The _____________________________ Stages of Genocide

Dr. Gregory Stanton Genocide Watch

The 8 Stages of Genocide
Understanding the genocidal process is one of the most important steps in
_____________________________ future genocides.
The Eight Stages of Genocide were first outlined by Dr. Greg Stanton, Department of
_____________________________: _____________________________.
The first _____________________________ stages are Early _____________________________:
_____________________________

Symbolization
_____________________________

Organization
_____________________________

Preparation
Stage 1: _____________________________
_____________________________ versus _____________________________
Distinguish by _____________________________, ethnicity, _____________________________, or
_____________________________.
Bipolar societies (_____________________________) most likely to have genocide because no
way for classifications to fade away through _____________________________ _____________________________.

Classification is a primary method of dividing _____________________________ and creating a

_____________________________ struggle between _____________________________.
Classification (_____________________________)
_____________________________: Classification

Promote _____________________________ identities (national, religious, human.)

Use common _____________________________ (Swahili in Tanzania, science, music.)
Actively _____________________________ racist and divisive _____________________________
and _____________________________.

Stage 2: Symbolization
Stage 2: Symbolization (_____________________________)
Symbolization (_____________________________ Germany)
_____________________________ = pink _____________________________

Identified homosexuals to _____________________________ guards in the

_____________________________

Caused discrimination by fellow _____________________________ who shunned homosexuals

Symbolization (_____________________________)
People in the Eastern Zone, near _____________________________, were accused of having
_____________________________ bodies, but _____________________________ heads.
They were deported to other areas to be _____________________________ to
_____________________________.
They were marked with a blue and white checked _____________________________
(_____________________________)
_____________________________: Symbolization

Get ethnic, religious, racial, and national identities _____________________________ from ID

cards, _____________________________.
_____________________________ imposition of marking symbols on targeted groups (yellow

cloth on _____________________________ in Taliban _____________________________).

Protest negative or racist _____________________________ for groups
(_____________________________,_____________________________, etc.) Work to make them
culturally _____________________________.
_____________________________ _____________________________

One group denies the humanity of another group, and makes the
_____________________________ group seem _____________________________.
Dehumanization _____________________________ the normal human revulsion against
_____________________________.
Dehumanization

Hate _____________________________ in speeches, print and on hate radios

_____________________________ the victim group.
Members of the victim group are described as _____________________________,
_____________________________, and _____________________________. Hate
_____________________________, Radio Tlvision Libre des Mille Collines, during the
_____________________________ genocide in _____________________________, broadcast anti_____________________________ messages like kill the _____________________________ and If this
disease is not treated immediately, it will destroy all the _____________________________.
Dehumanization invokes _____________________________ of one group and
_____________________________ of the other.
Dehumanization _____________________________ murder by calling it ethnic
_____________________________, or _____________________________. Such
_____________________________ hide the horror of mass murder.
Prevention: Dehumanization
Vigorously protest use of _____________________________ words that refer to people as
filth, vermin, animals or diseases. Deny people using such words
_____________________________ and freeze their foreign _____________________________ and
contributions.
Prosecute hate _____________________________ and incitements to commit
_____________________________.
_____________________________ or shut down hate _____________________________ and television

stations where there is danger of genocide.

Prevention: Dehumanization
Provide _____________________________ for tolerance to _____________________________, TV, and
newspapers.
Enlist religious and political leaders to _____________________________ out and
_____________________________ for _____________________________.
Organize inter-_____________________________, _____________________________, and inter_____________________________ groups to work against _____________________________ and
genocide.
Stage 4: _____________________________
Genocide is a _____________________________ crime, so must be _____________________________.

The _____________________________ usually organizes, _____________________________ and

financially supports the groups that conduct the genocidal _____________________________.
(State organization is not a legal requirement --Indian partition.)
Plans are made by _____________________________ for a final solution of genocidal killings.
Organization (_____________________________)
Hutu _____________________________ elites armed youth _____________________________ called
Interahamwe ("Those Who Stand _____________________________).
The government and Hutu Power businessmen provided the militias with over
_____________________________ machetes and other arms and set up camps to train them to
_____________________________ their villages by _____________________________ every
_____________________________.
_____________________________: Organization

Treat genocidal groups as the _____________________________ _____________________________

groups they are. Make membership in them _____________________________ and demand
that their leaders be _____________________________.
Deny _____________________________ to leaders of hate groups and freeze their foreign
assets.
Impose arms _____________________________ on hate groups and governments supporting
ethnic or religious hatred.
Create UN commissions to enforce such arms embargoes and call on UN members to
arrest arms merchants who violate them.
Stage 5: Polarization
_____________________________ drive the groups apart.

Hate groups broadcast and print _____________________________ propaganda.

Laws are passed that _____________________________ intermarriage or social interaction.
Political moderates are _____________________________, threatened and intimidated, and
killed.
_____________________________

Attacks are _____________________________ and blamed on targeted groups.

In Germany, the _____________________________ fire was blamed on
_____________________________ Communists in 1933.

Cultural _____________________________ of targeted groups are attacked.

On _____________________________ in 1938, hundreds of synagogues were burned.
Prevention: Polarization
Vigorously protest laws or policies that _____________________________ or marginalize groups,
or that deprive whole groups of _____________________________ rights.
Physically _____________________________ moderate leaders, by use of
_____________________________ guards and armored vehicles.
Demand the release of moderate leaders if they are arrested. Demand and conduct
_____________________________ if they are murdered.
Oppose coups _____________________________ by _____________________________.
Stage 6: _____________________________
Members of victim groups are forced to wear identifying symbols.
Death _____________________________ are made.
Victims are _____________________________ because of their ethnic or religious identity.
Preparation
_____________________________ into _____________________________ is imposed, victims are forced

into _____________________________ camps.

