Berlin A.N. _Cifrovye sotovye sistemy svjazi.pdf

111111.1.1.
111111
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..
~
,
2007
621.396.931(024)
32.884.1
.49
..
.49
.: -,
2007. -
296 .:
ISBN 978-5-88405-087-7
GSM,
D), (

WiMAX
UMTS)
IEEE 802.16).
(, , .).
:
(D),
(OFDA),
UTRAN.
, ,
, , .
,
.
ISBN 978-5-88405-087-7
32.884.1
..,2007
........................................... "."".""." ........ """""."".""."""."."" .. ""."." ......... 7
1. .
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
GSM """.""." ... ".""" .. " ... " ... ""."." .... " ........ "" ..... " .................... 10
GSM" .. " ........... "." ... "." ... " ... " ... "."." ... "" ...... " ... " ... "" .... "."".".10
, GSM".".""" .... " ... "" ... "."."."." .. " .. 11
GSM ...... "" ...... " ... " ... " ............ ""." ... """.".".""." ... ""13
1.3.1. "."""" .... """""""" .. ".""".""."."".".".""."". 15
1.3.2. """ .. """""."""""""""""""""""" 15
1.3.3. "".".""""""""""""""".""""16
1.4. GSM ........... " .... " ... "" ...... "" .... 24
1.4.1. GSM"."."."" ... "" ........ " ....... " ....... " ...... 24
1.4.2. .................................................. 26
1.4.3. GSM .............................. " .... " ... " ....... 26
1.4.4. ...... " .................... " ....... " .......... 28
1.4.5. ... " ........ "." ... "."."" ...... """." ... "."."." ... "". 29
1.4.6. , GSM "".".".""" .... ". 30
1.4.7. ." .. " ... "" .... " .......... " .. ". 34
1.4.8. GSM .. """" .. "" ... "."."."" .. " ... 36
1.5. GSM." .. "." ... "" .... "" .. "".".""" .................................. "". 46
1.5 .1. ".""."."."".""." ... "" .. """.".""""."" .. "."".""" .. 46
1.5.2. .......................................... 48
1.5.3. ..................................... 53
1.6. GSM""" ..... ".""" ... " .. "."".""""".".""".". 62
1.7. GSM """""""""""""""""""""""""" .. " 64
1.7.1. ............................................................ 64
1.7.2. """""".""."""."".".""." .. "."""". 65
1.7.3. "" .. """ .... """"" .. """.".""."". 68
1.8. "."."".""""""""""".".""." ... ""."."""""".".""."" 70
1.8.1. .... " .. " ........................................ " ................. 71
1.8.2. .............................. " .......... 72
1.8.3. /.
/ ......................................................... 75
1.9. .............................. " .. 77
2.
D ..... " ............................... " .... " ...........
80
2.1. ............................ 80
2.1.1. " ..... "" .. "." ... " ... " .......................... " ... "."" .... "" ... 81
2.1.2.
2.1.3.
2.1.4.
............."............ 83
86
............................

..............................................................................................
87
CDMA .............................................................................. 90
2.2.1. .......................................................................... 90
2.2.2. ........................................................................... 91
2.2.3. ...................................................... 92
2.3. .............................................................................................. 96
2.3.1. ...................................................... 96
2.3.2. ................................................ 100
2.4. CDMA ............................................. 101
2.4.1. ....................................................................... 101
2.4.2.
.................................................. 102
2.4.3. ................................................. 104
2.5.
CDMA.................................................................................... 106
2.5.1. - ................................................................................ 107
2.5.2. .................................................................. 112
2.5.3. .......................... 116
2.6. ......................................................................... 120
2.6.1. ....................... 121
2.6.2. .......................... 131
2.7. ..................................................................... 132
2.2.
3. ........ 134
.............................................................. 134
3.1.1. ............................. 134
3.1.2. IMT-2000 ....................................................................................... 137
3.1.3. ................................................................ 140
3.1.4. .................................................................. 144
3.1.5. ............................................................................. 146
3.2. .......................................................... 147
3.3. UMTS ........................................................................................ 155
3.3.1. .................................................................. 155
3.3.2. ................................................ 157
3.3.3. ......................................... 158
3.3.4. ......................................... 160
3.3.5. ........................................................................................... 163
3.4. UMTS ......................................................... 167
3.1.
3.5.
..........................................................
169
171
............................................................... 176
UMTS .................... 178
3.6. UTRAN ........................................................ 180
3.6.1. ................ 181
3.6.2. ....... 183
3.6.3.
...................................................................................... 184
3.6.4. ................................................... 186
3.6.5. ......... 186
3.6.6. .............................................................. 187
3.6.7.
, ...................... 189
3.6.8. RRC
............................ 190
3.7. .............................................................. 192
3.7.1. ............................................................ 193
3.7.2. ................................................................. 194
3.7.3. .............. 196
3.8. ............................................................ 197
3.8.1.
.................................................................... 197
3.8.2. Iur ............................. 200
3.8.3.
Iur.
DCH .......................................................... 201
3.8.4. .............................. 203
3.9. ................................................................... 205
3.9.1.
RNC ........................................ 205
3.9.2. GSM
UMTS (UTRAN) ................................ 206
3.10. UMTS ................................................................... 208
3.5.1.
3.5.2.
3.5.3.
........................................
4. 802.16.
WiAX ............................................................................... 214
4.1.
4.2.
...................................................

4.3.
215
OFDMA .................................... 218

............................... 220
OFDMA .............................................................. 222
FD-
4.3.1.
4.3.2.
4.3.3.
................................

4.3.4.
4.3.5.
222
..................................... 223
224
................

................................................................
226
..................................................................... 226
TDD .................................................................. 227
4.4. WiMAX ............................................................... 229
4.4.1. ................................................. 229
4.4.2. ..................................................... 232
4.4.3. ........................................ 232
4.4.4. .............. 234
4.4.5. .............................................................. 234
4.4.6. ................................... 235
4.4.7. () ....................................................... 236
4.4.8. ................................................................................. 237
4.5. WiMAX .................................. 238
4.5.1. .................................... 238
4.5.2. .......................... 245
4.5.3. ..... 246
4.3.6.
4.3.7.
4.6.
4.7.
WiMAX ........................................................... 248

WiAX ........................................................ 249
......................................................................................................................... 258
........................................................................................................
277
....................................................................................................................... 286
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3.
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UMTS.

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WiAX, IEEE.802.le,

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SDR (Software Defined Radio ).
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1.1.
GSM
GSM
1980- , ,

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1982 .
(-
Conference of European Post and Telecommunications}-cop

GSM (Group Special Moile)
[42, 104].
poaa
;
;
;
;
;
;

1989
ISDN.
GSM
(ETSI, European Telecommunications Standards Institute). GSM

1990 .
1991, 1993 36 GSM 22 .
GSM ,
. 200 GSM ( DCS-1800 PCS-1900)
. GSM
110
11
. ,
GSM,
PCS-1900.
GSM ,
GSM (Global System
for Moile communications).
GSM
:
(S
- Advances Moile Phone System)

(TACS-Total Access Communications System) .
,
GSM
8000
.
, .
1.2.
GSM
GSM

[27, 93, 94].
ISDN
ISDN
64 /.
IU-T,
GSM, -
[77-79, 115].
GSM
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.
GSM :
1) ( :
, .);
2) ;
3) ,
4) ( 3).
12
GSM
9600 / :
- (POTS - Plain Ordinary
Telephone Service);
- (ISDN);
-
(PSPDN - Packet Switched Pulic Data Network);
-
(CSPDN - Circuit Switched Pulic Data Network).
GSM :
- 300, 600, 1200, 2400,
4800 9600 / ;
- 1200, 2400, 4800 9600
/ ,

(CSPDN)
ISDN;
300-9600 /
(PSPDN);
2400-9600 /.
9,6 /
9,6
/ .
,
.25 .32

GSM
[86].
GSM -
GSM
GSM,
- (SMS - Short Massage

Service). SMS- -
( 160 ) .
(store-and-forward fashion).
SS-
.
SMS
.
SI-
(SIM -
Subscriber Identification Module)
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(
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(CUG-Closed User Group)-
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ISDN
PSTN.
1.3.
GSM
GSM
1.1.
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GSM
(MS),
(BSS),
(SSS),
14
(MSC),
MSC
1.1
, . .
,
.

Um,
-.
NMC
1--___;-=i'-I
----1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
L ____ _11
'
\ BSC
ADC
.-------------------------------
Umi-------------------------------
1
1
SS7
SS7-----.
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PSTN
BSC
MSC
PDN
PSTN
MSC
ISDN
PDN
ISDN
----,
\ BSC
1L ____ _11
855
555
! ______________________________ _
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _1
ADC
AuC
BTS
BSC
BSS
EIR
HLR
ISDN
MS
MSC
NMC
PDN
PSTN
1.1.
GSM
Autheticatio Ceter
Base trasceiver Statio
Base Statio Cotroller
Base Statio System
Equipmet ldetificatio Register
Home Locatio Register
ltegrated Services Digital Network
Moblle Statio
Moblle Switchig Ceter
Network Maagemet Ceter
Operatio d it t
VLR
Packet Data Network

Puic Switched Telephoe Network
Switchig Subsystem
Visit Locatio Register
Trascoder Equipmet
sss
Admiistratio t
. GSM
15
1.3.1.
(MS)
()
, ,
Module).
(SIM -
Subscriber Identification
SI-
. SI
GSM,
( )
(IMEI - Intemational
Moile
SI-
Equipment Identity).
Intemational Moblle Subscriber Identity),
(IMSI -
IMEI
IMSI
. SI-

.
(Moblle Terminal

; 1
(Moblle Terminal 1) -
ISDN; 2 (Moblle Terminal 2) -
V .

, -,
(DTE),
..
: 1
(Terminal Equipment 1) ISDN; 2 (Terminal
Equipment 2) -
ISDN
). 2 1 (

1.3.2.
ISDN)
(BTS -
Base Transceiver Station)
16
(BSC- Base Station Controller).

s (. . 1.1).
BTS ,

. ~

BTS -
BTS.
, ,
BTS.
, .

1.3..
BSC
BTS (MSC).
(MSC)
(MSC).
(ISDN).
(PSTN)
, , ,
, ()
.
,
.
MSC
PSTN
ISDN.
-7

ISDN
(SS7),

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.
MSC
(PSN,
ISDN
PDN, ISDN ..)
.
.
ISDN,
MSC
,
,
.
MSC
(,
. GSM
).
MSC
17
MSC
-7,
MSC
(-).
MSC
, ;
,
.
MSC
(BSS).
.
,
.
,
,
BSC.
MSC.
GSM
BSC,
(),
MSC.
Location Register)
tion Register).
HLR
(HLR -
(VLR - Visit Loca-
(HLR)
HLR
.
,
, ,
. () ,

(TMSI -
Temporary
Moile
Subscriber Identity)
(VLR). HLR
18
Subscriber Identity),
(IMSI -
Intemational Moblle
(AUC -Authentication Center).
MSC
() .
,

GSM,
(Visit Location Register).
GSM,
VLR
HLR
HLR,
HLR,
MSC
VLR
HLR
.
IMSI
ISDN (MSISDN - Moblle Station ISDN Number).
MSC VLR, ,
(VLR)
,
,
VLR.
HLR.
BSC, ,
BSC, BSC, VLR
, .
, LR
VLR,
VLR , HLR,
VLR , ,
VLR.
GSM
(LA - Location Area),
(LAC - Location Area Code ). VLR -
. GSM
LA.
19
VLR
LA
LA
VLR.
VLR,
VLR.
VLR , HLR, .
VLR
(MSRN Moile Station Roaming Number).
, VLR MSRN
MSC,
, .
,
MSCNLR, ,
MSCNLR. MSCNLR
MSCNLR . -
TMSI HLR. VLR
.
, ,

VLR
MSRN.
VLR.
IMSI, TMSI
VLR -
VLR
HLR, .
. 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
, HLR VLR
1.1. , HLR VLR
(IMSI -
International Moblle Subscriber Identity)

ISDN (MSISDN)
2
3
7
8
9
10
20
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1.2.
HLR
(TMSI-Temporary
Moile
VLR
VLR
(/)
1. 1
1.3.
VLR
(TMSI - Temporary
Moile
2
3
4
5
(AuC -
(EIR - Equipment Identity Register)

Authentication Center). EIR - ,
IMEI.
. GSM
21
, .
AuC -
, SI- ,
,
.
IMSI,
(SIM),
(i), ().

SIM

, .
EIR
IMEI.
IMEI,
IMEI,
.
.
IMEI
GSM,
.
.
IMEI
, ,
.
EIR
MSC
MSC .
HLR, EIR,
EIR ,
IMEI. MSC ,
IMEI EIR,

, .
(Operation and Maintenance Center) -
GSM,
22
,
.
GSM
, .25.
,
,
.

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.
GSM,
.
.

NMC (Network Management Center) -
GSM.

, ,
NMC
, . ,
,
NMC.
~ , NMC

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NMC
,
.
PSTN
GSM
NMC
NMC
(BSS).
NMC
, , -
. GSM
23
( )
.
NMe
- ,
NMe
NMe
, .
,
, , ,
ADC (Administration Center) -
, ,
(Transconder Equipment) -
s
,
GSM
(64
/, )
,
,
13
/.
6,5
/).
(LPe - Linear Predictive eoding),

Long Term Predicting),
(RPE-Regular Pulse Excitation).
(LTP -
13
(BSe)
16 /.
64 /.
(stuffing).
120
GSM
30- -,
(64
/)
(slot)

-7
D-
LAPD (Link Access Procedure for the D-channel).

(64 /)
.25.
24
1.4.
1.4.1.
1.1
GSM
GSM [22, 27, 32, 49]

1.4.
1.4.
GSM.
MSC-BSS
Ais
BSC-BTS
MSC-VLR
MSC-HLR
HLR-VLR
MSC-MSC
BSC-OMC
BSC-TCE
Um
MS-BTS
-.
GSM
BSC+ BTS)
MSC
BSS
BSS,
(),
. - .
-7. -
08 ETSl/GSM.
MSC VLR. ,
-.
MSC
VLR.
MSC
VLR,
. ,
MS
. ,
VLR,
HLR.
-. MSC HLR
MSC HLR. MSC HLR
MSC
. GSM
25
, .

MSC
HLR
MS.
D-.
HLR
VLR
. , ,

.
.
VLR
HLR
HLR
MS,
,

.
-.
MSC
MSC
BSC BTS
ETSl/GSM
s-.
BTS
BSC
2,048
/.
64 /.
-.
BSC
BSC
, .25 ( .
1.1.
).
-.
BSC
(); -

05
16
2,048
64 /.
Um.
MS
BTS
04
ETSI/GSM.
-. ,
12.01 ETSl/GSM
Q.3, ISO/OSI.
GSM.

-7 .25.
26
1.4.2.
PSTN.
MSC
-7.

G.732.
ISDN. ISDN
2 /,

-7.
GSM.
GSM.
GSM
-7
(SCCP - Signaling Connection Control

Part) (GMSC Gateway MSC). ,
GSM .
,
, .
1.4..
GSM
GSM [81 ).
1.2, , ,
MSCNLR (PLMN Puic Land Moblle Network).

( )
MSCNLR
( MSC)

( ,
MSC)
(
BTS)
1.2. GSM
. GSM
27
- BTS.
GSM
(CGI - Cell Global Identity) - ,
(LA -
Location Area) -
MSC
(.
1.2).
(LAI -
Location Area
Identity).

MSC!VLR
MSC

(.
VLR
GSM,
MSC
1.3).
MSC/VLR,
PLMN
LA1
LA2
LA4
LAS
LA6
1.3. (LA)
[sc[S
[sc[S
4
[sc[S
.
(.
1.4) -
[sc[S
1.4. (PLMN)
28
1.4.4.
[27, 32, 49, 101].
(frequency reuse distance) -
D = J3NR, N ; R -
( , ).
(cluster) -
. N
i 2 + ij +
i, j -
j2,
,
:
=,
j = 1, N = 1;
i = 1, j = 1, N = 3;
i = ,
i = 1,
i = ,
i = 2,
j = 2, N = 4;
j = 2, N = 7;
j = 3, N = 9;
j = 2, N = 12;
..
R,
(1/N),
, .
k =D /R
=J3N
N k
k(12) = 6.
k(l) = 1,7; k(3) = 3; k(4) = 3,5; k(7) = 4,6; k(9) = 5,2;
1.5
(4- ) .
1.6 (7-
).
. GSM
....,.---;--
~:-'---=---
~=--=--~--
1 --~
1.4.5.
2 ____,1:::-~::--=--'----
3 ----
29
1.5.
4-
1.6.
?-
(sectorized cell).
.

,
.
.

120 ( ).
3/9, 4/12, 7/21,
, - . . 1.7,
3- 3/9.
9 .

1.7, 6
60.
60
12
Motorola
30
6- (
4/24).
)
.
1.7. :
) 3- ; ) 6-
1.4.6. , 1 GSM
,
GSM
GSM . 1.8.
( )
. ,
GSM :
(TCH/F - Traffic Channel/Full) - 22,8 /
(/ - Traffic Channel/alf) - 11,4 /.

. GSM
31
,
.
,
, ,
(setup),
..
,
MS .
Random Control Channel).
(RACH -
,
,
.
".
...
"'
TCH/F
:ii
111
g;
"'
r::
"
..
""""""".. FACCH,
""""".."" SDCCH,
"""""""" SACCH,
FCCH,
"""."""". SCH,
MS

MS
AGCH
RACH
1.8.
GSM
AGCH
FACCH
Access Grat hl
Fast Associated tl
FCCH
Frequecy ti hl
Pagig hl
hl
RACH
SACCH
SCH
SDCCH
TCH/F
/

( )
Radom Access hl
Slow Associated tl hl

Sychroizig hl

Stad-aloe Dedicated tl hl
Traffic Chael/Full
,
Traffic Chael/Half
,
32
L (D
Time Division Multiple Access).
, ,
, ,
.
(SDCCH - Stand-alone Dedicated

Control Channel),
MS ,
().

