Introduction In this lab, mass and volume were acquired to measure the density of objects through different methods. If the mass and volume of an object are found, then the density can be calculated. Density can be found by dividing the mass and volume of an object. The mass of an object is the amount of matter is contains. Volume is the amount of space an object takes up or occupies. Mass and volume are both known as extensive properties, whereas they depend on the amount of the sample. By dividing mass and volume, density can be found. Density is the ratio of an objects mass and volume. While mass and volume are both extensive properties, density is an intrinsic property. Because it is an intrinsic property, it depends of the type of matter rather than the sample size of the object. Depending on the object, different methods may have to be used to figure out the mass and volume, which was done in this lab. Materials and Methods Wood block Metal cylinder Foam cube Water Baby oil Rubber stopper Glass ball Ruler Digital balance Paper box 10mL graduated cylinder 100mL graduated cylinder
1. A wood block was placed on a digital balance to get the mass. 2. After the mass was recorded, a ruler was used to measure the length, width, and height of the block. Finding Mass and Volume to Measure Density 3
3. Because the block was a rectangle, the formula for finding the volume of a rectangle (LWH) was used to find the volume. 4. The mass and volume were divided to calculate the density of the wood block. 5. All measurements were recorded.
1. A metal cylinder was placed on a digital balance to get the mass. 2. For this object, two methods were used to measure volume. 3. For the first method, the diameter of the cylinder was measured with a ruler and then divided by two to get the radius. 4. The height was measured with a ruler. 5. Because the object was a cylinder, the formula for finding the volume of a cylinder (r 2 h) was used to get the volume. 6. The mass and volume were divided to calculate the density of the metal cylinder 7. For the second method of finding volume, volume displacement was used. 8. A 100mL graduated cylinder was filled with water. 9. The metal cylinder was then dropped into the water. 10. The number that the water was originally filled up to was subtracted by the new number the water was at after the metal cylinder was dropped in to get the volume. 11. The same mass used before was divided by the volume retrieved through volume displacement to calculate the density of the metal cylinder. 12. All results were recorded.
1. A foam cube was placed on a digital balance to get the mass. Finding Mass and Volume to Measure Density 4
2. A ruler was used to measure the length, width, and height of the foam cube. 3. Because it was a cube, the formula for finding the volume of a cube (LWH) was used to find the volume. 4. The mass and volume were divided to calculate the density of the foam cube. 5. All results were recorded.
1. A 10mL graduated cylinder was placed on a digital balance and measured. 2. The graduated cylinder was then filled with water and placed on the digital balance and measured. 3. The mass of the graduated cylinder containing the water was subtracted by the mass of the graduated cylinder alone to get the mass of the water. 4. The rule that 1cm 3 =1mL was applied to obtain the volume of the water. 5. The mass and volume were divided to calculate the density of the water. 6. All results were recorded.
1. A 10mL graduated cylinder was placed on a digital balance and measured. 2. The graduated cylinder was then filled with baby oil and placed on the digital balance and measured. 3. The mass of the graduated cylinder containing the baby oil was subtracted by the mass of the graduated cylinder alone to get the mass of the baby oil. 4. The rule that 1cm 3 =1mL was applied to obtain the volume. 5. The mass and volume were divided to calculate the density of the baby oil. 6. All results were recorded. Finding Mass and Volume to Measure Density 5
1. A rubber stopper was placed on a digital balance to get the mass. 2. To get the volume of the stopper, volume displacement was used. 3. A 100mL graduated cylinder was filled with water. 4. The rubber stopper was then dropped into the water. 5. The number that the water was originally filled up to was subtracted by the new number the water was at after the rubber stopper was dropped in to get the volume. 6. The mass and volume were divided to calculate the density. 7. All results were recorded.
