Hidrogenul Gazele care se gsesc n roca n care s-au i format prin descompunerea materiei organice (source rock) - din aceasta categorie fac parte:
Gazul care se gsete n zcmintele de crbune, n mine, galerii,
caverne (coal gas) Gazul de ist - gazul stocat n roca unde s-a format, roc coninnd materie organic (shale gas, c ) Gazele cantonate n sedimente anorganice cu permeabilitate mic (tight gas)
Hidraii de metan (gazul sub form solid, gazul ngheat)
T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali
, . , . . , . , , , .
Gazul de ist este un gaz al crui zcmnt este captiv ntre plcile de isturi ori n straturile de crbune i aflate la o adncime mai mare dect zcmintele de gaz convenional. What Is Shale Gas?
Shale gas refers to natural gas that is trapped within shale formations. Shales are fine-grained sedimentary rocks that can be rich sources of petroleum and natural gas.
combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de ist , , , , . , , , , , . , , 500 . . . ( 177,4 . 213 . . ).
T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de ist
,
2012 150 . ,
, , , , . , . , , , $50 . . 7
T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de ist
(. directional drilling),
(. hydraulic fracturing)
.
T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de ist
.
, .
. 9
T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de ist . , 596 : , , , , , . 26 . . :
; .
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T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de ist
. , , . GASFRAC Energy Services, , -
.
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T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de ist
.
H : " , ,
, , ",- Sierra Club.
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T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de min GAZ DIN MIN DE CRBUNI (ru- , ; fr-gaz de houille, gaz de couche, gaz de mine, grisou; en- coal mine methane CMM, coalbed Methane - CBM ) Gazul de min se separ n diversele faze de exploatare minier - nainte, n timpul i dup operaiunile miniere. Ca urmare, gazele de min sunt clasificate ca: metan din crbune (CBM), metan ventilat (CMM),
metan de min abandonat (AMM).
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T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de min Gazul de crbune metan - este o ameninare grav la adresa siguranei operaiunilor miniere de crbune. Degazarea minelor de crbune a fost conceput, iniial, pentru a mbunti sigurana lucrtorilor n minele de crbune, deoarece amestecul de aer cu metan poate forma gaze explozive. Peste tot n lume, mii de mineri i pierd viaa n fiecare an n explozii subterane, n special din cauza controlului inadecvat al metanului i a ventilrii neadecvate . pecheur repentent
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T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de min Teneurs mesures en Allemagne pour cinq composants (en % du volume extrait) du gaz de couche (en gras) et du gaz de mine/grisou selon Thielemann (juin 2002)12
Gaz de mine/grisou spontanment dsorb dans les mines dsaffectes
Simbole chimique
Gaz de couche
Gaz de mine/grisou (activement pomp)
Mthane
CH4
90 - 95 Vol.-%
25 - 60 Vol.-%
30 - 95 Vol.-%
Dioxyde de carbone
CO2
2 - 4 Vol.-%
1 - 6 Vol.-%
1 - 15 Vol.-%
Monoxyde de carbone
CO
0 Vol.-%
0,1 - 0,4 Vol.-%
0 Vol.-%
Oxygne
O2
0 Vol.-%
7 - 17 Vol.-%
0 Vol.-%
Azote
N2
1-8%
4 - 40 %
5 - 32 %
Gaz (Compose chimique)
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T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de min c 260 . . , , , , , , , , . La Russie (84 Tm3 de ressources estimes), la Chine (4 Tm3 de rserves estimes dont 200 Gm3 prouves) et l'Australie (415 Gm3 de rserves prouves) reprsentent certainement les plus gros gisements estims. En Chine, "le prcdent plan quinquennal prvoyait une production de 5 Gm3/an, mais
n'a t ralis qu' hauteur d'un quart. Le nouveau plan 2011- 2015 prvoit 5 Gm3/an en 2015 et 10 Gm3/an en 2020", indique l'Ifpen. En Australie, la production atteint 6 Gm3 et "une projection rcente envisage une production annuelle de 70 Gm3 en 2030". Aux Etats-Unis, la production atteint 50 Gm3, soit 10% de la production amricaine de
gaz. En Europe, la Grande-Bretagne a dmarr l'exploitation du gaz de houille dans les annes 80 (2,3 Tm3 de rserves estimes). L'Italie est dans une phase exploratoire (12 Gm3 estims). 16
T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de min Significant events related to development of the CBM industry in Alabama are 1886First coal mining in Alabamas Warrior basin. 1911First coal mine explosion, 128 killed. 1977Test of vertical wellbore to vent. 1981First permit to drill CBM well. 1985Eastern Region Coalbed Methane Resource Center established by GRI at University of Alabama. 1990Cumulatively, 4,308 wells permitted; 3,587 wells drilled. 19923,089 wells producing; 92 Bcf produced for the year; 290 Bcf cumulative production. 1992End-of-year demise of the federal tax credit on new wells reduces drilling in basin. 1995Eastern Region Coalbed Methane Resource Center closed. 20023,474 Wells producing; 116 Bcf produced for the year; 1.4 Tcf cumulative production.53
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combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de min
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combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de min
CTE tip container
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combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de min
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combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de min APPIN & TOWER , , , New South Wales. 94- , , , Billiton.
, .
, , . , . , , - , (, ) 21
T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali Gaz de min
. . 2006 . 130 150 (
27 ). , 20 % , . 2006. - 55 . (. ) . 22
T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali Gaze etane Gazele cantonate n sedimente anorganice cu permeabilitate mic (tight gas, ) What Is Tight Gas? Tight gas refers to natural gas reservoirs locked in extraordinarily impermeable, hard rock, making the underground formation extremely "tight." Tight gas can also be trapped in sandstone or limestone formations that are atypically impermeable or nonporous, also known as tight sand. Although shales have low permeability and low effective porosity, shale gas is usually considered separate from tight gas, which is contained most commonly in sandstone, but sometimes in limestone. Tight gas is considered an unconventional source of natural gas.
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T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali Gaze etane
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T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali Gaze etane
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T2.2. Surse primare de energie;
combustibili neconvenionali Gaze etane What's the difference between shale gas plays and tight gas plays?
