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Agenda
! Minds on.
! Iniioduciion io Moles
! Piaciice!
! Aciion
! Review foi ile quiz iomoiiow
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Avogadros Number = 6.022 x 10
23
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unlL #3: Chemlcal Cuanuues
1he Mole!

! How many molecules aie ileie in a dioplei of waiei?
!"#$###$###$###$###$###$###$###
! Aioms and molecules aie exiiemely small
! We use an exiiemely laige amouni of ilem eveiy iime
we do anyiling in clemisiiy
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Cases

Mass
(g)
Use masses above
Volume
(L)
Use 8.52 L
in 1 case
# of cans
Use 24 cans/case
Diet Coke is 3 kg
Coke is 4 kg
Pepsi is 5 kg
7-Up is 6 kg
Beer is 7 kg
Cases per Truck
(cases/# trucks)
Use C=cases/Trucks
Cases of Pop Mole Analogy
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1he Mole
! Ii is convenieni foi us io iall aboui gioups of paiiicles
! }usi lile we use ile following ieims io iall aboui
gioups of smallei ilings
Paii
Dozen
Mole
i Paii = : ilings
i Dozen = i: ilings
i Mole = 6.o: x io
:
paiiicles
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Amedeo
Avogadro
(1776 1856)
1 mole = 602213673600000000000000
or 6.022 x 10
23
thousands
millions
billions trillions
quadrillions
?
There is Avogadro's number of particles in a mole of any substance.
Particles in a Mole
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Welcome to Mole Island
1 mole = 22.4 L
@ STP
1 mol = molar mass
1 mol =
6.02 x 10
23
particles
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Avogadro's number
! Tle numbei of paiiicles in one mole is called
"Avogadio's numbei "
! We give ii ile symbol N
A
N
A
= 6.o: x io
:
paiiicles]mol

Noie: "mol" is ile unii foi moles
liip:]]ed.ied.com]lessons]daniel-dulel-low-big-is-a-
mole-noi-ile-animal-ile-oilei-one

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Pow do we use n
A
?
- N
A
is used io conveii beiween "ile numbei of
paiiicles" and "ile numbei of moles"
& ' ( ) &
*

N= Numbei of Paiiicles (aioms, molecules oi foimula
uniis)
n = Numbei of moles
&
*
= Avogadio consiani (6.o: x io
:
paiiicles]mol)


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& ' ( ) &
*

N= Numbei of Paiiicles (aioms, molecules oi foimula uniis)
n = Numbei of moles
&
*
= Avogadio consiani (6.o: x io
:
paiiicles]mol)

Ex: low many paiiicles (N) aie ileie in mol?

Ex: low many moles (n) is i.: x io
:
paiiicles?

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racuce
! How many paiiicles aie ileie in : moles of a
subsiance?
! How many moles aie ileie in i.: X io
:(
paiiicles of a
subsiance?
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arucles, ALoms, lormula
unlLs??
! Repieseniaiive paiiicles foi puie, monaiomic
"#"$"%&' sucl as iion Fe(s) aie aioms.
! Repieseniaiive paiiicles foi $(#")*#+,-)(.+#"%&
)($/(*%0' sucl as oxygen gas, O
:
(g) waiei, H
:
O (l)
aie molecules.
! Repieseniaiive paiiicles foi puie 1(%1) )($/(*%0'
sucl as sodium clloiide NaCl(s) aie foimula uniis.
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(read only)
! Foi example, if you lad !"# %!&# of iion aiom, you
lave 6.o: X io
:
aioms of Fe(s).
! One mole of waiei iepieseni 6.o: X io
:
molecules of
waiei.
! One mole of sodium clloiide coniains 6.o: X io
:

foimula uniis of sodium clloiide.

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Moles - Calculauons
! N = n N
A

! n

= NN
A

! How many +,-./ aie pieseni in a :.( mole sample of
K
(s)
?
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:.
(a) How many .-012301/ aie in #456 .-01/ -7 8
"
9?

(b) How many "+,-./" in H
:
O?

(c) How many -):;1( +,-./ in paiiiculai?

(d) How many <:=>-;1( +,-./?
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! How many .-01/ -7 ?9
"
aie ileie in .Sxio
:(

molecules of CO?
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Consolldauon
Wlai is a mole?

How can a mole be used io deieimine
dieieni quaniiiies sucl as paiiicles,
foimula uniis, and molecules and
aioms?
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Molai Mass
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Molar Mass
! The periodic table tells us the average mass
of a single atom in atomic mass unit (amu).
! One mole of element has a mass expressed
in grams numerically equivalent to amu.
! (EX) One mole of Zinc has a mass of
63.39g.
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Molar Mass
Molar mass = mass of one mole of an
element or compound (g/mol)
example: NaCl has a molar mass of 58.5 grams
this is composed of a 1 mole (6.02 x10
23
molecules) of NaCl
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The Molar Mass and Number of
Particles in One-Mole Quantities (READ
ONLY!!)
Substance Molar Mass Number of Particles in One Mole
Carbon (C) 12.0 g 6.02 x 10
23
C atoms
Sodium (Na) 23.0 g 6.02 x 10
23
Na atoms
Iron (Fe) 55.9 g 6.02 x 10
23
Fe atoms
NaF (preventative 42.0 g 6.02 x 10
23
NaF formula units
for dental cavities)
CaCO
3
(antacid) 100.1 g 6.02 x 10
23
CaCO
3
formula units
C
6
H
12
O
6
(glucose) 180.0 g 6.02 x 10
23
glucose molecules
C
8
H
10
N
4
O
2
(caffeine) 194.0 g 6.02 x 10
23
caffeine molecules
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Molar mass (M)
M= mass (in grams) M = m
mol n
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@AB!C D- E(= ,<1 .-0+> .+// -7 F19G
! 2% 3 $(# (4 5"67 3 $(# (4 8",9##1*$ +%0 3 $(# (4 (:9;"%
! M
BeO
= q.oi g]mol + i6.oo g]mol = :.oi g]mol

! (Ex:) Wlai is ile mass of one mole of calcium
plosplaie, Ca

(PO
(
)
:
?
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Converting from Moles to Mass
! Muliiply given = of moles by molai mass
! H+// ' (3.I1> -7 .-01/ B H-0+> H+//
! . ' ( JH
(EX:) A asl coniains o.yo mole of caibon dioxide,
CO
:
. Wlai mass of caibon dioxide gas is in ilis
sample?
! <&"/ 3= >%0 + $(#+, $+'' (4 &?" )($/(*%0@
! <&"/ A= $ B %C D

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Converting mass to Moles
! &3.I1> -7 H-01/ ' H+// K H-0+> H+//
! ( ' . K H

(EX) How many moles of aceiic acid, CH

COOH aie in
a :.6 g sample?
! <&"/ 3= >%0 + $(#+, $+'' (4 &?" )($/(*%0@
! <&"/ A= % B $-D
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