MS
( ) (
Paging Channel),
(LA).
-
Random Access Channel). -.
(RACH -
.

.
1.9 [14].
.
.
.
BTS
) :
1.
MSC.
- ( - Paging Channel).
2. MS - q
(RACH - Random Access Channel) -
.
()
L, .
BTS
3. BTS
,
.
MS
. GSM
33
SI- (SRES - Signed Response),

BTS MS.
4. BTS .
5. (
) ,
.
1.8.
MS
RR 010111 ASSignment COMmanD
RR
IMdiate
0100111
ASSignment
1RR
0010100 AUTHentication RESponse
1RR 0110010
0000100

(SDCCH)

(SDCCH)
SETUP
SETUP ACKnowledge
RR 010111 ASSignment COMmanD
RR 0101001 ASSignment COMplete

0000001 ALERING
( )
( )
0000111
0001111
CONnect
CONnect ACKnowledge
1.9.
BTS
(RACH}
Cipheing MODE COMplete 1
0000011
0110101 Cipheing MODE COMmanD 1

(RACH}
PAGing RESpons
0010010 AUTHentication REQuest
MS
()
RR 0100001 PAGING REQ
RR 0111111
BTS
34
1.4.7.
[32, 33]
, ,
, .. (.
1.10).
GSM
1
MS
MS
] 1~1 ~
SDCCH
.1.10.
GSM
[29, 32, 33, 110]:

- Broadcast Channel)
(downstream) ,
.
, <<- ,
.
~:
l (
Channel):
Broadcast Control
, , ,
(LAC -
Location Area Code),
, , , , ..
MS
s
;
(FCCH -
Frequency Correction Channel):

MS, MS
MS.
,

D;
. GSM
MS
35
Sychroizig hl):
(SCH -
; D
SCH MS
BTS.
Common Control Channels) -
MS.
MS.
( )
Pagig h[):
MS
MS; BTS
(PCH-
(G):

MS; BTS
MS ;
SDCCH
MS,
(!):
;
MS
SDCCH.
MS
()
Dedicated Control Channel)

,
(DCCH -
, , :
( ),
, ..
DCCH :
- (SDCCH - Stad-aloe
Dedicated Cotrol h[) MS BTS
,
(). , , ;
, ,
, (
ciated
(SACCH -
MS);
Slow Asso-
Cotrol hl)
( );

SDCCH.
, , ;
SDCCH
, , (
MS);
Associated Cotrol h[).
(FACCH - Fast
SDCCH,
(boowing
SDCCH
mode)
SDCCH,
36
, ,
(), ,
..
RACH, FCCH SCH.
1.4.8.
GSM
GSM
[33, 36, 40, 81, 84, 86, 98, 107]
GSM (. 1.11).
--------------~
--------------
i----+-lf----1
VLR
7
11
MS
6
10
MSC
HLR
2 3
GMSC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
L--------------J
BSS
1.11.
GSM
1. MSC (GMSCGateway MSC).

2. (IMSI)
(HLR).
. GSM
3.
37
(VLR)
(.
1.12)- MSRN (Moile Station Roaming Number).

4. HLR GMSC.
5. MSC.
6. MSC VLR.
7. VLR LA (
) . MS ,
. 8.
8. ,
VLR.
9.
.
10.
( ).
, .
MSC
12. MSC TMSI MS .

. 1.12
11. VLR
11.
MSC,
(.
TMSI
1.12).
-------------.1
MSISDN
1 MSRN
MSC
MSC
IMSI
1
1
1
1
1
1
MSRN
------------------
VLR
1
1
-------------
IMSI
VLR
---1 .!~SI
1-------------
1.12.
MSISDN
MSRN
IMSI
TMSI
HLR
VLR
ISDN
38

(.
1.13).
, , , .
, .
VLR
HLR
f
--@--
MSC
()
AuC
1.13.
(.
1. MS
1.13):
()
16
,
.
2. MS
BTS
BSC MSC.
3. MSC MS IMSI.
4. MS IMSI . IMSI
, , ,

250 -
5. IMSI VLR
eeHLR.
6.
VLR,
99 -
).
(MSC/LR)
IMSI
(,
VLR,
, .
7. MSC VLR .
8. MSC MS .

HLR
VLR
, -
. GSM
39
- .
.
,
. ,
, ,
.
, (
). ,
, .
(, m ,
, )
.
IMSI.
,
.
,
.
9).
10
11
15
, ).
SI-. 10-
(
112),
IMSI.
. .

,
- Paging Channel).
. ,
(), -
40

. -
, . ,

GSM,
, .
HLR VLR
, :
BTS BSC
;
-
(PLMN).
.

(
VLR),

. ,
( -7),
VLR,
HLR
HLR
(MSCNLR)
(MSCNLR)
[56, 107].
(.
1.14)
,
.
: SI-
(AuC-
Authentication Center).

RAND,
AuC
128-
. SI-
. GSM
Kj
41
IMSI,
SI-), 32-
SRS*
(Signed Response)
SRES*
=Kj > RAND.
SRES,
).
Kj
AuC (
SRES*, ,
AuC,
TMSI,
VLR).
RAND
128
MS
128
(SI-)
RAND
128
Kj
128
AuC
SIM
SRES*
SRES
RAND
MSC
Kj -
1 SRES*
1.14.
=SRES?
SRES
SRES* -
SRES (Signed Response) - ;

SRES,

, ,
.
D ,
114
114
57 ).
MS,
GSM
IMEI. IMEI
EIR (Equipment
Identity Register),
IMEI
EIR
42
GSM.
{)

. ( ),
(handoft),
t<
.
RRM (Radio Resources Management).
1.
2.
1.15:
3.
4.
BSC.
BSC,
MSC
BSC,
MSC.
- MSC.
, ,
,
BSC,
MSC
. ,

BSC
(MSC). (
MSC.
MSC,
MS
MSC.
()
16
. GSM
43
MSC
BSC
-----------------------,
1
1
1
[~]
[~]
L------ ---- ------
1
1
1
-----~
1.15.
-----------------------,
l~J
1
1
[~JI
L--------- ---- ---
1
1
----~
(),
GSM.
, -

, .

[49]
, ():
,
. .
,
().
,
,
44
[49)
.
,
, .
, .
1.16
4- (. .
1.15) [33). .
1. MS ,
BTSl .
SACCH ( )
480 .
.
2.
MS
MS
MSCl, BTSl ,
3. BTSl
MSC2
MS,
BSCl.
4. BSCl
5.
BSCl
MSCl
, ,
BSCl
BTS2
MCSl
).
6. MCSl MSC2.
MSCl ( VLR HLR)
. MSCl ,
MSC2 (
BSC2).
7. MSC2
, .

VLR MSC2,
(MSRN -
Moile
Station Roaming Number).
VLR MSC2.
8. MSC2 (
) MSCl. MSCl ,
(. . 6), .
MSCl , VLR MSCl .
. GSM
45
, VLR ,
HLR, .
9. MSCl BSCl , .
10. BSCl , MSCl ,
.
11. MSCl
MSC2
.
-----------------------------------------------------------1
HLR
(VLR)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VLR
BSC2
1.16.
,
, .
( ),
( ) (
).
(MSCNLR)
(MSC/LR)
.

(MSC/LR),
, .
46
, .. ;
, ,
, ;
.
,
, ;
,
.
.
,

. .

[9].
1.5.
1.5.1.
GSM
GSM
ETSI.
[76-79].

(registration),
(authentication), (call routing),
, (handover)
,
, -7
36].
GSM
, .
1.17.
1.17.
[7, 10, 17, 49, 117]
[1, 10, 11,

. GSM
BTS
47
MSC
BSC
/
LAPD
RRM
RRls
s1 BSSAP
BSSAP
LAPDm
LAPDm
SCCP
.1
LAPDm
'
um 1
1 64/2048 /
16/64 /
1.17.
GSM
Connection Management
Mobllity Management
Radio Resources Management
Link Access Protocol D
RRM
LAPD
Ais
264/2048 / 1
.

D (m -
BTSM
Base Transceiver Station Management
BSSAP
BSS Application Part
SCCP
Signaling Connection Control Part
Massage Transfer Part
()

1-
, , .

ISDN,
Um,
LAPDm [93, 94].
LAPD,
3-
2 -
LAPD,
(RR
Radio Resources Management) -
- , ,
.
Mobllity Management) -
,
.
48
Connection Management) -

,
.
(BSC)
(BTS)
Aiso
(BTSM -
Base Transceiver Station Management).

( ) : 1
(Message Transfer Part - ); 2 SCCP (Signaling Connection Control Part -
) [1, 10, 11, 35],
-7. 3 GSMMM CM.
BSSAP (BSS Application Part
)
(BSS)
(MSC).
500 , GSM [78].
1.5.2.
SCCP,
[1, 10, 11, 17, 35]
-7.
SCCP.
ing Connection Control Part)
SCCP (Signal-
.
( )
35, 115]. SCCP
[10, 11,
.
.
SCCP
. -
. GSM
49
()
. :
,
.
SCCP
.
,
-
.
SCCP
[1, 10, 11, 35].
, .
, , :
(CR);
()
CR;
(RLSD);
(RLSC)
( );
(DT);
(SSA).
1.18
t--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--j
,
1.18.
SCCP
3
4
0000 0001.
1.5.
0000 0000
0000 0001
0000 0010
0000 0011
0000 0100
SCCP
SCCP
IU -
( )
1.5.
ISUP-R
50
1.5
0000 0101
0000 0110
0000 0111
0000 1000
0000 1001
HLR
VLR
MSC
EIR
0000 1010
0000 1011
00001100
00001101
0000 1110
00001111
ISDN
B-ISDN
()
..........
00011111
0010 0000
.......
1111 0111
11111000
NMT (
11111001
11111010
11111110
11111111
HLR-NMT (
BSSAP
1.5
GSM).
BSSAP
SCCP (Signaling Connection Control Part)

(BSSAP Base Station
System Application Part).
BSS MSC (. . 1.17). -
BSSAP ,

3.
BSS
MSC.
BSSAP
. GSM
51
3.
BSSAP
(BSSAP
(DTAP - Direct Station Application Part) MSC

MS. 3
BSS;
Base Station System Management Application Part)
3- ,
, ()

BSS. BSSMAP
ETSI GSM 08.08 [76, 79].
BSSAP
. ETSI GSM 08.08
3 ,
.
, , ,

,
BSSAP,
DT.
, .
BSSAP , . 1.19.
(Discrimination). ,
: BSSAP DTAP.
(DLCI - Data Link
Control Identifier). DTAP. MSC
BSS, ,
. ,
DLCI
1.19.
BSSAP
3.
52
(BSSMAP)
SCCP -
MSC
BSS,
,
. BSSAP

RRM (Radio Resource Management), ETSI [76, 79].

BSSAP . 1.20.
1

1.20.
BSSMAP
. ,
,
BSSAP.
().

.
DTAP (Direct Transfer Application Part)
{DTAP)
MS
MSC.
BSS,
DTAP
7
, .
1.21.
2
+
1.21.
. GSM
53
1.22.
1.22.
, .
,
MSC,
MS,
1.
, ,
.
(RM,
), .

(RM,
, ) .
1.5..
ment)
(RRM -
Radio Resource Manage-
(MSC).
, , .
RRM
[49, 56].
, ,
,
.
,
.
, ,
,
,
RRM.
,
.
54
( ),
.
,
,
.

. ,
.
ISDN,
Q.931, ()
GSM .
( ) .
3-
MS-BTS
(, ,
RRM)
ISDN.
MS-BTS [13, 18, 19, 33].
[10, 11, 17].
RRM
, , .
1.23.
1
.
1.23.
RRM
. GSM
55
1 .
,
,
ISDN,
GSM.
1.6 [17, 39].
1.6.
...
".
1
1
I.451
RR
( ,
".
".
".
".

".
1
1
3-
."
".
-1
3-
3 GSM
1.7-1.9 ,
RRM.
. .
, ,
,
.
56
1.7.
3-
( - 00110000)
001
010
xOll
0001
1000
0010
0111
1111
1110
0011
(ALERting)
(CALL COMplete)
(CALL PROCeeding)
(CONnect)
MS-BTS
(CONnect ACnowledge)
(EMERGence SETUP)
(SETUP)
0111
1111
0011
0000
1000
1001
1010
1100
1101
1110
(MODify)
(MODify COMplete)
(MODify REJect)
(USER INFormation)
(HOLD)
(HOLD ACnowledge)
(HOLD REJect)
(RETRieve)
(RETRieve ACnowledge)
(RETRieve REJect)
0101
1100
1101
(DISConnect)
(RELease)
(RELease COMplete)
1001
1100
1101
0100
0101
0001
(NOIFY)
0010
0110
(CONGestion Control)
(STATUS)
(STATUS ENQuiry)
(START DTMF)
(STOP DTMF)
(STOP DTMF
ACnowledge)
1110
1010
(START DTMF ACnowledge)
(FACILIY)
. GSM
1.8.
xOOl
3-
( - 01010000)
0001
0010
0100
1000
57
MS-BTS
IMSI (IMSI DETuch INDicator)

(LOCation UPDate ACCept)
(LOCation UPDate REJect)
(LOCation UPDate REQuest)

010
011
0111
1.9.
0001
0010
0100
1000
1001
1010
1011
(AUentication
REJect)
(AUTHentication REQuest)
(AUTHentication RESponse)
(IDENtification REQuest)
(IDENtification RESponse)
TMSI (TMSI REALLOCation CoMmanD)
TMSI (TMSI REALLOCation COMplete)

0001
0010
0011
0100
1000
1001
0100
SERVice ACCept)
SERVice REJ ect)
( SERVice R)
( SERVice REQuest)
( SERVice REESTAlishment)
(
(R)
STATUS)
3- RRM
( - 01100000)
011
111
001
MS-BTS
(ADDitional ASSignment)
(IMMediate ASSignment)
(IMMdiate ASSignment EXTended)
010
(IMMediate ASSignment REJect)

0110
101
010
(Ciphering MODE CoMmanD)

(Ciphering MODE COMplete)
58

0101
xOOOl
0100
101
101
010
111
001
010
100
111
1.9
(ASSignment CoMmanD)
(ASSignment COMplete)
(ASSignment FAILure)
(ANDover CoMmanD)
(ANDover COMplete)
(ANDover FAILure)
(PHYSical INFormation)
110
001
111
011
100
(CANnel
RELease)
(PARTial RELease)
(PARTial RELease COMplete)
1 (AGING REQuest 1)
2 (AGING REQuest 2)
3 (PAGING REQuest 3)
( AGing RESpons 1)

xOOll
0010
(CANnel
010
111
MODE MODify)
RR (RR STAUS)

(CANnel
100
101
110
011
BTSM -
MODE MODify ACnowledge)

(FREQuency REDEFinition)
(MEASurement REPort)
(CLASSARK CANGE)
(CLASSARK
ENQuiry)
BTSM BSC-BTS (Base Station Controller - Base Transceiver Station) s

, . 1.23.
(
). , -
.
. GSM
59
. .
1.6
(0011).
(.
1.10).
, -
- Radio Link Layer Managemet - ;

- Dedicated Channel gt- ;
- Channel Management- ;
- TRX gt - .
(transparent).
7 .
1.10. 3-
BTSM BSC-BTS
0000000
0000001
0000100
0000110
000100
. ,
,
, .
.
1.11.

, , ,
(. .
1.9).
ISDN
MS-BTS
. .
.
1.9,
1.24
MS-BTS
(RRM (RR),
, ).
, (,
,
, ).
.
1.24
. -
ISDN:
- I (Initial address) - ;
- (Address complete) - ;
- ANM (Answer) - .
60
1.11.
OOOlxxxx
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
OllOxxxx
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
00001
00010
00011
00100
00101
00110
00111
01000
01001
01010
BTSM
REQuest
D INDication
EROR INDication
ESTaish REQuest
ESTaish CONfirm
ESTaish INDication
RF CANnel RELease REQuest
RF CANnel RELease CONfirm
RELease INDication
UNIT DATA REQuest
UNI DATA INDication
BSSCH INFOrmation
LOAD INDication
CHANnel ReQuireD
DELETE INDication
PAGGING CoManD
IMMidiate ASSignee CoMmanD
SMS Broadcast REQuest
BSSCH
SMS
RF ReSourse INDication
SACCH FILing
OVERLOAD
ERORREPORT
SMS Broadcast CoManD
BSCCH LOAD INDication
NOTification CoManD
SACCH
SMS
BSCCH

CANnel
ACTivation
CANnel ACivation ACnowledge

CANnel
ACTivation Negative
ACnowledge
CONNection FAILure
DEACTivation SACCH
ENCRyption CoMmanD
ANDover DEECTion
MEASurement RESult
MODE MODify REQuest
MODE MODify ACnowledge
SACCH
. GSM
MS
BTS
MSCNLR
HLR
EIR
1
IAM
PAGING
0101PAGING
CMD
RRPAGING
REQ
RRASS
CMD
ISDN
61
0010011CHAN
RQD
00100001CHAN
ACTIV
00100010CHAN
ACTIVACK
001110
ASS CMD
RRIMMASS
RR SABM
PAGING
RESP
RRUA
PAGING
RESP
0000110EST
IND
PAGING
RESP
CR
PAGING
RESP
------AUTH REO
MMAUTH
REQ
MMAUTH
RES
CIPMOD
00110ENCR
CMD
RRCIP
MODCDM
RRCIP
MODCOM
SETUP
SETUP
(RAND, SRES, Ki)
SEUP
00100001 CHAN
ACIV
ASS
REQ
00100010CHAN
ACTIVACK
RRASS
CMD
ASS
CMD
SABM
UA
ASSCOM
ASS
0000111RF
CHAN REL
00001000RF
CHAN REL
CMALERT
IMEI
CMCONNECT
CONNECT
IMEI
CONNECTA~
ANM
.1.24. ISDN-MS
62
(Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode) -
LAPD
, ,
( ).
, , .
UA (Unnumbered Acknowledge) -
, .
1.24
* * ;
* * * .
,

BSC.
Transparent ( ).
1.25 -
BTS
MS
MS
cf
MSCNLR
ISDN
x0100101DISC
i------4---.i
DISC
DISC
REL
REL
x0101100REL
x0101101REL
RELCOM
RELCOM
1.25.
()
1.6.
115].
1.26
GSM
GSM [32, 36, 49,
. GSM
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
960
935
25
124
25
1.26.
- 890-915
20
63
GSM-900
GSM
S S);
- 935-960 - (
BS MS).
25 124 ,
200 ,
(FDA Frequency Division Multiple Access).
200 '1 , 8
.
(DA-Time
Devision Multiple Access).
,
.
, ( ),

8 '1
(burst),
8 248 ,
1984 . 7 (. 1.4.4)
283 (1984/7).
, , , ,
,
.
64
1.7.
1.7.1.
GSM
() .
.
:
0-11
1.27 [33, 36, 49, 115].
()
13-24 ()
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
.25
4,615
57
26
148 , 0,546
57
156,25 , ,577
1.27.
26
TDMA,
GSM
8 (burst *) .
120 /26
=4,615
() 120/(268)
24
120 .
=0,577 .
26
, (12- )
Channel)
(SACCH -
Slow Associated Control
(25-) .
57
, ..
114 ;
. .
,
;
burst .. [22].
, >.
. GSM
(tail
65
its),
.
;
, ,
.
,
. .

