Unit 6-Exploration

Unit 6:
Exploration
19.1 Europeans Explore East
Sandra, Sudhish, Rhea
Setting the stage:
~Early 1400s
~The Renaissance encouraged adventure and curiosity.
~This brought together the people from different lands and
would change the world as we know.

Essential Question

What are the 3 major factors of European exploration?

3 Major Factors for Exploration
God,Gold,and Glory
~Was the main reason for European exploration.
~Europeans explored to spread their religion, to gain
wealth and to extend their empire for glory.
1)Seek wealth (new resources)
~ Italians/Muslims controlled trade of goods from the east
to west.
~ This made Europeans want to get a direct source of the
goods by getting a direct route to Asia.

2) Spread of Christianity
~ Desire to spread christianity
~ Believed it was their duty to convert non christians -
christians
~ Bartolomeu Dias - portuguese explorer whose goal is to
have God, Glory, and Gold
3)Technological Advances
~ In the 1200s it was considered impossible to cross the
ocean and return.
~ 1400s shipbuilders - caravel
~navigational techniques - astrolabe, magnetic compass
Portugal leads the way
~ The first to establish trading outposts on the West
Coast of Africa.
The Portuguese Explore Africa
~ 1415 - Prince Henry wanted wealth beyond Europe
(cinnamon, pepper, gold, silk)
~ By 1460 the Portuguese had established trading posts
along the shores of Africa.
~ They traded gold, ivory, and eventually slaves.

Prince Henry(1394-1460)
~Also known as Henry the Navigator*
~He was very focused on the goal to find new land. He
became interested when he helped conquer the Ceuta in
North Africa.
~Son of the King of Portugal
~1419 founded a navigation school for map makers,
instrument makers, ship builders, scientists,and
sea captains to perfect their trade.
Portuguese Sailors Reach Asia
~ The Portuguese believed they would have to sail around
the southern tip of Africa to reach Asia.
~ A Storm blew bartolomeu Diass ship around the tip, to
the other side.
~The captain returned home as the crew was tired and food
supplies were low.
~In 1498, Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama reached the
port of Calicut, on the south western coast of India.
~Vasco da Gama and his crew filled their ships with goods
and recieved a heros welcome when they reached Portugal.
Spanish Claims
~1492, Christopher Columbus convinced Spain to finance his
plan to find a route to Asia by sailing west across the
Atlantic Ocean.
~October of that year Columbus had reached a small island
in the Caribbean, his voyage would open up the process of
European colonization of the Americas.
~Columbus believing it was Asia, made Portugal suspect
that spain had claimed already claimed land of Portuguese.
~Made the rivalry between Spain and Portugal more intense.

Spanish Claims
~In 1493, Pope Alexander VI stepped in to keep the peace
by: suggested an imaginary dividing line(also known as
line of demarcation) , from north to south, through the
Atlantic ocean.
~West of the line is Spains land and east of the line is
Portugals territory.
~Portugal complained that the line gave too much space to
Spain.
~Treaty of Tordesillas(1494): Spain and Portugal signed
the document in which they agreed to honor the line.

Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean
Portugals Trading Empire
~Portugal created a bustling trading empire throughout the
Indian ocean.
~In 1509, Portugal extended its control over the area when
it defeated a Muslim fleet off the coast of India.
~Portugal strengthened its hold on the region by building
a fort at Hormuz in 1514.
~It established control of the straits of Hormuz and
stopped Muslim traders from reaching India.

Portugal's trading empire
~In 1510, the Portuguese captured Goa, a port city on
India's west coast and made it the capital of their
trading empire.
~In 1511, the Portuguese attacked the city of Malacca and
seized control of the strait of Malacca.
~Seizing the waterway gave them control of Moluccas.
~With the help of sea captain Afonso de Albuquerque, the
Portuguese broke the Muslim-Italian dominance over Asian
trade.
~Portugals success in Asia attracted other nations.
Other Nations Drive Out the Portuguese
~1600s English and Dutch began to challenge the
Portuguese power of the Indian Ocean Trade.
~Dutch Republic: Also known as the Netherlands was
controlled by Spain since the early 1500s, In 1581 the
people of the region declared their independence.
~Netherlands became a leading sea power. owned 20,000
largest fleet ships in the world by the 1600s.
~The English and Dutch broke Portuguese control of asian
region.The 2 nations then battled one another for
dominance of the area.

