INTRODUCTION The Educational Technology 1 course has truly paved the way for the learner to become aware, appreciative and equipped to use educational technology tools ranging from traditional to modern educational media. CONTENT In this course, learners are oriented towards averting the dangers of dehumanization which technology brings into societies. There are areas where learners are oriented with and needs to be aware of: - Ideological propaganda - Pornography - Financial fraud - Other exploitative used of technology If the learners would not be aware of these areas, these will continue to affect peoples and cultures, and would give gap between poor and rich countries. ET- 1 has something to apply which is necessary for instruction. 1. Setting of learning objectives 2. Designing specific learning experiences 3. Evaluating the effectiveness at the learning experiences 4. Revision as needed of the whole teaching- learning process
REFLECTION Lets meet the rapid and changes of technology. This lesson could help each individual to enhance their knowledge about the modern technology that we had. And it is a big challenges for us an education student to implement this new technology to our future student. To be aware of these latest innovation so that in the future we could use it in our teaching. Aside from traditional here comes now the new trends of instructional materials that we could use.
LESSON 2: An Overview: Educational Technology 2
INTRODUCTION Concerned of: Integrating Technology into Teaching and LearningThe meaning of which is putting together technology into teaching and learning so that these will become one in learners education. To specify- focused on introducing, reinforcing, supplementing, and extending the knowledge and skills to learners so that they can become exemplary users of educational technology. CONTENT ET-2 will involve a deeper understanding of the computer as well as hands- on-application of computer skills. To infuse technology in the student-teacher training, helping learners to adapt and meet rapid and continuing technology changes in information and communication technology (ICT) environment. The course objectives are: - To provide education in the use of technology in instruction; - To impart learning experiences in instructional technology supported instructional planning; - To acquaint students on information technology; - To learn to use and evaluate computer-based educational resources; - To engage learners on practical technology; and - To inculcate higher-level thinking and creativity among students. REFLECTION This course allows us to experience new things like learning by doing. We use technology in teaching so that there will be interactive class discussion. We will able to differentiate that it has a great impact on their learning. As future educator I will make sure that to use media in my lesson would be suited to my learning objectives. And I will see to it that students will learn from it.
LESSON 3: EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION
INTRODUCTION It is really necessary that there should be state policies and strategies in the use of technology especially in educational institutions on a country it is because these serves as guiding principles for educators how to go about in the adoption of these technologies. We all know that we are now on the computer age and the use of information and communication technology (ICT) is almost applicable in all aspects of our lives. But not all of us knew the importance of these technologies and how to go about it. Therefore, the infusion of which should start in the schools, more particularly to the students curriculum. CONTENT Most of the countries in the Asia Pacific Region (Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, etc.) already adopted their own policies and had created an educational technology environment in their schools. They equipped them with facilities and venue for the facilitation of learning to students and even to teachers. Teachers are given trainings in the use of these facilities as well as with the core skills and competencies in the use of ICT in their classroom discussions. The state policies for these technologies differ from one country to another depending from their culture and geographical locations or as the need for it may arise and/or the usefulness of which in the capacity building of their nation. But generally, most of the countries around Asia Pacific find it a need to really institutionalize the use of technology in their respective countries as evident to their state provisions and policies. In other words, they find it crucial to infuse technology in the minds of the people so that they can compete with other countries around the pacific and the world. They know they can boom their industries through the use of technology. REFLECTION This lesson would help us realize and motivate ourselves with what the other countries are doing with their information technology. The real essence of this topic depends on how the learning apply what theyve learned in this lesson. Since we are here living in a less developed countries and we all know that we are far behind with the technology. In spite of it still the government has programs being implemented so that our education can be globally competitive.
