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Y.D;K 78(075.8)
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ISBN 5-7695-1671-2

@ A6,nymmH 3. 6., HHKOJiaesa E. B., 2004

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TepMHH MY3bticaltbnoe o6yiienue TaKXe rrpMMeHHeTcH B ,n:Byx 3HaqeHMHX. B Y3KOM CMbICJie cnoBa rro,.u MY3bIKaJibHbIM o6yqeHMeM IIOHHMaIOT ocBoeHHe yqaIUHMHCH MY3bIKaJibHbIX 3HaHH:H, YMeHHH H HaBbIKOB.
B IIIMpoKoM 3Haqemrn ..uaHHbIH TepMHH, rroMHMo MY3bIKaJibHbIX 3HaHM:H, YMeHMH M HaBbIKOB, BKJIJOqaeT OIIhIT 3MOI1HOHaJibH0-1IeHHOCTHOfO OTHOIIleHHH yqaIUMXCH K MY3bIKe M HX MY3bIKCUJbHO.:rnoptie-c:Ko:H
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"Mbl BM,L{MM, IIPMHllHIIHaJihHO OTJIMqaeTCH OT rrepBoro - OHO 3HaqMTeJibHO IIOJIHee M rny6xe.
foBOpH 0 MY3bIKaJibHOM o6paJOBaHHM, HeJib3H He HMeTb B BH.z:i;y H

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HarrpaBJieHHbIX Ha CTaHoBJieHHe MY3bIKaJibHo:H KYJibTypbI yqamerocH KaK
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pa3BMTMe M}'3bIKaJibHhIX MHTepecoB, BKYCOB, IIOTpe6HOCTe:H yqameroCH; H pa3BMTHe Bcex CTopoH ero MY3bIKaJibHoro cnyxa, MY3bIKaJibHOH
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Eme o,n:Ho YTOqHeHMe. Ile..uarorMKa MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH, B
TOM qJicJie TeopHH MY3bIKaJibHOfO o6pa30BaHHH, KaK yxe OTMeqanocb,
M3yqaeT ,.ue.su:_~,111,>lfOCTb, CBH3aJ:!HYIO c MY3bIKaJibHbIM o6pa30BaHMeM,
HarrpaBJieHHYIO Ha irpMo6meHHe yqaIUMXCH K l\1Y3hIKaJibHOH KYJibType

B u;eJioM, a He TOJibKO K MY3bIKaJibHOMY HCKyccrny. BoT rroqeMY .[(. B. Ka-

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6aneBCKHH IIPH o6c)')l(,lleHHH BOIIpoca 0 IllKOJibHOM Y'le6noM npe.inteTe

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IlpeA113.3ea11eeHe yqe6eoro npe~eTa

TeopHB My3LIKaJILHOro o6pa30B8HHB

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no.n;roTOBKa HaH6oJiee o.n;apeHHbIX 113 HHX K IIOCTyIIJieHHIO B crre-

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UHaJibHbie yqe6Hbie 3aBe.n;eHHH MH IIOJiyqeHHH BbI6paHHOH HMM MY3bIKaJibHOH cneu;HaJibHOCTH.

o6JiaCTH My3hlKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH. OBJia.n;eH11e Teop11e:H MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH crroco6crnyeT:

pacKpbITJIIO 3HaqHMOCTH Teop1111 MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa30BaHHH .n;JIH

My3bIKaHTbI, pa6orn10m11e B 3TOH c<J?epe, HMeIOT cpe.n;Hee crreu11aJibHoe HJIH BbICillee MY3bIKaJibHo-rre.n;aror11qecKoe HJIH MYJbIKaJibHOe
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<t>opMHpOBaHHIO reopeTHqeCKOfO rrpo<J?ecc110HaJibHOfO MbIIIlJleHHH;
HaKOIIJieHHIO OIIbITa TBopqecKoro rrp11MeHeHHH TeopeT11qecKHX
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B KOHTEKCTE IlPOCl>ECCHOHAJILHOit METO,[(OJIOrOMETO.[(HqECKOit no,n;rOTOBKH yqffTEJIR MY3LIKH 2

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aKzyaJibHbIM BorrpocaM MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH;
pa3BHTHIO crroco6HOCTH caMOCTOHTeJibHOfO 06ora1I1eHHH rrpo<J?ec-

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CHOHaJibHbIX 3HaHHH, YMeHHH JI HaBbIKOB, OIIbITa TBOpqecKOH MY3bIKaJibHO-rre.n;arorJlqeCKOH .n;eHTeJibHOCTH.

B co.n;ep:x<:amm yqe6Horo rrpe.n;MeTa TeopHH MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa30BaHHH paccMaTpHBaeTcH rrpex.n;e Bcero o6mee MY3bIKaJibHoe o6pa-

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o6pa3oBaHHe, HanpaBJieHHoe K 1caJ1CooMyyqameMYCH, 1160 o6mee cpe.n;Hee o6pa30BaHHe B Haille:H cTpaHe HBJIHeTCH o6H3aTeJibHbIM. 0Ho ocymecTBJIHeTcH B IllKOJiax, fHMHa3HHX, JIHI.J;eHX B paMKax yqe6Horo rrpe.n;MeTa My3bIKa rro.n; PYKOBO.D;CTBOM y" um e A Jl My 3 bl I(, u, KOTOpbIH
HMeeT cpe.n;Hee crreu;11aJibHOe HJIH BbICillee ne.n;aror11qecKoe (MY3bIKaJibHo-ne.n;arorttqecKoe) o6pa30BaHHe 11 pa6oTaeT no o.n;Ho:H 113 yqe6HbIX rrporpaMM, B COOTBeTCTBHH C

TeopHH MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHirn;

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1 foJlb.z:leHBeiiJep

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KpyxKaX, B MY3bIKaJibHbIX IllKOJiax, KOTOpbie Terrepb o<PHUHaJibHO
Ha3bIBaIOTCH My3bIKaJibHOe yqpex.n;eHHe .D;OIIOJIHHTeJibHOfO o6pa30-

pa30BaHHe JI B rrpHJiaraeMOM K HeMY rrpHMepHOM yqe6HOM IIJiaHe K

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2 I10.z:1 MeTO,LIOJJOrHeii IIOHHMaeTCH B ,LlaHHOM cnyqae o6JJaCTb rre.z:1arornKH MYJbIKaJJbHOfO o6pa30BaHHH KaK HaYKH, BKJJJoqaJOIUeii B ce6H MeTO,Llbl HCCJJe,LIOBaHHH B
OTJJHqHe OT MeTO,LIOB o6yqeHHH (rrpeIIO,LlaBaHHH H yqeHHH) B MeTO,LIHKe.
3 IlepeqeHb ,LIHCUHIIJJHH ,LlaH B TOM IIOPMKe, B KaKOM HX H3yqaeT 6y.z:1yIUHii yqH TeJJb MY3blKH. McKJJJOqeHHe rrpe.z:1cTaBJ1HeT co6oii IlpaKTHKa. IlocKOJJbKY oHa BXO.LIHT
B rrporpaMMY HeCKOJJbKHX JJeT o6yqeHHH rrapanneJJbHO c .LlPYfHMH yqe6HbIMH rrpe,LIMeTaMH, eJO 3aBeprnaeTCH Beeb CIIHCOK.

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CTOJib IIIHPOKaH H MHOroKoMrroHeHTHaH MeTo.u;oJioro-MeTo,u;mecKaH

IIO,!l;fOTOBKa ytJHTeJIH MY3blKH B By3e o6'bHCHHeTCH Heo6xo.u;HMQCTbIO
C03,!l;aHHH CHCTeMbl, 06ecrreqHBa10meH: B03MO)l(HOCTb pa3pa60TKH czy,D;eHTOM co6cm6eHHOU M 0 e JI u o6w,ezo MY3blKOJlbH020 o6pa306llHUJl,
KOTOpaH orneqana 6bl ero JIU'lHOCmHbtM oco6eHHOCmJl.M KaK MY3btKaHma
U neiJazoza H B TO )Ke BpeMH peIIIaJia 6bI aKmyOJlbHbte 30001lU, KOmOpble

lifayqem1e TeopeTHtieCKHX OCHOB MY3bIK8JlbHOro o6pa30BaHHH rrpe,u;BOCXHru;aeT KYPC MeTOJlHKa MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaH H H , a IIOCJie,!l;HHH B orrope Ha ycBoemrn TeOpHH HarrpaBJieHa Ha
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rrpouecca M)'3bIK8JlbHOro o6pa30BaHHH, H3ytJeHHe pa3JIHqHbIX IIIKOJibHbIX rrporpaMM no MY3bIKe.

cma6um nepeo U1Ko11ou o6w,ecm6o.