.
,
.
, .
=32500 .
120 . (32500/0,12 = 270833 /) -
156,25826

270,833 /
3,69 .
148
156,25
, .
.
,
11,4 /
22,8
/.
(SDCC
Stand-alone Dedicated Control
Channels) [81 ].

.
... 7,
1.7.2.
- 8 ... 15.
1.28.
51
D,
8 .
1.29.
(FB -
Frequecy
correction Burst)

hl).
(FCCH -
Frequency
Correctio
66
4,615

142
1.28.
142
8,25
ED
39
64
ED
39
8,25
ED
58
26
ED
58
G
8,25
41
.
1.29.
1 ED
36 3
G
68,25
. GSM
(SCH -
Sychroizatio
Burst)
67
TDMA
(64
),
39
).
Sychroizig hl).
(SCH -
(DB - D Burst) - ,
58 , .
,
.
- Access Burst)
MS BSS, (RACH Random Access Channel).
. (

8 ),
41
(68,25
252
36
156,25
235
- 8,25
1.30
51
26
1326
6,12 .
~o~~__.I::::::::::::::: :~1_4_9__.__5___.__o_~__.I::::::::::::::: :~1_2_4~-25__.
_o_....___.I ::::::::::124 125
. ._o___.____.I ::::::::::1 49 150 1
1.30.

68
1.7..
(FACCH- Fast Associated Control Channel)

(SACCH - Slow Associated Control Channel)
. . 1.30,
,
, ,
.
,
26
24
, (12-
SACCH.
(25-) ,

12-
114
SACCH
0,12
SACCH.
8 .
FACCH
(. . 1.27),
114/0,12 =950 /.
(.
1.28),
51
[13, 29]
1.31.

,
.
10
SCH.
MS
FCCH,
), ,
, ,
( )

AGCH.
. ,
,
FCCH, 5
SCH 36 (9 ) - AGCH,
MS
RACH.
. 1.12
.
. GSM
69
F-FCCH,
-, -: PCH/AGCH
-
(51
MS
235
0-
2-
1-
10
10
)
3-
10
10
RACH (51
235
4-
11.
H'"p--o,MS<~
i111~111111111~111111111~111111111~111111 ll~llllf
9 10
1920
3940
2930
49 50
0-SOCCH - 8 , A-SACCH - 8
(51 , 235 )
-
MS
0-SOCCH - 8 , A-SACCH
(51 , 235 )
- MS ( )
- 8
-, - - 3 ,
A-SACCH - 2 , 0-SOCCH - 4 (51 , 235 )
- MS
00
D-SOCCH -4 , A-SACCH
R-RACCH - 27 (51 , 235 )
- MS ( )
- 2
03
R/
00
01
02
03
Ri
00
01
02
00
.
1.31.
SACCH; - ; - ; D - SDCCH;
F - FCCH; R - RACCH; S - SSCH
70
1.12.
FCCH
SCH
AGCH
RACH
SDCC/4
DCCH
SDCC/8
FACCH
SACCH
. , . 1.31, 1.31, , .
1.8.
.
1.32
(RPELTP)
(
)
( PE-LTP)
1.32.
. GSM
1.8.1.
71
( ,
)
GSM
lar Pulse Excitation - Linear Predictive Coding).
(RPE-LPC, Regu-
, *.
,
,
.
,
20
260 ,
13 /. -
(full rate). [3]
GSM
. - .
1.33.
: ()
,
[30, 36].
---------------------------------------------------------~
1
1
1
1
L------------------------- ---------------- ------------J

----------- --------------- ---------------- ------------i
1
1
---------------------------------------------------------~
.
1.33. -
GSM-1900
, ,
, - .
72
(EFR -
Enhanced Full-Rate).
1.8.2.
13 / [70, 85].
, ,
.
(convolution encoding)
GSM
(lock
interleaving) [8, 25].
. , , .
-,

20 20
1
la
50
132
(.
260
1.34).
11
78
260
.
1.34.
,
, .
:
- 50 ;
- 132 ;
// - 78 .
Ia (3 )
. ,
.
.
132
Ib
189 .
53
(convolution coding) [6, 22] -
(constrain
. GSM
length).
73
.
,

(.
1.35).
(code rate)
r. . 1.35 = 3
r =1/2,
0()1()0 =1
1()0()1 =
0()1()1=0
1()1()0=0
1()0()0=1
0()0()1=1
0()1()0=1
01
10
00
10
11
01
01.
r------.-----.-------.--.......---.,.-------,.------.---~
.._...,.....__.__.---'---"-----'--..........-_ _._......,.___..._--__.____,....-....
...
.--.........---.-----.-------.--.......---.,.------.
__.__ __,__ _,___1...;..__._1_1_..___0_1___.__ __,
..__
.
1.35.
: =
r = 1/2
74
GSM
= 5.
(r = 1/2), 5 .
, 378 ,
78 ,
. , 20-
22,8
456
(.
1.36)
/.
50
l
189
!:::!
ID
"'~
11
lb
132
JI ....
:I:
[~
189
11
78
\
(\}
i::::
"'ID
:I:
()
1-
!::.::
ID
!i1
)!
:I:
:I:
456
(.)
i::::
1.36.
Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying).
[3, 22]
(MSK).
(GMSK-
,
.
GMSK
180

.
.

. ,
0,7
GMSK
2 / )
, .
,
. GSM
75
.
,
GSM
( , ).

(
Ia),
50
G(X) =3 + + 1.
(
).

[3, 7].
, (
) ,
, .
(
).
,
[76-78],
1.8..
/.
/
()
,
, .
,
.
()
[41, 49].
( ),
..
[115],
,
i
GSM 456 (
8 57 .
.
.
.
(. .
1.27).
1.37.
76
114
114
2
3
456
6
7
114
.
1.37.
, .
GSM
.
(,
).
(normal burst).
114
( ).

(session key).
. .
. GSM
1.9.
77
GSM
, , , , .. ,
(fade).
, . -
(multipath propagation)
. ,
-
, ,
.
26
,
.

GSM
.
,
ffiA. ,

GSM,
, ,
,
.
BTS
. -
, .
,
.

, , .
78
(DTX -
Discontinuous Transmission mode) -
40 %
, D .

DTX, ,
Voice Activity Detector).
(VAD -
, , .
,
. , ,
DTX
. , , , ,
,
GSM.
, ,
,
, .
. (),
,
, .
.
.

, .
20, 8, 5, 2,
0,8
,
, ,
.
. GSM
79
(BSC),
BER)
, , ,
.
,
.
,
, .
, .
2

2.1.
CDMA
(D
Multiple Access) -
Code Division
[45, 80, 105].
, .
.
D .
2.1.
8; ___....
______..;
2.1.

()
,
(). ,
. .
CDMA
81
, , ,
(spreading
spectru)
[119].
, (
)
.
. ,
D,
, (
).

, .. .
()
(D):
;
.
2.1.1.
, .
[119, 120]
2,
-1,
2
.
2.1.
+1 -1.
1 - +1.
1 ( 15),
(1, , 4).
,
, (.
2.2),
, (
) .
2 -1.
4
() -
() ( , ..).
82
2.1.
Xz
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
"1
.
2
10 11 12 13 14 15
,1
10 11 12 13 14 15
1.
,1
1 .
10 11 12 13 14 15
,1
1 .
2
.
3
2.2.
10 11 12 13 14 15
CDMA
83
.
,
N-1
D=~>k2k,
k=O
N -
ak -
k-
2.2
, . ,

2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15.
, .
2.2
2.1.2.
,
,
.
. ()
. :
1.
(cross correlation)
Cij
/2
f W; (t)Wj (t - )dt.
-/2
, .
2.
l /2
C;/t) = W; (t)W/t - )dt =.
-/2
, ,
=), .
84
3.
l
R;(:) = -
/2
f W; (t)W; (t - :)dt =.
-/2
,
.
. , (
) , ..
.
. 2.2 23
101, 120, 121 ].
=8 [3, 22,
-1,al-a+l.
2.2.
WAL(8,1)
WAL(8,2)
WAL(8,3)
WAL(8,4)
WAL(8,5)
WAL(8,6)
WAL(8,7)
WAL(8,8)
00000000
00001111
00111100
0011 0011
0110 0110
01101001
01011010
0101 0101
WAL (I,J) 1 - ,
-1, - (
,
).
.
2.3
, ,
2.2.
= [] :
[22].
CDMA
~rWAL(i~ii~-~-----1
1
r~- --~1;;;,------1
1 1\2\3\4\51617181!
11
L---------------------------------------1
~;~;;-;:;------l
+1
'-1
85
1 1
1L---------------------------------------'
~;-;;-----!
!+ 1
! -1
~
=JI
3 4 L..L...OJ 7 8 1
L---------------------------------------1
1
1
L---------------------------------------1
~-,-00110---i
1+1 ~
~
!
!-1 1 2 3 L..L2..J 6 7 1
1+1
! -1
1
1
L---------------------------------------1
1
1
L---------------------------------------1
r:r7J~o;o;-;;;;o-----i
1+ 1 ~ !
~s;~-,-;o;o~
1+ 1 !
! -1 1 2 w 4 6 L1J 8 1
!-1
1
1
!
1
1
2.3.
2 =(~
Hs=
~}
4=
2 4
1 1
1 1
1 8,8
1 1
1 1 8,4
1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1 8,2
1 1
8,7
1 1 1 1
8,3
1 1
1 8,6
1
1
L---------------------------------------1
L---------------------------------------1
~--1
~
!
1 2 3 w 5 l...0.......2.J 8
8,1
8,5
, .
.
.
2.2.
2.2,
2.2.
86
( )
8.8 (0101 0101)
8.6
(0110 1001).
[ (-1) (-1)] +[ (lxl)] +[ (-l)xl] +[lx(-1)] +[ (-1) xl] +[lx (-1)] +[ (-1)(-1)] +[lxl] =
1
.
.
.
.
D.
2.1..
()
, (

2)
. .
2.4
1
1
1
5
6
1
1
1
2.4.
R2
Ro
1
R1
1
1
1
( .
2.4
CDMA
87
g 1, g 2). N 2N
.
, ,
. ,
,
,
. ,
i' -1.

-.
, -

. .
-

[61].
, ,
. , ,
, ,
..
2.1.4.
[23, 61 ].
,
,
1- -
(-1, -1, -1, -1);

2- - (-1,+1, -1, +1);
3- - (-1, -1, +1,+1).
, :
1-
(110);
(010);
3- (001)
2-
1 +1
-1,
1-
(+1 +1-1);
(-1 +1-1);
(-1-1 +1)
2-
3-
. . 2.5' i -
88
3- . .
-1
+1
+1
1 +1
.
-1
-1 1
+1
+1
+1
-1
+1 1
2.5.

(), .
2.6
2.3.
~ ,_:J.".__
. __~_ _~....,
~
2 _: JLR,____,____,Flj
--1j1 +1
LFlJi
--+--~-....---..--+--_.._-~1-.
_ __.__+--....---+-..........
3
2
1
_+---1f--~--.--..........-+----+-~--+---+--~1----1.---'-
_
1
-2
-3
.
2.6.
2.3.
110
010
001
-1, -1, -1, -1

+1, -1, +1, -1
+1,+1,-1,-1
+1, -1, -1, -3
-1, -1, -1, -1

-1, +1, -1, +1
+1, +1, -1, -1
-1,+1,-3,-1
+1, +1, +1, +1

+1, -1, +1, -1
-1, -1, +1, +1
+1,-1,+3,+1
CDMA
2.7
2.4
89
2.
2
1
-1
-2
-3
"--:::~ _;l-LJ=L1LJ{;
-1 ___...______,
-2
-3
+4
-4
-4
.
2.7.
2.4.
+1, -1, -1,-3
-1,+1, -3, -1
+1, -1, +3, +1
-1, +1, -1,+1
-1, +1, -1, +1
-1, +1, -1, +1
-1, -1, +1, -3
+1, +1, +3, -1
-1,-1,-3, +1
-4
+4
-4
2.
90
+4, -4.
+1 -1.
1 3.

, ,
(.
2.5.
2.5).

(-1, +1, +1, -1)
+1, -1, -1, -3

-1, +1, +1, -1
-1, +1, -3, -1

-1,+1,+1,-1
+1, -1, +3, +1

-1, +1, +1, -1
-1,-1,-1,+3
+1,+1, -3+1
-1,-1,+3,-1

11
3
CDMA
(chip rate) Rc =
(. .
2.6).
1/ ,
/.
Gain ),
Factor),
Rc (R =1/).
PG =SF =Rc!R =!
(PG
-Processig
(SF
-Spreadig
,
.
.
PG
(PG),
2.2.
2.2.1.
CDMA
(CDMA),
91
(I
communication Industry Association).

[71-75]:
- IS-95 D - ;
- IS-96 D - ;
- IS-97 D - ;
- IS-98 D - ;
- IS-99 D - .
Tele-
2-
cdmaOne.
3-
cdma2000 [65, 82, 83].
, D:
9,6 /, 4,8 /, 2,4 /;
( );
;
( );
;
;
;
2.2.2.
2.8
CDMA IS-95.
(BTS, BSC, MSC,
GSM,
. .
1.1).
IS-95
Selector Unit). ,
, D

(SU -
BSC,
(MSC)
SU
BSC.
,
.
92
r------1
-1
-11
SU
----,
i-i
~L______ 1,
BSC '
---i---'
1
_:------:
-_l __,
--.
-11 su 1
- i s
1 1
1
1
"L_____ _: -------'
2.8.
BSC
BTS
DB
ISDN
MS
MSC
Base Statio Cotroller

Base Trasceiver Statio
Data Base
ltegrated Service Digital Network
Moblle Statio
Operatio d it Ceter
PDN
PSTN
su
Packet Data Network

Selector Uits
Trascoder Equipmet
2.2..
CDMA
(forward).
(reverse) [14, 31, 48, 59, 60, 75].

IS-95 824
849 . - 869 ... 894 .
45 .
1,2288 /.
- 128
9,6 /. D IS-95
. 2.9.
CDMA
93
i1
-
(Forward
hl)
i1
( FTCH -
Forward Traflic
hl)
,._
1
(Reverse
hl)
(RTCH -
Reverse Traffic
Chanel)
( Canel)
Paging
Access Channel)

Pilot hl)
(PICH -

Synchronizatio
(SCH -
Channel)
2.9.

.
, ,
.
,
.
(
), ,
, .

.
20 .

, .
. -
94
64
( ),
1,2288 /.
.

(.
).
, ()
, ,
,
.

GPS.
(PICH -
Pilot Channel)
,
, , .

(SCH -
Synchronizing Channel)
1200 .
, (
Paging Channel)
- 7 .
.

.
9600, 4800, 2400 .
(FTCH - F orward Traffic Channel)
,
,
.
D
. ,
. , ,
,
:
/)
RS-1 (1200, 2400, 4800 9600

RS-2 (1800, 3600, 7200 14400 /).
CDMA
95
, .
64
2.10.
, .. ,
64 .
64,
64 :
1-
(WO),
(W32),
(Wl, W2,
W,
W4, W5, W6, W7),
- 55
.
CDMA
1,2288

WO
W2
W1
W8
2.1 .
.___31___.____33__,_[:: :....___ _,
w
W63
- Access Channel)
,
.
, (),
. ()
.
(RTCH - Reverse Traffic Channel)
96
2.3.
2.3.1.
[14, 121 ],
/
9,6 (19,2)
1,2288 /.
---------------,
1------
5
4
1,2288
L----------------1
2
.
2.11.

(.
2.11).
. .
1.
(CELP- Code Excited Linear Prediction) [67].

9,6 /,
2.
8,55 /
4 16 /).
(
)
(convolution encoding)
(.
1.8.2.).
CDMA
: =
= 1/2.
9,
20
(r = 1/2)
19,2 / (384 20 ).
3.
97
9,6
. , ..
20 ,
, . ,
.
,
.
(24
20 ,
19,2 / 384 .
16) .
, .
,
, , ,
.
4.
( ),
42 .
()
, .
, ..

8, 7
42 .

.
42
813,8
1 1,2288 / (
).
5.
). , ( )
,
.
, , -
98
2n - 1
IS-95
42- .

1,2288
19,2
/,
64- .
,
(
). .
.
,
20%
.
:

6.
,
..
l 2, ,
1,2288 /. (19,2 /)
64 . ,
, .

0,
(,
),
1 -
( ).
.
.
, ,
64 ) , .
7-8.
(1- -) -
CDMA
99
(QPSK).
=32768
215
,
1,2288 /.
.
15-
.
g(x)1
=x1s + + 9 + 8 + 7 + xs +1,
g(x)Q
=x1s + 12 + 11 + 10 + + xs + 4 + +l.
1 2
.

