1LS CI kLAC1ICNS

u4: 1ypes of 8eacuons

Culck 8evlew. hyslcal Changes
uurlng a physlcal change, mauer changes form
WI1nCU1 becomlng a new subsLance
?ou sLarL and end wlLh same subsLance
Lxamples: cumng, freezlng, melung, eLc.
Molecules ln hyslcal Changes
Culck 8evlew. Chemlcal Changes
uurlng a chemlcal change, mauer changes and
becomes NLW subsLance
SLarL and end process wlLh dlerenL subsLances
usually lrreverslble (can'L change back)
Lxamples: burnlng, rusung, mllk golng sour
-Ind|cators that a chem|ca| reacnon has taken
p|ace:
-Change ln LemperaLure
-Lvoluuon of a gas
-lormauon of solld
Change ln smell
-Change ln color
Molecules ln Chemlcal Changes
1he aLoms rearrange
Lo make a nLW
subsLance
C: WhaL are Chemlcal Change?
roducts
1he subsLances produced
aer reacuon Lakes place
keactants
SLarung subsLances
ln a reacuon,
lngredlenLs"
SclenusLs use chem|ca|
reacnons Lo descrlbe Lhese
chemlcal changes!

Chemlcal Changes = 8eacuon
WhaL are Lhe reacLanLs? WhaL are Lhe producLs?

Zn
(s)
+AgnC
3(aq)
! ZnnC
3(aq)
+ Ag
(s)


WhaL are Lhe reacLanLs? WhaL are Lhe producLs?

C
6
P
12(s)
+ 9 C
2(g)
! 6 CC
2(g)
+ 6 P
2
C
(l)


+
!
1ype of
kxn
Descr|pnon Genera|
Lquanon
Lxamp|e
Synthes|s
1wo reacLanLs
come LogeLher
Lo form one
producL
A + 8 ! A8

2 Cu + C
2
! 2 CuC
!
+
1ype of kxn Descr|pnon Genera|
Lquanon
Lxamp|e
Decompos|non 1 reacLanL
breaks aparL Lo
form 2 or
more producLs
A8 ! A +8 2 n
2
CC
3
! P
2
C + CC
2

WhaL ls Lhe relauonshlp beLween synthes|s and
decompos|non reacuons?
1ype of
keacnon
Descr|pnon Genera|
Lquanon
Lxamp|e
Decompos|non
1 reacLanL
breaks aparL
Lo form 2 or
more
producLs
A8 ! A +8 2 n
2
CC
3
! P
2
C + CC
2

1ype of kxn Descr|pnon Genera|
Lquanon
Lxamp|e
SlnCLL
kep|acement
1 elemenL
replaces
anoLher ln a
compound! 1
elemenL ends
up slngle"
A + 8C !
AC + 8
2 Ie + 3 P
2
C

! 3 n
2
+
Ie
2
C
3

+
+
!
WhaL ls Lhe dlerence beLween double replacemenL
and slngle replacemenL?

N| + 2 nC|!n
2
+ N|C|
2

Na
2
SC
4
+8aC|
2
! 2 NaC| + 8aSC
4


1ype of
kxn
Descr|pnon Genera|
Lquanon
Lxamp|e
Doub|e
kep|acement
lons Lrade
parLners, a
preclplLaLe
forms
A8+Cu!
Au+C8
CaCl
2
+2AgnC
3
!Ca(nC
3
)
2
+2
AgCl
!
+
+
1ype of
kxn
Descr|pnon Genera|
Lquanon
Lxamp|e
Combusnon a hydrocarbon
reacLs wlLh C
2

Lo produce CC
2

and P
2
C
hydrocarbon + C
2

! CC
2
+ P
2
C
C
3
P
8
+ C
2
-CC
2
+ P
2
C
+
!
+ CC
2

Lx|t 1|cket
ldenufy Lhe Lype of reacuons:
CaSC
4
+ Mg(CP)
2
--> Ca(CP)
2
+ MgSC
4
C
3
P
6
C + 4 C
2
! 3 CC
2
+ 3 P
2
C
2 Ll + 8r
2
! 2 L|8r
C
3
P
8
+ 3 C
2
! 3 CC
2
+ 4 P
2
C
2 L|8r! 2 Ll + 8r
2
CaCl
2
+ 2 AgnC
3
!Ca(nC
3
)
2
+ 2AgCl
2 le + 3 CuCl
2
! 3 Cu + 2 leCl
3