~Each nation had formed their own East India trade and
direct route to Asia.These companies had the power to mint
money, make treaties, and even raise their own armies.
~The Dutch East India Company:richer and more powerful
than England's trade company and as a result they
eventually drove out the English and established their
dominance over the region.
European Trade Outpost
~1619 Dutch seized both the port of Malacca and the
valuable Spice Islands from Portugal.
~Netherlands increased its control over the Indian Ocean
trade and with so many goods from the east going to
Amsterdam, Netherlands capital, making it a leading
commercial center.
~1700s Dutch ruled much of Indonesia and had trading
posts in numerous countries in Asia.
~Dutch also controlled the Cape of Good Hope on the
southern tip of Africa.

~By this time Britain and France had a gained a foothold
in the region.
~the English East India Company focused much of its energy
in establishing outposts in India.
~there, the English built up a successful Business trading
fine cloth on the European market.
~1664, France also entered the Asian trade with its own
East India Company.
~French company struggled at first, because of attacks
from Dutch ,but finally established outpost in
1720's.Never showed strong profit.
~ Europeans battled for a share of the profitable Indian
Ocean trade.
~Their influence in SE Asia was limited
~1500-1800 Europeans began to conquer much of the region
but the people of Asia remained largely unaffected by the
Europeans.
Review Questions?
1.)What type of People went to Prince Henrys navigation
school?

2.)What month did Columbus reach the Caribbean?

3.)What is the name of the document that Spain and
Portugal signed to agree to honor the Line of Demarcation?
Works Cited
Littell, M. (1995). Chapter 19: Age of Exploration and
Isolation. In World History (Vol. Patterns of Interaction,
pp. 463-468). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Pictures:

19.2 China Limits European Contracts
Noah, Emily, Scott
Essential question- How many lands did Zheng explored during his voyage?

Vocabulary
Ming Dynasty(1368-1644)
Hongwu- son of a peasant, won a battle and became emperor. He was
also the first ruler of the ming dynasty.
Yonglo- Emerged victorious from the power struggle after his
father died, Son of Hongwu.
Zheng He- chinese general that explored Asia and Africa.
Manchus- Invaded the Ming dynasty to start Qing dynasty.
Qing Dynasty-(chihing) The name the Manchus took for there
dynasty
Kangxi- Started his rule in 1661 and ruled for 60 years.

Noah, Emily, Scott
The Ming Dynasty
By 1514 China had become the dominant
power
(1368-1644)
The first emperor of the Ming dynasty
was Hongwu.
After the death of Hongwu there was a
power struggle. His son Yonglo came
through this power to become the next
emperor.
During Yonglos emperorship he sent out
the first 7 voyages led by general
Zheng he
He also moved chinas capital to Beijing

Yonglo
Noah, Emily, Scott
Isolation
After the voyage China went into complete isolation
Chinese merchants smuggled goods such as silk and porcelain up and down the
coast
Chinas government did not support trade because:
It offended Confucius believers
Chinese government favored agriculture
Christianity in China
European missionaries came to China to convert people
Matteo Ricci- first missionary to have an impact

Noah, Emily, Scott
Qing dynasty
(1644-1911)
In 1644 the people of Manchus invaded China and took over which started
the Qing dynasty
They kept confucianism and social structure
kangxi- the first Qing dynasty ruler and ruled for 60 years
-He was a patron of the arts and he also lowered taxes
-during the Qing dynasty population almost doubled to 300 million by 1800

Noah, Emily, Scott
Chinese restrict european trade
- Chinese put restrictions on trade
-by 1800 tea was 80% of China's export to Europe

Noah, Emily, Scott
Daily Life in Ming and Qing China
Agriculture payed off during the late Ming and early Quing
dynasties.
There was a high rice production and general peace & prosperity
Population doubled in size
Most families farmed to help the empire

Noah, Emily, Scott
Korea under the Manchus
Before China was conquered Korea had
already been conquered by the Manchus
Kora was known as a little brother to
China.