1,2288
/.
32768 26,66 (32768/1,228810 6
=26,6610-
).
32768
511
64
512 ().
,
D
[24].
(Frequency Hopping
F D
D)
9.
(Time Hopping
D).
[24].
CDMA
,
.

.
615
1/Q-
2.12.
, ,
,
, , .
2.11.
100
--------------
1
1
17
1
1
2.3.2.
2.12.
,

.

20 .

( ) , .
2.11.
9,6
20
1/3.
28,8 /,
64
,
. ,
.
/. ((28,8/6)64
307,2
= 307,2).
, ,
.
.
.
,
.
101

, ,

1/2
Q-
QPS.
,
.
2.12.
).
.
15- ,
511
2.4.
CDMA
64
CDMA
, ,
GSM,
, . :
,
2.4.1.

(
). ,
MS
,
.
*
.

W32
SCH,
(. .
2.10).
42- ,
320
' ( ) -
102
. .

. ,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
2.4.2.
MS ( ) MS (
2.13 [14, 60].
GSM.
) .

.
.
1.
).
2.
),
(MIN - Moile Identification Number), (ESN -Electronic Serial Number).

3. ,
,
.
.
4.
, ,
( , ),
,
.
5.
MS
6.
( ) .
7.
103
Calling Identification Number).

8.
(CIN -
CIN.
( ).
9.
10.
MS
MS

2
3

4

5

6

7

8

()

()
8
( )
8
( )

CDMA
2.13.
-"'
104
BTS
MS

. , .

MIN
2,
ESN;
2.4..
.
.
2.14.
(VE,
cation and Voice Encryption) [123]
Cellular Authenti128 ,
Shared Secret Date).
(SSD -
-,
, . VE
. :
64 ,
SSD
SSD-A
SSD-B (64 ) -
.
,
.
18
,
.
:
(global challenge),
(unique challenge),
.

SI-.
- ,
- :
) -;
) ;
CDMA
105
) ;
ming)
--------------------------------1

OTASR (Over The Air Service Reprogram-
i----------------------------1
-----------------"
HLR/AUC

(SSD)
MSC
~'--~---'-'-___..:..(S_S_D.:..)--~.--------~

(V)
~---+--!
(CAVE)
'
,/.../\\
CAVE
----- ______________________ J
18-
SSD-A
SSD-B
CAVE
2.14.
OTASR
m
VE
code mask).
(SSD-B)
(private long
- Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm) - 64 , (Data ) 32 . ,

.
, -
106
D.
,
, D
, .

, .
(Enhanced
), ,
.
,
.
2.5.
CDMA
[22, 111]:
- hard handover;
() - soft (intercell) handover;
() - softer (intersector) handover.
.
.

. ( ,
),
.
,
D;
- - - (
-);
D.

.
-
107
Selector Unit).
SU,
(SU -
.

. -
.
(diversity handover).
. ,
.
.
,
.

. ,
SU
,
.
,
,
2.5.1.
- D
, .
(PICH),
. -

. .
-
,
. -
(
).
, .
108
-, ,
( ).

(three fingers)
(R 1 -),
. , R-
, -,
-.
,
(channel assignment).
- ,
-,
. -
, ,
-,
, -,
. -
(),
(). -

(). -
- 20.
-, ,
, .
(PN).
R - . ,
(
.
- fingers)
CDMA
109
, - . , ,
- ,
,
. -
, ,
, .
, .
,
-:
-SR_WIN_-
;
- SRCH_ WIN_ N -
- SRCH_ WIN_ R -
SRCH_WIN_A
SRCH WIN
, ,
-
-.
. ,
,
,
.
1.
, :
1 ;
5 ;
- , 1-95, -1,2288
- - 300 106 /.
:
(1/(1,2288106) 0,814 ;
1000/(30010
=3,333
1000 (1
):
/;
110
3,333/0,814 = 4,1.
5
20,5
20,5 -4,1=16,4 .
SRCH_WIN_A ~ 216,4 = 32,8 33 .
2
2.
16
(.
2.15).
.
,
6 10
(.
2.15).
10
16
.
2.15.
SRCH _WI N_ A
S-
300 106 0,81410-6
244'
6000
244
= - - = 24,6
10000
244
= - - = 41,0
d = 41,0-24,6 = 16,4 .
CDMA
111
10000
244
= --=
41,0
= 6000 = 24 6 .
244
'
d =41,0- 24,6 =16,4 ,

SRCH_WIN_A ~ 216,4 =32,8 .
, - ()
.
SRCH_WIN_N
SRCH_WIN_N -
, ,
-.
,
SRCH_WIN_A.

- ( ),
.

.
,
6 .
, -
,
1.
1,
- 6000/244 = 24.6 .
2 24.6
, (
1 2) ,
SRCH_ WIN_ N
SRCH_ WIN_N
112
SRCH_WIN_R
, ,
, ,
2.5.2.
SRCH_WIN_N.
T_TDROP,
T_TDROP
T_DROP,
T_ADD,
_,
T_DROP
-.
T _TDROP
, . ,
-
. -
T_DROP, .
T_TDROP - ,
T_DROP,
.
-
-.
T_ADD
-, ,
, .
.
T_ADD
, -
.
, -,
, ,
.
, ,

, ( -
CDMA
113
_
).
T_ADD
,
. ,
.
T _DROP
,
. ,
,
,
, . _DROP

T_TDROP
T_ADD
T_TDROP.
T_ TDROP
, -
. ,
, .
T_TDROP
, -,
, .
.
2.6 .
2.6.
ADD
DROP
TDROP
-31,5 ... 0
0 ... 7,5
-31,5 ... 0
0 ... 15
-l
2,5
-15
2
,
-.
CDMA
(PSMM -
Pilot Strength Measure-
114
ment Message ),
(HDM - Handover Direction Message),

( Handover Completion Message ),
- (NLUM Neighbor List Update
Message).

. ,
,
HDM.
PSMM
/;
;
-;
(T_ADD, T_DROP, _,
T_TDROP).
HDM :
- ;
- CDMA;
- ( -
);
, -.
.
-
(NLUM)
- .

,
T_ADD,
_,
T_DROP, T_TDROP.
-
. .
2.16
.
.
1.
2.16.
(T_ADD),
-
-.
(PSMM)
CDMA
2.
115
(HDM),
-, .
3.
, -
().
4. - DROP.
5. .
PSMM.
6. (HDM)
7.
HDM.
,
.
8.
(NLUM),
-.
- .
BSC
MS
HDM
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
2.16.
T_TDROP
- .
, - -
116
.
, -
. -

T_ADD
(.
2.17,
1),
PSMM .
(.
2.17,
2),
PSMM
> _,5
(.
2.17,
3),
_,5
(1)
.
2.5..
2.17.
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Frame Error Rate)
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(access attempt).
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quence );
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11
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20- . , ,
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CDMA
129
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130
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11
2.23.
CDMA
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131
(FLPC -
Forward Link Power Control) -
.
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2.24.
,
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FER
FER
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2.24.
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5.
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133
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Radio Service)
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ierarchical
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ture );
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136
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AMPS
Advaced
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Moblle h
Service
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Oigital AMPS
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Evolution
FH-COMA
GPRS
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Frequecy Hoppig
Geeral
Packet Radio Service

Global System for Moblle
GSM
Commuication
HOR
HSCSO

UWC-136
-
WCOMA
1
High Oata Rate

Hight Speed Circuit Switched
Multi-Carrier
Personal Oigital Cellular
Universal Wireless
Communication IS-136
Time Hopping
Wideband
1 Multi Carrier
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3
Multi Carrier
IMT-2000
2007
. ()
1935-1950
2010--
2015
2125-2140
137
3G
1.
3G,
3G,
,
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.
2.
WiAX,
).
3.
3G

. ,

3G,
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,
, ,
, .
3.1.2. IMT-2000

3G
1992
., ,
.
,
10
[128),
ture
FPLMTS (FuLand Moblle Telecommunication System -

) [125).
Puic
IMT-2000 (Intemational
Moblle Telecommunications for the year 2000 -
2000).
IMT-2000 :
- (. 3.2);
-
20 /;
- 2000 ,
;
2000 .
138
,
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, .
cweb

~~~l....
3.2.
IMT-2000
,
. ,
IMT-2000
IMT-2000
FPLMTS [125]
IMT-2000,
, :
(LAN),

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- (MSS - MoSatellite Service)

(GMPCS-Global Moile Personal Communication Satellite).
IMT-2000
ile
,
.
139
,
,
.

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,

.

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.
1999
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(
) ,
.

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IMT-2000.
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.
:
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1992
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.
IMT-2000.
, .
,
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128-384 /.
~~
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(online)
CD).
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3.1 [21, 114].
142
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40
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144
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1992 ,
3G .
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IMT-2000.
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[6, 114].
IMT-2000
[46].
.
, G,
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144 /.
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Services) [65, 68],
UMTS (Universal
Moile
IMT-2000.
Telecommunications
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, 2G
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160 . , ,

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145
600
500
400
300
200
100
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2520-2670
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146
. ,
UMTS
2700-3400
2700
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3332-3339
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D,
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Direct Spectrum),
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EDGE (UWC-136).
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,
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,
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G,
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G.
WCDMA
D (WCDA)
, .
1998
GSM
ARIB
GSM.
WCDA,
GSM,
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service),
D.
5 .
cdmaOne,
WCDMA,
10 20 .
, GSM.
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' GPS (Global Positioning System).

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.
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cdmaOne.
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148
WCDMA ,
GSM .
TD-WCDMA
TD-WCDA
(Time Division - Wideband Code Division Multiple ss)

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. ,
D D. D
,
D-,
.
D. .
3.5
TD-WCDA.
: ,
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1.27),
10
15
12
13
12
13
14
15
13
14
15
14
12
=64
TS
TS
625,0
. 3.5. TD-WCDMA ( UMTS):
G-
TS -
UMTS
149
FDD (Frequency Duplex Division)

(TDD).
FDD
, 190 . ,
, .
.

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, .
, /
.

TDD

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WCDA
.
,
, , . .

3.6
12
7 (5 ).
2100
1900-1920 1920-1980
.
2010-2025
2110-2170
2200
3.6. WCDMA/UMTS
UMTS
1996
WCDA
(UMTS Universal
Moblle Telecommunications Services).
UMTS , GSM, ,
GSM,
. UMTS
WCDA, GSM.
. G,

2G
150
WCDA N
DoCoMo
Jphone [44].
N
DoCoMo
. ,
, .
348
64
/ ,
(
).

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dafone, Cingular Wireless, Siemens
DoCoMo,
Alcatel,
DoCoMo, Vo-
(4G).
1 /.
4G 2010 .
cdma2000

cdmaOne
D.
G,
,
.

2000
cdma2000,
IS-95.
cdmaOne .
cdma2000 ,
cdmaOne
, , ,
. ,
WCDA, ,
. :
cdmaOne,
cdma2000
WCDA
2000
GSM.
Motorola Nokia
lXtreme, , ,
, , ,
, . ,
,
, D,
, ,

cdmaOne
Qualcomm.
D lXtreme
151
D .
IS-95b
WCDMA.
3.2
[128).
3.2.
D-
cdmaOne IS-95b
cdma2000 lXMC
cdma2000 lXtreme
cdma2000 HDR
cdma2000 3
WCDA(UMTS)
, /
1,25
1,25
1,25
1,25
3,75
5,00
1,2288
1,2288
1,2288
1,2288
3,6864
4,0960
115,2 /
384,0 /
5,2 /
2,4 /
4,0 /
4,0 /
64
144
1200
621
1117
1126
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1 ( -
IS-95b - ,
Multi Carrier).
,
,
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,
IS-95c.
2000.
cdma2000,
IMT-
WCDA,
cdmaOne,
, .
, ,
: WCDA .
HDR

1,
1,25
(HDR- High Date Rate)-

Qualcomm.
QPSK
(8- )
16-QAM
8-PSK
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).
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152
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307,2 /
32 ,
3 .
240
,
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.

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).
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Qualcomm
3.
1Xtreme
,

HDR,
HDR
Nokia
Motorola [123].
3G
D. D
GSM (EDGE -
Ehanced Data rate for GSM Evolution).
GSM , HSCSD (High-Speed

Circuit Switched Data -
) GPRS.
EDGE (UWC-136)
GSM
UMTS.
IMT-2000.
UMTS GSM,
EDGE
, , ,
.
,
tions Consortium -
UWCC (Universal Wireless Communica ) -
153
, D.
GSM,
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EDGE.
D-APS ,
3G.
cdma2000,
WCDA
, .
, , ,
EDGE,
2048
384 /.
3G,
GSM,
/),
IMT-2000
- ,
.

EDGE -
200 ,
EDGE
EDGE
IMT-2000
UWC-136.
.
,
GSM.
2000
GSM
, ,
, (
, ). .

3.3
EDGE WCDMA [20].
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, /

, /
,
,
/

( ),
EDGE
WCDA
128
384
384
2048
GSM (450, 900,

1800) PCS (1900)
0,2
1920-1980
2110-2170
5
1DA/8-PSK
DS-CDA/QPSK
1 (.)
0,125
154
EDGE
(EGPRS, Enhanced GPRS)

(ECSD, Enhanced Cir-
cuit Switched Data).

GSM GPRS, TDMA
0,577 . .
GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
) 8-PSK, ,
HDR.
cGSM.
EDGE
GSM . ,
, GPRS ( ) HSCSD
( ).
EGPRS
EHSCSD.
EDGE,
GSM.
EDGE,
8-PSK
GMSK, EDGE
3.4).
(.
.
. ,
.

(
8-PSK).
3.4. EDGE
(MCS)
, /
,%
MCS-1
8,8
143
GMSK
70,4
91
GMSK
89,6
, /
MCS-2
11,2
MCS-3
14,8
45
GMSK
118,4
MCS-4
17,6
22
GMSK
140,8
MCS-5
22,4
187
8-PSK
179,2
MCS-6
29,6
117
8-PSK
236,8
MCS-7
44,8
43
8-PSK
358,4
MCS-8
55,4
18
8-PSK
435,2
MCS-9
59,2
8-PSK
473,6
155
EDGE Compact
EDGE
D-AMPS, UWCC ,
EDGE Compact, ,
. ,
.
EDGE Compact .
- ,
D-APS.

3.3.
3.3.1.
HDR
D.
UMTS
UMTS
3.7.
1.1, 1.3, 1.4).

3G ,
[28]. : , UMTS
UE (User Equipment); ,
- ; (BSC)
(MSC).
GSM
(. .
WCDA
-
(RNC -
Radio
Network Controller).
UE UMTS (UTRAN - UMTS Terristrial
Radio Access Network)
,
WCDA. ,
work) [102, 106] -
GSM.
CN (Core Net-
,

, .
UMTS
UTRAN,
, ,
156
CN,
(UE - User Equipment),

Uu.
lu
UMTS
ADC
NMC
,-------'
1
1
1
--------
'
'1
1
---1-CS
SS7
1
1
SS7
lur:
PSTN
PSTN
RNC
MSC
TCP/IP
MSC
ISDN
'
TCP/IP
ISDN
lur
1
1
1
RNC
s
:
1
1
1
1
1
J
1
1
1
1
UTRAN
'
CN '
L----------------------------------'
.
ADC
AuC
BTS
EIR
HLR
1-CS
1-PS
ISDN
lu
lub
lur
MS
MSC
NMC
PSTN
RNC
TCP/IP
3.7.
UMTS:
Admiistratio Ceter
Autheticatio
Base Telephoe Statio

Equipmet ldetificatio
Register
Home Locatio Register
lterface hl Switchig
lterface
Packet Switchig
ltegrated Service Digital Netwok
lterface UTRAN-CN
lterface BTS- RNC
lterface RNC-RNC
Moblle Statio
Network Maagemet Ceter
Operatio d it Ceter
Radio Network Cotroller
lteret Protocols
UTRAN-CN
BTS- RNC
RNC-RNC

/-
UE
UTRAN
Uu
VLR
User Equipmet
UMTS T.errestial RAN
lterface UE-BTS
Visit Locatio Register
UMTS
UE-BTS

157
UMTS
UMTS
, ,
, ,
, (,
, , ,
).

UMTS
, ,
PLMN (
). PLMN [108]
PLMN , ,
, ISDN, PSTN, .. . 3.7 PLMN,
(PSTN, ISDN, TCP/IP).
UMTS
UTRAN
3.3.2.
(UE) :
,
Uu;
US-SIM
Identification Module),
(USIM - UMTS Subscriber
SI- ,
,
,
.

, , :
(. .
3.3);
(ISDN),
(TCP/IP);
473,6
best
effort*;
best effort -
158

, ;
- .
UTRAN ::
( G*
lub
Uu.
.
.
( G
- RNC)
1-CS 1-PS.
,
.
RNC.
, .
.
[16].
.
3-
3.3.3.
WCDMA.
(RNC),
3.8,
,
;
(
);
lub,
1,5/2 / [106];
-
155 /
lub;
UDI);
' G (Third Generation Partnersfip Project) .
159
Iu-
1,5/2 /. ,
3.8, 160 ,
MSC -.
softswitch [18].
1,5/2 -1,5/2
ALT-1,5/2
WOS
Ethernet
~----'
WOS
Ethernet
~----'
PWC
TU
RSU
3.8.
ALT-1,5/2
DHT
Link Terminatio
Diversity Hadover Termial
-1,5/2,
Exchage Termial
MIO
Multiplexig lput/Output
i Processor
Power ti
Referece Clock Uit
BTS RNC
RNC MSC
/

-155
lu
lub
PWC
RSU
RNC
TU
WOS
Timig Ui
WCDMA Operatio
System
WCDMA
160
UMTS UE
RNC. ( )
(SRNC Service RNC), -
(DRNC - Drift RNC).
3.3.4.
UMTS.
(MSC) UMTS,
3.9,
GSM (. 1.3.3). MSC
(, ,
ISDN);
-

-7;
,
;
(PSTN,
ISDN
MSC
RNC
ISDN ..);

Iub,
ISDN
,
,
, , ,
, ;
,
;
GSM
MCS
UMTS
MSC
, -.

GSM :
(HLR Location Register),
161
GSM,
(VLR -
Visit Location Register),
RNC
1,5/2
HLR.
-155
UADP
PADP
IWF
WOS
Ethernet
WOS
Ethernet
GSM
IWF
ETPRI
BRl(2B+D)
ISDN
-155
PWC
TU
.
3.9.
BRI
Basic Rate lnterface

Echo Canceller
-1,5/2, Exchange Terminal
-155
IWF
MSC
PADP
POTS
PRI
PWC
RNC
TU
UADP
wos
lnterworking Function
Multiplexing lnput/Output
Main Processor
Moblle Switching Center
Packet services Adaptation
Plain Ordinary Telephone Services
Primary Rate lnterface
Power Connection
Radio Network Controller
iming Union
UDI services Adaptation
WCDMA Operation System
()

UDI
WCDMA
162
RNC, MSC
UMTS
- ,
RNC.
RNC
MSC, RNC lub,
ISDN - -
MSC
MSC
MSC
, , ;
IU-T
ISDN;
-;
G.729
MSC);
I-.

, ,
, ,
ISDN
(BRI)
ISDN-
(PRI
ISDN
BRI),
IU-T Q.931(3), Q.921(2)
1).
1.430/1.431
I--
IETF RFC 1483.
IWF . 3.9)
GSM.
I-

10 /.
(PADP),
I-
(IPR)
UDI (UADP)
PRI.
CS (Channel Switching),
163
PS (Packet Switching)
(.
3.10).
PS
.
/
BSS
BSS
CN
GGSN
HLR
MSCNLR
SGSN
3.10.
Base Statio System

Core Network
Gateway GPRS Support Mode
Home Location Register
Moblle Switchig CeterMsit
Locatio Register
Servig GPRS Support Node
GPRS
GPRS
GPRS
( )
- SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node -

GPRS), MSCNLR (
, ),
;
- GGSN (Gate GPRS Support Node) -

() GPRS .

3.3.5.
MSC.
, UMTS/WCDA,
, '1 () .
.
164
UMTS
D ,
, ,
(. .
1.27)
() (. .
1.29)
[60].
10- ,
UE
16
625,0
UE

.
: ,
.
,
.
,
, ,
.
Media Access Control)
.
.
Channel)-
( Broadcast Cotrol
UE (DL- downlink).
UE,
( Paging
Control Channel) ( ). PICH (Paging
lndication Channel), .
.
UE
(DCCH -
Dedicated Control
Chanel) (
). ,
UE
Control
Chanel) (
). ,
Control Channel)
(SHCCH -
Shared Channel
().
(TDD -
Time Duplex Division)
165
WCDAIUMTS
.
(DTCH - Dedicated Traffic Channel).

.
(
Traffic Channel)
).

UE.
.
()
Dedi-
trasport hl) .
cated
DCH
UE.
UE
UE).
(DCH -
Broadcast Channel)
UE .
, (F - F orward Access Chanel) (
). UE,
. F.
UE,
( ) ( -
Pagig hl) .

UE,
SS-,
, ,
.
()
nel) -
(RACH -
Radom
Access Chan-
UE,
(-
Packet Chanel)-
UE . ,
RACH, .
(DSCH Downlik Shared Chanel) - UE.

, > ,
w-, ,
(, ).
166
Control Physical Channel)
UE).
Primary
Control Physical Channel)
UE,
(SCCPCH -
UE)
Secondary
(PRACH - Physical Random

Access Channel) ( UE ).
UE
.
()
Dedicated Physical Data Channel)
(DPDCH -
().
()
(DPCCH -
Dedicated Physical Control Channel)
().
UE.
(TFI -Transport Format Comblnation Identifier).
UE
(CPICH -
(FBI - Feedback Information).

Pilot Channel).
, UE
.
,
UE
Channel). AICH ,
(DCH),
(AICH -Acquisition Indicator

UE
UE.
(PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel)
UE).
UE
UE
(SCH -
Synchronizing Channel).
(I).
UE
167
.
,
UE
(PICH - Paging Indication Channe[)

UE
().
PICH UE .
(CSICH - Status Indication
Channe[) - ,
UE .

.
/ (CD/CAICHCollision Detection/Channel Assignent Indication Channe[).

UE , ,
.
3.4.
UMTS
UMTS . 3.11.
B-ISDN
UTRAN,
(access stratum, AS) - ,

UE UTRAN;
- (non-access stratum, NAS)- ,
CN UE UTRAN.
-
) , ,
(113].
(C-plan)
, , .
,
(.
:
3.11).
168
- RANAP (RAN Application),
(RNC-MSC),
Iub;
- RNSAP (Radio Network System Application),
RNC-RNC), Iur;
-NBAP (Network Base station Application),
RNC.

3.11. UMTS
(U-plane)
, . ,
, ,
, .
UTRAN
, .
,
(SVC -
Signaling Virtual Channel),
169
, .
(
) .
,
.
- , (
) (
).
;
;
-.
. .

tion),
UMTS
ALCAP (Access Link Control Applica-
. ,
-
, .
(
) ,

ALCAP,
ALCAP
,
.
ALCAP
UMTS
ALCAP
(&).
3.5.
3.12
UMTS.
170
UE
(RRC) -
: ()
RL,
RRC
RLC
RLC
ML2
"'
RANAP
RANAP
SMLNNI
UMTS
CS/PS
SAALNNI
UMTS
CS/PS
(RRC)
UE
MSC
SGSN
lu CS/PS
lub
. .12.

BTS
Layer 2
Asychroous Trasfer Mode
Base Trasceiver Statio
ti Maagemet
AAL2
lub
lu CS
lu PS
Adaptatio
lu Circuit Switchig
lu Packet Switchig
Media Access Cotrol
Moblle Maagemet
MSC
Moblle Switchig Statio
NBAP
Network Base statio
Applicatio Protocol
RANAP
RAN Applicatio
Radio Lik Cotrol
RLC
RNC
RRC
Radio Recourse Cotrol
SAALNNI Sigalig AAL NNI
SAALUNI Sigalig AAL UNI
Servig GRPS Support Node
SGSN
User Equipmet
UE
Uu
(RNC)
(BTS)
Uu
.\
~i
UMTS:
RNC
RNC MSC
RNC SGSN

()

-

UE -
GPRS
RNC,
171
(BTS)
[87].
2 (AAL2).
AAL2

,
.
3.5.1.
trol) -
RRC (Radio Resource Con[57],
Iub.
3.4.
RRC :
- RRC;
-'- (RLC);
- ();
RRC :
-
UTRAN;
- - ,
UE
;
;
, RR-
UE
UTRAN;
,
;
, RR-;
;
U- ;
;
;
;
RRC
172
.

.
. .
3.5
3.5.
(r)
UE=>SRNC
DCCH
UE=SRNC
DCCH
UE:::::>SRNC
SRNC:::::>UE
SRNC:::::> UE
DCCH
UE:::::>SRNC
DCCH
SRNC:::::> UE
DCCH
UE:::::>SRNC
DCCH
SRNC:::::> UE
DCCH
SRNC:::::> UE
DCCH
UE:::::>SRNC
DCCH
SRNC:::::>UE
DCCH
()
URN-
UE Capabllity
Information
Direct Transfer
RRC Connection
Request
RRC Connection
Setup
RASetup
UE

RR-
RRC-
RR-
R-
R-
Complete
Release
Complete
Handover
Command
Active Set Update
R-
Release
NAS
RASetup
NAS
RRC-
RAB-
Active Set Update

Complete
Paging
(RRC)

R-
R-
R-
UE
UE RRC
R - Radio Access Bearer - .

SRNC - Serving RNC - RNC.
NAS - Non-Access Stratum - .
(RLC)
(RLC) [117, 124]

3 :
173
1. TrD (Transparent mode Data).

2.
(UMD - Unacknowledged Mode Data);
3. (D -Acknowledged Mode Data).
RLC :
- ;
- ();
- (, );
- ;
- ;
-
;
;
;
;
;
/ .
.
.
TrD
(, ).
RLC ,
TrD
, .
UMD
).
UMD

RL-
(PDU),
(SDU).
.

.
UMD PDU
RLC
).
, .
D (
). , D
,
PDU,
RL-
SDU.
174
. :
, ;
;
.
PDU (Piggybacked Status PDU)
(, ,
.).
[117, 124].
(Media Access Control)

[126].
- ( Broadcast Channel);
- ACc/sh - (
- Common Control Channels);
- MACd -
(DCCH - Dedicated Control Channel).
(PDU)
( SDU).
SDU
, .
.
-''"''"
TCTF 1
~~~~d 1UE-ld 1
.
3.13.
-<"'"<m
SDU
3.13.
1
TCTF (Target Channel
Field) -
175
(RACH) (F).
TCTF F FDD - 2 8
, TDD - 3 5
. TCTF TDD - 2 4
UE-Id type -
, ,
UE-Id
(UMTS Radio Network Temporary Identity) -