Warm up
1uesday | CcLober 7, 2014
1. WrlLe ouL Lhe followlng reacuon as an equauon:
nlLrlc acld (PnC3) reacLs wlLh barlum hydroxlde
[8a(CP)2] Lo produce barlum nlLraLe and waLer.
2. WhaL ls Lhe dlerence beLween double and slngle
replacemenL?
3. WhaL does Lhe small number ln a formula mean?
4. ldenufy Lhe Lype of reacuon:
CaSC
4
+ Mg(CP)
2
--> Ca(CP)
2
+ MgSC
4
C
3
P
6
C + 4 C
2
! 3 CC
2
+ 3 P
2
C
8ALANCING LUA1ICNS
unlL 4: Chemlcal 8eacuons
: WhaL are Chemlcal 8xns?

Chem|ca| keacnon
A process LhaL leads Lo Lhe Lransformauon
of one seL of chemlcal subsLances Lo
anoLher

: WhaL are Chemlcal 8xns?
2. 1wo S|des of the Chem|ca| Lquanon
8eacLanLs -
roducLs -

___Ll + ___8r
2
! ___ Ll8r
keactants roducts
What's up w|th the app|es?
We|| now '8out 1hem App|es?!
Chem|ca| keacnons
L|
8r
8r
L| L|
8r 8r
L| !
lor Lhe resL of Loday, we wlll be balanclng
chemlcal equauons.
1hls wlll seem llke a bunch of rules a chemlsL
made up unless you undersLand Lhe followlng
concepLs.
: WhaL are Chemlcal 8xns?
Law of Conservanon of Mass
Chem|ca| reacnons MUS1 8L 8ALANCLD
# of aLoms on Lhe reacLanL slde and Lhe
producL slde musL be LCuAL

8uL how do we counL
Lhe number of aLoms?
: Pow uo We CounL ALoms?
1. Subscr|pts (apply Lo Lhe elemenL lmmedlaLely before lL)
Lx) MgCl
2
#Mg ____ #Cl_____

3
6
Cl
3

: Pow uo We CounL ALoms?
2. Coemc|ents (muluply Lhe enure molecule)
Lx) 2C
6
P
2
#C___ #P____


3
6
Cl
3

: Pow uo We CounL ALoms?
lf Lhere are parenLheses, Lhe subscrlpL muluples
everyLhlng |ns|de Lhe parenLheses
38e(NC
3
)
2



#8e___ #n____ #C____
racnce: Counung ALoms
Pow many aLoms of each elemenL are ln Lhe followlng
molecules?
1. P
2
SC
4
2. Ca(CP)
2
3. naCl
4. (nP
3
)
3
C
4
3. 3P
2
C

Ck, cool.
8u1 PCW uC WL 8ALAnCL
1PLSL 8Au 8C?S????!!!
: Pow uo We 8alance Lquauons?
1o declde lf an equauon ls balanced, compare Lhe number
of aLoms of each elemenL LhaL appear on each slde of Lhe
equauon.
lf Lhe number of aLoms ls equal Lhen Lhe equauon ls balanced, lf
noL equal Lhan Lhe equauon ls noL balanced

C
3
P
8
+ S C
2
! 3 CC
2
+ 4 P
2
C
ls lL balanced?
: Pow uo We 8alance Lquauons?
SLep 1: uraw a llne beLween producLs and reacLanLs
SLep 2: 1ally up aLoms of each elemenL on each slde
SLep 3: Change coemclenLs Lo sLarL balanclng -- !"#"$
&'(!)" *+,*&$-./*0
SLep 4: 8e-calculaLe each ume you change a coemclenL
SLep 3: CnLCk CUk WCkk!
8alanclng Chemlcal 8eacuons
Lx 1:
____n
2
+ ____P
2
! ___nP
3