Lesson 4: Basic Concepts on Integrating Technology in Instruction INTRODUCTION It has been a long time issue as to how to integrate technology in the teaching-learning process. The mere use of computer does not mean that technology is already integrated in the instruction. A need to provide learning on how educational technology can be applied and integrated in the teaching-learning process is very crucial. According to Pisapia (1994) in her definition of integrating technology with teaching is that there is integration if the learning technologies are use to introduce, reinforce, supplement, and extend skills. CONTENT Here are external manifestations of technology integration into instruction: - Theres a change in the way classes are traditionally conducted. - The quality of instruction is improved to a higher level in such a way that could not have been achieved without educational technology. - There is planning by the teacher on the process of determining how wand when technology fits into the teaching-learning process. - The teacher sets instructional strategies to address specific instructional issues/problems. - The use of technology provides the opening of opportunities to respond to these instructional issues/problems. In sum, technology occupies a position (is a simple or complex way) in the instructional process. There is actually nothing to be worry about for teachers who are still novices in technology integration because learning how would really take time. Technology integration into instruction is developmental and takes a gradual road to mastery and expertise. In time, a teacher can advance from basic integration to more complicated integrations. REFLECTION As part of the worldwide recognition of the potential impact of the computer on education, teachers eagerly seek information on how computer applications can be used directly address the primary curricular goods. In order to integrate instructional technologies in the curriculum. Meaningfully, it is important for the teachers to know what the predominant learning theories are and how the computer applications can be integrated in relation to these learning theories.
Lesson 5: State-of-the-Art ET Application Practices INRODUCTION We are all aware of the speedy turn-over of technology advancement and upgrading technologies now-a-days. In this advancement and upgrading of technology, educators today should become more aware and active in adopting state-of-the-art educational technology practices for them to ride on in the system and development of technology. CONTENT There is this certainty that our schools audiovisual aids may not even apply in this modern day computer hardware and software in todays technology advancement for the reason that we are fun of investing and not on adopting the development and advancement of the upgraded technology. As it is said dont invest in technology hardware or system that may become a white elephant in a few years time. We need to adopt upgraded technology for greater computer literacy and competency as well. REFLECTION Now that technology is pervasive. There are changes also that occur that what is the latest now will be obsolete in quite a while. So it is good to buy expensive gadget if you have the money, and which could be important to you. A new trend in technology becomes also our fashion. Those who cannot afford to buy are those people who are poor. With these the gap between poor and rich are being distinguish For me, I will never that too luxurious especially in buying such technology. .
Lesson 6: IT Enters a New Learning Environment INTRODUCTION The four conceptual models namely Meaning Learning, Discovery Learning, Generative Learning and Constructivism are useful in achieving instructional goals through preferred application of educational technology. With these conceptual models, we shall see how effective teachers best interact with their students in innovative learning activities while integrating technology to the teaching-learning process.
CONTENT Meaningful Learning This gives focus to new experience that is related to what the learner already knows. A new experience departs from the learning of a sequence of words or memorization through rote memory but gives attention to meaning. It assumes that: - Students already have some knowledge that is relevant to new learning - Students are willing to perform class work to find connections between what they already know and what they can learn. In the learning process, the learner is encouraged to recognize relevant personal experiences. A reward structure is set so that the learner will have both interest and confidence, and this incentive system gives positive reinforcement to learning. Discovery Learning In discovery learning students perform tasks to uncover what is to be learned. New ideas and new decisions are generated in the learning process, regardless of the need to move on and depart from organized set-off activities. In discovery learning, it is important that the student become personally involved and not subjected by the teacher to procedures he/she is not allowed to depart from. In applying technology, the computer can present a tutorial process by which the learner is given key concepts and the rules learning are directly presented for receptive type of learning. But aside from that, the computer has other uses. In a computer simulation process, for example, the learner himself is made to identify key concepts by interacting with a responsive virtual environment. The learner thus discovers the concepts from the experience the virtual environment provides. Generative Learning In generative learning we have active learners who attend to learning events and generate drawing from this experience and draw inferences thereby creating a personal model or explanation to the new experience in the context of existing knowledge. Generative learning is viewed as different from the simple process of storing information for motivation and responsibility is said to be crucial to this domain of learning. Examples of this in the area of language comprehension are activities such as writing paragraph, summaries, developing answers and questions, drawing pictures, creating paragraph titles, organizing ideas/concepts, and others. In sum, generative learning gives emphasis to what can be done with the pieces of information not only just an access to them .Constructivism In constructivism, the learner builds a personal understanding through appropriate learning activities and a good learning environment. The two accepted principles are: - Learning consists of what a person can actively assemble for himself and not what he can receive passively. - The role of learning is to help the individual live/adapt to his personal world. - With these two principles in turn lead to three practical implications: - The learner is directly responsible for learning. He creates personal understanding and transforms information into knowledge. The teacher plays an indirect role by modeling effective learning, assisting, facilitating, and encouraging learners. - The context of meaningful learning consists in the learner connecting his school activity with real life. - The purpose of education is acquisition of practical and personal knowledge, not abstract or universal truths.