, UMTS;
01- C-RNI (Cell Radio Network Temporary Identity)-
00 -
U-RNI
10 -
(PDU
(PDU
);
11 -
).
UE-Id
U-RNI
UE
UE-ld, :
(DCCH),
C-RNI
Channel)
(Date Transmission
(Date Synchronizer Channel)
FDD
DCCH; .
UE-Id :
- U-RNI-32 ;
- C-RNI - 16 .
/ ,
.
FACH
RACCH,
.
/
. ,
/ :
- 0000 - 0001 -
1;
2;
176
- 1110- 15;
-1111- (PDU ).
3.5.2.
Connection Management)
,
,
. :
(, );
: , .
.
.
3.14.
3.6.
3.6.
3.14.
01
( )
Alerting
Call Proceeding
Progress
04
Estaishment
02
05
Setup
06
Estaishment
07
Connect
Call Confirmed
Start
RECALL
Emergency Setup
Connect Acknowledge
08
09

OxOF
Confirmed
177
OxlO
User Information
l
17
Modify Reject
Modify
18
Hold
19
Hold Acknowledge
OxlA
Hold Reject
Retrieve
OxlC
3.6
- Mobllity Management)
Mobility Management) [117]
, .
3.15.
8
3.15.
- 0101
- 0000.
3.7.
3.7.
0001
IMSI Detach Indication
0010
Location Updating Accept
0100
Location Updating Reject
1000
Location Updating Request
IMSI
178
. 7
OxOl
0001
0010
0100
1000
1001
1010
1011
OxlO
Oxll
Service Accept
Service Reject
Service Abort
Service Request
Reestaishment
Request
Abort
Status
3.5.3.
TMSI
SI
0001
0001
0010
0011
0100
1000
1001
Authentication Reject
Authentication Request
Authentication Response
Identity Request
Identity Response
TMSI Relocation Command
TMSI Relocation Complete
lub
UMTS
.
: - ,
.

:
SONET, SDH .
(
)
(CS).
(CN)
[19].
(S-AAL Signaling
Adaptation Layer).
3.16):
(.
Specific Coordination Function),
(SSCF -
Service
-
-
(SSCF UNI - User-Network Interface)

(SSCF NNI - Network-Network Interface);
179
(SSCOP -
Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol);

- ( UMTS
AAL5,
).
SCCP
-3
SSCF (UNI
NNI)
SSCOP
ML
3.16.
UMTS
( )
17, 35]. :
- SCCP (Signaling Connection Control Part) -
[1, 10, 11,
GSM.
-3
, ,
, , ..
. ,

(Q.2150.1)
(CN)
AAL2 (Q.2630.1)
SCCP.
(PS). ,
MUA-3 (Mail User Agent) -
(.
3.17).
()
. .
SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) -
.
,
TCP/IP-2000 [112].
180
IP
UDP.

.
.
[112].
Tunnelling Protocol) -
GPRS.
GTP (GPRS

, .. .
MUA-3
SCTP
IP
AAL
3.17.
UMTS
( )
3.6.
GSM
UTRAN
UMTS
. ,
, :
RNC
Iur;
UE
(BTS).
,
GSM.
3GPP [58, 118, 126, 129],
[88, 89, 99, 100, 116, 118].

3.18
UE UTRAN,
[116, 118]. ,
. 3.8-3.10.
UMTS
1
.
UE
-RRC
-
.....--.----,
RRC NBAP
NBAP
CCCH,DCCH
ocL. Rf\CH,FACH, DSCH

1
--
RANAP
RNC
lub
Uu
NBAP
181
NBAP RNSAP
f+- -
RANAP
CN
lu
RNSAP
RRC
RANAP
--
RANAP
RACH,FACH
~
UE
f!
Uu
.
3.18.
nn<
1 il
_n!J~
-~
DRNC
lub
UE
SRNC
lur
UTRAN
lu
CN
( ):
) ; )
3.6.1.
RANAP (RAN Application Protocol) -
/.

(RNC),
(GTP -
GPRS Tunneling Protocol),
..
[87, 113].
GPRS (SGSN),
MSC
UE
(CN).
RANAP
RNC,
RANAP :
- ;
- ;
- .

.
3.8.
(RANAP)
182
3.8.
(r)
Initial UE Message
()
UTRAN
NAS (Non-Access Stratum)
RN-
=> CN
R (Radio Access
Bearer) Assignment
(R)
(R)
RN-
RN-
Assignment
Complete
Relocation Required
RNC
vN
RN-
RN-
RN-
RNC
=>CN
=> CN
=> CN
URAN
=> CN
=>CN
(CN)
=> GS/SS
GSM/SS => UTRAN
CN => RNC
CN => RNC
CN => RNC

RN-
Relocation Request
RNC
CN =>
CN =>
CN =>
CN =>
RNC
(CN)
UTRAN => GSM/SS
GSM/SS => URAN
RNC
RNC
RNC
CN => U RNC
RN-
Relocation Request
Acknowledge
GSM/SS
=> UTRAN
RNC => CN
RNC => CN
RNC => CN
RN-
Relocation Command
CN => RN-

RN-
Relocation Detect
Relocation Complete
CN =>
RN-
GSM/SS
=> UTRAN
GSM/SS
=> UTRAN
RNC => CN
RNC => CN
RNC => CN
RNC => CN
RNC => CN
RN-
Relocation Faile
RN-
RN-
=> CN
Iu Release Command
lu
CN=>RNC

RN-
lu Release Complete
Iu
UTRAN => GSM/BSS
CN =>
CN =>
RN-
RN-
RNC => CN
RNC => CN
RNC => CN
N

RN-
Paging
UTRAN =>
GSM/SS
CN =>
RN-
3.6.2.
183
Base station Application Protocol)
(NBAP -
Network
Iur.
,
, .
(abstract syntax notation one),
NBAP
, .

NBAP
NBAP
PDU
. .
3.19
PDUNBAP.
NBAP PDU
ID
()
ID
3.19. NBAP
ASN .1 -
[69].
NBAP PDU. .
ID. ,
(error indication).
.
.
. ,
().
. ,
()
ID.
NBAP.
, ,
NBAP
3.9.
184
3.9.

(.)
Radio Link Setup
(.)
(NBAP)
UTRAN
RR-
Radio Link Setup

Response
RR-
Node => RNC

NodeB=>RNC
NodeB =>RNC
RNC=>NodeB
RNC=>NodeB
RR-
RNC::::>NodeB
RNC=>NodeB
RNC=>NodeB
Radio Link Addition
RNC=>NodeB
RNC=>NodeB
RNC=>NodeB
Radio Link Addition

Response
Radio Link Deletion
Radio Link Deletion

Response
RR-

Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare
RAB
NodeB=>RNC
NodeB=> RNC
NodeB=> RNC
RNC=>NodeB
RNC=>NodeB
Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready

Radio Link Reconfiguration Complete
Paging
3.6..
NodeB=>RNC
NodeB=>RNC
RNC::::>NodeB
RNC=>NodeB
RNC=>NodeB
(RNSAP - Radio Network

Subsystem Application Part) :
- ;
- DCH (Dedicated transport Channel);
- .

UTRAN,
Iur.
D- ,
DCH RNC
lur.
185
UE.
-.
RNSAP
, .
3.20,
3.10.
5
3.20.
3.20
2-3
RNSAP
[69].
, .
(.
3.10).
3.10.
()
Radio Link
Reconfiguration
Prepare
()
URAN
SRNC~DRNC
SRNC~DRNC
Radio Link
Reconfiguration
Ready
SRNC
SRNC
Radio Link
Reconfiguration
SRNC~DRNC
SRNC~DRNC
RadioLink
Reconfiguration
Response
DRNC~SRNC
DRNC~SRNC
Radio Link
Reconfiguration
Complete
SRNC~DRNC
Radio Link Addition
()
SRNC~DRNC
DRNC~SRNC
()
SRNC~DRNC
DRNC~SRNC
~DRNC
~DRNC
SRNC~DRNC
Radio Link Addition

Response
Radio Link Deletion
Radio Link Deletion

Response
SRNC Relocation
Complete
()
SRNC
SRNC SRNC ~
RNC
186
3GPP [118].
3.6.4.
.
,
3GPP 25.931Vl.1.011999-06.
, ..
();
,
, ,
,
;
;
;
(DTB -
lu/lur
Data Transport Bearer)

(ALCAP)
, ,
,
RLC
RRC,
.

.
.6.5.
, .. .
.
3.21.
(CN).
187
, (
1),
CRNC (Control RNC).
( 2). ,
, UE ,
. 3.21 UE ( 3-5).
RNC -
NodeB
CRNC
CN
. .21.

3.6.6.
(paging):
- UE (. 3.22);
- UE,
(.
3.23).
UE.
UE
UE
(.
(RRC)
(pagig)

3.22).
1. (CN) UE
(LA - Location Area), RNC (RNCl RNC2),
RANAP ( )
(paging).
188
UE,
( ).
2. RNCl
RNC2
NBAP
) (,
Node
1.1, Node 1.2).

:
UE.
3. UE, 1. : Paging
. 3.22
.
4. UE, 2.
5. UE ,
RNCl,
(NAS -
Non-Access Stratum).
Node
Node
1.1
1.2
RNC 1
RNC2
CN
2 Paging
3.
4.
Paging
Paging
5. NAS:
3.22.
UE
RRC (. 3.23).
189
DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel).

