1. Ethnic groups: a community or population made up of people who share a common cultural background or descent.

2. Religious groups: set of individuals whose identity as such is distinctive in terms of common religious creed, beliefs,
practices, traditions, and - or rituals.
3. Arab Ethnic group: They primarily inhabit Western Asia, North Africa, parts of the Horn of Africa, and other areas in the
Arab world. Arabic groups which inhabit to the Arabian plate and Arabic speaking people include the Lebanese, Syrians,
Emiratis, Qataris, Saudis, Bahrainis, Kuwaitis, Iraqis, Omanis, Jordanians, Palestinians, Yemenis, Sudanese, Algerians,
Moroccans, Tunisians, Libyans and Egyptians.
4. Ashanti ethnic groups: Mainly found in Ghana and Ivory Coast. Prior to European colonization, the Ashanti people
developed a large and influential empire in West Africa.
5. Bantu ethnic groups: An ethnic group in Africa who speak Bantu languages. They inhabit a geographical area stretching
east and southward from Central Africa across the African Great Lakes region down to Southern Africa.
6. Swahili ethnic group: An ethnic and cultural group inhabiting the African Great Lakes region. Members mainly reside on the
Swahili Coast, in an area encompassing the coastal Kenya, the Tanzania seaboard, and northern Mozambique.
7. Republican system of government in Kenya and South Africa: Kenya: Is a Presidential system, Representative democracy, or republic!

8. Why South Sudan became independent? The main cause of the split of the two countries was that there was one ethnic group
in the northern part and another ethnic group in the south so they had a referendum and 99% voted to be split.
9. What is the difference between Kenya and Sudans education levels including gender? Sudan: Females is a 76% literacy rate
that means that 76% of Sudans women can read and write. Also, there males literacy rate is around 79%. Kenya: Male literacy
rate 84% and female is 83%. The reason for this data is because Sudan is a war torn country so may are probably sacred to
come out of their house because of all of the violence. With Kenya there it is more of a developing country and is closer to a
first world country like America. Also, in both countries the males have a higher literacy rate because females still there do
not have the respect like females do in America.
10. The impact of government stability on distributing resources to fight AIDS. The government highly effects AIDS because if
they put more money out to help and research the AIDS than they would probably find a cure or at least a medication that
would help the people with AIDS. At the way Africas economy is I dont think they will any time soon so people will just keep
getting sick from the AIDS and dyeing unless the government puts more money into researching this bacteria.
11. South Africa's economy. South Africas economy is according to official estimates, a quarter of the population is
unemployed, according to a 2013 Goldman Sachs report, that number increases to 35% when including people who have given
up looking for work. A quarter of South Africans live on less than US $1.25 a day. South Africa has shifted from a primary and
secondary economy in the mid-twentieth century to an economy driven primarily by the tertiary sector in the present day
which accounts for an estimated 65% of GDP or $230 billion in nominal GDP terms. The unemployment rate is very high, at
more than 25%, and the poor have limited access to economic opportunities and basic services. Poverty also remains a major
problem, in 2002 62% of Black Africans, 29% of Colluders, 11% of Asians, and 4% of Whites lived in poverty. So they have an
overall pretty poor economy.
12. Nigeria's economy. Nigerias economy is the country's vast wealth in fossil fuels in order to displace the poverty that affects
about 45% of its population. Economists refer to the coexistence of vast wealth in natural resources and extreme personal
poverty in developing countries like Nigeria as the "resource curse". Although "resource curse" is more widely understood to
mean an abundance of natural resources which fuels official corruption resulting in a violent competition for the resource by
the citizens of the nation. Nigeria's exports of oil and natural gasat a time of peak priceshave enabled the country to post
merchandise trade and current account surpluses in recent years. Reportedly, 80% of Nigeria's energy revenues flow to the
government, 16% cover operational costs, and the remaining 4% go to investors. However, the World Bank has estimated that
as a result of corruption 80% of energy revenues benefit only 1% of the population. In 2005, Nigeria achieved a milestone
agreement with the Paris Club of lending nations to eliminate all of its external debt.
13. How the distribution of diamonds, gold, uranium, and oil affects Africa's economic development. If they equally distribute the
natural resources like these the economy will grow because all the countries will have equal supplies and no one would tower
over another and not many would be suffering from lack of food because everyone will have the same amount.
14. How the European countries portioning Africa did has led to conflicts? This led to large conflict because they put enemy
ethnic groups right next store to each other and when people dont like each other they usually end up flay out killing the
others so they dont have to deal with them.
15. How did nationalism led to independence in South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria? South Africa: Nationalist movement did not
achieve independence until it defeated the Apartheid system in 1994. Kenya: 1920 Became a British Colony
Blacks denied role in politics until 1944.1950s A violent seven year uprising (war) occurred resulting in tens of thousands of
deaths. Black participation began to increase and by 1963 Kenya finally became independent. Nigeria: 1914 Became a British
Colony. There was a peaceful nationalist movement that led to independence between the years 1945 and 1960.
Independence was achieved in 1960. There has been tension and violence among the ethnic groups due to unequal economic
development during the colonial period by the British as well as religious differences.
16. Apartheid in South Africa. Was a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National
Party governments, the ruling party from 1948 to 1994, under which the rights, associations, and movements of the majority
black inhabitants were curtailed and Afrikaner minority rule was maintained.
17. Nelson Mandela. He was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician and philanthropist who served as President
of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was South Africa's first black chief executive, and the first elected in a fully
representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid through tackling
institutionalized racism, poverty and inequality, and fostering racial reconciliation. Politically an African nationalist and
democratic socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) from 1991 to 1997. Internationally,
Mandela was Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999.
18. F.W. de Klerk. He is a South African politician who served as the country's State President from September 1989 to May 1994.
He was the seventh and last head of state of South Africa under the apartheid era. De Klerk was also leader of the National
Party (which later became the New National Party) from February 1989 to September 1997.
De Klerk brokered the end of apartheid, South Africa's racial segregation policy, and supported the transformation of South
Africa into a multi-racial democracy by entering into the negotiations that resulted in all citizens, including the country's
black majority, having equal voting and other rights. He won the Flix Houphouet-Boigny Peace Prize in 1991, the Prince of
Asturias Award in 1992 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 along with Nelson Mandela for his role in the ending of apartheid.
19. Pan-African movement. It is an ideology and movement that encourages the solidarity of Africans worldwide. It is based on
the belief that unity is vital to economic, social, and political progress and aims to "unify and uplift" people of African
descent. At its core Pan-Africanism is "a belief that African peoples, both on the continent and in the Diaspora, share not
merely a common history, but a common destiny.
20. Republic. It is a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an
elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.