621.

315

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2004

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1
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U U 0 R I ,

(2.1)

I I G U

(2.2)

10

. 12.

! P
,
(. 12, ). , ,

(. 12, ), P, ,
2
U 0
4R .

P R I12

U0

U 0 2 P R .

(2.3)

(2.4)

I
I 2 P G .
(2.5)

(. 13)

. 13.

U Z I
11

(2.6)

I Y U ,
1

(2.7)

Y Z .
, (2.4), (2.5) ,
U I
P 0 .
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,
,
Rc
(. 14).
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( . 14 )
. 14.
() ,

().
, ,
.
, ,
.
,

[0, l],
.
0x (0 x l),
- (. .
14). x = l , x = 0
.

x U(x) I(x).
(x = l) U(l) I(l), (x = 0) U(0)
I(0).
U1, I1 U2, I2.

(., , [1])
.

: Zc (
Zc
1
= Rc = R) ( Y c Z c )

()

= + j.
.
12

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l
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,
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0 ,
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c ,
3108 /.
k

.
3.
()

,

U(x) I(x)

2/3 .

13

, Rc = R

. 15.

x (0 x l),
(. 15):
U ( x ) U ( x )[ 1 e j 2x ] ,

(3.1)

I ( x ) I ( x) [ 1 e j 2x ] ,

(3.2)

U(x) I(x)

:
U ( x) U 2 e j x I ( x) I 2 e j x ,
(3.3)

U ( x) Rc I ( x ) I ( x) Gc U ( x ) .
(3.4)
U(x) I(x),
U(x),
I(x) ( u(x, t) i(x, t)):
U ( x) U 2 f ( x) ,
I ( x) I 2 g ( x) ,
3.5)

f ( x ) 1 2 2 cos(2 x ) ,
(3.6)
g ( x) 1 2 2 cos(2 x )

(3.7)

( U2
I2
)*.
U2 I2 (3.5)
(x
= l ). , . ,
U(l) I(l)
:
*

Um(x) Im(x) u(x, t) i(x, t)

U m ( x) 2 U ( x ) , I m ( x ) 2 I ( x ) .

14

U (l ) U 2 f (l ) ,

I (l ) I 2 g (l ) .

(3.8)

U2 I2. .
(3.5) (3.8)
U2 I2,
f ( x)
g ( x)
U ( x ) U (l )
I ( x) I (l )
,
(3.9)
f (l )
g (l ) .
, U(x) I(x)

.
, U(l),
,
:
f ( x)
g ( x)
U ( x ) U (l )
I ( x) GcU (l )
(3.10)
f (l ) ,
f (l ) .
(
) U(x) I(x)
I(l):
I ( x) I (l )

g ( x)
g (l ) ,

U ( x) Rc I (l )

f ( x)
g (l ) .

(3.11)

U(l), I(l)
(. 16, )
.
l

U (l ) Z (l ) I (l )

I (l ) Y (l ) U (l ) ,

(3.12)
(3.13)

Y (l ) Z (l ) 1 . Z(l)

:
Z cos x jRc sin x
Z ( x) Rc
(3.14)
Rc cos x jZ sin x ,

15

1 e j 2x
U ( x)
Z ( x)
Rc
(3.15)
I ( x)
1 e j 2x ,
x = l.
(. 16, ),


u0(t)
( U 0 U 0 ),
U(l), I(l) :
Z (l )
1
U (l ) U 0
I (l ) U 0
,
(3.16)
Rc Z (l )
Rc Z (l ) .
(. 16, ),
,
I(l), U(l):
Y (l )
1
I (l ) I
U (l ) I
,
Gc Y (l )
Gc Y (l ) ,
(3.17)
1
Y (x) Z (x) .

, Rc = R

c
c

. 16.

U(l), I(l)

U(x) I(x) (
0 x l).
16

U2 I2 (3.5)
U(x) I(x) :
U
I
U 2 0 ,
I 2 .
(3.18)
2
2



.

U(x), I(x) [0, l] x
/16
U(x), I(x) .
4.

R(x) X(x)

Z(x).

G(x) B(x)
Y(x).
(. . 1)
Z(x),
Y(x).
(3.15)
1 2
R( x) Re Z ( x) Rc
(4.1)
1 2 2 cos 2 x ,
X ( x) Im Z ( x) Rc

2 sin 2 x

1 2 2 cos 2 x .

(4.2)

G(x) = Re Y(x) B(x) = Im Y(x)

:
1 2
G ( x) Re Y ( x) Gc
(4.3)
1 2 2 cos 2 x ,
17

B( x) Im Y ( x) Rc

2 sin 2 x

(4.4)
1 2 2 cos 2 x .




.

(
)
[0, l]

.

(. 1) 0x
R(x), X(x) G(x), B(x)
, ,
.

0x R(x), X(x) (. 6 7) G(x), B(x)
(. 8 9) ,
, .