RNC
CN
2. DCCH: Paging
3.23.
UE
UTRAN
, ,

SMS. :
1. UE
RANAP .
2. RNC (SRNC)
(paging)
DCCH,
(RRC).
3.6.7.
UE, CN NAS. , NAS -

(Non-Access Stratum) - , CN UE
UTRAN.
NAS UE
(. 3.24)
NAS UE, :
1. RRC (RR-
, . . 3.5).
2. UE SRNC RRC
UE
: UE, ,
, ,
.
190
RRC
NAS
3,
3. UE
SRNC
RN-
RRC
: , ,
, ,
GSM, ...;
(CN), NAS.
4. SRNC CN
RN- UE.
: NS- , ,
, ,
...
NAS UE
NAS.
CN
SRNC
1.
2. DCCH:
RR-
3. DCCH:
3.24.
CN
UE
NAS
3.6.8. RRC

RRC
(DCH)
DCH. SRNC DCH
RR-,
(RNI) RR-.
.
3.25.
1. :
191
SRNC
2.
RRC
4. ALCAP:
5.

6.
3.25.
: RR-
()
1. UE
RRC
RRC
(CCCH-
Common Control Channel).

:
2.
DCH,
(BTS)
, ,
3.
UE, .
FDD), 1 ( TDD),
( TDD), .
.
: ,
4. SRNC
AAL2,
AAL2)
Iub.
ALCAP
(-
192
cess Link Control Application Protocol).
DCH.
lub
AAL2
5.
SRNC
lub.
6.
FDD).
RR-
:
SRNC UE.
UE,
(RNI), , (
(
TDD),
FDD),
TDD),
3.7.
UMTS
CDMA.
, .
. ,
, .
,
.

. ,
CDMA,
.
,
UE
RNC
UE.
RNC
,
.
UE
RNC.
, (
), .
193
()

(RSCP - Received Signal Code Power)

(received signal strength indicator).
, RNC.
, RNC UE
- ( );
- ( ).

, g
3.7.1.
(.
3.26)
RNC (DRNC),
RNC (SRNC), (BTS).
,
.
(.
1. SRNC
3.26).
(DRNC),
UE, Iur
DRNC
RNC.
UE.
RNSAP
RNSAP,
, ,
FDD),
1 (
TDD),
( DD), ,
.
2.
DRNC,
DRNC
(NBAP) ,
, ,
FDD),
( TDD), .
( DD),
194
SRNC
DRNC
DRNC
1.
2.
4.
5. ALCAP:
5. ALCAP:
lub
6.
~-~-~-r~-~-~----~-----~~--~---~-----7.
8.
D:
D:
3.26.
( )
lub
3.
195
, , ,

NBAP.
: ,
(
AAL2,
AAL2
).
.
4. DRNC
RNSAP
SRNC
: ,
(
AAL2,
AAL2
), .
5. SRNC
(ALCAP)
AAL2,
Iur/Iub,
Iur/Iub
DCCH.
6.
SRNC
.
.
7. SRNC
DCCH
RR-
( )
UE (.
3.5).
: , ,
, , ,
( N-).
8. UE
RR-
3.7.2.
(.
3.27)
RNC (DRNC),
RNC (SRNC).
(. 3.27).
1. SRNC ,
, RNC (). SRNC (
) UE DCCH RR-
( ).
:
, .
196
SRNC
DRNC
DRNC

1. DCCH:
2. DCCH:
4.
5.
6.
7. ALCAP:
2. UE
3.27.
7. ALCAP:
( )
RR- .
3. SRNC (
DRNC (
.
.
: ,
.
4. DRNC
N- .
: ,
.
5.
N- .
6. DRNC
197
( ) RNS-
SRNC
7. SRNC
3.7.3.
ALCAP.

, ,
RNC (DRNC),
(SRNC).
RNC
3.28.
. .
:
1-6. . 1-6 .
7. SRNC DCCH RR-
. .
.
, ,
, ,
(N-).
8. UE
,
.
9-11.
..
(. .
3.8.
3.8.1.
4, 5, 7
3.27).
(CN)
SRNC
DRNC,
3.29.
.
, .
198
SRNC
DRNC
SRNC
DRNC
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. ALCAP:
5. ALCAP:
~--.~__.-------~~~11::'~~~~~~~8..:r~~1~~~~~1::'~~3~~~~------
7. DCCH:
8. DCCH:
9.
10.
11. ALCAP:
. .28.

DRNC
SRNC
7,
8.
11, lub
13,
3.29.
,
lub
199
SRNC
200
3.8.2.
RNC
lur
UMTS ,
RNC UMTS .
. 3.30.
SRN
SRN
SRNC
DCH
1.
2.
() lur
3.
lur
4. DCH.
8.
3.30.
lur
1.
SRNC
2.
Iur
().
3. RNS- .
4. RRC.
5-8. .
3.8..
201
RNC
, ,
(.
lur.
DCH
DCH.
3.31):

RN
RN
2.
SRNC
3.
4. ALCAP:
6. ALCAP:
7.
8.
9.
10.
13.
14. ALCAP:
3.31.
lur ( DCH)
202
1. SRNC
RN-.
: RN-,
(RNI), , .
2.
RNC
RNTI,
( )

(NBAP)
: , ,
, (
FDD),
, ( D),
3.
FDD),
N- .
: ,

4.
RN-,
lub.
ALCAP,
DCH.
5.
AAL2
lub
lur -.
RNC
SRNC
6. SRNC,
ALCAP,
lur.
AAL2
Iur DCH.
Iur - RNC.
7. SRNC RR- UE.
8. RR- RNC
, UE SRNC.
9. SRNC RNS-
RN-.
10.
RN- N-
-.
: ,
.
11.
- . ,
m RN- .
12.
RN-,
ALCAP,
13.
RN- ,
RNSAP
14. SRNC,
ALCAP,
AAL2
203
Iur.
Iur DCH.
Iur - RNC.
3.8.4.
MSC.
UE
RNC (SRNC)
(CN). SRNC ,
RNC
3.32. .
1-2. RN-
.
: ,
,
3-4.
RNC.
(CN)
RNC
: ,
, ,
-, (
).
5-6-7. RNC CN Iu
.
RNC
,
.
:
RN-.
8-9.
RNC,
10.
RN-
UE
RNC.
RR-
( ).
11-12.
RNC
UE,
UE,
Iu.
RNC,
/
(AC/RLC) .
204
RN
1.
2.
MSC/SGSN1
MSC/SGSN2
5. ALCAP:
lu
6.
1. DCCH:

( )
1.
DCCH:
18. ALCAP:
lu
3.32.
CN (UE
MSC)
13.
205
RR-
UE
RNC
RR-
RNC.
14-15.
RNC MSC/SGSN 1 .
, , ,

UE
, ,
.
,
,
.
3-10, 13-14.
16-17.
Iu-
RN-, RN-
Iu.
18.
RN

URAN,
3.9.
RRC.
3.9.1.

(.
3.33)
RNC
RNC
RNC.
UE
RN-. , ,
UE
SRNC
(RN-),
CN
UE.
1.
RN-
. RN-
UE.
RN-
C-RNI
(Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier).
2. RNSAP
RNC (SRNC). SRNC UE RN-.
206
3.
3.32.
(S-RNI
- Serving Radio Network Temporary ldentifier) .

4. RN-
RNC (SRNC), RRC -
, S-RNI, S-RNI,
SRNC.
RN-
CN
SRNC
C-RNTI

(RNI, )
2.

SRNC
3.
SRNC
S-RNI
4.
-:
~
~?
.
3.33.
.9.2.
RNC
GSM
UMTS (UTRAN)
3.34.
GSM.
UTRAN
207
GSM
UMTS
RN
4.
8.
9. DCCH
12.
~
13.
14.
$-$
.
3.34. GSM/BSS ~ UTRAN
208
1.
BSSMAP BSC
MSC
GS-
2. MSC -
UMTS (CN UMTS).
3. CN RN-
RNC.
4.
RNC CN RN-.
5. MSC UMTS (CN UMTS) -
.
6-7. GSM.
8. RNC UE, CN
9.
RR-
UE
RNC
RNC.
10.
RNC
CN.
RN-
11. CN - MSC.
12. MSC BSC.
13. BSC GSM
14. MSC -
UMTS (CN UMTS) .
3.1 .
UMTS
UMTS/WCDMA
GSM.
TDMA,
UMTS .
, D,
GSM.
UMTS/WCDMA,
, ,
World Administrative Radio Conference) 1992

IMT-2000,
2000 .
(WARC -
1885-2005
2110-2200
209
UMTS.
- 1920-1980 2110-2170 -
(FDD) WCDA,
UE (downlink) UE (uplink)
- 5 - 200 .
3-4 (215 220 )
;
- 2010-2025
TD/CDA).

200
(TDD,

-1980-2010 UE
(uplink), 2170-2200 -
UE (downlink).
, 3G
1935-1950, 2010-2015, 2225-2240 .
UMTS WCDA
. 5 .
UE
. UE
(QPSK).

-,
DQPSK
GSM.
QPSK).
(I Q)
(spreding)
,
.
.
.
.
(spreading code),
. WCDA
210
) ,
. ,
,
.
3,84 /.
QPSK
UE
().
512.
15
7,68
/.
/,
. ,
.

, , ,
.
, ,
,
. .
,
, ,
.
, .
, :
(OVSF -
Orthogonal
Variae
Spreading Factor codes),
.
.
,
,
.
(OVSF)
UE,
(PN)
UE.
UE
, ,
UE.
211
, ,
UE,
UE
. ,
,
-512.
UMTS
.
,
(ARS
Rate System).
Adaptive Multi-
. ,

GSM.

. ,
, .
, UMTS/CDA

(DTX -
Discontinuous Transmission)
( ).

UE
UMTS/CDA , ,
.
( ) .
UE
288
10 ,
(PICH -
Paging Indication Channel)

300
12 .
(PI -
Paging Indicator),
PI
, ,
.
(PSCH)
UMTS,
212
(SSCH).
, ,
(PN)
VSF-.
. .
PSCH, -
SSCH.
256 ,
. UE
. UE ,

, ,
,
, .
.
15
(256
16
) .
64
UE
, ,
. .
SSCH
UE
, , ,
.
64 , 8 .
UE
8
(CPICH - Common Pilot Channel). , UE
,
(
Primary Common Control Physical
Channel).

2.6.
CDMA
UMTS.
, D,
UMTS
UE
. , ,
, .
, . -
213
, -. ,

, , , .
.
. ,
, ,
UE.
:
.
UE
. ,

. ,
.
, ,
UE
UE
).
(
UE
).
(1 -
). ,
, ,
.
UE
.
,
4

802.16. WiMAX

-
(Worldwide Interoperabllity for Microwave Access -
)
WiAX

IEEE
802.16,
[62, 103, 127].
WiAX
( *) IEEE 802.16,

WiMAX.
(AAS -
Adaptive Antenna System),
,
.
,
WiAX, ,
VoIP,
WiAX
,
,
xDSL.
' -
, ,
.
().
802.16. WIMAX
215
,
, , ,
, WiAX
.
WiMAX
4.1.
WiMAX,
WiMAX -
IEEE 802.16-2004 (Air Interface Standard) 7
2005 IEEE 802.16-2005,
Cetecom Labs
, ).
7 2005 IEEE IEEE 802.16,

IEEE 802.16.
, WiAX [53]. IEEE 802.16, ,
WiAX Forum
(. 4.1). ,
, WiAX .
IEEE
802.16-2005
...---------.

WiMAX..
Release-1
IEEE 802.16-2004

4.1.
WiMAX
216
WiAX
( )

.
WiAX
(OFDA
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access),
[3, 22]
N/n
, ,
. ,

, .
1,25
20
IEEE
802.l
OFDA (S-OFDA
WiAX
Forum,
Scalae OFDA)
[109].
,
, .
WiAX
,

[90-92].
,

.
NWG (Network Working Group),
WiMAX Forum
,
, ,
.
IEEE 802.16
IEEE 802.16 WiMAX Forum
Wi-
.

WiMAX
,
.
,
WiAX, .
802.16. WiMAX
217
MIMO* (Multi Input - Multi Output)

, .
WiAX

63 /
28 / .
(QoS)
(IEEE 802.16 Media Access
Control). WiMAX
DiffServ - ,

QoS.
WiAX
ing).
(MPLS -
Multiprotocol Label Switch-
I-
QoS.
(subcanalization)

ile
(Mo-
Application Part).
.
WiMAX
1,25
20 ,
, ,
,
..
.
tication Protocol).
Extensie
Authen-
SI- ( , .).

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)
' MIMO
,
.
218
( -
Hash based Message Authentication Code).

SIM-
(Smart Card), ,
:
USI-,
-.
. WiAX
()
50
, ,
VolP.
4.2.
OFDMA
OFDM.
(OFDM -
quency Division Multiplexing) -
[,
.
Orthogonal Fre-
5],
4.2.
1- n
1- n
&
L.Q
..-----.
..-----.
n- n
- n
4.2.
OFDM
(
). -
802.16. WIMAX
.....
219
........
. ,
, .

OFDM,
, .
OFDM,
4.2.
. , ,

200,
.. -
nw.
akcos kwt +
()
+ bk sin kwt.
, , :
N-1
x(t)
= + ~] ak cos kwt + bk sin kwt].

k-1
, ,
, .
,
().
.
x(t)
, ,

x(t),
.

,

, ,
().
FD- (.
4.3)
. 1
, ,

, .
' ,
, .. .
220
4.3.

() ,
.

.
4.3.
FD-
OFDA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)

[51, 52] , . 4.4:
- ;
- - ( );
,
.
-)
, .
, , , ,
.
.
802.16. WiMAX
221
4.4.
-
.
*
:
(FUSC - Fully Used Subcanalization);

-
(PUSC - Partly Used Subcanalization);

-
- Adoptive Modulation and Coding).
. (
) , .
,
**
.

,
.
* (DL -
Down Link) -
- .
** (UL - Up Link) -
, - .
,
222
, :
-;
,
.

.
.
4.3.1.
OFDMA
IEEE 802.l-2005
OFDMA - S-OFDMA
()
(Scalae
OFDMA) [109].
)
(
.
- FFT - Fast Fourier Transform). S-OFDMA

4.1. WiAX Forum
()
5 10 ( . 4.1
).
4.1. S-OFDMA
1,25
1,4
128
2
F"'
NFF

10
5,6
512
,2
=/8),
FD-
(
4.3.2.
=1/f),
Ts
= + ~,
5 )
1024
16
20
22,4
2048
32
10,94
91,4
11,4
102,9
48
-
,
48
802.1. WiMAX
4.2
(109]
223
4.2.
(DL FUCS)
1,25
128
22
106
96
9
2
10
1024
173
851
768
83
16
5
512
86
426
384
42
8
20
2048
345
1703
1536
166
32
,
.

(. .
17%
4.3, 4.4).
4.2
, .
, . ,
4.2
345.
2048
1703

-,
. -
. l.
48.
4.3..
(48 ).
32 (1536/48
=32).
DL PUSC
14
OFDM,
224
. -
4.5.
- 14
4.5.
od
0000 0000
- ;
@)-
OFDM:
4.3.
, (
).
-.
4.3.
(DL PUSC)

/

-
4.3.4.
1,25
128
43
85
6/3
72
12
5
512
91
421
30/15
360
60
20
2048
367
1681
120/60
1440
240
10
1024
183
841
60/30
720
120
(tile*). 4- .
3-
OFDM
4.6
, .

24
4.6.
. 3- 243
. ,
24
' -
-.
, .
48
=72
802.16. WiMAX
9009
1-
0000
2-
9009
3-
225
90
1-
2-
3-
)
.
4.6.
) 3- 4- ;
) 3- 3-
EtJ -
-;
4.4.
4.4. (UL)
1,25
10
20
128
512
1024
2048
31
103
183
367
97
409
841
1681
24
102
210
420
17
35
70
, .
4.6,
, .
226
4.3.5.
,
.
( - Adaptive Modulation and Coding - )
(DL) (UL), ,
, .

-.
N -
(N = 6),
, :
2 , 3
6 , 1 ; 3
1 , 6 .
,

.
,
,
[51, 52, 109].
WiMAX
( ),
4.3.6.
WiMAX
FD- (
, ).
().
' ,
. ,
.
, (
).
802.16. WiMAX
227
FD-
.
.
ODFMA
, .
4.7
, .

(ID Cell
ID Cell
ID Cell Z).
ID Cell
.
,
.
.
4.7. OFDMA:
PUSC (Part Used Sub Carrier) -

FUSC (Full Used Sub Carrier) -
~--~-
4.3. 7.
:: : : : : : : : : ) -
TDD
IEEE
802.l '1
(TDD -Time Division Duplex)
quency Division Duplex).
(HDFDD -
Half-Duplex Fre-
228
FDD
TDD.
TDD
,
.
, ,
TDD
.
:
FDD
,
;
MIMO
FDD,
TDD
,
;
TDD
, , .
4.8
. - ,
/
/
(RTG -
(TRG -
Transmit/Receive Guard period)

Guard period)
Receive/ransmit
.
.
: , FD
.
, .

(FCH - Frame
Cotrol
Header):
,
, , ,
.
DL-MAP
L-:
UL
(ragig): ,
, ,
.
802.16. WiMAX
UL-
229
(CQI -Channel Quality Indicator)
( ).
,
UL
CQI CQICH.
: ,
OFDM
-1
N-1
FCH
UL
ULMAP
ID
DL
i:;
1
:i::
UL 2
"
~
i:::
S-1
"
::
S+1
QJ
i:;
~
:::;
DL
UL
DL
DL
QJ
Q.
Q.
UL
QJ
:::;
DL
DL
DL 6
UL-
UL 5
DL
4.4.
4.4.1.
4.8.
UL 6
TRG
RTG
OFDM WiMAX
TDD
WiMAX
WiAX ,
, ,
- Adaptive Modulation and

Coding), (ARQ - Hybrid
Automatic Repeat Request) (CQI),
.
230
WiMAX
QPSK (Quadrature PhaseShift Keying - ), lQ 64Q

(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation - ).
64Q.
:
(CC-Convolution Coding);
- Convolution Turbo Coding)
- (
- (
Block Turbo Coding);

(LDPC -
Density Parity Check Coding).

