Mendeleev , p.

3
Mendeleev created the Periodic Table
that included all of the elements that
were known in his time.
He put elements with similar properties
together. Example: silver, gold, copper


Because he put elements with similar
properties together, he was able to
correctly predict the properties of
undiscovered elements.
He then left spaces on the table where
he knew that the new elements would be
located.
The modern periodic table is based on
his work.
Luster means shiny
Can be made into a wire.
Can be hammered into sheets
and other shapes.
Can transmit
electricity or heat
to other objects.
The
temperature at
which an element
melts.
Attraction between some metals.
How easily an element reacts with other
elements and compounds.
Easily set on fire.
Gradual wearing away of a metal.
Reactivity
Is the ease and speed with which an element
combines or reacts with other elements and
compounds


Some elements are more reactive than
others.
Sodium and chlorine are so reactive, that
they react with almost anything around them.
They are never found pure in nature.

Sodium in water Sodium in a Pond
Helium is so unreactive that it almost never
makes a compound.
Most elements have a reactivity level that is
in between.

Physical Property
A property that can be observed without
changing the substance into a new material.

Chemical Property
A property that describes how a substance
changes into a new material.
What property is shown
here?

1. flammable
What property is shown
here?







2. lustrous
What property is shown here?
3. ductile
What property is shown here?








4. malleable
What property is shown here?


5. Conducts heat and
electricity
What property is shown here?







6. magnetic
7. Melting point
What property is shown here?

Gallium melts at 85F
Water melts at 0C
Gold melts at 1000C
Oxygen melts at -216C
What property is shown
here?






8. corrosive
What property is shown here?






9. reactive
A class of elements that have physical
properties such as luster, malleability,
ductility, magnetism, and conductivity of
heat and electricity.

Metals have high conductivity (both
heat and electricity).
Metals have high melting points.
Silver melts at 962 C. Unless you heat
it a lot, it will always be found as a solid.


Metals
Color the metal elements.
Nonmetals, p. 6
Definition: Nonmetal properties are
the opposite of metals
They are poor conductors of heat
and electricity.
They are not magnetic
If solid,
they are brittle, not malleable or ductile.
they are dull, not shiny.
They have poor conductivity of heat and electricity
Nonmetals have low melting points. That is why
most are gases at room temperature.
Oxygen melts at 218 C. On Earth, unless oxygen
is in a lab, it will always be found as a gas.



Nonmetals
Chemical properties are so different,
that its in its own group.
It is an explosive gas.
It is on the metals side, but it is a
nonmetal.
Has 1 proton and 1 electron. Some
hydrogen atoms have neutrons.
90% of all atoms in the universe are
hydrogen.
Noble Gases /Inert gases
Usually do not form
compounds, do not react
Compounds can be formed
in a lab.
Found pure in nature in the Earths
atmosphere as single atoms.
They are so unreactive that they
werent discovered until the 1800s.
Used to make neon lights.
They have properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Germanium
Silicon
Boron
Arsenic
They are like nonmetals, because they
are brittle and hard.
They are like metals, because they are
solid, have luster, and can conduct
electricity.
8 elements, found on the zig-zag line.
Use your periodic table to
find the names of these
elements.
Their most useful property is to conduct
electricity under certain conditions
(semiconductor).
Those conditions can be: the temperature
of the semimetal or its exposure to light.

Silicon is a semiconductor used to in computer
microchips.
In other words, no computer games, MP3
players, or cell phones without semiconductors.

90 elements are found on earth; they
are not man-made.
The scientist that discovers an element
gets to name it.
They are often named after people or
places.
Most natural elements are found in
compounds, not as pure elements.
Name three natural elements: __, __,
__
Synthetic elements
Synthetic means artificial or man made
28 synthetic elements
Synthetic elements
Atomic numbers higher than 92 (except 43 &
61)
Synthetic elements are made by particle
accelerators
Particle accelerators create elements by
moving nuclei at high speeds. When two nuclei
crash into each other they create a heavier
element.
Example: Zinc nuclei crashed into lead nuclei
to make element number 112 (Copernicium).
Zinc protons 30 + Lead protons ____ = 112 protons
Radioactive Elements
Some elements have unstable atoms.
The nucleus doesnt hold together well.
The nucleus partially disintegrates or breaks
down.
High energy particles or waves (energy) are
released.
Example: Uranium-238 decays into Lead-206