Noah, Emily, Scott
Work Cited
"Zheng He - The Exploration Nation!" Zheng He - The Exploration Nation! N.p., n.d.
Web. 09 Oct. 2014. <https://sites.google.com/site/theexplorationnation/zheng-he- -
map picture
"Reconstructing Victorian Chinese-Silk Fabric." - Detail from Blue and Gold Silk
Dragon Robe. The Digital Learning Agency, n.d. Web. 09 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.mylearning.org/reconstructing-victorian-chinesesilk-fabric/images/1-
2583/>. - silk picture
"Yongle Emperor." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 July 2014. Web. 09 Oct.
2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongle_Emperor>. - Yonglo picture
"Emperor Kangxi History - Page 1." Emperor Kangxi History - Page 1. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Oct.
2014. <http://www.paulnoll.com/China/Money/I-money-choices-pic1.html>. - Kangxi picture

20.1 Spain Builds an American Empire-
Madelyn, Alex, Madeleine
Source for information: Beck, Roger B. World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL:
McDougal Littell, 2005. Print. (pg 485-486)
http://uncyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/File:Conquistadores.jpg

ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How did Spain conquer people?

Christopher Columbus
1st voyage in 1492

thinking he reached the East Indies

miscalculated where he was, stopped in the Caribbean,
never reaching Asia
o natives were called Taino

claimed the island, named it San Salvador/Holy Savior
o It was my wish to bypass no island without taking
possession

1493, Spanish kings funded his voyage -> 3 more trips

Source: http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/media/christopher-columbus-kids/christopher-columbus-kids_480x360.jpg

Colony
lands that are controlled by another nation
Columbus and others started colonizing America

Source: http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/jamestown.htm

Spaniard conquistadors(conquerors) landed
on Mexicos shores
Spain focused on the American land
First European settlers in the Americas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s

http://harris.whotrades.com/blog/43434983409
Hernando Cortes heard about the wealth of
the Aztecs
Montezume II shared with him half of the
gold
Cortes made them mine for more
Aztecs started a rebellion
http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/montezumas-revenge.html
http://www.alternatehistory.com/discussion/showthread.php?t=158384
Cortes had the help of Native American
groups
Aztecs were defeated
Downside is that new diseases brought by
Spaniards killed hundreds of thousands of
Aztecs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire
Atahualpa
Also known as Atabalipa.
Gained power in 1525.
He gained the kingdom of Quito.
Huascar gained control over the Inca Empire.
Later, he would imprison Huascar and invade Inca.
On November 16th 1532, in Cajamarca, Atahualpa too, was imprisoned.
Source:
"Pizarro Traps Incan Emperor Atahualpa." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 09
Oct. 2014
"CONQUISTA ESPAOLA." : Atahualpa. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Oct. 2014.

Mestizo
Mixture
A person of mixed races.
High population of mestizos in 1600s America.

Source:
"Mestizo." Wikipedia.
Wikimedia Foundation, 10 July
2014. Web. 08 Oct. 2014.
Montezuma II
Also known as Moctezuma 2.
The final Aztec emperor, during the 1500s.
Believing Cortes was a god, he offered half his gold.
Attacked by both Cortes and his own men.
Died in 1520.
Source:

Montezuma II. [Internet].
2014. The Biography.com
website. Available
from:http://www.biography
.com/people/montezuma-ii-
9412612 [Accessed 09 Oct
2014].
Review Questions:
1.Where did Columbus sailed to?
2.What is a colony? Give an example.
3.Who was Montezuma II?
4.What was the result of the Aztec
Rebellion?
5.Who was Atahualpa?
20.2 European Nations Settle North America
Carson, Leah, Annah
Essential Question:

How was North America affected after European nations
settled there?
In 1608, French explorer Samuel de Champlain started a settlement in a
region named Quebec which became New France.
New France became the base of the French Empire in North America
New France expanded into the midwest US and eastern Canada
By 1760 the population was up to 65,000
Population were priests who wanted to convert Native Americans to
Christianity
Fur abundance in US led to more trade of fur goods
Jamestown was an English settlement located in Virginia
Carson, Leah, Annah
Pilgrims and Puritans
Pilgrims were the founders of the colony Plymouth
Settled in North America so they could practice their
religion freely
Puritans settled in North America to break apart from
Englands Anglican Church
Goal of their colony was to set an example community
for other Christians
Colony had many families

Carson, Leah, Annah
French and Indian War:
France and England were long time enemies
The war was was fought by the French and
Indians against British and colonists
This resulted in British winning
Metacom:

Metacom was also known as King Phillip
King Phillip's war was one of the bloodiest battles that colonists and
Native Americans waged
This war was the result of English settlers claiming too much land of
the natives

New Netherlands:
The Dutch were third to go to North America behind the
English and French
They founded the Netherlands through a stretch of time
Dutch claimed the region along the Hudson river, bay,
and strait
That region became known as New Netherland

Carson, Leah, Annah
Five Question Review
1. Why did the Pigrims and the Puritans leave England?
2. What was the goal of the Puritan colony?
3. In Jamestown, what occupation was most of the colony
and what was their purpose?
4. What new good from North America was traded often
during this time?t
5. The region along the Hudson River was known as what?

"Fur Trade in Canada." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web.
<http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F
Fur_trade&h=0&w=0&tbnid=-c9TKWkZhxRF6M&zoom=1&tbnh=188&tbnw=267&docid=fEMtsG-
noDGfZM&tbm=isch&ei=1K42VJv1D7iOsQSkjoD4Ag&ved=0CAoQsCUoAg>.

"New France- the Rise and Fall of the French Empire." View America. Gemini Design, n.d.
Web. 9 Oct. 2014. <http://www.viewamerica.net/art/en-newfrance.html>.
Mansfield, Howard. Boston.com. The New York Times, 31 May 2010. Web. 09 Oct. 2014.
http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2010/05/31/the_ghosts_of_forgotten_battles/
Simon, Michelle. "Remediating the Hudson River." Earth Times. N.p., 2 July 2012. Web. 9
Oct. 2014. <http://www.earthtimes.org/pollution/remediating-hudson-river/2066/>
"The First Thanksgiving and the Story about Why the Pilgrims Came to America."
Conscience Of A Conservative. N.p., Nov. 2010. Web. 9 Oct. 2014. <http://oldironsides-
thesilentmajority.blogspot.com/2010/11/first-thanksgiving-and-story-about-why.html>.
"Cook Forest FRENCH & INDIAN WAR ENCAMPMENT." Pennsylvania Travel & Tourism Guide. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Oct. 2014.
http://www.whereandwhen.com/Articles/Cook%2BForest%2BFRENCH%2B%2526%2BINDIAN%2BWAR%2BENCAMPMENT
20.3 The Atlantic Slave Trade
Sai, Will, Lydia, Alexia
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
HOW HAS THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE
AFFECTED GROWTH IN THE AMERICAS,
EUROPE AND AFRICA?
Background:
Starting from mid-1500 century
Europeans enslaved Africans
for large numbers of people to
work as cheap labor
Americas
Spread of Islam in Africa
increased Slavery:
African rulers
justified enslavement
with Muslim belief
that Non-
Muslims,prisoners of
war could be
bought/sold as slaves
Sai, Wil, Lydia, Alexia
Need for Labour:
European colonists in the Americas force Native
Americans to work on mines and plantations.

As natives began dying from disease, Europeans started
targeting Africans to resupply their labor force.
Atlantic Slave Trade:buying and selling of Africans for
work in Americas
Portuguese were the 1st Europeans (in search of Gold)

Advantages:
Immunity to European Diseases
Experience in Farming
Less likely to escape
(less familiarity of land)
1500-1600: 300,000 Africans--->1700s:1.5
million--->circa 1870:9.5 million
Exchange:
The atlantic Slave Trade
formed a triangle, Slaves
were transported from
Africa to the Americas,
Raw materials (whale oil,
lumber, furs, rice,
tobacco,etc..) were
transported from Americas
to Europe, and finally
Manufactured Goods (guns,
cloth, iron, beer) were
transported from Europe
to Africa.