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BOIIPOCbl H 3AAAflHR

T H KYM bl, 3a,u;a1rn KoTopbIX - rrpHBHTb 6y,u;yru;HM yqHTemrM MY3bIKH

rrpaKTHqecKHe HaBbIKH no PYKOBo,u;crny, rre,u;arorHqecKoH: opraHH3a-

1. OxapaKTep1nyif:Te OCHOBHOe co)lep.>I<aHHe ilHCUHilJIHHhI Teopm1 My3hIKaJihHOro o6pa3oBaHHH.

2. PacKpoif:Te ocHoBHhie 3a,n;aq11 H3yqaeMoro eypca 11 o6oHCHHTe Heo6xoilHMOCTh HX perneHHH )lJIH CTaHOBJieHHH rrpocpeccHOHaJibHOro MaCTepcTBa yqHTeJrn MY3blKH.

UHH BCeMH HMeIOru;HMH MecTo Ha ypoKax MY3blKH BHJJ;aMH MY3blKaJibHOH ,u;eHTeJibHOCTH IIIKOJibHHKOB.
CJie,u;yIOru;aH JJ;HCUHIIJIHHa - I1 c To p H H My 3 bl Ka JI b H o r o o 6p a 3 0 Ba H H H paccMaTpHBaeT Bee 3TH BOilpOCbl B HCTOpHqecKOM acrreKTe, CBH3bIBaH HX c COBpeMeHHOCTbIO.

3. 11otJeMy TepMHH MY3bIKaJibHaH rre.a;arorHKa CtJHTaeTCH He)lOCTaTO'IHO

KOppeKTHbIM B HayqHOM llOHHMaHHH?
4. lfro 03HaqaeT TepMHH rrpocpeccttoHarrhHhIH Te3aypyc?
5. YKIDKHTe, KaKHe, Ha Balli B3rJIH)l, KaTerOpHH TeOpHH MY3bIKaJibHOfO
o6pa30BaHHH Tpe6yIOT pacKpblTHH MH B03MO)l(H0 6oJiee llOJIHOro BblHBJieHH51
ee cymHocTH.

HaKoHeu, o Tpex rrpe,u;MeTax rrpocpeccHOHaJibHO opHeHTHpoBaHHOro Meto,u;oJioro-MeTo,u;HqecKoro UHKJia BY30BCKHX yqe6HblX JJ;HCUHIIJIHH, KaK 6bl CTOHill;HX Ha,11; OCTaJibHblMH: My3blKaJibHaH IICHXOJIOfHH
H rrcHXOJIOrHH MY3blKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH, MeTo,u;oJiorHH MY3blKaJibHo-rre,u;arorHqecr<;oro o6pa3oBaHHH, IlpaKTHKa.

6. OxapaKTeptt3yif:Te coBpeMeHHoe rroHHMaHHe TepMHHa MY3hIKaJihHoe

o6pa30BaHHe H yKa)l(HTe ero OCHOBHhle pa3HOBH)lHOCTH.
7. PacKpoif:Te co)lep)l(aHtte TepMHHa o6mee MY3hIKaJibHoe o6pa3oBaHHe.

1. MY3blKaJibHaH IICHXOJIOfHH H IICHXOJIOfHH My3 bl K a JI b H 0 r 0 0 6 p a 3 0 B a H H H rrpH3BaHa C03)laTb Ha,!l;e)l(HbIB

,u;aMeHT JlJIH Toro, qT06bl IICHXOJIOfHtleCKHH acrreKT MY3blK8JlbHOfO o6pa30BaHHH ocyureCTBJIHJICH Ha BblCOKOM rrpocpeccHOHaJibHOM ypoBHe.
2. M e T 0 Jl 0 JI 0 r H H II e Jl a r 0 r H K H My 3 bl Ka JI b H 0 r 0 0 6p a 3 0 B a H H H CTaBHT 3a,u;aqy II03HaKOMHTb 6y,u;yru;HX crreUHaJIHCTOB
c OCHOBaMH HCCJie,!l;OBaTeJibCKOH ,u;eHTeJibHOCTH rre,u;arora-My3blKaHTa,
KOTOpaH IIOJiytJHT KOHKpeTHOe BblpIDKeHHe B BbIIIYCKHOH KBaJIHcpHKaUHOHHOH pa60Te.

<PYH-

8. OxapaKTeptt3yif:Te co.a;ep)l(aHHe TepMHHa ilOITOJIHHTeJibHOe MY3hIKarrhHoe o6pa3oBaHHe.

9. PacKpoif:Te co)lep)l(aHtte TepMHHa rrpocpeccttoHaJihHoe MY3hIKaJibHoe 06p~oBaHtte.

10. OxapaKTep113yif:Te ocHOBHhre HarrpaBJieHHH pa6oThr c )leThMH B MY3hr, KaJibHblX yqpe)l(.1l:eHHHX )lOITOJIHHTeJibHOro o6pa3oBaHHH.
11. CpaBHHTe rrpHBOilHMhre HH)l(e <t>opMyJIHpOiiKH TepMHHa MY3hIKarrhHoe o6pa3oBaHHe c ero TpaKTOBKOH, ITPHHHTOH B )laHHOM yqe6HOM rroco-

3. IT pa KT HK a, ueHTpaJibHblM KOMIIOHeHTOM KOTOpoH: HBJIHeTCH

rre,u;arornqecKaH rrpaKTHKa B IIIKOJie, HBJIHeTCH (BMeCTe c BblrryCKHOH
KBaJIHcpHKaUHOHHOH pa6oToH:) JiaKMYCOBOH 6YMaroH: ,!l;JIH BbIHBJieHHH Toro, KaK ycBoeHbl 6y,u;yru;HM yqHTeJieM MY3bIKH rrpocpeccHOHaJibHO
opHeHTHpoBaHHble MeTo,u;oJioro-MeTo,u;HqecKHe JJ;HCUHIIJIHHbI, B TOM
qHcJie H TeopHH MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH.
L(eH:CTBYJOill;HH HbIHe f ocy,u;apcTBeHHblH CTaH,u;apT BY30BCKOfO rre,u;aromqecKoro o6pa30BaHHH pacKpbIBaeT <l>YHKUHH, JIOfHKY, HayqHYJO OCHOBY H co,u;ep)l(aHHe Ka)l(JlOH H3 BblIIIerrepeqHCJieHHbIX yqe6HbIX ,!l;HCUHIIJIHH. 3TO B KOpHe M(eHSieT MHOfOJieTHIOIO Tpa,!l;HUHIO pacCMaTpHBaTb BOilpOCbl HCTOPHH, TeOpHH H MeTO,!l;HKH MY3blKaJibHOfO
o6pa30BaHHH KOMIIJieKCHO, 6e3 HX o6oco6JieHHH B KaqecTBe CaMOCTOHTeJibHblX yqe6HblX rrpe,u;MeToB. TaKoe o6oco6JieHHe 61>mo rro,u;roTOBJieHo, c O,!l;HOH CTOpOHbl, pa3BHTHeM rre,u;arorHKH MY3bIKaJibHOfO
o6pa3oBaHHH, c ,u;pyroH: -

IIOBblIIIeHHeM Tpe6oBaHHH K rrpocpecCHO-

HaJibHOH BY30BCKOH rro,u;roTOBKe 6y,u;yurHx yqHTeJieH: MY3bIKH.