Victims are also deported to famine-struck regions for _____________________________.
Preparation
_____________________________ for killing are stock-piled.
_____________________________ camps are even built.

This build- up of killing capacity is a

major step towards actual genocide.

Prevention: Preparation
With evidence of death lists, arms shipments, militia training, and trial massacres, a
Genocide _____________________________ should be declared.
UN _____________________________ Council should warn it will act (but only if it really will
act.)
_____________________________ must warn potential perpetrators.
_____________________________ relief should be prepared.

_____________________________ intervention forces should be organized, including logistics

and financing.
Stage 7: Extermination (_____________________________)
_____________________________ begins, and becomes the mass killing legally called

"_____________________________." Most genocide is committed by _____________________________.

Although most genocide is sponsored and _____________________________ by the state, the
armed forces often work with _____________________________ militias.
Extermination: Stopping Genocide
_____________________________ organizations, _____________________________ governments, and

the UN Security Council should impose targeted _____________________________ to undermine

the economic viability of the perpetrator regime.
Sales of _____________________________ and imports of _____________________________ should be
stopped by _____________________________ of ports and land routes.
_____________________________ should be indicted by the International Criminal
_____________________________.

Extermination: Stopping Genocide

The UN Security Council should authorize armed _____________________________ by regional
military forces or by a UN force under Chapter _____________________________ of the UN
Charter.
The _____________________________ must include protection of civilians and
humanitarian workers and a No Fly Zone.
The Rules of _____________________________ must be robust and include aggressive
prevention of killing.
The major military powers must provide _____________________________,
_____________________________, airlift, communications, and financing.
If the state where the genocide is underway will not permit entry, its UN
membership should be _____________________________.
Stage 8: _____________________________
Denial is always found in genocide, both during it and after it.
Continuing denial is among the surest indicators of further genocidal massacres.

Denial _____________________________ the crime of genocide to future generations of the

victims. It is a continuation of the intent to destroy the group.
The _____________________________ of denial are predictable.
Denial: Deny the _____________________________.
Deny that there was any _____________________________ killing at all.
_____________________________ and _____________________________ the statistics.

Block access to _____________________________ and _____________________________.

_____________________________ or kill eye-witnesses.

Denial: Deny the _____________________________

_____________________________ the evidence. (_____________________________ the bodies and the

archives, dig up and burn the mass graves, throw bodies in rivers or seas.)
Denial: Attack the _____________________________ -tellers.
Attack the _____________________________ of the truth-tellers. Say they are opposed to the
religion, ethnicity, or nationality of the deniers.
Point out _____________________________ committed by people from the truth-tellers group.
Imply they are morally disqualified to accuse the perpetrators.
Denial: Deny Genocidal _____________________________.
Claim that the deaths were _____________________________ (due to famine, migration, or
disease.)
Blame out of _____________________________ forces for the killings.
Blame the deaths on ancient ethnic _____________________________.
Denial: Blame the _____________________________.
Emphasize the strangeness of the victims. They are not like us. (savages, infidels)
Claim they were disloyal insurgents in a war.
Call it a __________________________________________________________, not genocide.
Claim that the deniers group also suffered huge _____________________________ in the war.
The killings were in self-_____________________________.
Denial: Deny for current interests.

Avoid upsetting the peace process. Look to the _____________________________, not to the
_____________________________.
Deny to assure benefits of relations with the perpetrators or their
_____________________________. (oil, arms sales, alliances, military
_____________________________)
Dont threaten _____________________________ assistance to the victims, who are receiving
good treatment.
Denial: Deny _____________________________ fit legal definition of genocide.
Theyre crimes against _____________________________, not genocide.
Theyre ethnic _____________________________, not genocide.
Theres not enough _____________________________ of specific intent to destroy a
group, as such. (Many _____________________________!-UN Commission of Inquiry
on _____________________________.)
Claim the only real genocides are like the _____________________________: in
whole.
(Ignore the in part in the Genocide Convention.)
Claim declaring genocide would legally obligate us to intervene. (We dont want to
intervene.)
Preventing Genocide
By Dr. Gregory Stanton
Copyright 2007 Gregory Stanton

Why has the UN _____________________________ stopped genocide ?

Genocide succeeds when state _____________________________ blocks international
_____________________________ to protect.
The UN represents _____________________________, not _____________________________.
Since founding of UN:
Over _____________________________ genocides and politicides
Over _____________________________ million dead
Genocide prevention

_____________________________ resolution

Prevention requires:
Memorial to _____________________________ Rwandans murdered,
April July, 1994

Halabja, Kurdistan, Iraq

Memorial to _____________________________ killed in chemical attack 16 March 1988.
182,000 Kurds died in Anfal genocide.
Prevention: Political Will
Build an international mass movement to end genocide in this century.
Organize civil society and human rights groups.
Mobilize religious leaders of churches, mosques, synagogues, and temples.
Put genocide education in curricula of every secondary school and university in the
world.
Hold political leaders accountable. If they fail to act to stop genocide, vote them
out of office.
Never Again? Or _____________________________ and _____________________________?
How can we use the 8 Stages of Genocide to develop more effective ways to prevent
genocide in the future?
Would it be useful for the UN to establish a Genocide Prevention Center to work with the
Special Adviser for Genocide Prevention?
Even with Early Warning, how can we achieve effective Early Response to prevent and
stop genocide?