Full-meaning words

versus function/grammar words

Function/grammar words
two pronunciations: weak and strong
Weak and strong forms - Prepositions
Weak forms Strong forms
From fr@m frQm
At @t 9t
to t@ D@ ...
/ tU @ ...
tu:
of @v Qv
and @nd, @n,
n
&nd
Handout - CD1: 2.3a - 19, 2.3b - 20, 2.3c - 21
In its weak or strong form?
1. Its not for her, its for him.
2. Its not for her, its from her.
3. The ronunciation of !and" is different deendin#
on $hat fo%%o$s.
&. I need to eat.
'. The( $anted to %ea)e ri#ht a$a(.
Transcrie t!ese sentences:
W!at is it made of?
Its made of plastic.
W!ere"s it from?
Its from the USA.
W!at"s it for?
Its for keeping our teacher fit#
T$A%S&$IPTI'%
W!at is it made of?
["wQtIzIt "meId "Qv]

Its made of plastic.
[Its "meId@v "pl&stIk]
W!ere"s it from? W!ere is it ##
["we@zIt "frQm]
["we@rIzIt ...]
Its from the USA.
["Itsfr@mD@ !
u:es"eI]
W!at"s it for?
["wQtsIt "f!:]
Its for keeping our teacher fit#
[""#Itsf@ "k$:pI%&U@
"t$:'@ "fIt]

Its for opening a tin.
[""#Itsf@"r@Up@nI%@
"tIn]
(uide to )P* files - +andout Weak forms, reduced and
contracted forms
Handout - CD1: 2.3a - 19, 2.3b - 20, 2.3c - 21
CD1: '.3b - '', '.3c - '*
CD1: 1.3a - *, 1.3b - +
CD1: 1.3a - * ,our turn
-isten and transcrie w!at .ou can !ere#
W!en uncertain, consult a dictionar. or t!e ke. elow#
Im
-ere bein#
(ou
Its been
Dont be
,oure bein#
Ha)e (ou been .doin#/
-e $ere .tr(in#/
-e%%
I $as to%d
Id be .seen/
I)e been .$aitin#/
0re doin#
The(re
Do (ou .thin1/
,ou cou%d .$ait/
2e( to CD1: 1.3a - *
Im
&(m
&(m In casual speech
the phrase I'm going to
before a verb is also
&() *n *, &(m *n *
-ere bein#
w(* +$ ()
w(* , w( * r (= weir)
being +$ () being|s z
(ou
u
strong form u , weak
forms u j , before a
vowel also - (1)
Learners of British English
are avise not to use
weak forms other than u
! * is unusual in
"eceive #ronunciation$In
%eneral &merican, on the
other han, the weak form
* is acceptable$ (')
(he initial of this wor
reail) coalesces with the
final t or d of a preceing
wor to give t. or d/
respectivel)* dont you
d*0nt. u ,
d10nt. *, did you
d(d/ u , 2*
Its been .dri)in#/
(ts +$ n
+it is,! +it has, (ts non-
"eceive #ronunciation
weak form *ts
been +$ n bn , +(n
.ome British English
speakers have +$n as
strong form, +(n as weak
form$ #reference poll,
British English (for strong
form)* bin /'0, bn 10$
Dont be d *0 nt +$
d *0 nt , d10nt
also, non-fnally,
especially before a
consonant sound,
d *0 n 3 d10n . This
word has no weak form
except occasionally d*
in dont mind, dont
know (see dunno ).
strong form +$ , weak
form +$
,oure bein#
4 / j +$ I%
strong forms 4 j , 0
* r , weak form * , * r
Learners of British
English are avise not to
use the weak form * ,
which is fairl) unusual in
"eceive #ronunciation$
Ha)e (ou been .doin#/
5*v +$ n
have strong form 56v ,
weak forms 5*v, *v, v
(he weak form v is
use onl) after a vowel
(when it is often written as
the contraction ve ), or in
ver) fast speech at the
beginning of a sentence!
*v is not use at the
beginning of a sentence$
2eak forms of have, has,
had are use onl) when
the wor functions as the
perfective au3iliar), or is
the e4uivalent of have got
an is use with an ob5ect
that is not a pronoun, or in
the constructions had
better/best/rather.
-e $ere .tr(in#/
$ i $3
strong form $ $e3
$$e3$$,
weak form $3 $3r 4
5reference o%% .stron#
form/, 6ritish 7n#%ish: $
9&8, $e3 *8.
-e%% .sort 9, sha%%
$e:/
w$l
strong form w$ * l , weak
form w$l
I $as .to%d/
&I w*z
strong form w7z , w8z
wz , weak form
Id be .seen/
&(d +$
strong form +$ ,
weak form +$
I)e been .$aitin#/
&(v +$n
0re doin#
* du 9 ()
strong form : , :r ,
weak form * , * r
The(re
;e*
;e* e , ;er (=
there)
Do (ou .thin1/
d0/d* u
strong form du , weak
forms d0, d*, d
u
,ou cou%d .$ait/
u k*d
strong form k0d , weak
form k*d
/#* 012
A .ou"ve
A didn"t .ou
T!e."re
A t!e."ve een 3!aving4
was 3urgled4
T!e. were 3asleep4
5 I didn"t
A Sonia"s een 3suffering4
S!e was even 3off4
5 )ark"s een 3made4
A t!e."ve 3decided4
)ark"s eing 3paid4
T!e."re going to 3start4
5 6o .ou
T!e."re 3leaving4
A I don"t 3know4
T!e."ll e 3going4
5 I"ll 3give4
A I"m 3sure4 t!e."d
3appreciate4