10

6HH:

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If~/
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My3blKaJibHOe o6pa3oBaHHe - rrpouecc ycBoeHHH 3HaHHif, YMeHHH

H HaBLIKOB, Heo6xo.u;HMblX JlJIH MY3blKaJibHoif ,u;eHTeJibHOCTH, a TaKXe
COBOKYIIHOCTb 3HaHHH H CBH3aHHbIX c HeIO YMeHHH H HaBbIKOB, IIOJiy11'.eHHbIX B pe3yJibTaTe o6yqeHHH. Ilo.n MY3blKaJibHblM o6pa3oBaHHeM Hepe,u;Ko IIOHHMaIOT H caMYJO CHCTeMy opraHH3aUHH MY3bIKaJibHOro o6y11'.CHHH. OcHoBHoif rryTL rroJiyqeHHH MY3bIKaJibHOro o6pa3oBaHHH - 3aHHTHH II0,11; PYKOBO,!l;CTBOM rre,u;arora, qaru;e BCero B yqe6HOM 3aBe,u;eHHH. Ba)l(HyIO poJib MO)l(eT HrpaTb H caMoo6pa3oBaHHe, a Ta~e ycBoCHHe 3HaHHH: H YMeHHH: B rrpouecce rrpocpeccHOHaJibHoH: MY3bIKaJibHoif rrpaKTHKH HJIH yqacTHH B caMo,u;eHTeJibHOM MY3HUHpoBaHHH.
(Ba p e H 6 o ii M JI. A. MYJhIKaJihHoe o6pa30BaHHe
11MY3hIKaJihHaH3HIJ;HKJiorre.a;HH I fJI. pe.a;. IO. B. KenilhIW. - M., 1976. - T. 3. 763.)

c.

11

My3hIKMbHoe o6pa3oBaHtte - npouecc M pe3yJibTaT ycBoeHIDI cttcTeMaTM3ttpoBaHHhIX 3HaHtt:H, YMeHMH M HaBhIKOB, Heo6xo.uttMbIX .um1
MY3hIKMhHOH .ueHTeJibHOCTM. Ilo.u MY3hIKMhHhIM o6pa3oBaHtteM noHMMaIOT TaIOKe CMCTeMy opraHM3aUMM MY3bIKaJlbHOro o6yqeHMH B
MY3bIKMhHo-yqe6HhIX 3aBe,ueHMHX. BIDKHYIO poJib MoxeT ttrpaTh M caMoo6pa3oBaHtte.

My3hlKaJihHoe BocnHTaHHe, rrpon;ecc rrpHo6meHHH JIHqHoCTH K MY3hlKaJihHOil: KYJihType o6mecTBa.

11
I

15. OxapaKTepH3yil:Te TepMHH My3hIKaJihHOe o6yqeHHe B yJKOM H IIIHpoKOM CMhICJie CJIOBa.

16. IloHCHHTe, qeM pyKoBo;:i;cTBYIOTCH rre;:i;arorn-My3hIKaHThI, cqHTAA, qrn
IIIKOJlhHhlH yqe6HbIH rrpe,&MeT )l;OJI)l(eH Ha3bIBaTbC$I My3hIKa, a He My3bIK3JlbHOe HCKYCCTBO. CornaCHhl JIM Bbl c TaKOH TOqKoil: 3peHHSI?
17. OxapaKTepHJyil:Te TpaKTOBKY TepMHHOB MY3hIK3JlhHoe o6pa30BaHHe,
MY3hIK3JlhHOe BOCITHTaHHe H HX COOTHOIIIeHHe B IIPHBO)l;HMOM HH)l(e cl>parMeHTe H3 IlpHMepHOH rrporpaMMhl OCHOBHOro o6mero o6pa30BaHHH no
rrpe;:i;Mezy My3hIKa:

(Ka Ty H SI H M .11. My3hIKaJihHoe o6paJo:eamre

My3hIK3JlhHhiil: 3HUHKJiorre;:i;HqecKHil: cJioBapb
fJI. pe;:i;. f. B. KeJI)];hIIII. - M., 1990. - C. 361.)

12. PacKpOil:Te 3HaqeHHe TepMHHa MY3hIK3JlhHOe BOCITHTaHHe.

13. OxapaKTepH3Yil:Te o6mee H oco6ettttoe B rrpHBO)l;HMhix Hm1<:e

aBTop-

CKHX TpaKTOBKax TepMHHa My3hIK3JlbHOe BOCITHTaHHe:

My3hIKMbHoe BocnttTaHtte ueJieHanpaBJieHHOe M cttcTeMaTMqecKoe pa3BMTMe MY3hIKMhHOH KyJihTYPhI, MY3bIKMhHhIX cnoco6HocTe:H qeJIOBeKa, BOCilMTaHMe B HeM 3MOUMOHMbHOH OT3bIBqMBOCTM K
MY3hlKe, noHttMaHMH M rJiy6oKoro nepexttBaHMH ee. co.uepxaHMH.
My3hlKMhHOe BocnttTaHtte ecTb npouecc nepe,uaqtt o6mecTBeHHOMCTopttqecKoro orrhITa MY3hIKMhHOH .ueHTeJihHOCTM HOBOMY noKOJieHMIO, OHO BKJIIOqaeT 3JieMeHTbI MY3hIKaJibHOro o6yqeHMH M MY3bllCQ./lbHOW o6pa308QHUJl...

My3hlKMhHOe BocnttTaHtte, OCYllleCTBJIHeMoe B o6meo6pa3oBaTeJibHOH llIKOJie, .ueTcKOM ca.uy M .upyrttx BHellIKOJihHhIX yqpe)K,lleHMHX qepe3 xopOBOe neHtte, Mrpy Ha MHCTpyMeHTaX, CJIYlllaHMe MY3hIKM M
MY3bIKMhHYIO rpaMOTY' cnoco6cTByeT cpopMMpoBaHMIO MMpOB033peHMH, xy.uoxecTBeHHbIX B3rJIH.UOB M BKyCOB, BOCilMTaHMIO qyBCTB M
HpaBCTBeHHbIX KaqecTB.

11

(AJI He B IO. E. My3hIKaJihHOe BocrrHTaHHe

My3hIK3JlhHAA 3HUHKJiorre;:i;HH
[JI. pe;:i;. IO. B. KeJI. ;:i;hIIII. - M., 1976. - T. 3. - C. 755.)

14. IlpoaH3JIH3Hpyil:Te rrpHBO)l;HMYIO HH)l(e xapaKTepHCTHKY cym;HOCTH TeopHH MY3hIK3JlbHOfO BOCITHTaHHH c TOqKH 3peHHH Toro, KaKHe TepMHHhI H B
KaKOM 3HaqeHHH B Heil: rrpHMeHHIOTCH.
BaxHeliUIMMM B Teoptttt MY3hIKMhHoro BocnttTaHMH HBmIIOTCH npo6JieMhI MY3hlKMhHoro Bocnp11HTMH 11 MY3hIKMhHhIX cnoco6HocTeli.
Bocnp11HTMe My3hIK11 (cJIYlllaHtte, nepe)KMBaH11e, noH11MaH11e, oueHKa) OCHOBaHO Ha CJIO)KHO~ B3al1MO,UeHCTBl1M 3MOU110HaJibHOro M paUl10HMbHO-JIOr11qecKoro MexaHM3MOB IlCMXl1KM, B pe3yJibTaTe KOTOporo B co3HaH11M CJIYlllaTeJIH po)K.L{aeTcH MY3hlKMhHhIH o6pa3.
<DopM11poBaHtte MY3hIKMhHhIX cnoco6HOCTeli paccMaTp11BaeTCH B Teop11M MY3bIKMbHOro BOCilMTaHMH KaK npouecc, no,uqMHeHHhlH 06m11M nc11x11qeCKMM 3aKOHOMepHOCTHM pa3Bl1TMH TBopqecKMX
cnoco6HocTeli.