Z(l)
( Y(l)) Z
( Y)
(x = l)
(x = 0).
5.

PS(x) x (0 x l)
:
*

S ( x) U ( x ) I ( x) .
U(x) I(x)
U (x) Z (x) I (x)
I (x) Y (x) U (x ) ,

S ( x) P ( x ) jQ ( x ) I 2 ( x ) Z ( x) U 2 ( x ) Y ( x ) .
18

 = 1/fr
x
P(x)

*
P ( x) I 2 ( x) Re Z ( x) U 2 ( x) Re Y ( x) .

P(x)
, ,
, ,
P.

Q(x) x
:
*
Q ( x) I 2 ( x) Im Z ( x) U 2 ( x) Im Y ( x) .

P(x)
Q(x)
[0, l] . 3
.
. (., , [1]),
P(x) Q(x)
[0, l]
:

P P 1 2 ,
Q jP 2 sin 2x .
6.

.


, . 19.
1.
.
2.
.
19

3. (
),
.

(. 17)

R (1
- G R
) l
1
R ( G R
)
l1.

. 17.

l1,

R ( G)
.

.
l1 ,
Z(l1) Y(l1) .

R ( G) l, ()

R ( Gc) .

(. . 17, )
() ,
.

:
20

1) Im Z (l1 ) 0 ,

2) Z (l ) Rc ;

(6.1)

1) Im Y (l1 ) 0 ,

2) Y (l ) Gc .

(6.2)

, (
l1, l
R ( G)),
.
, , ,
.
Im Z ( x) Im Y ( x) (4.2), (4.4) ,
, x = l1, :
X (l1 ) Im Z (l1 ) Rc

2 sin 2 l1

1 2 2 cos 2 l1

sin 2 l1 0 ,
l1k (k ) 2 ,

0.

2 l1k k ,
k N0 .

(6.3)

l1k, ,

0 l1k l .
Z(l1)
Y(l1) :
Z (l1k ) Re Z (l1k ) R (l1k ) ,

Y (l1k ) Re Y (l1k ) G (l1k ) .

(6.1)

Z(l) (3.14). x
= l Z =
= R(l1) ( k l1 ),
Z (l ) Rc

R (l1) cos cl jR sin l

Rc .
Rc cos l jR(l1 ) sin l

, Z(l) ,

21

Im Z (l ) 0 .

(6.4)

, cos l 0 .
,
ln 2n 1

,
2

n N0 ,

(6.5)

2
, ,
. ,

l1,
l n 2 n 1

,
4

n N0 ,

(6.6)

.

( ),
l1k
l1.
(n = 0) (
).
(6.4) (6.5), (6.6)

2
R c
Z (l )
Rc .
R (l1 )
,
Rck Rc R (l1k )

(6.7)


.

Gck Gc G (l1k ) .
(6.8)
l
(. 17)
,
.
22



.

(. . 2 3)

:
1) Im Z Z (l2 ) 0 ;
(6.9)
2) Z (l ) Rc .
(6.10)
Z (l2 )

Z (l2 ) jRc tg l2

(6.11)

Z (l2 ) jRc tg l2

(6.12)

.
(6.11), (6.12) :

Im Z
1
l2 k k arctg
;

Rc

k N0 ;

(6.13)

Rc
1
l2 k k arctg
;

Im Z

k N0 .

(6.14)

l n 2 n 1

,
4

n N0 ,

Rck Rc Re Z 2 .

23

(6.15)
(6.16)


(. . 4 5)

. 2 3 ,



(6.13) (6.16).

(. . 6 7)

:
Re Z (l1 ) Rc ;

1)
(6.17)

2) Im Z (l1 ) Z (l2 ) 0 .
(6.18)
(4.1) (6.17)


1
l1k
2k arccos ; k N0 ,
2
0 l1k l .
(4.2), (6.11)
(6.12) , :

1
2
;
l2 n n arctg
2

n N0 ;

(6.19)

1 2
1
;
l2 n n marctg

.
24

n N0 .

(6.20)

 l1k l2n
.

(. . 8 9)

(. . 6 7),
, ,
,
l1k l2n

*.
,
, . 1 9,
. ,

.

7.


()

() (. 18).

[2 4].
, Rc Gc, Z2 Y2.
(. . 1 9).

: , .

25

. 18.

(. . 1)

(6.1) (6.2).
1.

,

()
Z
Y
Z ,
Y .
Rc
Gc
( . 18
, Z 0.4 j 0.8 .)
2.
.
: , .
26

,
,
. ,
( 1, ).
3.
l1k l1k /
l1k 0.1152 ( k : k = 1
( ) k = 2).
4. , ,
R ck
R ck R (l1k ) .

l1k

: R (l1k ) 0.244 .
l 0.25 .

(. . 2, 3)

:
1. A,

.
2.
B 0, Im Z ,
.
3.

,
, B (
xb 0.107, l2 xb ).
,

,
, B (
l2 0.25 xb 0.357 ).

