th t cc trng trong danh
sch.
nh_danh_1,
nh_danh_2
Tn hnh thc. Dng lm tiu ca mt ct trong table.
tn_bng
Tn bng d liu

Ton t JOIN ON
Danh sch sinh vin c phn lp (km theo tn lp)

Lop
LopID
TenLop
SinhVien
SHSV
Ho
Ten
NgaySinh
LopID
SELECT SinhVien.*, Lop.TenLop
FROM
SinhVien INNER JOIN Lop ON SinhVien.LopID = Lop.LopID
Ton t JOIN ON

Danh sch tt c sinh vin (km theo tn lp)
FROM
SinhVien LEFT JOIN Lop ON SinhVien.LopID = Lop.LopID
FROM
Lop RIGHT JOIN SinhVien ON SinhVien.LopID = Lop.LopID
hoc:
Cc hm x l nhm

Hm M t
COUNT m s lng
SUM Tnh tng
MIN Tm gi tr nh nht
MAX Tm gi tr ln nht
Cc hm x l nhm

Danh sch cc lp c nhiu hn 60 sinh vin
SELECT Lop.LopID, Lop.TenLop
FROM
SinhVien INNER JOIN Lop ON SinhVien.LopID = Lop.LopID
GROUP BY Lop.LopID, Lop.TenLop
HAVING COUNT(*) > 60
Danh sch im trung bnh trong bng im ca sinh vin
SELECT BangDiem.SHSV, SUM(BangDiem .Diem * Mon.SoHT)/SUM(Mon.SoHT) AS DiemTB
FROM
BangDiem INNER JOIN Mon ON BangDiem.MonID = Mon.MonID
GROUP BY SHSV
Ly gi tr im nh nht ca bng im
SELECT MIN(Diem) FROM BangDiem
BI TP:
To view vi tn viewDuoiTrungBinh gm SHSV, MonID lit
k nhng mn thi c im di 5 ca sinh vin;
To view vi tn viewTamDung lit k SHSV ca nhng sinh
vin c tng s hc trnh ca tt c cc mn thi vi im di
5 ln hn hoc bng 20
Lit k danh sch sinh vin b tm dng bao gm SHSV, H
tn, tn khoa, tn lp, kha hc

BI TP
To CSDL c s logic nh hnh bn.
To view ChiTietNhap, ChiTietXuat
(Phn bit nhp xut bng trng
NhapXuat: True nhp, False
xut)
Thc hin cng tc bo co:
Lit k nhng mt hng bn ht
Tnh tng doanh thu
Tnh li
Lit k 5 mt hng bn c nhiu nht
Lit k 5 mt hng c li cao nht
Tnh ton li s lng tn kho
Nhp d liu cho cc bng v kim tra
kt qu

Hang
HangID
TenHang
HoaDon
SoHoaDon
Ngay
NhapXuat
SoHoaDon
GiaNiemYet
TonKho
ChiTiet
SoLuong
DonGia
HangID

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