<... >

II
I

(P a rr a u K a H JI . A. My3hIKaJihHOe BocrrHTaHHe
PoccHil:cKM rre;:i;arornqecKM 3HIJ;HKJIOITe)];H$1: B 2 T.
fJI. pe;:i;. B.B.,[(aBbl)];OB. - M., 1993. - T. 1. - C. 604-

605.)
12

11

(Parr au Ka SI JI. A. My3hIKaJihHOe BOCIIHTaHife

PoccHil:cKaH rre;:i;arorHqecKaH 3HUHKJiorre;:i;HH:
B 2 T. fJI. pe;:i;. B. B.,[(aBhl)];OB. - T. 1. - M.; 1993. -

c. 604.)

MaccoBoe MY3hIKMbHoe o6pa3oBaHtte 11 Bocn11TaHtte .UOJI)KHO onttpaTbcH Ha npMHUl1Il nptt3HaH11H c a M 0 u e H H 0 c TM MY3bIKaJibHOrO

MCKyCCTBa, KOTOphrli no3BOJIHeT YHam11McH qepe3 MHT0Hau110HH0-06pa3HYIO npttpo.uy MY3bIKM Il03HaBaTb MMp 11 caMoro ce6H B 3TOM MMpe.

H.r.,

r.n.,

(KoBaJieHKO
CepreeBa
CTapo6HHCKHil: C.JI., llIKOJIHP JI.B. My3hIKa
IlpnMepHhie rrporpaMMhI ocHoBHoro 06mero o6pa3oBaHHH
CocT. A. M. Bo;:i;HHCKHil:,
H. fapa. - 4-e HJ.n. - M., 2001. - C. 264.)

11

H.

18. B qeM 3aKJiroqaeTCH pa3HHn;a Me)l()];y My3hIK3JlhHhIM H MY3hIKaJihHo-rre;:i;aromqecKHM o6pa3oBaHHeM?

19. B qeM BH)];HT crren:H<l>HKY MY3hIKaJibHo-rre;:i;aromqecKoro o6pa3oBaHHH
H. A. TepeHTheBa, Kor;:i;a rrHIIIeT:
BhICUiee MY3hIKMhHO-ne.uarorttqecKoe o6pa3oBaHtte HBJIHeTcH no
CYllleCTBY IlOKa3aTeJieM .uyxoBHoro COCTOHHMH o6mecTBa, npMHUMilMaJibHbIM cpaKTopoM era fYMaH113aUMM. My3hIKMhHo-ne.uarornqecKoe
o6pa30BaHtte Mbl onpe.ueJIHeM KaK MHTerpaT11BHYIO BOCilMTaTeJibHYIO
CMCTeMY, KaK npouecc 11 pe3yJihTaT .uyxoBHO-npaKTMqecKoro IlOCTM)KeHMH co311.D;aTeJibHO-fYMaHMCTMqecKMx <l>YHKU11H MY3hIK~, HanpaBJieHHhIH Ha OilTl1MM3aUMIO Jil1qHOCTM BO BCeM 6oraTCTBe npOHBJieHMH
ee ueHHOCTHbIX Il03MU11H, .uelicTBeHH0-3CTeTMqecKoro OTHOUieHl1H K
KyJihTYpe M o6mecTBy.
(Tepe HT he Ba H. A. ,[(. E. Ka6aJieBCKHil: - My3hIKaHT - rre;:i;aror - rrpocBeTHTeJih
Tpa;:i;HIJ;HH
H HOBaTOPCTBO B MY3bIK3JlhH0-3CTeTHqecKOM o6pa30BaHHH: MaTepHaJihI Me)l()];yttapo;:i;Hoil: KOHcl>epeHUHH TeopHH H rrpaKTHKa MY3hIKaJihHOro 06pa30BaHHH: HCTopnqecKHil: acrreKT, COBpeMeHHoe COCTOHHHe H rrepcrreKTHBhI pa3BHTHH
Ilo;:i; pe;:i;.
E.,[(. KpHTCKOH HJI. B. llIKOJUJ:p. - M., 1999. 7.)

11

c.

20. PacKpoil:Te B o6meil: cI>opMe CO)lep)l(aHHe UHKJia rrpocl>eccnoHaJihHO HarrpaBJieHHhIX MeTO)l;OJIOro-MeTO)l;HqecKHX )l;HCIJ;HITJIHH.

13

PEKOMEH,IJ;YEMAH JIHTEPATYPA1

f JI AB A 2. MY3bl.KAJibHOE llCKYCCTBO
B Ol>PA30BATEJibHOM IIPOQECCE

OCHOBHAfl
A 6 .a: y JI JI H H 3. E. My3bIKa 11 PoccHiicKrui: ne.a:aromqecKaH 3HllHKJione.n;HH. - M., 1993.
A JI H e B 10. E. MeTo.n;HKa MY3bIKaJibHoro BOCITHTaHHH .n;eTeii (OT .n;eTcKoro
ca.n;a - K HaqanbttoH: llIKone). - Bopotte)I(, 1998.
Ee 3 6 op o .a: o Ba JI. A. CYlllHOCTb TeopHH MY3bIKaJibHOro o6pa30BaHHH 11
Ee36opo.n;oBa JI.A., A.JrneB 10. E. MeTo.n;HKa npeno.n;aBaHHH MY3bIKH B 06111e06pasoBaTeJibHbIX yqpe)l()J;eHHHx: Yqe6. noco6He ,u;rn czy.n;eHTOB MY3bIKaJibHbIX
<t>aKYJibTeTOB ne.n;By3oB. - M., 2002.
focy.n;apcTBeHHblH o6pa30BaTeJibHbIH CTaH.n;apT BbIClllero npo<t>ecCHOHaJibHOro o6pa3oBaHHH. Cne11HanbHOCTb 030700 - My3bIKaJibttoe o6pa3oBaHHe.
KBanH<l:>HKallHH - yqHTeJib MY3bIKH. - M., 2000.
KoH11en11HH xy.n;o)l(ecTBeHttoro o6pa3oBaHHH B PoccHHCKOH <I>e.n;epa11HH 11
My3bIKa B llIKOJie. - 2001. N2 3.
My3bIKaJibttoe o6pa3oBattHe B llIKone: Yqe6. noco6He I Ilo.a: pe.n;. JI. B. lliKoJIHp. - M., 2001.

EcnH 6b1 MHe npHllIJIOCb BHOBb rrepe)l(HTb

CBOIO )l(H3Hb, H ycTaHOBHJI 6bI .a:mr ce6H npaBHJIO qHTaTb KaKoe-TO KOJIHqecTBO CTHXOB H
CJiylllaTb KaKoe-TO KOJIHqecTBO MY3blKH no
KpaliHeH Mepe pa3 B He.n;enIO; MO)l(eT 6b1Tb,
ITYTeM TaKoro (nocTOHHHoro) ynpa)l(Hettmr MHe
y.n;anocb 6bl coxpaHHTb aKTHBHOCTb Tex qacTeii
M03ra, KOTOpb!e Tenepb aTpO<l:>HpOBaJIHCb, YTpaTa 3THX BKYCOB paBHOCHJibHa YTPaTe cqacTbH
H, MO)l(eT 6bITb, Bpe.n;HO OTpa)l(aeTCH Ha yMCTBeHHbIX crroco6HOCTHX, a eme BepO.HTHee Ha HpaBCTBeHHbIX KaqecTBax, TaK KaK OCJia6JI.HeT 3MOllHOHaJibHYIO crnpotty ttallleH npHpO.n;bl.
q . .LJ:apBHH

.[(OIIOJIHl1TEJibHAfl
An He B 10. E. My3bIKaJibHOe BocnHTaHHe 11 My3bIKaJibHaH 3HllHKJione.n;HH. - T. 3. - M., 1976.
AnpaKcH Ha O.A. MeTo.n;HKa MY3bIKaJibHoro BOCITHTaHHH B llIKOJie: Yqe6.
noco6He. - M., 1982.
A p q a)!( H HK o Ba JI. r. Ilpo<t>eccHH - yqHTeJib MY3bIKH: Yqe6. noco6He. M., 1983.
Ea p e H 6 o li M JI. A. My3bIKaJibHoe o6pa3oBaHHe 11 My3bIKaJibHrui: 3HllHKJione.n;HH. - T. 3. - M., 1976.
Ka 6 an e B c K H li .[(. E. Tpe6oBaHHe BpeMeHH 11 MYJbIKa B llIKOJie. - 1983. -

N2 1.