REFLECTION An unfortunate misconception about the use of IT in schools is that teachers in the future will become redundant, their teaching functions largely replaced by sophisticated teaching machine. Teachers fearing that scenario need just relax; if anything, their role in the teaching and learning process which incorporates technology will become even more important. Teachers who integrate IT into their instruction have important roles to play at all stage of the lesson process.
LESSON 7: IT for Higher Thinking Skills and Creativity INTRODUCTION The traditional information absorption model of teaching is that the teacher is the one who organizes and presents information to student-learners. He/she may use the chalkboard, videotape, newspaper or magazine and photos. Then the presentation is followed by a discussion and the giving of assignment. But a new challenge has arisen for todays learners and this is not simply to achieve learning objectives but to encourage the development of students who can do more than receive, recite and apply the knowledge they have acquired. Today students are expected not only to be mentally excellent, but also flexible, analytical and creative. CONTENT THINKING SKILLS FRAMEWORK Complex Thinking Skills Sub-skills Focusing Defining the problem, goal/objective- setting, brainstorming Information gathering Selection, recording of data of information Remembering Associating, relating new data with old Analyzing Identifying idea constructs, patterns Generating Deducing, inducting, elaborating Organizing Classifying, relating Imagining Visualizing, predicting Designing Planning, formulating Integration Summarizing, abstracting Evaluating Setting criteria, testing idea, verifying outcomes, revising
REFLECTION When evaluating an educational resource for its instructional worth, it is important to look beyond its faade and to look at it very carefully in relation to the tasks it was supposed to address. Educational resources should deliver on the task or it should support sound pedagogical practices. The resource should also be stimulating, interesting and motivating so that learners will be encouraged to use the educational resource. All efforts will be wasted if the educational resource chosen cannot capture and hold the learners attention.
LESSON 8: Higher Thinking Skills through IT-Based Projects INTRODUCTION The Four Types of IT-Based Projects I. Resource-based Projects In these projects, the teacher steps out of the traditional role of being a content expert and information provider, and instead lets the students find their own facts and information. Only when necessary for the active learning process does the teacher step in to supply data or information. The general flow of events in resource-based projects are: 1. The teacher determines the topic for the examination of the class (e.g. the definition of man) 2. The teacher presents the problem to the class. 3. The students find information on the problem/questions. 4. Students organize their information in response to the problems/questions. II. Simple Creations Students can also be assigned to create their software materials. Of course, there are available software materials such as Creative Writer (by Microsoft) on writing, KidWork Deluxe (by Davidson) on drawing and painting, and Media Weave (by Humanities software) on multimedia). In developing software, creativity as an outcome should not be equated with ingenuity or high intelligence. Creating is more consonant with planning, making, assembling, designing, or building. Creativity is said to combine three kind of skills/abilities: - Analyzing- distinguishing similarities and differences/ seeing the project as a problem to be solved. - Synthesizing- making spontaneous connections among ideas, thus generating interesting or new ideas. - Promoting- selling of new ideas to allow the public to test the ideas themselves. III. Guided Hypermedia Projects The production of self-made multimedia projects can be approached in two different ways: 1. As an instructive tool, such as in the production by students of a power- point presentation of a selected topic. 2. As a communication tool, such as when students do a multimedia presentation (with text, graphs, photos, audio narration, interviews, video clips, etc. To simulate a television news show. IV. Web-based Projects Students can be made to create and post webpages on a given topic. But creating webpages, even single page webpages may too sophisticated and time consuming for the average student. It should be said, however, that posting of webpages in the internet allows the students (now the webpage creator) a wider audience. They can also be linked with other related sites in the internet. But as of now, this creativity project may be too ambitious as a tool in the teaching-learning process. REFLECTION Managing an IT learning environment is not very different from managing students in a regular classroom. The basic classroom management principles still apply. Sometimes if the software is especially exciting, students becomes so engrossed in it that managing them is not a problem at all. However, if the activities are poorly designed or the software used is boring or not challenging, then managing the students can be a problem.