. 4.5
Low
, WiAX.
4.5.
QPSK, 16QAM, 64Q

1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6
1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6
QPSK, 16Q, 64Q

1/2, 2/3, 5/6
1/2, 2/3, 5/6
2,4,6
2,4,6
. -
( ).
,
..
(CQICH)

- .
,
(CQI),
/,
(MIMO)
.).

(ARQ
Hybrid Auto-
802.1. WiMAX
matic Repeat reQest).
231
.
,
. (

NAK)
, ,
WiMAX
,
.
(CQICH),
120 /.
4.6
US-.

48
FD-.
44
10
FD-
64QAM
4.6.

( )
,

-

Ts,
,
FD-
512
92
60
360
15
10
5
512
184
120
720
30
1024
104
136
272
17
102,9
5
48
44
1024
184
280
560
35
232
0,53
0,79
1,58
3,17
4,75
6,34
9,50
9,50
12,67
14,26
15,84
0,38
0,57
1,14
2,28
3,43
4,57
6,85
1,06
1,58
3,17
6,34
9,50
12,67
19,01
19,01
25,34
28,51
31,68
0,78
1,18
2,35
4,70
7,06
9,41
14,11
3/4
16Q
64Q
1/2
3/4
1/2
2/3
3/4
5/6
4.4.2.
1/2 6
1/2 4
1/2 2
1/2 lx
QPSK
4.6
",$
,1
. tt,28
11)47.
14,11
. 1J.82
: 21~17
23,S2
IEEE 802.16
, , .
DOCSIS (Data Over
Service Interface Specification [68]
, )
.

.
, ,
.

. ,
,
,
, .
4.4..
,
,
, WiAX -
802.16. WiMAX
(QoS)
233

, .
4.9.
QoS.

~~-~ QoS = QoS
"'3"
:s;
ID
8.
:s;
.....,..,..,.,.,....,.,...,....,.,.,
QoS
=QoS 2
:i:
ro
::
SID
.
4.9. WiMAX:
SID (Service ID) - ;
CID (ti ID) -
(peer-to-peer).
QoS,

.
.
4.7
QoS
4.7.
QoS
VoIP
WiMAX
QoS
234
QoS
QoS
(VolP)
4. 7
(F)
, -
W-
4.4.4.
WiMAX
, , , ,
.
:
.

. ,
QoS
-,
,
.

,

.
/,
,
.
4.4.5.
WiMAX
. ,
802.16. WiMAX
235
MS
, .
MS
MS
. ,

.
, .
4.4.6.
, .
,
,
, .
. (
). ,
.
.
.
256 . -
144 .
(BPSK - Binary Phase Shift Keying).
6 24

ID Cell.
.
:
NL-
;
;
.
()
(UL-MAP),
236

, .
.
: ,
FD-, .
,
ID),
(SID),
(CID -
Connection
.
, ,
,
. ,
.

.
,
.
.
4.4.7.
()
IEEE
802.l
(Hard Handover),
FBSS (Fast Base Station Switching)
MDHO ( Diversity Handover). , - , FBSS
MDHO - () .
IEEE 802.l WiAX Forum
, .

50 .
FBSS,
,

, .
(MS). ,
MS
.
,
- (S
Anchor Base Station).
802.16. WiMAX
FBSS,
237
. S
,
BS
BS) .
BS
CQICH.

FBSS
MS
S, .
MS
,
. ()
, ,
, S.
S
, .
FBSS
,
.

(MDHO),

,
, , .
,
.
MDHO
,
.
,
S.
4.4.8.
WiMAX
.
:
/;
238
;
;
.
:
.

Privacy and
Management protocol. Version 2)
IEEE 802.l,
2 (. v2 -
WiAX.
, / .

,
.
/. WiAX
,
(Extensie
col).
SIM-
Authentication Proto-
USI-,
-.
.
cryption Standard).
AES (Advanced En-
, .

, .
.
,
.
4.5.
4.5.1.
WiMAX
,
( ,
..).
OFDMA
MIMO
OFDMA
802.1. WiMAX
239
WiAX
.

:
.

,
STC
(Space-ime
Code).
,
.
SM (Spatial Multiplexing).
.

.
,
.
22
MIMO
, .

,
.
.
,
WiAX, .
4.8.
(DL)
N, -
(UL)
4.8.
N 1 ;;,.2,N,;;,.1
N 1 =2, N,?:. 1,
Ni?:.1,N,;;,. 2
N, -
N 1 =2, N, ?:. 2,
N,
=1, N,?:. 2,
WiAX ()
,

240
4.10.
, ,

. ,
(,
, ),

. (
,
),
.
(
)
- .
,
11
4.10.
(
) .
(PER -
Packet Error Rate)
, ,
802.1 . WiMAX
(SM)
PER.
241
(STC) [55]
,
.
WiMAX
(MIMO)
.
.
4.9
10 , 5-
48 FD-).
44
(DL/UL).
1:0
( ).
4.9.
DL/UL
lx2
SIMO
22
MIMO
lx2
SIMO
22
MIMO
DL
UL
DL
UL
DL
UL
DL
UL
MIMO
SIMO
1:0
3:1
2:1
3:2
1:1
31,68
23,04
4,03
46,08
4,03
23,04
4,03
46,08
8,06
20,16
5,04
40,32
5,04
20,16
5,04
40,32
10,08
18,72
6,05
37,44
6,05
18,72
6,05
37,44
12,10
15,84
7,06
31,64
7,06
15,84
7,06
31,64
14,12
63,36
31,68
63,36
0:1
14,11
14,11
14,11
28,22
MIMO - Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output - SIMO - Single-Input, Multiple-Output - -
;
.
MIMO
PUSC.
22
63,36 /.
( ) ,
.

14,11 / 28,22 /.
DL/UL ,
242

, .
WiMAX
DL/UL
3:11:1
.

.
. ,
.
, .

OFDMA

( ), ..
(, . .)
.

.
,
.
,
,
,
.
OFDMA
, .

OFDMA
(diversity-map scan)
(direct signaling method).
PUSC,
FUSC,
).
.

. .
4.11
802.16. WIMAX
243
(AAS)
, .
AAS (non-AAS)
AAS.
N-4
N-
.
.

PUSC/FUSC .
- .
4.11
,
,
, (
).

k+1
k+
k+2
k+4
k-+f!
k+10
"'
AAS
ID
ID
k+17
DL AAS
DL
DL
"'
ID
:!
"'\;,
"':!
:!
"'
u.
Q)
"'
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!J1
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Q)
:!
:I:
N-4
"'....
!J1
"'""' "'"" DL /
_.:,
AAS
DL
non-AAS
~.---------
AAS
DL AAS
4.11.
(DL)--------
DL
AAS
DL
244
(), ,
.
(TDD)
,

.
(FDD)
.
:
,
/. .

Allocation/Access)
BW (Bandwidth
UL- DL-.
()
RLT (Reverse Link Training),

RLA (Reverse Link Access), ()
FLT (Forward Link Training)
FLI (Forward Link Initiation).
(MS), - (BS).
RLA
BW.

FLI -
FLI).
MS (BS
BS
MS.
,
,
( )

BS
MS
. , ,
RLT,
BS
MS
, .
:
BS
RLT-
FLT -
MS.
OFDA
( ) . -
802.1. WiMAX
245
STC (Space Time Coding)

FDC (Frequency Hopping Diversity Cording).
,
.
[55].
(S.M. Alamouti)
. ,
.
,
j -
(i, j),
i-
. ,
, ,
.

.
. ,
.
4.5.2.
, ,
WiMAX
,
. , ,
, .
WiAX ,
.
,
, .
.
WiMAX
, .

, .
4.12,
246
4.12 Fl, F2,
.
, r
( ),
, (
).

4.5..
4.12.
Broadcast Service),
MBS (Multicast and

WiMAX,
, ,
(SFN -
Single-Frequency Net-
work);
;
;
- ;
.
WiMAX
MBS.
,
. .
4.13
MBS,
(DL/UL).
802.16. WiMAX
247
MBS
n DL
>
4.13. MBS, WiMAX
MBS
SFN (Single Frequency Network).
S-,
MBS
MBS.
()
(IE)
MBS -
MBS
,
.
.
,

OFDMA.
(ARQ
Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQest)
.
, ,
. .
248
4.6.
WiMAX
WiMAX
OFDA,
, ,
,
.
.
: .
4.10 -
, .
4.11 -
OFDMA,
4.12
WiAX
4.10.
[103].
WiMAX
3-
19
2500
( )
TDD
10
- ,
28
36
70 (-3 )
-
32
1,5
15
-1
43
20
23
2 4
2 4
1
2
802.16. WiMAX
4.11.
OFDMA
10
(FJ),
11,2
(NFF)
,
(
(!(
= 1/f),
= f8),
FD-
(Ts
= + Tz),
4.12.
249
1024
10,94
91,4
11,4
102,9
5
48
184
120
720
30
184
280
560
35
,

,
COST 231 Suburban

8
0,5
10
Cooperation in field Of Scientific and Technical research ( COST 231 Suburban -

[63].
COST -
- ).
4.7.
IEEE
WiMAX
802.l :
( -).
Ethernet,
(IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force), ,

TCP/IP, SIP, VoIP.
250
, , G,
, ,
,
. ,
,

.
[4]:
(fixed access);
(nomadic access);
(portae
access);
- (simple moblle access);
- (full moile access).
, ,
.
.
,
, .

. ,
.
,
.
WiMAX Forum-Network Working Group (

Service Provider Working Group (
),
.
WiAX
All-IP (Bce-IP).
. ,
(
All-IP
All-IP
, -
802.16. WiMAX
251

, , - ,
,
.
, , ..
, .
, ,
802.16 -
(IEEE
/) .
WiMAX
) ,
IEEE 802.16
Ethernet;
, ,
IEF
) I-;
) :
-
WiMAX
- ,
,
, ;
- ;
- , .
. :
) , ,
, ,
( - );
) ,
;
VoIP;
) ,
,
IP
W)
SMS,
WiMAX;
)
I- WiAX.
.
WiMAX,
252
, G,
DSL
MSO
, ,
, ..), ,
;
) WiAX,
,
, (
Authentication, Authorization and Accounting),
;
) ,
, ,
SIM (USIM)
(RUIM- Removale User Identify Module).
WiAX Forum WiAX NRM (Network Reference Model),
. NRM
(SIM),
,
. ,
(,
).
.
4.14
NRM,
(MS), (ASN - Access Ser (CSN Connectivity Service
vice Network),
Network)
. . 4.14 Rl ... R5.
,
ASN)
.
: , ,
NRM

, ,
, .
802.16. WiMAX
253
NSP
NSP
4.14. WiMAX:
- -
.... " .....
,
.
(ASN)

, ,
, .
ASN WiAX
WiMAX
,
.
(ASN) .
WiMAX Forum ,
CSN
IP.
() WiMAX
, ,
, ,
.

(NSP-Network Service Provider).
254
, WiAX,
, :
IP
, ,
, (
), , ;
) SN-
NAP (Network Access Provider)
NS;
)

CSN
ASN;
)
;
)
;
) ,
ASN
CSN,
CSN
, ,
MS, ASN
ASN,
CSN), ,
;
)
, ;
)

;
) ,
,
, .
4.15
, ,
.
WIMAX
IP-
Ethernet-ycy
. ,
, , Wi-
, .
WiMAX
: , .
, , :
802.16. WIMAX
255
4.15.
1 -
WiMAX;
WiMAX
IP:
WiMAX,
IEEE
802.l
;
) ,
;
)
, ,
;
) ,

, ,
(VPN);
) , I-
( )
.
{)
WiAX
. :
xDSL
MSO (Multi Service Operator),
WiFi,
G,
256
IP (IPv4
IPv),
;
, I-
(IPv4
IPv);
) ;
)
;
) :
- (
,
);
;
(
, ).
WiMAX
, .
:
)
, , ;
;
) :
( ), /
;
) ,
,
;
) ;
) I-,

, ;
)
, , - .
CSN
802.16. WiMAX
257
WiAX
. :
BS
)
( )
, ,
.
IEEE
802.l .
WiAX
(Ethernet, 1Pv4
IPv).
WiAX
. ,
(
) , I-.
:
) ;
) ;
) ,

(SLA -
Service Level Agreement);
, , , ..

, .
,
. , WiAX
Forum
, .

,
.
s .
GSM
BSe
- BTS.
2,048
/.
64 /.
-.
-
MSe
GSM
BSS
- s+),
BSS,
(), .
-.
-.
HLR
GSM
MSe
HLR.
D-.
GSM
VLR.
GSM
VLR.
, .
-.
GSM
s.
s .
-.
GSM.
().
-.
GSM
s .
, 25.
RAE-receiver
Um-.
MS
GSM
GSM
BTS.
-.
,
.
() ()
(Automatic Number Identification -
ANI) -
cated Control Channel) -
MS
(SDCCH - Stand-alone DediBTS, -
259
,
().
(ADC -
Administration Center) -
,
.
(Viterbl decoding) -
r (S
Secure Hash
Algorithm) -
.
(
-Asynchronous Transfer Mode)-
(authentication) -
(BTS -
Base Transceiver Station) -
, ,
.
()
(CN - Core Network) -
.
r
(softer handover) -
(videotex) -
(videotext) -
.
r
(VLR -
Visit Location Register) -
,
.
.
.
Temporary Moblle Subscriber Identity) -
(TMSI -
tion Roaming Number) -
(MSRN -
Moblle Sta-
, -
260
(SCCPCH -
Second1
Common Control Physical Channel) -
.
(F) ()
(DCCH -
Dedicated Control Channel)
, , , ,
, (), ..
sian Minimum Shift Keying) -
(GMSK -
Ga
, , 1

.
(ARQ 1
brid Automatic Repeat Request) - ,
N .
, 1
. (
N) 1
Satellite) -
(GPS -
Global Position:
, 1
communications) -
(GSM -
Global System for Mol
(active set) -
(ETSI).
, , (
).
-
(candidate set) -
-, .
- ,

.
-
(neighbor set) -
, )]
-, :
, -,
.
(PCG- Power Control Group)-
261
(constrain length) -
, ,
.
(HLR- Home Location Register) -
,
.
(portae
access) -
,
. ,
.
(full moblle access) -
. .
(nomadic access) -

, .
(simple moblle access) -
(fixed access) -
,
.
1 (DD
sion Duplex) -
Time Divi-
Division Duplex) -
(FDD -
Frequency
(, )
.
(CUG -
Closed User Group) -
,
.
262
(fade) -
, .
ing call) -
(barring incoming or outgo-
.
( ).
.
(coverage) -
(private key) -
.
.
(interface) -
, .
UTRAN
UE BTS.
lu 3- UTRAN
RNC BTS.
Iub - 3- UTRAN
RNC MSC.
Iur 3- UTRAN
RNC.
Uu -
3-
(Basic Rate Interface - BRI) -

(-)
)
(ISDN),
64 / (D-
16 /.
2,048
(Primary Rate lnterface - PRI) (ISDN),
Access Channel) -
, .

Channel) -
(AICH -
Acquisition Indication
UMTS, ,
UE (D),
, .
(PICH - Paging Indication Channel) - ,

UE -
263
(Paging Channel). PICH UE.
nel) -
(CSICH -
Status Indication ChanUE
/ (CD/CAICH
Collision Detection/Channel Assignment lndication Channel) -
(UMTS),
UE , ,
.
(RTCH -
Reverse Traffic Channel) -
D ;

.
(FCCH - Frequency Correction Channel) -
MS.
(AGCH -
UE,
Access Grant Channel) SDCCH
MS. BTS
MS .
UMTS
(FACH- Forward Access Channel)-
. ,
F.
(F
Forward Traffic Channel) -
D, ,
.
.
()
(RACH - Random Control CHannel) -
UE,
CDMA;
(SCH -
Synchronizing Channel) -
nel) -
UMTS
(DSCH -
Downlink Shared Chan-

, .
Traffic Channel) -
- Control Channel) -
264
Channel) -
(RACCH - Random Access Control
, .
(Network Interface Card -
NIC) -
, ,
.
ing) -
(QPSK -
Quadrature Phase Shift Key(00,01,10,11)
- (-Q
Quadrature Amplitude
Modulation) -
(quadrature signal image) -
(cluster) -
-
.
(clipping) -
(LPC -
Linear Predictive Coding) -
,
.
switch) -
, .
(CS -
Circuit Switching) -
(PS - Packet Switching) -
,
,
.
(BSC - Base Station Controller) -
UTRAN.
(RNC - Radio Network Controller) - 3GSM
(BSC).
(conferencing) -
() (
) .
(BER -
Bit Error Rate) -
(FER -
Frame Error Rate) -
, , .
265
(SF -
Spreading Factor)
()
Residual Excited Linear Predication) -

RPE-LPC ,
(RELP -
,
.
(RPE-LPC -
Regular Pulse Excitation Linear Prediction Code) -
, ,
.
, ,

.
ear Prediction) -
(CELP -
Code Excited Lin-
,
.
.
(LA -
Location Area) -
, .
(LAC - Location Area Code).
(keying) -
(, ,
).
.
Keying) -
(MSK - Minimum Shift

MSK
180 .
(router) - ,
,
.

(Hadamar matrix) -
266
national Moblle Station Identity) -
(IMSI -
Inter-
, , .