K H H III e HK o H.11. U:enH, 3a,11;aqH H npHHllHITbI 3CTeTHqecKoro BOCITHTaHHH

113cTeTHqecKoe BOCITHTaHHe: TeopHH H npaKTHKa I OTB. pe.n;. B.11. CaMOXBaJIOBa. - M., 1990.
M e .a: y llI e B c K H ii B. B. My3bIKaJibHoe o6pa3oBaHHe 11 CnYTHHK yqHTeJIH
MY3bIKH I CocT. T. B. qeJibillleBa. - M., 1993.
Me .a: y llI e B c K H li B. B. Yrny6JIHTb Kott11en11mo MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH 11 CoaeTcKrui: MY3bIKa. - 1981. - N2 9.
Pan a 11 Ka H JI. A. My3bIKaJibHoe BOCITHTaHHe 11 PoccHHCKrui: ne.a:aromqecKaH 3HllHKJione.n;HH. - M., 1993.
CyxOMJIHHCKHH: B.A MYJbIKall1136p. ne.a:. coq.: B 3T. -T.1.-M., 1978.
Tepe HT be Ba H. A. 11crnpHH H TeopHH MY3bIKaJibHOH ne.a:aromKH H o6pa3oBaHHH: Yqe6. noco6He: B 2 qacrnx. - Bhln. 1 H 2. - CII6., 1994.
Tepe H Tbe Ba H.A. TeopeTHqecKHe octtoBbI BblClllero MY3bIKaJibHo-ne.a:aromqecKoro o6pa3oBaHHH. - CII6., 1996.

My3bIKa B CHCTeMe HCKyCCTB 3aHHMaeT COBeprneHHO oco6oe MeCTO.

0 HeH fOBOpHT KaK 0 HaH6onee qYBCTBeHHOM cpe,llH HCKyCCTB. 0.llHaKO
cyw;ecrnyeT H 11pHMO 11poTHB0110Jio)l(HaH TpaKTOBKa MY3bIKH KaK HaH6onee o6o6m;eHHoro H a6cTpaKTRoro HCKyccrna, KOTOpoe MO)J{HO cpaBHHTb c qmnocoqme:H H MaTeMaTHKOH.

xapaKTe-

PaccMaTpHBaH o6mee H oco6eHHoe B MY3bIKe 110 OTHOIIIeHHIO K

.llPYfHM HCKyCCTBaM, A.A.MeJIHK-IlarnaeB o6pamaeT BHHMaHHe Ha
CllOC06HOCTb My3bIKH, 110,ll06HO ,llpyrHM BH,llaM HCKyCCTBa, rOBOPHTb
0 TOM, qrn HeB03MO)KHO Bbipa3HTb CJIOBaMH. Ho B OTJIHqHe OT .llPYfHX
HCKyCCTB, OHa, 110 CJIOBaM HCCJie,llOBaTeJIH, ,lleJiaeT 3TO HBHO, o6Ha)KeHHO H He11ocpe,llCTBeHHO.
Il03TOMy HMeHHO Ha llPHMepe My3bIKH Jierqe 06'bHCHHTb pe6eHKy,
qrn HCTHHHOe llPOH3Be,lleHHe HCKyCCTBa Bcer,lla coo6maeT 0 qeM-TO
TaKOM, qrn He11epeBO,llHMO 6e3 OCTaTKa B Bep6aJibHO-pa:u;HOHaJibHbIH
IIJiaH, XOTH H llOCTH)KHMO B HaIIIeM :ueJIOCTHOM ,llyxOBHOM OllbITe. IlpH
3TOM CJIOBa .llOJl)J(HbI llOMOqb pe6eHKy YJIOBHTb TO, qTO Bcer,lla OCTaeTCH Ha,ll CJIOBaMH, 1103TOMY CJIOBa HYXHbl He 06b1qHbie, a 6JIH3KHe K
HCKyCCTBY CJIOBa2.
1

I IlpH pa6oTe c )laHHbIM yqe6HHKOM CJie)lyeT yqecTb, qTQ rrepeqeHb peKOMeH)lyeMoii JIHTepaTypb! COCTaBJieH B COOTBeTCTBHH c HOpMaTHBHbIMH Tpe6oBaHHHMH, cornacHo KOTOPbIM B OCHOBHYJO JIHTepazypy MOryT BXO)lHTb HJ)laHHH, BblIIYll.leHHble He
paHee 1998 ro)la. JfcKJI10qeHHe rrpe)lCTaBJIHIOT 3HUHKJIOIIe)lHqecKHe CJIOBapH H paJJIHqHoro po)la crrpaBoqHaH JIHTepazypa.

T. B. tiepe,llHHqeHKO,

PH3YH 3TOT 11apa,ll0Kc MY3bIKH, BH.llHT ero llPHPO.llY B TOM, qrn MY3bIKa - 3TO BOIIJIOllJ;eHHe :ueJibHOCTH qeJIOBeKa, e,llHHCTBa B HeM llPHPO.llbl H ,llyxa 1

Hbiii,
2

q e p e .ll H H q e H Ko T. B. MYJbIKa B HCTOPHH KYJibTypbI. - Bbm. 1. - .LI:onronpy.ll1994. - C. 29.

CM.: MeJIHK-ITamaes A.A. TaiiHbI MYJbIKH B KOHTeKcTe rre.a:aromKH //

Tpa.a:HUHH H HOBaTopcTBO B MYJbIKaJibHo-::icTeTHqecKOM o6paJoBaHHH: MaTepHanbI

Me)K)lyHapo.a:Hoii KOH<fJepeHUHH Teopm1 H rrpaKTHKa MYJbIKaJibHOro o6pa3oBaHHH:
HCTOpHqecKHit acrreKT, cospeMeHHoe cocmHHHe H rrepcrreKTHBbI paJBHTHH I ITo.a:
pe.a:. E . .D;.KpHTCKoii, JI.B. IllKOJIHp. - M., 1999. - C. 63-64.

15

. Eme o.n;Holi 0Tm1qJITeJihHOH oco6eHHocn;ro My3hIKH, no MHeHHIO

MenHK-IlarnaeBa, .si:Bmi:eTc.si: To, qTo ee Bhipa3HTeJihHOCTh He rrpSIqeTc.si: OT HeHCKYilleHHOfO cnyrnaTeJISI 3a H306paJKeHHeM SIBJieHHH Ii
co6bITHH )l{Jf3HH, a IIPSIMO B03.D;eHCTByeT Ha ero .n;yrny. 3HaqHT, Ii B
3TOM cnyqae crreumpHKa BC.sIKOfO xy.D;O)l(eCTBeHHOfO o6pa3a BbICryrraeT B MY3hIKe oco6eHHO .si:BHO, o6Ha)KeHHO H Herrocpe.n;cTBeHHO. Ilo3TOMY HMeHHO MY3hIKa crroco6Ha IIOMoqb pe6eHKY rroqYBCTBOBaTb Ii

AA

IIOH.sITb, qTO_ ~.l(O)l(eC!!!~_I!l!QDLl!.ltQH~l}-~~J:J.I:UL=: B. ero Bbipa3HTeJII;iHOCTH 1

IlpH 3TOM yqeHbIH rrpe.n;ocTeperaeT rre.n;aroroB-MY3hIKaHTOB OT rroHCKOB B My3bIKe OT3B)'KOB Ii OIIHCaHHH KOHKpeTHbIX )l{Jf3HeHHbIX CHzyauHli, TaK KaK HMeHHO MY3hIKa, o6ocTp.si:.si: BOCIIPHHMqHBOCTb K BbIpa3JITeJibHOCTH, MO)KeT oxpaHHTb pacTY1Uero qenoBeKa OT pacrrpocTpaHeHHoii 6oJie3HH "HaHBHOfO peaJIH3Ma" (ecJIH, KOHeqHo, He BHe.D:P.sITb "HaHBHbIH peaJIH3M" B caMO My3bIKaJibHOe BOCIIHTaHHe, 3aCTaBJISISI MaJieHhKHX .n;eTeli HCKaTb B MY3bIKe OT3B)'KH Ii "oIIHCaHHSI"
KOHKpeTHbIX )l(HTelicKHX Cli'fYaUHH) 2.
,... B .<l>IDioco<l:>HH rre.uarornKH CJIO)KHJIHCh pa3JIHqHhie ToqKH 3pt;11u.si:
/Ha Jt ~-.n; H a 3 H a q e H Ii e My 3 bl Ka JI b H 0 r 0 0 6 p a 3 0 B a H Ii .sI \ B

~6m~cTse.