Triangular Trade: Africans transported to the Americas
part of transatlantic trading network.

Middle Passage: brought captured Africans to the West
Indies and later to North and South Americas.
Was named so because it was considered the middle leg
of the transatlantic trade triangle.

Sickening Conditions:
packed ships
whippings and beatings
diseases
Suicide and death was common

I. A Harsh Life
A. captured slaves were auctioned to the highest
bidder
a) After being sold, slaves worked in mines or
fields or as domestic servants.
b) little food, dreary huts; lifelong and
heredity bondage
II.Resistance and Rebellions
A. Cultural heritage
a)slave kept alive their musical traditions and
stories of ancestors.
A. Resistance
a) slaves learnt to be less productive at work
b) running away
c) Revolts: 1522-revolt in Hispaniola; 1530-
Santa Marta; 1739-Stono Rebellion in SC

Consequences of the Atlantic Slave Trade:
Africa:
lost generations of their fittest members
African families were torn apart
introduction of firearms into the continent to conquer new
territory, spread war and conflict
Americas:
growth of colonies due to labor force
Africans brought expertise in agriculture along with them
Cultural Diffusion- Africans spread aspects of their
culture like art, music, and food
Population: many nations today have substantial
African-American and mixed-race populations.
Timeline:

650-1600: 4.5
million slaves
are transported
to the Muslim
Lands.
1511: Spanish
took an early
lead in
importing
Africans to the
Americas.
1600s: Due to
Brazils domination
in the sugar market,
slave demand grew.
More than 40% of all
Africans (3.6
million) went to
Brazil.
1690-1807: As
colonization grew in N.
America, so did labor
force. England was the
leading carrier of slaves
(~2 million).
Late 1800s:
Atlantic
Slave Trade
ends in the
Americas.
Review questions:
1. What was the plantation on which most slaves were used
to work on?
2. What were three things exported from the Americas to
Europe? Name three things exported from Europe to
Africa?
3. What network is the Triangular Trade part of?
4. When was the first reported slaves to be brought into
the New World?
Citations:
The Atlantic Slave Trade. World History:Patterns of
Interactions. Print.

Images:
www.images.google.com

20.4 The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade
Skyler, Josh, Leslie, Javier
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
I need for you to emphasize favorable balance of trade
what it was and how it worked
How did the Columbian exchange
impact Europe, America, and
Africa?
The Columbian exchange was and cultural and
biological exchange between Europe, Africa,
and Asia to America.It was the exchange of
food, animals,plants,and diseases.

The main crop was tobacco and it was used
for many things. An example is the Native
Americans using it as a medicine.

Columbian Exchange- An interchange of plants, animals, and
disease between the old world and America
Capitalism- an economic system based on private ownership
and the investment of wealth for profit
Joint-Stock Company- a company involving a number of
people pooling their wealth for a common purpose
Mercantilism- a countrys power depends on their wealth
Favorable Balance of Trade- selling more goods than buying
Colonization- An act of setting up in a place other than
where you are born.
Livestock- animals that were used by farmers for food,

Christopher Columbus- Founded America on his
journey to Indonesia.
Francisco Pizarro- A very successful Spanish
conquistador who conquered the Inca
Hernando de Soto- A very unsuccessful
Spanish conqueror who ended finding a
populated town in Mississippi but ended up
destroying the American Indians lives by
giving them small pox, which they were
immune to.


Francisco Pizarro Hernando de Soto Christopher Columbus
1. Which of the
following did the
Americas NOT
receive?
a.Barley
b.Malaria
c.Beans
d.Peaches

2. How did potatoes
and corn affect
England?

3.what disease were
transferred in the
exchange?

4. What is the Commercial Revolution?

5. How did the Europe's society change after the Columbian
Exchange?

Unit 6-Exploration

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