1. A paper box was placed on a digital balance and measured. 2. A glass ball was then placed into the paper box. 3. The paper box with the glass ball inside was placed on a digital balance and measured. 4. The mass of the paper box with the glass ball inside was subtracted by the mass of the paper box alone to get the mass of the glass ball. 5. For this object, two methods were used to measure volume. 6. For the first method, the diameter of the glass ball was measured with a ruler and then divided by two to get the radius. 7. Because the glass ball was a sphere, the formula for finding the volume of a sphere (4/3r 3 ) was used to find the volume. 8. The mass and volume were divided to calculate the density of the glass ball. 9. For the second method of finding volume, volume displacement was used. 10. A 100mL graduated cylinder was filled with water. 11. The glass ball was then dropped into the water. Finding Mass and Volume to Measure Density 6
12. The number that the water was originally filled up to was subtracted by the new number the water was at after the glass ball was dropped in to get the volume. 13. The same mass used before was divided by the volume retrieved through volume displacement to calculate the density of the glass ball. Data Woodblock Mass Length Width Height 38.4 g 8.7cm 4.7cm 2cm
Metal Cylinder Mass Diameter Height 100 mL Grad. Cyl. With Water 100 mL Grad. Cyl. With Water & Cylinder 15.2 g 1.2cm 4.4cm 60mL 65mL
Foam Cube Mass Length Width Height 2.1 g 4.6cm 4.6cm 4.6cm
Finding Mass and Volume to Measure Density 7
Water Mass of 10mL Grad. Cyl. Mass of 10mL Grad. Cyl. with Water Volume 27.1 g 33.09 g 6cm 3
Baby Oil Mass of 10mL Grad. Cyl. Mass of 10mL Grad. Cyl. With Baby Oil Volume 27.03 g 31.52 g 5cm 3
Rubber Stopper Mass 100mL Grad. Cyl. with Water 100mL Grad, Cyl. with Water & Stopper 8.13 g 50mL 55mL
Glass Ball Mass of Paper Box Mass of Paper Box & Ball Diameter 100mL Grad. Cyl. with Water 100mL Grad. Cyl. with Water & Ball 50.4 g 72.6 g 2.5cm 80mL 84mL
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Results Wood Block Mass Volume Density 38.4 g 81.8cm 3 .469 g
The mass of the wood block was measured directly on a digital balance. To get the volume, the formula for finding the volume of a rectangle was used (LWH). The length (8.7), width (4.7), and the height (2) were multiplied together. The mass and volume were divided to get the density.
Metal Cylinder Mass Volume Density Formula 15.2g 4.98cm 3 3.05 g Volume Displacement 15.2g 5cm 3 3.04 g
The mass of the metal cylinder was measured directly on the digital balance. To get the volume, the formula for finding the volume of a cylinder was used (r 2 h). Pi was multiplied by .6 2 and 4.4. The mass and volume were divided to get the density. To find the volume through volume displacement, a 100mL graduated cylinder was filled with 60mL of water. After the metal cylinder was dropped in, the water rose to 65mL. 65 and 60 were subtracted to get the volume. The mass and volume were divided to get the density.
Foam Cube Finding Mass and Volume to Measure Density 9
Mass Volume Density 2.1 g 97.3cm 3 .022 g
The mass of the foam cube was measured directly on the digital balance. To get the volume, the formula for finding the volume of a cube was used (LWH). The length (4.6), width (4.6), and the height (4.6) were multiplied together. The mass and volume were divided to get the density.
Water Mass Volume Density 5.99 g 6cm 3 .998 g
To get the mass of the water, the mass of the 10mL graduated cylinder containing the water (33.09) and the mass of the 10mL graduated cylinder alone (27.1) were subtracted. To get the volume, the rule that 1cm 3 =1mL was applied. The water in the graduated cylinder was filled to 6mL. The mass and volume were divided to get the density.
Baby Oil Mass Volume Density 4.49 g 5cm 3 .898 g
To get the mass of the baby oil, the mass of the 10mL graduated cylinder containing the baby oil (31.52) and the mass of the 10mL graduated cylinder alone (27.03) were subtracted. To get the Finding Mass and Volume to Measure Density 10
volume, the rule that 1cm 3 =1ml was applied. The baby oil in the graduated cylinder was filled to 5mL. The mass and volume were divided to get the density.
Rubber Stopper Mass Volume Density 8.13 g 5c 3 1.626
The mass of the rubber stopper was measured directly on a digital balance. To get the volume, volume displacement was used. The 100mL graduated cylinder was filled with 50mL of water. After the stopper was dropped in, the water rose to 55mL. 55 and 50 were subtracted to get the volume. The mass and volume were divided to get the density.