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--corlli!9HO. O.l(HQH .H3 HHX, MY3Ji>IKa .sIBJI.sieTC.sI rrpe:x<;n;e BCero cpeaclfii9.iitflo3Q..cflfm6UR na unaueuaa~__H'a ero xy.n;o)l(ecTBeHHoe, 3CTeooecKoe, HpaBCTBeH:lioe"p.a313JITi.fe.teM caMhIM rro.uqepKHBaerc.si: rrpHcyIUHH eif: rrpHKJIMHOH xapaKTep. ComacHo .n;pyroli II03HUHH, B MY3bIKaJihHOM o6pa30BaHHH Heo6xo.n;HMO__ BOCIIHTbIBaTb rrpe)l(.D;e Bcero(iignHQ.~mHOC_J}f!.lHOUJeHUe K cctoii MY3blKe,' H6o MY3bIKa BIIOJIHe .D;OCTOHHa
TOfo:-q;.06hI yrBep~aTb co6cTBeHHhie rrpHOpJITeTbI 3
B CBeTe cKa3aHHoro rrpe.n;cTaBJISieTCSI oqeBH.n;HhIM uenecoo6pa3HOCTh
TaKoro rro.n;xo.n;a, B KOTopoM Harnno 61>1 oTpa)l(eHHe 63aUMoaono;menue
3THX .n;Byx KOHuerrzyanbHbIX B033peHHli. TeM caMbIM Momo 6bI 6bITb
.D;OCTHrHYTO CTOJib Heo6xo.n;HMOe B Hallie BpeMSI IIOHHMaHHe3HaqHMOCTH paccMOTPeHHH B MY3hIKaJibHo-o6pa3oBaTeJibHOM rrpouecce MY3hIKH KaK caMo6bITHoro MY3bIKaJibHoro <PeHOMeHa H ee B03MO)KHOCTeli B
pa3BHTHH JIHqHOCTH Ii o6mecTBa B ueJIOM.

1 CM.: Me JI R K - IT a Ill a e B A. A. Tail:HbI My3hIKR B KOHTeKcTe rre.naromKR //

Tpa.nawrn R HOBaTopcTBo B MY3hIKaJihH0-3CTeTRqecKoM o6pa3oBaHRR: MaTepRaJihI
Me)KJJ;yHapO)lHOil: KOH<l>epeHURR Teopm1 R rrpaKTRKa My3b!KaJibHOfO o6pa30BaHRH:
RcTopaqecKRil: acrreKT, cospeMeHHOe cocToHHRe R rrepcrreKTRBhI pa3BRTRSI / Ilo.n
pe.n. E.)l;. KpRTCKoil:, JI. B. IlIKoJisip. - M., 1999. - C. 64-65.
2 TaM )Ke. - C. 65.
3 CM.: Te JI b q a po Ba - Ky p e HK o Ba P.A. MeTO.noJiorn'ieCKRe H TeopeTHqeCKHe
rrpo6JieMbI MY3hIKaJibHoro 06pa3osaHHH // Borrpoch1 rro.nroTOBKH MY3hIKaHTa-rre.narora. - MarnRTOropcK, 1997; Ill. e p 6 a Ko Ba A.11. AKcHOJIOmH MY3hIKaJibHo-rre.naromqecKoro o6pa3oBaHRSI / Ilo.n peJl. 3.E.A6.nyMRHa. - M., 2001; Ea3HKOB A.C.
MYJbIKaJihHOe 06pa30BaHae B cospeMeHHOil: PoccHH. - TaM6oB, 2002; Ee pH c Ta it H Jl.
KoHuepTbI .!lJlS! MOJIO,!le)l(R / Ilep. c aHrJI. n rrpe.nHcJIOBHe E. <1>. EpoH<l>HH. - JI., 1991.

16

2.1. Cl>YHKD;HH MY3bIKAJibHOfO HCKYCCTBA

II lIX PEAJIH3AIJ;HH B MY3blKAJibHOM OBPA30BAHHH
My3bIKa OKp~aeT pe6eHKa c rrepBbIX .n;Heli )l(H3HH, B03.n;eH:cTByeT
Ha 3MOUHOHaJibHbIM, o6pa3HbIH BHYTpeHHHH MHp, paCillHp.sISI Ii yrny6JISISI ero.

O.D;HOH CTOpOHbI, o6meHHe c MY3bIKOH OTKpbIBaeT B03MO)l(HOCTH

,llJISI .n;yxOBHOfO CTaHOBJieHH.sI JIHqHC)C,Tli Ii ee caMOBblpaJKeHH.sI, c .llPYroli - KOJIJieKTHBHbie BH.n;hI MY3bIKaJibHOH .ue.si:TeJibHOCTH (xopoBoe H
aHCaM6JieBoe rreHHe, COBMeCTHOe HHCTpYMeHTaJibHOe MY3HUHPOBaHHe Ii ,llp.) crroco6cTBYJOT po)l(,lleHHIO Ii pa3BHTHIO qYBCTBa corrpHqaCTHOCTH yqamHXC.sI K MY3bIKaJibHO-TBopqecKOH ,lleSITeJibHOCTH, HX e,llHHeHHIO B rrpouecce o6meHH.si: c MY3bIKOH.
My3bIKaJihHoe o6pa30BaHHe (BocrrHTaHHe, o6yqeHHe, pa3BHTHe)
crroco6cTByeT <PopMHpoBaHHIO 3CTeTHqecKoro qYBCTBa, BKYCa, xy.uo)KeCTBeHHbIX IIOTpe6HOCTeli, omymeHH.sI Ii OC03HaHHSI KpaCOTbI, rapMOHHH B HCKYCCTBe Ii OKp~aromeli )l(H3HH.
My3bIKaJihHoe HCKYCCTBO, KaK H3BeCTHo, BbIIIOJIHSieT orrpe.ueneHHbie o6mecTBeHHbie <l>YHKUHH.
.

II03HUHH rre.uarorHKH My3bIKaJibHOf.O o6pa30BaHH.sI 3TH <l>YHKUHH

BbICTYfialOT KaK OCHOBHbie OpHeHTHpbl IIpli orrpe.ueneHHH HanpaBJieHHOCTH MY3bIKaJibHOfO BOCIIHTaHHSI, o6yqeHHSI Ii pa3BHTH.sI pe6eHKa.
B co.uep)l(aTeJihHOM OTHorneHHH rre.uarornKe MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa30BaHH.sI HaH60Jiee 6JIH30K IIO,llXO.ll K KJiaCCH<l:>HKaUHH <l>YHKUHH MY3bIKaJibHOfO HCKYCCTBa, rrpe.llJIO)l(eHHbIH B pa6ornx B. H. XonorroBoli.
JilccJie,lloBaTeJib Bbl,lleJI.si:eT CJie,llYJOIUHe <Py H K ll Ii H: KOMMYHHKaTHBHYJO, OTpa)l(eHH.sI .ueliCTBHTeJibHOCTH, 3THqecKYJO, 3CTeT~eCKYJO, KaHOHHqecKYJO (KaHOHH3HPYIOIUYIO) I , 3BpHCTHqecKYJO, II03HaBaTeJibHO-IIpOCBeTHTeJibCKYJO, B HTOre - 06U1,ecmee1-11-10-npeo6pa3y10u-0J102.
Ka:x<;n;aSI H3 3THX <l>YHKUHM B MY3hIKaJibHo-o6pa3oBaTeJibHOM rrpouecce, c o.uHoli cTopoHbI, BbICTYfiaeT BO B3aHMOCB.sI3H co BCeMH .llPYfliMH <l>YHKllH.sIMH, a c ,llpyroli HMeeT CBOIO HarrpaBJieHHOCTb H .
crreuH<l>HKY.
PaccMOTPHM RX 6onee IIO,llp06HO.