8alanclng Chemlcal 8eacuons
Lx 2:
___leC ! ___le + ___C
2




lMC81An1 Pelpful PlnLs!!
SLarL wlLh Lhe aLoms LhaL appear only !"#$ on each
slde.
lf lL appears Lwlce, SLl1 1PLn Auu!
keep polyaLomlc lons as CNL LN1I1I!
When you have an even # on one slde and an odd #
on Lhe oLher slde, lL ls helpful Lo change Lhe odd
lnLo an even rsL!
1he besL way Lo learn Lhls ls Lo pracnce.

W|th a partner, ba|ance the fo||ow|ng equanons:
1. ____P
2
+ ____Cl
2
! ___PCl
2. ____le + ____Cl
2
! ___leCl
3
3. ____nC + ____C
2
! ___nC
2
4. ___Ca(nC
3
)
3
+ ___ Cs ! ___ CsnC
3
+ ___ Ca
3. ___na + ___P
2
C ! ___naCP + ___P
2
6. ____ n
2
+ ____ l
2
! ____ nl
3
7. ___na + ___Cl
2
! ___naCl
8. ___Al + ___P8r ! ___Al8r
3
+ ___P
2



kLDIC1ING kCDUC1S
SeL up your noLes "
WhaL ls Lhe dlerence beLween
double and slngle replacemenL?


SINGLL kLLACLMLN1 DCU8LL kLLACLMLN1
na + MgCl
2
!naCl + Mg

naCP + P
2
SC
4
! na
2
SC
4
+ P
2
C

: Pow do we predlcL producLs
(slngle replacemenL)?
Cne e|ement replaces anoLher e|ement
A +8C ! AC +8

L| ls llke 8eyonce.
She wlll always be able Lo geL a daLe
wlLh anoLher elemenL.
Iabba ls llke ng.
Pe can easlly be replaced.
1he Acnv|ty Ser|es of Meta|s
LlemenLs h|gher on Lhe
acnv|ty ser|es can replace
elemenLs |ower on Lhe charL.
Lx: L|th|um (L|) can replace
Mercury (ng)
LlemenLs |ower on Lhe charL
CANNC1 replace elemenLs
h|gher on Lhe charL.
Lx: N|cke| (N|) cannoL replace
Sod|um (Na)


Could Lhls reacuon
occur?

k + 8aCl
2
! 8a + kCl

Why or why noL?
Notes


kl + Ll !
: Pow do we predlcL producLs
(slngle replacemenL)?
S1LS:
1. llnd Lhe slngle meLal elemenL
2. Check Lhe acuvlLy serles
3. lf Lhe reacuon can occur, swap, drop, and chop lL
Lo make Lhe new compound

: Pow do we predlcL producLs
(uouble 8eplacemenL)?
uouble 8eplacemenL: LlemenLs sw|tch |on partner
A8 + CD ! AD + 8C
: Pow do we predlcL producLs
(uouble 8eplacemenL)?
?ou can predlcL producLs lf you follow Lhe genera| equauon.
A8 + CD ! AD + C8
CaCl
2
+ AgnC
3
! Ca(nC
3
)
2
+ AgCl

?ou wlll also have Lo use your 1oL and Lhe po|yatom|c |on
chart to swap, drop, and chop charges
: Pow do we predlcL producLs
(uouble 8eplacemenL)?
naCP + knC
3
!
S1LS:
1. WrlLe Lhe general equauon above Lhe reacuon
2. Swap, drop and chop charges Lo make Lhe
producLs
nALCGLN DISLACLMLN1
WhaL do you know abouL Lhe
acuvlLy serles of meLals?
: Palogen ulsplacemenL?
1he AcuvlLy Serles of Lhe
Palogens
Palogens can replace oLher
halogens ln compounds,
provlded LhaL Lhey are above
Lhe halogen LhaL Lhey are Lrylng
Lo replace.