27

4.

R c Rc / Rc R c R ;
l 0.25.

(. . 4, 5)

,
, .

(. . 6, 7)

(6.17) (6.18).
,
.
1. A,

,
( x A 0.385) .
2. A
,
R =
1. :
, .
1,
A.
3.
( xC1 0.1775) ,
l1 :
l1

l1 xC1 x A ,

xC1 0.5 x A ,

xC1 x A
, l 0.1775 0.5 0.385 0.293 .
xC1 x A 1

4. X-, 1,
Im Z (l1 ) = 1.57
l1.
5. (6.18)

D 0, Im Z (l1 )

28


( xD 0.341) .
1.

,
, D (
l2 xD ).
,
,
,
D ( l1 xD 0.25 0.091 ).

(. . 8, 9)

,
, .


,
.
. (, , )
,
4
.
8.

.
U(x) I(x)

, (3.5),
U I
.
U I ,

29

 ,
.
.
,
,
,
.

,
(. 19).

.

()
0x.

, ,

(
. 19.

).


:
U III (0) U II (l2 ) U I (l1 ) ,

, Rc = R

Rc

. 20.

- U III ( x )
I III ( x)
30

 (. 20)
:
U
I
U III ( x) o ,
I III ( x) ,

2
2
U o
I
III
III
I ( x) Gc
U ( x ) Rc .
2
2

U I ( x) I I ( x)

-
(. 21)

, Rc
(3.5):
. 21.

I g ( x)
U I ( x) U 2I f ( x) , I I ( x) I 2
,

U I ( x)
:
U
I
U I (l12
) U I1 f (l ) oc R .
2
2


:
f ( x)
g ( x)
U I ( x) U I (l1 )
I I ( x) GcU I (l1 )
,
f (l1 )
f (l1 ) .

, Rc

. 22.

U II ( x )
I II ( x) (. 22)
, , ,
31

=1

= .

,

:
U ( x) U 2 cos x jRc I 2 sin x ,
I ( x) jGc U 2 sin x I 2 cos x ,
.

U II ( x)
I II ( x)

(. 21) :
U II ( x) Rc I II (0) sin x ,
I II ( x) I II (0) cos x ,

U II ( x) :
U o
I
Rc .
2
2

I II (0)

:
U II (l2 ) Rc I II (0) sin l2

U II ( x) U II (l2 )
, Rc

sin x
sin l2

I II ( x) GcU II (l2 )

cos x
sin l2

, ,
sin l2 0 .


.
! U(x) I(x)

32

 e j

R Rc
G Gc

R Rc
G Gc ,

(8.1)

R G

.
, . 1

,
.

(. 9 10) , . 4, 5).
. 9 .

Rc
G
B( x) c .

tg x
tg x


R
Gc
X (l2 ) c
B( l2 )

tg l2
tg l2 ,
X ( x)

B( x) Gc tg x

X ( x) Rc tg x ,

.
:

Arc sin x k (1) k arcsin x

Arc cos x 2k arccos x
Arctg x k arctg x

1. ..
. :
- , 1999. 48 .
2. : .
/ .: .. , .. . -
, 1982. 32 .
33

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7, 8;
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2.106-68,
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l

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8.
U()
I() l
,
U(l) .
9.
U() I() l
,
I(l) .
10.
U() I() l
,
U(0) .
11.
U()
I() l
,
I(0) .

36

12.
()
.
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25.
U()
I()
l, U(l)
.
26.
U()
I()
l (2 n + 1) /4,
I(l) .
27.
U()
37

I()
l, I (0)
.
28.
U()
I()
l, U(l)
.
29.
U()
I()
l, I(l)
.
30.
U()
I()
l, U(0)
.
31.

Z()
.
32.

Z()
.
33.

Z()
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34.

Z()
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35.

Y()
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36.

Y()
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38

37.

Y()
.
38.

Y()
.
39. (,
, ) :
) ;
) ;
) ?
40.
-
.

39

Um(x)

(. .1)?

u(x, t)
8 4 8 ,
u (0, t ) U m (0) sin t .

. .1
Um(x).
2

-
Um(x)

-

(. .2)
Rc = 50 .


Um(x).
3

. .2

- l1

l2
-, l
l1

. .3

50
Z = 100 +
j50 300 (. .3).
4

l = 1.25
Rc = 50 u (l , t ) 10 sin(3108 t 3) B.

0.4 .
40

 5

400 Rc = 50
(. .5)
u (0, t )

41.4 cos (2106 t ) .

, i (0, t )

C u (0, t ) , C Gc / .
. .5

6
15
50 ,
,
7.5 .

,
, .
7

( )
1
: L0 = 5.63 /, C0 = 10 /. :
1) ,
;
2) ,
.
8
Rc
-
(.
.8), u0i 20 2 sin (2106 t ) B, Ri =
100 , R = 400 .

. .8
41

42

. 5 05
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