13

GPRS

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)

GSM. GSM
Internet. GPRS
. 9,6
/ 150 / .
GPRS
- ,
IP. GPRS
. GPRS
, .
,
,
. ,
.
GPRS
.
,
, , IP X.25. GPRS 4
.
GPRS ,
RADCOM, Ltd., 1999, . BiLiM Systems Ltd., 2000. http://www.bilim.com

198

GPRS

, GSM PLMN.

, , ,
, .
, GPRS GSM SMS GSM MM ( GPRS
GMM).
Um

Gb

(MOBILE
STATION - MS)

Gn

(BSS)

(GGSN)

(SGSN)

Application
IP/X.25

IP/X.25

SNDCP

SNDCP

Relay

MAC

RLC
MAC

GSM RF

GSM RF

GTP

GTP

LLC

UDP/
TCP

UDP/TCP

BSSGP

IP

IP

RLC
MAC

SCCP

L2

L1bis

L1bis

L1

L1

LLC
RLC

Relay

BSSGP

GPRS

GPRS:

NS: Network Service - ;

BSSGP: Base Station System GPRS Protocol - ;

GTP: GPRS Tunneling Protocol - ;

LLC: Logical Link Control for GPRS -

;

SNDCP: Sub-Network Dependant Convergence Protocol -

;
RADCOM, Ltd., 1999, . BiLiM Systems Ltd., 2000. http://www.bilim.com

 199

NS
GPRS
OSI.

INAP

ISUP

IS41/MAP

TUP

VLR

AUC

EIR

HLR

TCAP

GSM/CDMA

B-ISUP

BSSMAP

DTAP

DUP

BSSAP

BTSM

SCCP

LAPD

GPRS
GTP

UDP

SNDCP

IP

GMM
SMS
NM

X.400
MTP3

V5 Link Control

V5 PSTN
V5 Control
V5 Protection

LLC
BSSGP

LAPv5
MTP2
V5

NS-Network

Frame Relay

SS
MM
RR
CM/CC
SMS

MTP1

GPRS OSI

RADCOM, Ltd., 1999, . BiLiM Systems Ltd., 2000. http://www.bilim.com

200

GPRS

NS
GSM 08.16 v. 6.1.0 http://www.etsi.fr
NS (Network Service)
NS SDU
GPRS (SGSN) (BSS). ,
NS, :

. NS
,
BSS SGSN.
,
NS,
.

.
(,
Frame Relay).
.

,
,
(, ).

(PDU) :

(PDU)

2-n

NM

NS-ALIVE
NS-ALIVE-ACK
NS-BLOCK
NS-BLOCK-ACK
NS-RESET
NS-RESET-ACK
NS-STATUS
NS-UNBLOCK
NS-UNBLOCK-ACK
RADCOM, Ltd., 1999, . BiLiM Systems Ltd., 2000. http://www.bilim.com

NS

201

NS-UNITDATA

(IE).
:

(IEI)

IE TLV
(IEI).
, ,
.


.

:
Cause
NS-VCI
NS PDU
BVCI
NSEI.

.
1 2 (
). ,
, .
.
8
. ,
.
1, .

RADCOM, Ltd., 1999, . BiLiM Systems Ltd., 2000. http://www.bilim.com

202

GPRS

BSSGP
GSM 08.18 v. 6.1.0 http://www.etsi.fr
NS BSS
GPRS BSS SGSN (
GPRS). BSSGP
:

SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node)

BSS , RLC/MAC (
).

BSS (Base Station Subsystem) SGSN

, RLC/MAC (
).

SGSN BSS
.

BSSGP .

(PDU type)

BSSGP

BSSGP :
UL-UNITDATA
RA-CAPABILITY
PTM-UNIYDATA
PAGING PS
PAGING CS
RA-CAPABILITY-UPDATE
RA-CAPABILITY-UPDATE-ACK
RADIO-STATUS
SUSPEND
SUSPEND-ACK
SUSPEND-NACK
RESUME
RESUME-ACK
RADCOM, Ltd., 1999, . BiLiM Systems Ltd., 2000. http://www.bilim.com

BSSGP

203

RESUME-NACK
FLUSH-LL
FLUSH-LL-ACK
LLC-DISCARDED
FLOW-CONTROL-BVC
FLOW-CONTROL-BVC-ACK
FLOW-CONTROLMS
FLOW-CONTROLMS-ACK
BVC-BLOCK
BVC-BLOCK-ACK
BVC-UNBLOCK
BVC-UNBLOCK-ACK
BVC-RESET
BVC-RESET-ACK
STATUS
SGSN-INVOKE-TRACE.

( ).
0x00
.
0x01
Bmax default MS
0x02
BSS
0x03
(Bucket Leak Rate)
0x04
BVCI
0x05
BVC
0x06
BVC (BVC Measurement)
0x07
(Cause)
0x08

0x09
(Channel needed)
0x0a
DRX
0x0b
eMLPP
0x0c
(Flush Action)
0x0d
IMSI
0x0e
LLC-SDU
0x0f
LLC
0x10
(Location Area)
0x11
(Mobile Id)
0x12
MS
0x13
MS (MS Radio Access Capability)
RADCOM, Ltd., 1999, . BiLiM Systems Ltd., 2000. http://www.bilim.com

204
0x14
0x15
0x16
0x17
0x18
0x19
0x1a
0x1b
0x1c
0x1d
0x1e
0x1f
0x20
0x21
0x22
0x23
0x24
0x25

GPRS
OMC (OMC Id)
(PDU In Error)
(PDU Lifetime)

QoS
(Radio Cause)
RA-Cap-UPD-Cause

R-default_MS
(Suspend Reference Number)

TLLI
TMSI
(Trace Reference)
(Trace Type)

, ,

.