KoMMyHHKaTHBHWI <l>YHKIJ;IHI
PaccMaTpHBa.si: KOMMYHHKaTHBHYJO <l>YHKUHIO HCKYCCTBa, B. H. XonorroBa oco6o no.uqepKHBaeT, qTo B03.llelicTBHe MY3hIKaJibHOro HcKYCCTBa HOCHT .D:ByHarrpaBJieHHbIH JIHqHo-couHanbHbIH xapaKTep,
1 Ilo.n KaHOHHqecKoil: (KaHOHR3HPYJOIUeil:) <l>YHKUHeit aBTOP ITOHHMaeT KYJibTYPHYIO rrpeeMcTBeHHOCTb.
2
CM.: X o JI o rr o Ba B. H. My3hIKa KaK BH.!l HCKYCCTBa. My3hIKaJihHoe rrpoH3Be.neHHe KaK <PeHOMeH. - M., 1994. - C. 6.
I

17

npH11eM couHaJihHoe .uaeTcH B HH.llHBH.llYaJihHhIX muymeHHHX JIHtIHoCTH.

Oco6eHHOCThIO MY3hIKH KaK caMoro Henocpe.ucTBeHH0-3MOUHOHaJihHOro H3 HCKYCCTB HBJIHeTCH TO, 1ITO 6Jiaro.uapH CHJie HH.llHBH.llYaJibHbIX omymeHHif o6eKTHBHo-couHanbHoe co.uep)l(aHHe npoH3Be.ueHHH npHo6peTaeT )lJIH BOCnpHHHMaIOIUero nOBbIIIIeHHYIO JIH1IHYJO
y6e.UHTeJibHOCTh 1 IlpH 3TOM xy,llO)l(HHK, no o6pa3HOMY BbipaxeHHIO
,L(.,L(. IlloCTaKOBHtia, MO)l(eT noKa3aTb MHJIJIHOHaM mo.ueif: TO, 1ITO
.uenaeTCH B .llYIIIe 0.llHOfO qeJIOBeKa, H 0.llHOMY qeJIOBeKY OTKpbITb TO,
11eM HanoJIHeHa .UYIIIa Bcero 11eJI0Be11ecTBa2.
Bo3MO)l(HOCTH MY3hIKH, KOTOpbie TaK HpKo BhI.lleJieHhI B .uaHHhIX
BbICKa3blBaHHHX, K CO)l(aJieHHIO, .uaneKO He BCer.ua peaJIH3YJOTCH B
ne.uarorn11ecKoH: npaKTHKe. 11 3TO 11ame Bcero 6hrnaeT Tor.rta, Kor.ua
yqHTeJib CBOHMH cy6beKTHBHbIMH CJIOBeCHbIMH TpaKTOBKaMH H xapaKTepHCTHKaMH no.uMeHHeT B03MO)l(HOCTb caMOH MY3bIKH, nocpe,llCTBOM
3aJIO)l(eHHOro B HeH: o6beKTHBHO-COUHaJibHOro co.uep)l(aHHH, nocTeneHHO po)l()laTb B pe6eHKe TY caMYJO noBbIIIIeHHYJO JIHtIHYJO y6e.uHTeJibHOCTh, 0 KOTOpoH: fOBO.~lJl~.H~X9d!.<?EOBa

.. "' .. """"' " "'"' ....

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. <l>yHKUHH OTpa)l(eHHH .ueH:CTBHT~OCTH B MY3bIKe pacKpb!BaeTCH

B. H. XononoBoif: B Tpex acneKTax: fK'iik--0,rpaxeHRe H.lleH:, oTpaxeHHe
3MOUHH, OTpa)l(eHHe npe.uMeTHOfO MHp~)i
B caMOM co.uepxattHHH nponecce MY3hIKaJihHOro o6pa3oBaHHH OHH
BbICTYJiaIOT B CBOeM e,llHHCTBe. BMeCTe c TeM B COOTBCTCTBHH c B03paCTHbIMH oco6eHHOCTHMH lf B03M0)1(}10CTHMH yqaIUHXCH, ypoBHeM HX
o6mero H MY3hIKaJibHoro pa3BHTHH Ha MY3hIKaJihHhIX 3aHHTHHX aKueHT .ueJiaeTCH Ha onpe.ueJieHHOM acneKTe OTpa)l(eHHH .ueliCTBHTeJibJ:!_QCTH B HCKYCCTBe.
TaK, .llIIH yqaIUHXCH HatiaJihHhIX KJiaccoB Ha nepBh!H IIJiaH BhICTY/ naeT OTpa)l(eHHe B MY3bIKe 3MOUHOHaJibHOfO COCTOHHHH qeJIOBeKa lf
MHpa, OKp~a10mero .ueTeH:. ,L(JIH no.upocTKOB Bee 60JibIIIee 3HatieHHe
npHo6perneT pacKphITHe B MY3hIKe pa3JIH11HhIX xy.uo)l(eCTBeHHbIX R.lleH:.
B o6meM MY3hIKaJibHOM o6paJoBaHHH <l>YHKUHH oTpa)l(eHHH .ueH:
CTBHTeJihHOCTH Bcer.ua BbICzyrraeT B KatieCTBe CBepx3a.ua11H MY3hIKaJibHbIX 3aHHTHH - pacKphITHH CBH3H MY3hIKH c }l(lf3HhIO. IlpoHBJieHHH
3THX CBH3eif: MoryT 6hITb caMbIMH pa3H006pa3HbIMH, 1ITO o6Hapy)l(lfBaeTCH, B tiaCTHOCTH, KaK B nporpaMMHOH, TaK lf B HenporpaMMHOH MY3hIKe.

/
l

1 X o JI o 11 o Ba B. H. MyJbIKa KaK BHJl 11CKYCCTBa. MyJb!KaJibHoe 11poHJse.ueH11e

KaK <I>eHoMeH. - M., 1994. - C. 5.
2 lllocTaKoB11q ,[(.).J;. MyJbIKa 11 speMH. 3aMeTKl1 KOM110J11Topa // My3b!Ka 11
cospeMeHHOCTb. CuopH11K crnTeit / 06ruaH pe.u. ,[(. B. <l>p11IllMaHa. - Bb!11. 10. - M.,

1976. -

18

c. 10.

3Tlf1leCKaJI cl>YHKIUl.H.