LESSON 9: Computer as Information and Communication Technology INTRODUCTION Through computer technology, educators saw the amplification of learning along with computer literacy. Much Like reading, the modern student can now interact with computer messages; even respond to questions or to computer commands. Again like writing, the learner can form messages using computer language or program. CONTENT Some computer-assisted instruction (CAI) was introduced using the principle of individualized learning through a positive climate that includes realism and appeal with drill, exercises that uses color, music and animation. The novelty of CAI has not waned to this day especially in the basic education level as this is offered by computer-equipped private schools. But the evolving pace of innovation in todays Information Age is so dynamic that within the first decade of the 21 st century, computer technology in education has matured to transform into an educative information and communication technology (ICT) in education. The Personal Computer (PC) as ICT Until the nineties, it was still possible to distinguish between instructional media and the educational communication media. Instructional media consist of audio-visual aids that served to enhanced and enrich the teaching-learning process. Examples are the blackboard, photo, film and video. On the other hand, educational communication media comprise the media of communication. For example, the distance learning was implemented using correspondence, radio, television, or the computer satellite system. Close to the turn of the 21 st century, however, such a distinction merged owing to the advent of the microprocessor, also known as the personal computer (PC). This is due to the fact that the PC user at home, office and school has before him a tool for both audio-visual creations and media communication. REFLECTION It should be obvious that in the last few years, there have been tremendous developments in the capabilities of computer hardware and software, as well as whole computer systems. Computers are faster, costs are lower software is more powerful and easier to use, these trends are likely to continue for the foreseeable future. These changes will naturally alter the skills which teachers need to have to be considered computer competent.
LESSON 10: The Computer as a Tutor INTRODUCTION The computer is one of the wonders of human ingenuity, even in its original design in the 1950s to carry out complicated mathematical and logical operations. With the invention of the microcomputer (now also commonly referred to PCs or personal computers), the PC has become the tool for programmed instruction.
CONTENT Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) The computer can be a tutor in effect relieving the teacher of many activities in his personal role as a classroom tutor. It should be made clear, however, that the computer cannot totally replace the teacher since the teacher shall continue to play major roles of information deliverer and learning environment controller. Even with the available computer and CAI software, the teacher must: - Insure that the students have the needed knowledge and skills for any computer activity. - Decide the appropriate learning objectives - Plan the sequential and structured activities to achieve objectives. - Evaluate the students achievement by ways of tests of the specific expected outcomes. Today, educators accept the fact that the computer has indeed succeeded in providing an individualized learning environment so difficult for a teacher handling whole class. This is so, since the computer is able to allow individual students to learn at their own pace, motivate learning through a challenging virtual learning environment, and assist students through information needed during the learning process. REFLECTION Through mans ingenuity he has able to create the computer, a wonderful tool or machine that accepts information from a built-in device, processes the information and transfers the process result to an output device. Computer can perform the same operations million of times in exactly the same way tirelessly and without getting irritated like a normal human being. It stores vast amount of information and is able to recall them.
Lesson 11: The Computer as the Teachers Tool
INTRODUCTION Constructivism was introduced by Jean Piaget (1981) and Bruner (1990). They gave stress to knowledge discovery of new meaning/concepts/principles in the learning process. Various strategies have been suggested to foster knowledge discovery, among these, is making students engaged in gathering unorganized information from which they can induce ideas and principles. Students are also asked to apply discovered knowledge to new situations, a process for making their knowledge applicable to real life situations. CONTENT The psychologist Vygotsky stressed that learning is affected by social influences. He suggested the interactive process in learning. A more capable adult (teacher or parent) can aid or complement what the learner sees in a given tasks or project. In addition, John Dewey sees language as medium for social coordination and adaptation. For Dewey, human learning is really human languaging that occurs when students socially share, build and agree upon meanings and knowledge. The Computers Capabilities I nformative Tool The computer can provide vast amounts of information in various forms, such as text, graphics, sound, and video. Even multimedia encyclopedias are today available on the internet. Communication Tool The computer has been used in communication as evident by social networking sites as to facebook, twitter and friendster. We can even chat/talk friends and families anywhere in the globe through yahoo messenger or the one in facebook or view them through the webcam. We can send messages and information through the internet in just seconds or minutes. Constructive Tool The computer itself can be used for manipulating information, visualizing ones understanding, and building new knowledge. The Microsoft Word computer program itself is a desktop publishing software that allows users to organize and present their ideas in attractive formats. Co-constructive Tool Students can use constructive tools to work cooperatively and construct a shared understanding of new knowledge. One way of co-construction is the use of the electronic whiteboard where students may post notices to a shared document/whiteboard. Students may also co-edit the same document from their homes. Situating Tool By means of virtual reality (RS) extension systems, the computer can create 3-D images on display to give the user the feeling that are situated in a virtual environment. A flight simulation program is an example of a situating tool which places the user in simulated flying environment. REFLECTION The computer and the other media are integral part of the instructional process. Once the objectives have been determined, the teacher decides on what experiences and media type to use in the instructional process. The pre-test and post test result will the teacher guide in determining the effectiveness of the instructional process. Depending on the results, the teacher may later his methods, media; or objectives in order to achieve the desired learning outcomes.