Glass Ball Mass Volume Density Formula 22.2 g 8.2cm 3 2.707 g Volume Displacement 22.2 g 4cm 3 5.55 g
To get the mass of the glass ball, the mass of the paper box with the ball in it (72.6) and the mass of the paper box alone (50.4) were subtracted. To get the volume, the formula for finding the volume of a sphere was used (4/3r 3 ). 4/3 was multiplied by pi and 1.25 3 . The mass and volume were divided to get the density. To find the volume through volume displacement, a 100mL graduated cylinder was filled with 80 mL of water. After the glass ball was dropped in, the water rose to 84mL. 84 and 80 were subtracted to get the volume. The mass and volume were divided to get the density. Finding Mass and Volume to Measure Density 11
Discussion This experiment was conducted to show how density can be found by mass and volume. Each object was taken and measured in a different way to retrieve the mass and volume. Once the mass and volume were found, the density could then be calculated. Because some of the objects were solids and some were liquids, different methods were used to figure out each and measure density. To calculate the density of an object, mass is divided by the volume. Mass is the amount of matter an object contains. When trying to figure out the mass of a solid, it can be found by simply weighing the object. But when trying to find the mass of a liquid, it is different. Since a liquid cannot be placed on a digital balance the way solids can, a different method must be used. The liquid could be poured into a container and weighed and then be subtracted by the mass of the container by itself. This would provide the mass of the liquid. Just as mass is the amount of matter in an object, volume is the amount of space an object takes up. Volume can either be found through a volume formula or through volume displacement. Mass and volume are both known as extensive properties. Because they are extensive, they depend of the amount of matter present, or the sample size. Density is a physical property of matter that measures the heaviness of an object. It is the ratio of an objects mass and volume. Unlike mass and volume that are extensive properties, density is an intrinsic property. Because it is an intrinsic property, density depends on the type of matter rather than the sample size. Density is very important to understand and can be used for many things. Scientists use density to compare the densities of objects to the density of water to see what objects can float on water and which cannot. Objects that are denser than water will sink and objects that Finding Mass and Volume to Measure Density 12
are less dense than water will float. Knowing and understanding density is highly important in things such as building ships and airplanes and also making pipe systems. Understanding density also enables the ability to clean up oil spills. Although density is very helpful, it is not always constant and tends to change. This is because volume changes with temperature, which means that density varies as temperature changes. Some of the results in the lab were compared to actual proven results to see how accurate they were. In the lab, the density that was measured for water was .998 grams. The actual density of water is 1 gram or somewhere around there. The density measured for baby oil in the lab was .898 grams and the actual density is around 0.8 grams. As you can see, although the results done in the lab were not exactly on point, they were very close. No experimental errors occurred in the lab. What this lab demonstrated is that if the mass and volume of an object are found, then the density can be measured. Some objects require different methods for measuring mass and volume such as volume displacement. Dividing mass and volume provides the density of any object.
Conclusion In this lab, multiple methods and techniques were applied to measure the mass and volume of different objects to calculate the density. Mass, the amount of matter in an object, divided by the volume, the amount of space an object occupies, measures the density of an object. Density is very important to understand, especially for scientists and determining which objects will float and which will not. It is also crucial that some builders understand density for creating things such as ships and airplanes. All results proved to be fairly close to Finding Mass and Volume to Measure Density 13
the actual densities of the objects used in the lab, making it successful. One thing that could be done to improve the experiment would be to provide more objects whose volumes can be found by both a volume formula and volume displacement. This would allow the person performing the lab to be able to compare more and see which method was more effective. Overall, the lab was successful and mass and volume were found for each object to measure the density.
Finding Mass and Volume to Measure Density 14
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Sigma-Alderich. (2014). Mineral Oil. Retrieved from http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/330779?lang=en®ion=US
The University of Memphis: Department of Chemistry. (2013). Mass and Volume. Retrieved from http://www.chem.memphis.edu/bridson/FundChem/T03a1100.htm Wilbrahman, A., Staley, D., Matta, M., Waterman, E. (2012). Pearson Chemistry. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. Finding Mass and Volume to Measure Density