International Moblle Equipment Identity) -
(IMEI -
Multi-Pulse LPC) LPC;
(MPLPC -
, ,
(multipath propagation) -
(PLS
- Multipro-
tocol Label Switching) -
(D
sion Multiple Access) -
Time Divi-
, .
L (DA
Time Division Multiple Access
L). , ,
, ,
, .
(D
Multiple Access) -
Code Division
, ,
.
(FDA
Frequency Division Multiple Access) -
.
,
.
Network) -
(PLMN -
Pulic
Land Moblle
, (
).
(MSS -
Moblle Satellite Service) -
(MS -
Moblle Station) -
.
WiAX
OSI -
, .
(Subscriber Identification Module,
SI
, .
267
(modulatio)
(, ) ,
.
(bridge) -
(soft
hadover)
(S-OFDA
Scalae OFDA)
OFDM
z z,
( orthogoal D) -
D,
(SACCH - Slow Associated Cotrol hl) - ,

(,
) , .
(VAD -
Voice Activity
Detectio)
, .
UMTS,
(UE -
User
Equipmet)
(traiing
sequence) -
vice) -
(GPRS -
General Packet Radio SerGSM.

Shared Cotrol Channel) -
(SHCCH -
(TDD -
Time
Divisio Dplex) WCDA/UMTS;
.
-7
(CCS7 -
Commo hl Sigalig)
u (
Common Packet
Chanel)
268
(UMTS)
UE .
RACH,
,
.
Common Traffic Channel) -
(
),
UE.
Common Control Channel) MS. ,
() ,
G.
-
(CPICH -
Common Pilot Channel) -
(UMTS).
UE
quency Division Multiple) -
(OFDM -
Orthogonal Fre-
),
(orthogonal functions) -
(orthogonal CDMA) -
CDMA,
(, )
.
/N0
(energy to spectral noise ratio) -
, ,
(/), -
N 0 (/).
(pair bands) -
, ,
Common Control Physical Channel) -
UMTS
Primary
(, )
(, ).

(redirected call) -
()
(interleaving) -
, .
269
(OTAR -
Over The Air Reprogramming) -
(PICH -
D,
Pilot Channel) -
, , .

(pilot signal) -
(U-plane) -
,
, ,
, .

(C-plan) -
(UMTS),
, , .

(CT-plane) -
(S),

.
(frequency reuse) -
,
.
(BSS -
Base Station System) -

.
(
Message Transfer Part) -
-7,
, , .
naling Connection Control Part) -
(SCCP -
Sig-
-7,
,
.
(T_TDROP) -
, ,
.
(T_ADD) -
, -
- (_DROP)
,
.
(_)
,
.
270
{m-)
,
- .
{DTX -
Discontinuous Transrnission Mode) -
(DRX -
Discontinuous Reception) -
Direct Transfer
{DTAP -
plication Part) -
BSS,
MS
MSC.
.
{)
{BSSAP
Part) -
Base Station Systern Managernent Application
3- ,
{)
Station Systern Application Part) BSS
{BSSAP -
Base
MSC.
BSSAP
:
(BSSAP)
plication Part) -
{RNSAP -
(DTAP).
Radio Network Subsystern
(RNC-RNC)
/r.
{NBAP -
Network
Base station Application Protocol) -
( )
RNC.

Application) -
(RANAP -
Radio Access Network
RNC-MSC /.

(access probe) -
; .
IMT-2000 {lnternational Moblle Telecornrnunications 2000) -
3- .
.25
cation) -
{ALCAP -
Access Link Control Appli-
Access Procedure for the D-channel) -
D {LAPD -
Link
ISDN
-.
271
(time hopping) -
,
.
(pseudorandom sequence) -
,
, , (,
).

(DB - Dummy Burst) - ,

58 , .
, .
(diversity) -
(frequency reuse distance).
,
.
(spread spectrum) -
(spreading sequence) -
(,
CDMA).
ter) -
(EIR -
Equipment ldentity Regis-
IMEI
, , ).
(registration) -
(voice mailbox) -
(roumong) -
(convolution coding) - ,
k , - . .
, .

(sectorized antenna) -
(sectorized cell) -
272
UMTS - UTRAN (UTRAN -
UMTS Terrestrial
, ,
Radio Access Network) -
UMTS.
Circuit Switching Network) -
(CSN -
,
.

(PSN -
Packet Switching Network) -
(symbol).
(OFDM) -
, .
cdma2000 -
3- , 2-
D.
cdmaOne - 2- ,
(lXMC, 3).
EDGE (Enhanced Data for GJobaJ EvoJution) - ,
GSM; 3- ,
384 /.
(frequency hopping).
3-
(code rate) -
(NAS - non-access stratum) - ,

CN UTRAN.
(access stratum) - ,
UTRAN.
( - Access Burst) MS
BSS; (RACH - Radom Access Channel)

,
.
(FB -
Frequency correction Burst) -
(SB -
FCCH.
Synchronization Burst) -
, ,
(64
),
D .

SCH.
(SMS- Short Massage
Srvi)-
,
.
(random access) -
.
.
273
()
tic Channel) -
UMTS;
(DTCH - Dedicated Traf
.
()
transport Channel) -
UMTS,
(DCH - Dedicated
, .
UE
DCH
(DPDCH -
()
Dedicated Physical Data Channel) -
UMTS,
, .
()
Dedicated Physical Control Channel) -
UE.
UMTS,
(DPCCH -
(DES -
Data Encryption Standard) -

(, ).
(teletext) -
(telefax) -
- Terminal Equipment) -
- Transcoder Equipment) -
ISDN.
(traffic) -
GSM
MSC (64
/ ) ,
(, ,
.), .
.
UTRAN,
versal Moblle Telecommunications System) -
(UMTS -
Uni-
3- .
- Mobllity Management) -
3-
,
, .
274
(power control) -
,
.
(closed loop power control) -
, ,
,
.
(open loop power control) -
, ,
, .
, .
(BTSM Base Transceiver Station Management) - BSC-BTS (Base Station Controller - Base Transceiver Station) Ais
(RR - Radio Resources Management) -
3- ,
, .
Connection Management) -
3-
;
,
(SU -
Selector Unit)
, ,
. , .
(PSK -
Phase Sift Keying) -
,
k(2/), 2/
,
k-
cess Channel) -
(PRACH -
Physical Random Ac-
(UMTS)
(PDSCH -
Physical Downlink Shared Channel) -
>>
(UMTS)
BTS
.
.
(fixed access) -
,
.
275
(phonernes) -
2n
(Walsh functions) -
),
1.
().
>> ( )
(tail
its)
.
.
(handover) -
.
,
, (
over) -
Moblle Assisted Hand-
, (
Handover) -
Moblle Controlled
, ,
, . ,
.
(AuC -
Authentication Center) -
,
.

(MSC -
Moblle Switching Center) -
,
.
(NMC -
Network Managernent Center) -
, .
,
().
(
Maintenance Center) -
Operations and
work) -
(ISDN -
lntegrated Services Digital Net-
64
/.
(hi)- , .

(chip rate) -
276
()
(broadcasting) -
.
(
Broadcast Channel) -
. ,
, .
( ) (
Paging Channel) -
MS; BTS
MS
nel) -
Broadcast Control Chan-
, , , ,
, , ,
, .
( Paging
Control Channel) - , .
PICH
.
D (WCDA
Wideband
D)
(puic
key enckription) -
, .
: , ,
, .
MSC (gateway MSC) -
- ,
MSC

lXtrem
IMT-2000
G
hird
D Multi
BSS
BRI
BSSAP
Authentication, Authorization and

Accounting
Adaptation Layer
Adaptive Antenna System
Access Burst
Anchor Base Station
Access Channel
Address Complete
Administration Center
Advanced Encryption Standard
Access Grant Channel
Acquisition lndicator Channel
Access Iink Control Application
Iink Termination
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
Advances Mobile Phone System
Adaptive Multi Rate System
AnchorMSC
Answer Message
Access Service Network
Abstract Syntax Notation
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Authentication Center
Broadcast Control Channel
Broadcast Channel
Bit r Ratio
Binary Phase Shift Keying
Base Station Controller
Base Station System
Basic Rate Interface
Base Station System Application Part
BSSAP
BSS Management Application Part
Block Turbo Code

Base Transceiver Station
Generation Partnership Project
(
)
Carrier
AAL
AAS
ADC
AES
AGCH
AICH
ALCAP
ALT
S
ARS
S
ASN
AuC
BER
BPSK
s
-
r

()

()

()
BTS
278
BWAA
D-APS
Bandwidth Allocation/Access
Certification Authority
Channel Assignment Message
Cellular Authentication Voice
Encryption
Convolution Coding
Common Control Channel
Common Channel Signaling-7
Collision Detection/Channel
Assignment
Code Division Multiple Access
Code Excited Linear Prediction
Conference of European Post
and Telecommunication
Communication ID
Connection Management
Cellular Message Encryption
Algorithm
Core Network
Common Packet Channel
Common Pilot Channel
Channel Quality lndicator
Channel Quality lndication Channel
Call Request
Contro!RNC
Channel Switching
Status lndication Channel
Carrier Sense Multiple Access
with Collision Detection
Circuit Switching Network
Connectivity Service Network
Convolution Turbo Coding
Common Traffic Channel
Digital S
DB
DBR
DCCH
DummyBurst
Data Burst Randomizer
Dedicated Control Channel
CASM
CAVE
CCS7
CD/CA
D
CELP
CN
CPICH
CQI
CQICH
CR
CRNC
cs
CSICH
CSA/CD
CSN
/
()
-7
()
DCH
Dedicated transport Channel,
DES
DK
Data Encryption Standard

DataKey
()

279
DL
Downlink
DMS
DOCSIS
DPCCH
Diversity-Map Scan
Data Over ! Service Interface
Specification
Dedicated Physical Control Channel
DPDCH
Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DRNC
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DSM
DSP
DT
DTAP
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Drift RNC
Downlink Shared Channel
Direct Signaling Method
Digital Signal Processor
Data Transfer
Direct Transfer Application Part
Dedicated Traffic Channel
Data Teninating Equipment
Discontinuous Transmission Mode
Extensie Authentication Protocol
Energy to Spectral Noise Ratio

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EGPRS
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Enhanced Full Rate

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Equipment ldentification Register
Electronic Serial Number
Exchange Terminal
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Fast Associated Control Channel
Forward Access Channel
Frequency coection Bst
Fast Base Station Switching
Frequency Coection Channel
Frame Control Header
Frequency Duplex Division
FDA
Frequency Division Multiple Access
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Frame r Rate
Fast Fourier Transform
ETSI
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FACH
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FSS
GSM
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FLI
FLPC
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FPLS
FUSC
Frequency Hopping Diversity Code

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Forward Link Power Control
Forward Link Training
Future Puic Land Moile
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Forward Traffic Channel
Fully Used Subcanalization

()
GGSN
GMPCS
GMSC
Gateway GPRS Support Node

Global Moile Personal
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GatewayMSC
GMSK
Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
GPRS
GPS
GSM
General Packet Radio Service

Global Positioning System
Global System for Moile Communication
GPRS Tunneling Protocol
Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest
GPRS
ARQ
GPRS
HDFDD
HDM
HDR
HLR
HSCSD
Handover Completion Message

Half-Duplex - Frequency Division Duplex
Handover Direction Message
High Data Rate
Hard Handover
Location Register
Hash based Message Authentication
Code
igh Speed Circuit Switched Data
ICH
ID
IMEI
ISI
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Indication Channel
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lntemational Mobile Equipment
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Intemational Moile Subscriber
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2000,
281
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IAC
LAPD
LDPC
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Intemational Telecommunication Unit

Location Area Code
Link Access Procedure
for the D-channel
Low Density Parity Check Code
Linear Predictive Coding
Long Terrn Predicting
Media Access Control
Metropolitan Area Network
Mobile Application Part
Multicast and Broadcast Service
D
n

Multi-Carrier D
Message Digest
Macro Diversity Handover
Multi-Input Multi-OutPut
Mobile Identification Number
Mobility Management
Multi Pulse Linear Prediction Coding
PLS
Multiprotocol Lael Switching
MS
MSC
MSRN
MSS
Mobile Station
Mobile Switching Center
Mobile Station Roaming Numer
Mobile Satellite Service
Massage Transfer Part
Mail User Agent
Non-Access Stratum
Network Base station Application
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Neighbor List Update Message
MDHO
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MUA
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NR
NWG
OFDM
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Network Management Center

Network Reference Model
Network Working Group
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Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiple Access
Operation and Maintenance Center

WiAX

282
OTASR
OVSF
Over h Air Service Reprogramming

Orthogonal Variae Spreading
Factor code
Paging Control Channel
Primary Comrnon Control Physical

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PDC
PDN
PDSCH
Personal Digital Cellular

Packet Data Network
Physical Downlink Shared Channel
PDU
PICH
Protocol Data Unit

Pilot Channel
Paging Indication Channel
Privacy and Management protocol
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Private l.ong Code Mask
Pulic Land Mobile Network

( )
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PLCM
PLMN
PN
PRACH
PRI
PS
PSCH
PSDN
S
Pseudo code Number

Physical Random Access Channel
Primary Rate Interface
Packet Switching
Primary Synchronizing Channel
Packet Switched Data Network
Pilot Strength Measurement Message
PSPSN
Packet Switched Puic Data Network
PSN
Pulic
PUSC
Switched Telephone Network

Partly Used Subcanalization
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

Quality of Service
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Radio Access Bearer
Random Access Channel
Random Access Control Channel
Radio Access Network
RAN Application Protocol
Reference Clock Unit
QoS
QPSK
R
RACH
RACCH
RAN
RANAP
RCU

()

283
ROLPC
Residual pulse Excitation Linear

Prediction
Reverse Link Access
Radio Link Control
Reverse Link Training
Radio Network Controller
Radio Network System
Radio Network Subsystem
Application Part
Reverse Outer Loop Power Control
RPE
Regular Pulse Excitation
RRC
Radio Resources Control

Radio Resources Management
Rivest, Shamir, Adelman
RELP
RLA
RLC
RLT
RNC
RNS
RNSAP
()

()
()

RR
RSA

()
Reverse Traffic Channel

Receive/ Transmit Guard period
RUI
Removae User ldentify Module
SAALNNI Signaling AAL NNI
SAALUNI Signaling AAL UNI
Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode
SACCH
SB
SCCP
Slow Associated Control Channel

Synchronization Burst
Signaling Connection Control Part
SCCPCH
Secondary Common Control Physical

Channel
Synchronizing Channel
Stream Control Transmission Protocol
Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel
Service Data Unit
Serving GRPS Support Node
Secure Hash Algorithrn
Shared Control Channel
Service Flow ID
Subscriber ldentify Module
Single-lnput Multi-Output
Service Level Agreement
RTCH
RTG
SCH
S
SDCCH
SDU
SGSN
S
SHCCH
sm
SI
SIO
SLA
GPRS
284
SM
SMS
Spatial Multiplexing
Short Massage Service
S-OFDA
Scala!e OFDA
SRCH_WIN Search Windows

SRES
Signed Response
SRNC
ServiceRNC
ss
Spreading Spectrum
SSCH
Second Synchronizing Channel
SSD
Shared Secret Date
Switching Subsystem
sss
Spase Time Coding
STG
su
Selector Units
TACS
Total Access Communications System
Tail Bit
Transaction Capabilities Application

Part
Transcoder Equipment
Traffic Channel
/F
Traffic Channel/Full

OFDA

RNC
Traffic Channel/alf
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/

Intemet Protocol
Tirne Division Duplex
Tirne Division Multiple Access
Tirne Hopping D
DD
/

i
SI
Temporary Mobile Subscriber ldentity
RG
Transmit/Receive Guard period

Unnumbered Acknowledge
Unrestricted Digital lnfonation
User Equipment
Uplink
(
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UA
UDI
UE
UL

us
URAN
UWC-136
Universal Mobile Telecommunications

System
Universal Mobile Telecommunications
Services
US Teestrial Radio Access
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Universal Wireless Communication 136

n UMS
3-
EDGE
285
VAD
VLR
WAL
WCDA
WiAX
Voice Activity Detection

Visit Location Register
Walsh
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Worldwide Interoperability for icro
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1.
.., .. -7.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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111111.1.1.

........................................... "."".""." ........ """""."".""."""."."" .. ""."." ......... 7

OFDMA .................................... 218

WiMAX ........................................................... 248

GSM ( 1), , D ( 2),

SDR (Software Defined Radio ).

Conference of European Post and Telecommunications}-cop

(ETSI, European Telecommunications Standards Institute). GSM

- Advances Moile Phone System)

[27, 93, 94].

- (SMS - Short Massage

Subscriber Identification Module)

(CUG-Closed User Group)-

Packet Data Network

Intemational Moblle Subscriber Identity),

(Terminal Equipment 1) ISDN; 2 (Terminal

Base Transceiver Station)

(BSC- Base Station Controller).

(AUC -Authentication Center).

(Visit Location Register).

1.1. , HLR VLR

International Moblle Subscriber Identity)

(EIR - Equipment Identity Register)

(Operation and Maintenance Center) -

NMC (Network Management Center) -

ADC (Administration Center) -

(LPe - Linear Predictive eoding),

LAPD (Link Access Procedure for the D-channel).

GSM [22, 27, 32, 49]

(SCCP - Signaling Connection Control

[27, 32, 49, 101].

(frequency reuse distance) -

k(l) = 1,7; k(3) = 3; k(4) = 3,5; k(7) = 4,6; k(9) = 5,2;

Time Division Multiple Access).

(SDCCH - Stand-alone Dedicated

SI- (SRES - Signed Response),

RR 010111 ASSignment COMmanD

0010100 AUTHentication RESponse

RR 010111 ASSignment COMmanD

RR 0101001 ASSignment COMplete

Cipheing MODE COMplete 1

0110101 Cipheing MODE COMmanD 1

0010010 AUTHentication REQuest

RR 0100001 PAGING REQ

[29, 32, 33, 110]:

Location Area Code),

Frequency Correction Channel):

Common Control Channels) -

Dedicated Control Channel)

Associated Cotrol h[).

RACH, FCCH SCH.

[33, 36, 40, 81, 84, 86, 98, 107]

1. MSC (GMSCGateway MSC).

1.12)- MSRN (Moile Station Roaming Number).

12. MSC TMSI MS .

=Kj > RAND.

SRES (Signed Response) - ;

RRM (Radio Resources Management).

~o~~__.I::::::::::::::: :~1_4_9.5_.o_~__.I::::::::::::::: :~1_2_4~-25__.

. ._o_.__.I ::::::::::1 49 150 1