Lesson 12: Information Technology in Support of Student-Centered Learning INTRODUCTIOn The idea of student centered learning is not a recent idea. In fact, as early as the 20 th century, educational educators such as John Dewey argued for highly active and individualized pedagogical methods which place the student at the center of the teaching-learning process. CONTENT The Traditional Classroom It may be observed that classrooms are usually arranged with neat columns and rows of student chairs or desks, while the teacher stands in front of the classroom or sits behind his table. This situation is necessitated by the need to maintain classroom discipline, also allows the teacher to control classroom activities through lecture presentation and teacher-led discussions. The SCL Classroom John Dewey has described traditional learning as a process in which the teacher pours information to student learners, much like pouring water from a jug into cups. This is based on the long accepted belief that the teacher must perform his role of teaching so that learning can occur. This learning approach is generally known as direct instruction, and it has worked well for obtaining many kinds of learning outcomes. The problem with it is that the approach in learning, however, is the fact that the worlds societies have began to change. It may not be felt strongly to countries in which on countries who depends mostly their economy to factory workers. Traditional and direct instruction is very useful in these countries. In contrast, industrialized societies we find knowledge-based economies in which workers depend on information that can be accessed through information and communication technologies (ICTs). Desiring to gain effectiveness, efficiency and economy in administration, schools in these developed economies have also adopted the support of ICTs. Their students have now become active not passive learners, demonstrating independence and self-awareness in the learning process. REFLECTION Student centered learning environment have a heightened advantage over the traditional teacher centered, subject centered environment. In that they provide complimentary activities, interactive in nature, enabling individuals to address their own learning interest and needs and move forward into increasingly complex levels of context to further their understanding and appreciate subject matter.
Lesson 13: Cooperative Learning with the Computer INTRODUCTION The creativity of the teacher would have to respond with the situation, and so cooperative learning will likely be the answer to the implementation of IT supported learning in our school. But the situation may not be that bad since there are motivational and social benefits to cooperative learning and these can compensate for the lack of hardware that educators face. CONTENT Cooperative or collaborative learning is learning by small groups of students who work together in a common learning task. It is often also called group learning but to be truly cooperative learning, 5 elements are needed: 1. common goal 2. interdependence 3. interaction 4. individual accountability 5. social skills
Cooperative Learning and the Computer Researchers have made studies on the learning interaction between the student and the computer. The studies have great value since it has been a long standing fear that the computer may foster student learning in isolation that hinders the development of the student's social skills. Now this mythical fear has been contradicted by the studies which show that when students work with computers in groups. REFLECTION Cooperative learning offers an attractive avenue for teachers to help their students learn more effectively. However, this is not to suggest that cooperative learning will produce greater learning in all situations. The teachers need to be creative and adaptive when using any of the suggested cooperative learning methods. Accordaing to the principles of teaching, learning is a social activity. There is cooperative and collaborative learning that should take place so that there is interaction. We learn best being with others.
LESSON 14: THE SOFTWARE AS AN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE INTRODUCTION Its more difficult to realize, however, that the computer hardware can hardly be useful without the program or system that tells what computer machine should do. CONTENT There are two kinds of software: 1. THE SYSTEM SOFTWARE 2. THE APPLICATION SOFTWARE
INSTRUCTIONAL SOFTWARE can be visited on the internet or can be bought from software shops or dealers. The teacher through his school should decide on the best computer-based instructional (CBI) materials for the schools resource collection. REFLECTION Using this software that have mentioned this lesson are all useful in enhancing the creativity and skills of the learner. The software that can be downloaded in any sites in the internet are useful but be careful in choosing the program that will be presented in the class, there are some programs that are attractive on the eye but it does not contain a 100% correct content.
