.

{xn }
n=1 - - -

{xn } - , M : n N |xn | 6 M .

{xn } - , M n(M ) N : |xn | > M .

lim xn = a > 0 N () : n > N () |xn a| < .

{xn } - ,

lim xn = 0 > 0 N () : n > N () |xn | < .

{xn } - , :

1) {xn } -
2) lim xn = ,
n

xn > 0 (xn < 0) n N E > 0 N (E) : n > N (E) |xn | > E.

:

.
:

lim xn = x, lim yn = y ,
n

1) lim (xn yn ) = x y ;
n

2) lim (xn yn ) = x y ;
n

xn
x
=
n yn
y

3) lim

(yn 6= 0 n, y 6= 0).

N : n > N xn 6 yn , lim xn 6 lim yn (

).

3.1. (42)

, {xn } ,

> 0 N (), n > N () |xn | < , :

() xn =

(1)n+1
;
n

() xn =

2n
;
n3 + 1

() xn =

1
;
n!

() xn = (1)n 0, 999n .

17

3.2.

{xn }, :

() , , ;
() , , .
, , . ,

(3.1 ,); ,

(3.1)

(3.1 ,)

(3.2);

, ..
(3.2 ).

, : -

, {xn } , ,

3.3. (43)

E > 0 N (E) : |xn | > E n > N (E), :

() xn = (1)n n;

() xn = 2

() xn = lg(lg n) (n > 2);

3n 2n
() xn = n
.
2 +1

3.4. (41)

n
= 1, > 0 N () : |xn 1| <
n n + 1

, lim

n > N .
3.5. (45)

() lim xn = +;
n

3.6.

() lim xn = .
n

{xn }, -

.
:

, -

.. .

18

3.7.

, :

() lim

a = 1, (a > 1);

() lim q n = 0,

(|q| < 1).

() lim Qn = ,

(|Q| > 1).

3.8.

a, aq, aq 2 , . . . , aq n , . . . (|q| < 1)

, Sn n n .
.
3.9.

{xn } {yn }, , {xn } > {yn }

n N, lim xn = lim yn .
n

3.10. (46-57)

10000n
;
n n2 + 1

3
n2 sin n!
() lim
;
n
n+1

() lim

1 + a + a2 + . . . + an
, |a| < 1, |b| < 1;
n 1 + b + b2 + . . . + bn


1
2
3
(1)n1 n 

() lim  + . . . +
;
n n
n n
n

 2
32
(2n 1)2
1
+ 3 + ... +
() lim
;
n n3
n
n3


1
1
1
() lim
+
+ ... +
;
n 1 2
23
n(n + 1)

() lim

19

() lim

n+1

n ;

(2)n + 3n
;
n (2)n+1 + 3n+1


1
2
n1
() lim
+
+ ... +
;
n
n2 n2
n2
 2

1
22
(n 1)2
+ 3 + ... +
;
() lim
n n3
n
n3


3
5
2n 1
1
+ 2 + 3 ... +
() lim
;
n 2
2
2
2n
() lim

() lim

n
2 4 2 8 2... 2 2 .

3.11.


lim

3.12.

1
1
1
+
+ ... +
123 234
n(n + 1)(n + 2)


.

a b. x1 = a, x2 = b, xn =

{xn }.
3.13.

xn1 + xn2
(n > 3).
2

? , {xn } = 1 + 17n2

.
3.14.

? {xn } {yn } :
xn = xn1 + 2yn1 sin2 , yn = yn1 + 2xn1 cos2 , x0 = 0, y0 = cos .

xn yn n .
3.15.

? :

() x1 = 1, x2 = 1, xn = xn1 + xn2 , 3 6 n N, ( ) ;
() x1 = a, x2 = b, xn = xn1
3.16.

xn2
, 3 6 n N.
4

? , {xn }, xn+1 = xn +

n N, 0 < x1 < 1, .
3.17.

x2n
n2

AB , l {xn } -

: x1 = A, x2 = B, xn+1 , xn1 xn . AB {xn }?

3.18.

? {an } :

a0 = 1, a2n+1 = an , a2n+2 = an + an+1 , Z 3 n > 0.





an1
1 1 2 1
,n N =
, , , . . .
,
an
1 2 1 3
.
3.19.

? a b,
x0 = a, xn = 1 + b xn1 , n = 1, 2, . . .

.
3.20.

? m, n N. , mn + 1

m+1
, n + 1 .
3.21.

? {xn }, 0 ,

n N : x2n+1 xn xn+2 = 1. , a, xn+2 = a xn+1 xn , n N.

20