Chapter 4, Atomic Theory

WOD are underlined

Each block is an element.
Learn the name and symbol for
elements 1-20 (quiz on Friday)
Read off the names of the 20 and symbols.
Daltons atomic theory
4 parts to describing an Atom. Dalton was
not correct but Close Enough to Count!
Daltons atomic
theory
1. Elements are
composed of
submicroscopic
atoms and are
indivisible.
Smallest part of
an element is an
atom.


Re: The Nuke Thread
Can we divide an atom?
What happens if you do?
If you divide an atom smaller
than an atom, it stops acting like
the element and loses its
elemental properties.
So Dalton was,
Close enough to count.
Daltons atomic theory
(Not correct, should be same isotope)
2. Atoms of the same element are
identical
Should be:
Atoms of the same element have
the same chemical properties and
are therefore almost identical.
OR
Atoms of the same isotope are
identical.
So he was,
Close enough to count.

3. Atoms can combine with one
another in simple whole-number ratios
to form compounds
(Means water is always 2 H and 1 O.)


Compound means
Fixed Ratio
like H
2
0, not like
salt water, a
mixture of NaCl
and H
2
0.


4. Chemical reactions occur when
atoms are separated, joined, or
rearranged. Atoms are never
changed into a different element.

Who was the king of alchemy? Midas and his golden touch.

building blocks of atoms: electrons,
protons, neutrons
WODs at end of this section.
Protons
positive charge
in nucleus, p+
mass 1.0 AMU
Define 1.0 AMU
as the mass of 1 proton
Neutrons
in nucleus, n
o

1.0AMU
no charge
Electrons (e
-
) are the smallest negative
charge
mass 0.0005 AMU (count as 0 AMU)
2000 e
-
= size of 1 p+
Electrons (e
-
) are the smallest
negative charge
Thank you for TV!!!!

Purple =
magnetic charge
Screen is RGB dots.
1 dot is a pixel.
Protons and Neutrons
are found in the tiny nucleus.
Electrons surround the nucleus in a
vast cloud. The electron cloud is
many times bigger than the nucleus.
If the nucleus
were the size of
a marble, then
the electron
cloud would be
the size of
What?
Guess.
If the nucleus were the size of a
marble and placed on the middle of
the 50 yard line, then the atom or
electron cloud would be the size of
Chiefs Arrowhead Stadium
Break up a 2
nd
marble into 2000
pieces. For Carbon 12, pick 6 of
those pieces and scatter around
Arrowhead. Those 6 are the e
-
cloud.
Nucleus = marble and on the
middle of the 50 yard line.
Electron cloud = size of Chiefs
Arrowhead Stadium.


Then WHAT IS MOST of an Atom
made up of????
In an atom, what is
BIG
Protons and
Neutrons

SMALL Electrons
(and everything else???)
WOD Definitions:
Atoms Parts: Proton, Neutron, Electron
Atomic Mass Unit: AMU, Mass of 1
proton and standard mass measurement.
Proton: positive charge, in nucleus, p+,
mass 1.0 AMU
Neutron: neutral charge, in nucleus, n
o
,
mass 1.0 AMU (think as size = p+) Close enough to count!
Electron: negative charge, orbitals (orbit),
e
-
, very small so count as 0 AMU.
Nucleus: Center of an atom = p+ and n
o
.
Memorize Name and Symbol
Atomic number = protons
Whole number. It is number of
protons in the nucleus of that
element
He = Atomic
number of 2
Atomic mass = proton + neutrons.
total number of protons and neutrons
in the nucleus
He = Atomic
mass of 4
Carbon 14
Name followed by atomic mass.

C 14: Name is Carbon which means
6 protons and 6 electrons.
14 means protons + neutrons = 14,
i.e., 8 neutrons.

What is different about Carbon 12?
Carbon 12
Name followed by atomic mass.

C 12: Name is Carbon which means 6
protons and 6 electrons.
12 means protons + neutrons = 12,
i.e., 6 neutrons.

It has 2 less neutrons than Carbon 14?
HW:
Fill out the next page.


Element
Name/
Symbol

Protons

Mass
number


Electron Atomic
Number

Average
Neutron

Carbon
C

Be

Ne


15.999

7

Day 2
WOD Definitions:
Atoms Parts: Proton, Neutron, Electron
Atomic Mass Unit: AMU, Mass of 1
proton and standard mass measurement.
Proton: positive charge, in nucleus, p+,
mass 1.0 AMU
Neutron: neutral charge, in nucleus, n
o
,
mass 1.0 AMU (think as size = p+) Close enough to count!
Electron: negative charge, orbitals (orbit),
e
-
, very small so count as 0 AMU.
Nucleus: Center of an atom = p+ and n
o
.
Day 2:
Atomic structure
Isotopes different numbers of
neutrons. Same number of
protons, same element.
# of Protons or Atomic Number
determines the chemical behavior
of an element. So Isotopes of the
same element behave the same
way Chemically. Very hard to
separate isotopes.




1 or 2 Pencils in hand of a sprinter.
Isotopes different numbers of
neutrons. Same number of
protons, same element,
Carbon 12, Carbon 13, Carbon 14
What is H3 or C14 known for?
Average atomic mass average
mass of all isotopes found in
nature of an element (shown on
P-table)
calculating average atomic mass
-number of stable isotopes of that element
-mass of each isotope
-natural percent
abundance of each isotope
Formula
(mass decimal abundance) then add
together
Dont worry if you dont follow, we will
show several examples.
Fictional element X

The above two isotopes are found. What
is the average atomic mass of this
fictional element X?


The above two isotopes are found. What is the
average atomic mass of this fictional element X?

14amu (.7200) + 15amu (.2800)=14.28 amu

14.28 would be the number on the periodic table
14.28 would be the number on the periodic table
NOTES: 1.) 14.28 does not end in
.000, so it must have isotopes.
2.) 14.28 is closest to 14, so 14 is the
most common isotope in nature.
3.) .28 is bigger than .000, so the
other isotopes are most often 1 bigger
than 14. (Approximation, not a law)
A chemical is found to have three
isotopes, what is the average atomic
mass of this element?

54amu 72.00%
55amu 25.00%
57amu 3.000%
A chemical is found to have three isotopes, what is the average atomic mass of this element?

54amu 72.00%
55amu 25.00%
57amu 3.000%

54 amu x .7200 + 55amu x .2500 + 57amu x .03000 =
38.88amu + 13.75 amu + 1.71amu = 54.34 amu
On average how many protons does
carbon have?

On average how many neutrons does
Cl have?

Elements and chemical symbols
H=Hydrogen
You need to know 1-20 for the
test