lluorlne
Chlorlne
8romlne
lodlne
: Palogen ulsplacemenL?
1he AcuvlLy Serles of Lhe Palogens
A more reacnve ha|ogen w||| d|sp|ace a |ess reacnve one

C|
2
(aq) + 28r(aq) ! 8r
2
(aq) + 2C|(aq)
C|
2
(aq) + 2Na8r(aq) ! 8r
2
(aq) + 2NaC|(aq)
Lxample
Cal
2
+ Cl
2
!
1. lf Lhere are nC1 Lwo
meLals, look for Lwo
halogens! unuL8LlnL
1PLM.
2. Check Lo see lf Lhe slngle
elemenL wlll Lrade.
1. lf yes, proceed Lo sLep
3.
2. lf no, wrlLe no
reacuon".
3. Swap, urop, Chop and
8ALAnCL!
: Palogen ulsplacemenL?
1he AcuvlLy Serles of Lhe Palogens
A more reacnve ha|ogen w||| d|sp|ace a |ess reacnve one

8r
2
(aq) + 2NaC|(aq) ! C|
2
(aq) + 2Na8r(aq)
Can Lhls reacuon occur?
C1LN1IAL LNLkG & kkN
DIAGkAMS
: WhaL ls oLenual Lnergy?
Law of Conservanon of Lnergy: Lnergy can nelLher be.
otenna| (Chem|ca|) energy = energy sLored ln chemlcal
bonds
Lvery chemlcal reacuon has LnL8C? assoclaLed wlLh lL.
?ou can show Lhls change ln energy wlLh a C1LN1IAL
LNLkG DIAGkAM.
nC1L!!!! We measure energy ln kllo[oules", [usL llke we
measured mass ln grams and volume ln LlLers.
: WhaL ls oLenual Lnergy?
A potenna| energy d|agram p|ots the change |n potenna|
energy that occurs dur|ng a chem|ca| reacnon.
Acnvanon Lnergy: Lnergy requlred Lo sLarL a reacuon
(Lo geL up Lhe hlll).
neat of keacnon (An): Lnergy absorbed or released
durlng a reacuon.
AP = P producLs - P reacLanLs
-AP = LxoLhermlc
+AP = LndoLhermlc
Acnvated Comp|ex: 1he peak of Lhe curve. 1he
maxlmum energy ln Lhe reacuon.

WhaL ls Lhe AC1lvA1lCn LnL8C? of Lhe reacuon?
WhaL ls our AP?
ls Lhls reacuon exoLhermlc or endoLhermlc? Pow do you know?
WhaL would be Lhe 8LvL8SL AC1lvA1lCn LnL8C??
Would Lhe reverse reacuon be exo- or endoLhermlc?
WhaL Lype of reacuon releases energy? WhaL Lype feels cold Lo Lhe
Louch?
: WhaL ls oLenual Lnergy?
LkC1nLkMIC (energy Lxl1S Lhe sysLem)
1hermal energy ls released from Lhe sysLem ! feels
warm or hoL
Lnergy ls parL of Lhe 8CuuC1S.
CP
4
+ 2 C
2
! CC
2
+ 2 P
2
C + energy
LkC sLarLs hlgh and
ends up low
Marked wlLh a - slgn
: WhaL ls oLenual Lnergy?
LNDC1nLkMIC (energy goes ln1C Lhe sysLem)
1hermal energy from Lhe sysLem ls absorbed durlng
Lhe rxn ! feels cold!
Lnergy ls parL of Lhe 8LAC1An1S.
PC
2
P
3
C
2
+ naPCC
3

LNDC sLarLs low and
ends up hlgh
Marked wlLh + slgn
: WhaL are caLalysLs?
A caLalysL speeds up a recnon w|thout chang|ng
the products of Lhe reacLanLs
CaLalysLs |ower the acnvanon energy of boLh Lhe
forward and reverse reacuons equally.
We Lherefore shorLen Lhe reacuon paLhway and Lhe
reacuon wlll speed up.
WhaL wlll Lhls look llke on Lhe dlagram??
Change Lhe hlll lnLo a bump!