RADCOM, Ltd., 1999, . BiLiM Systems Ltd., 2000. http://www.bilim.com

GTP

205

GTP
GSM 09.60 v. 6.1.0 http://www.etsi.fr
GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) GPRS.
GTP GSN
GPRS. GTP Gn (. .
GSN PLMN), Gp (. .
GSN PLMN). GTP UDP.
GTP
GPRS GSN .
GTP ,
SGSN MS GPRS.
, .
GTP ,
.
,
.
GTP SGSN (Serving
GPRS Support Node) GGSN (GPRS Gateway Support Node).
- .
GPRS MS SGSN
GTP . ,
SGSN GGSN.
SGSN
GGSN. GGSN
SGSN
.
GTP GTP
16 .

RADCOM, Ltd., 1999, . BiLiM Systems Ltd., 2000. http://www.bilim.com

206

GPRS

1
LFN

LLC

FN

TID

BSSGP

0, GTP.

.
, , 1.

LFN
, LLC.
LFN=0.

GTP.
, .

GTP- (G-PDU) .

GTP.

T-PDU.

RADCOM, Ltd., 1999, . BiLiM Systems Ltd., 2000. http://www.bilim.com

GTP

207

GTP-. Path Management
Location Management
0.

LLC
(link layer)
MS SGSN
SGSN.
( 255,
).

TID
, MM PDP
GSN. 0
V Management, Lacation Management Mobility Managemetn.
TID :

2- MCC

1- MCC

1- MNC

3- MCC

1- MSIN

2- MNC

3- MSIN

2- MSIN

5- MSIN

4- MSIN

7- MSIN

6- MSIN

9- MSIN

8- MSIN

NSAPI

10- MSIN

TID

MCC, MNC, MSIN

IMSI ( GMS 04.08)

NSAPI
.

RADCOM, Ltd., 1999, . BiLiM Systems Ltd., 2000. http://www.bilim.com

208

GPRS

LLC
GSM 09.60 v. 6.1.0 http://www.etsi.fr
LLC (logical link
control) (MS mobile station) GPRS (SGSN
serving GPRS support node). LLC
MS SGSN
, .
LLC LAPD RLP.
LLC

.
.
LLC :

- ;

- .

LLC
, :

FCS
LLC

SAPI DLCI,
DLCI .
1 :

PD

C/R

5
XX

2
SAPI

1
1

LLC
RADCOM, Ltd., 1999, . BiLiM Systems Ltd., 2000. http://www.bilim.com

LLC

209

PD
- LLC
. LLC 0.
PD = 1, .

C/R
C/R - . MS
C/R = 0,
C/R = 1. SGSN ,
. . C/R = 1, C/R = 0.

C/R

SGSN MS

MS SGSN

SGSN MS

MS SGSN

XX
(2 )

SAPI
(Service Access Point Identificator)
, LLE
LLC (layer 3).

. LLC 4 :

( I);

(supervisory) ( S);

( UI)

( U)

FCS
, 24- CRC-,
.

RADCOM, Ltd., 1999, . BiLiM Systems Ltd., 2000. http://www.bilim.com

210

GPRS

SNDCP
GSM 04.65 v. 6.1.0 http://www.etsi.fr
SNDCP (Sub-Network Dependant Convergence Protocol)
, LLC (Logical Link Control -
) SM (Session Managemetn -
). SNDCP IP X.25.
SNDCP :

PDP (packet data

protocol);

/ ;

/ ;

(N-PDU)
(LL-PDU), LL-PDU
N-PDU.

SN-DATA
. :

DCOMP

NSAPI

PCOMP

3-n

SN-DATA

SN-UNITDATA
. .

RADCOM, Ltd., 1999, . BiLiM Systems Ltd., 2000. http://www.bilim.com

SNDCP

211

NSAPI

DCOMP

PCOMP

N-PDU

N-PDU ()

N-PDU ()

6-n

SN-UNITDATA

NSAPI
.
:
0
,
.
1
" " (PTM-M point-to-multipoint
multicast).
2-4
.
5-15
NSAPI

M
.
0
N-PDU
1
N-PDU .

T
SN-PDU. SN-DATA (0) SN-UNITDATA (1).

C
. 0 , DCOMP
PCOMP , 1 .

X
(spare) , 0.

DCOMP
,
C. DCOMP :
0
.
RADCOM, Ltd., 1999, . BiLiM Systems Ltd., 2000. http://www.bilim.com

212
1-14
15

GPRS

.
.

PCOMP
,
C. PCOMP
:
0
.
1-14

, .
15
.

N-PDU. 128 .

N-PDU
0-2047
2048-524287

.
, 1.

E
N-PDU.
0
.
1
N-PDU.

RADCOM, Ltd., 1999, . BiLiM Systems Ltd., 2000. http://www.bilim.com