LESSON 15: UNDERSTANDING HYPERMEDIA INTRODUCTION From the educational technology 1 course, the student has already become aware of multimedia or an audio visual package that includes more than one instructional media (means of knowing) such as text, graphics, audio animation and video clip. CONTENT The presentation of information-learning activities in hypermedia is said to be sequenced in a non-linear manner, meaning that the learner may follow his path of activities, thus providing an environment of learner autonomy and thinking skills. CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPERMEDIA APPLICATION 1. LEARNER CONTROL means the learner makes his own decisions on the path, flow or events of instruction. a. LEARNER WIDE RANGE OF NAVIGATION ROUTES. For the most part, the learner control the sequence and pace of his path depending of his ability and motivation.
b. VARIETY OF MEDIA. Hypermedia includes more than one media (text, graphics, audio, video clip) but does not necessarily use all types of media in one presentation.
REFLECTION Hypermedia application offer cognitive opportunities in the learning environment, in the form of enhanced learner control, a wide range of navigation routes and a larger variety of media. However, these cognitive opportunities are based on the assumption that learners posses the learning strategies, prior knowledge and attitudes to work through the hypermedia application independently.
LESSON 16: THE INTERNET AND EDUCATION INTRODUCTION The internet, also simply called the NET is the largest and far flung-network system-of-all-systems. Surprisingly, the internet is not really a network but a loosely organize collection of about 25,000 networks accessed by computer on the planet. It is astonishing to know that no one owns the internet. It has no central headquarters, no centrally offered services, and no comprehensive online index to tell users what information is available in the system. CONTENT GETTING AROUND THE NET The vast sea of information now and the internet, including news and trivia, is an overwhelming challenge to those who wish to navigate it. THE VIEW OF EDUCATIONAL USES OF THE INTERNET Today, even elementary school graders in progressive countries like the United States are corresponding via e-mail with pen pals in all 50 states. This educational activity prodded by their schools are paying dividends from increasing the pupils interest in Geography to a greater understanding of how people live in large cities and other places in the United States or the world.
REFLECTION The internet can offer teachers a lot of resources, communication capabilities, instructional activities and a wealth of ideas on how to improve lessons. Teachers can find a lot of useful resources on the internet which they can profitably use in their instruction. However, using the internet it can greatly enhance your teaching resource, if you know what you are doing. You should know your limitations. Have some privacy of your files or data. Importantly, be disciplined in using internet.
LESSON 17: EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 2 PRACTICUM INTRODUCTION Educational technology 2 offers student the experiential process of adapting to technology integration within a student-centered paradigm. This is the practicum phase of the course which can be done, as seen fit by the teacher, either at the end of the more theoretical lessons or inserted between lessons. CONTENT The practicum phase consist of hands-on computer tutorials which the student teacher or professional teacher-trainee will need to make him/her capable. The essential requirements for the ET 2 practicum phase will be: - A computer laboratory/special computer classroom - Participation of computer lab tutor/assistant - Assigned number of hours in conformity with the course
The practicum phase consist in: BASIC MICROSOFT WORD (6hrs) The tutorials familiarize each individual learner to the basics of Microsoft word. They will learn to use menus, and toolbars of the software. MICROSOFT POWERPOINT (6hrs) The tutorial is a familiarization on the basics of Microsoft powerpoint. It will train the learner to prepare powerpoint presentations to enhance the teaching of subjects. INTERNET AS TOOL OF INQUIRY (4hrs) The tutorial will facilitate the finding of sources of information appropriate to a learning task. REFLECTION We should embrace technology into the teaching and learning process so that we may not be far behind with those progressive countries especially in terms of education. Educational technology 2 promises to bring the student teacher and the professional teacher trainee to the challenge of a new age-integrating technology in the teaching-learning process. The brisk pace of technology advancement and innovation continues, but ET 2 is a preparation to bring our teachers to move ahead with their use of technology in the classroom.