lITO KacaeTCH 3TH1IeCKOH <l>YHKUHH MY3bIKH, TO OTetieCTBeHHOe

o6pa30BaHHe B CBOHX OCHOBHbIX KOHUenzyaJihHbIX ycTaHOBKaX BCer.ua
HCXO.lllfJIO lf3 npH3HaHHH BbICOKHX HpaBCTBeHHbIX B03MO)l(HOCTeif: HCKYCCTBa, 1ITO HaIIIJIO OTpa)l(eHHe B M3BeCTHOM KpbIJiaTOM BbipaxeHMH
AC. IlYIIIKHHa: ...M qyBCTBa .uo6pbre H JilfPOH rrpo6~aJI. TaKoe noHHMaHHe npe.uHa3HatieHHH MCKYCCTBa npMcyme M OTetieCTBeHHbIM rre.ua-:
roraM-MY3hIKaHTaM, YTBep)l()laBIIIHM, HarrpMMep, 11To npeKpacHoe
rrpo6y)l()laeT .uo6poe (,L(. E. Ka6aneBCKHli).
3cTeTlf1leCKa.H cl>YHKD;HB
3cTeTM11ecKaH <l>YHKUHH MY3bIKM, no MHeHHIO B. H.XoJionoBoH:,
MO)l(eT 6bITb npe)l(,lle Bcero pacKpbITa CKB03b npH3MY KaTeropMH_~~a
COTa H rapMOHHH)KpaCHBOe, rrpeKpacHoe, rapMOHH1IHOe, copa3= .
'-nepHoe, - mrmerliccJie.uoBaTeJih, - Bcer.ua 6bIJIH Ba)l(HeMIIIMMH KpHTepMHMH MY3bIKaJibHOro COtIHHeHMH, ueJibIO KOMn03HUHOHHOfO peMCCJia, PYKOBO.llHIUeM: 3a.ua11eM: TeopMH MY3hIKH 1. B 3TOH CBH3H Ba)l(HeifIIIaH 3a,lla11a yqHTeJIH BR.llHTCH B pacKpbITHH KpacOTbl H rapMOHHM,
rnaBHhIM o6pa3oM Ha ypoBHe MY3hIKaJibHoro rrpoH3Be.ueHHH. IlepcrreKTHBHOH lf 3HatIMMOM npe,llCTaBJIHeTCH H npo6JieMa pa3BMTHH Ha
ypoKax MY3hIKH 3CTeTn11ecKoro OTHOIIIeHMH yqaIUHXCH K MY3hIKe.
3cTeTM1ICCKOe OTHOIIIeHMe K MY3bIKaJibHOMY HCKYCCTBY, KaK CBH.ueTeJibCTByeT HCCJie.UoBaHHe
EYTHHK, rrpe.ucTaBJIHeT co6oit rrpouecc B3aHMO)leif:CTBMH cy6beKTa c MY3bIKOif:, npM BOCnpMHTMM KOTOpoit B03HHKaIOT 3CTeTR1IeCKHe tIYBCTBa H oueHKa B COOTBeTCTBHH co
CJIO)l(MBIIIMMCH B npOIIIJIOM OIIbITe H)leaJibHbIM npe.u9JJlB~- 0
rrpeKpacHoM':~OrpYJCTYpa 3Cre 111qecKOf0cYiiro..IIIeillffiBKJII011aeT B ce6;p
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------- - .

Ar.

KaK OTMe11ae'f' aBTOp, crreuH<t>HKa 3TOfO OTHQII,IeHHH o6ycJIOBJieHa

oco6eHHOCTHMH MY3bIKaJibHOfO HCKYCCTBa. 0Ha npOHBJIHeTCH B TOM,
1ITO: MY3bIKaJibHOe BOCIIpHHTHe, onMpaHCb He TOJibKO Ha MY3bIKaJibHhIH, HO lf Ha }l(lf3HeHHhiif: onbIT qeJIOBeKa, npoTeKaeT 0.llHOBpeMeHHO c .llPYfMMH IICHXHtieCKMMH rrpoueccaMH (MbIIIIJieHMe, B006pa)l(eHHe, naMHTb M rrp.); MY3bIKaJibHOe nepe)l(HBaHMe B npouecce BOCnpHHTHH MY3bIKH, OTpa)l(aH ee co.uep)l(aHHe, BKJII011aeT M OC03HaHHe ee
ueHHOCTM; 6a3HpyHch Ha nepe)l(MBaHHH, MY3hIKaJibHaH oueHKa 3aBHCHT OT nOHHMamrn H OCMbICJieHHH MY3bIKaJibHOro MCKYCCTBa. KpHTePMHMH c<t>opMHPOBaHHOCTM 3CTeTH1IeCKOfO OTHOIIIeHMH, no MHeHlflO
MCCJie,llOBaTeJIH, HBJIHIOTCH: npe,llCTaBJieHHH 0 COBepIIIeHCTBe MY3blkM
c T01IKH 3peHMH npeKpacHoro; Y.llOBJieTBopeHHOCTb OT BOCIIPHHTHH

1 X o JI o 11 o B a B. H. MyJbIKa KaK BHJl 11CKYCCTBa. MyJb!KaJibHOe 11pp113se.ueH11e

KaK <I>eHOMeH. - M., 1994. - C. 9.

19

npOH3Be,n;emdf: pa3JIHqHbIX )f(aHpoB; pa3HOCTOpOHHOCTb BocnpHHTHH;

~eKBaTHOCTb nepe)f(HBaHHH; COOTBeTCTBHe ou:eHKH co.n;ep)f(aHHJO My3bIKaJibHOfO npOH3Be.n;eHHH 1

KaHOHuqecKaJI H 3BpHCTHqeCK3JI 4>YHKIUIH

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XapaKTepH3YH KaHOHHqecKYJO H 3BpHCTHqecKYJO <l>YHKD:HH HCKYCcrna, B. H. XoirnnoBa paccMaTpHBaeT HX KaK .n;HaJieKTHqecI<YJO napy
npoTHBOnOJIO)f(HOCTeit Il1:m~~ aBT2.E_B~H~ npe.n;Ha3HaqeH~_!f.q_: __ _
B I<)'.llb!}'.PHOH npeeMCTBeHHOCTH, ~-KQ'1'6po1fHeMO)f(eT
--~i_r~:~libzypi,i. .36pucmuiCii )Ke rrpoHMHeTCH B npeo6pa30BaHHH Tpa-

HOHU"IHOcmu

AHU:HH . .H:cxo.n;H H3 3TOro, eCTb OCHOBaHHH B MY3bIKaJibHO-ne.n;arorHqecKOM npou:ecce paccMaTpHBaTb TO HJIH HHOe MY3bIKaJibHOe HBJieHHe
c n03HU:HH B3aHMOCBH3H Tp~HU:HH H HOBaTopcrna c u:eJibJO C03,ll;aHHH
B C03HaHHH yqamHXCH U:eJIOCTHOH MY3bIKaJibHOH KapTHHbI MHpa.
.H:ccne.n;yH .n;aHHYJO npo6neMy no OTHOilleHHJO K npo<t>eccHOHaJibHOMY MY3bIKaJibHOMy o6pa30BaHHIO, T.
MapHynOJibCKaH o6pamaeT
BHHMaHHe Ha TO, qrn B yqe6Ho-o6pa3oBaTeJibHOH pa6oTe <t>eHOMeHbI
H HBJieHHH My3bIKaJibHo:H KYJibTYPbI 3aqacTYJO paccMaTpHBaIOTCH 1130JIHpoBaHHo, B~...!!.~C<;:"3H.~HC npOlIIJibIM H HaCTOHlll11M. B pe3yJibTaTe
<t>opMRpyeTCH IDICm:pcHq;{ (pa3,n;po6JieHHOe' KaJie~OCKOn11qecKoe)
npe.n;crnBJieH11e o M:y3bIKaJibHo:H KYJibType, qTo, B CBOIO oqepe.n;1>, HaHoc11T cepbe3HbIH: ypoH <t>opMHpoBaH1110 u:enocTHoro npo<t>ecc110JfcUI1>Horo C03HaHHH yqamerocH-MY3bIKaHTa . IlO~!QMY~

r.

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MY3bIKaJI1>Hoemm~atp11BaeTcH B npou:ecce ero 3apo)l(,.Ue-

!_J:!.-S!.2:!eo6xo.n;11Mo co6mo.n;aTb

HHH, CTaHOBJieHl1H H pa3Bl1T11H, Kor.n;a aHaJil13 H3yqaeMoro MaTep11a-

Jia- OT nepCOHaJI11H .n;o CTHJie:H H HanpaBJieHHH - Be.n;eTCH B KOHTeKCTHOM paKypce c yqeTOM COBOKynHOCTl1 KOHKpeTHbIX YCJIOBl1H, xapaKTepHbIX .n;JIH 113yqaeMoro o6neKTa, BKJIIoqag ero npe.n;1>1cTop11ro,
reHeT11qecK11e <t>aKTop1>1 11 np.2.

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QQig~MY.

..llPJ1<IBID.eJibliQ . . K.
MY3bIKaJibHOMy o6pa30B,aHl1JO. O:UHaKo 3,ll;eCb OH He MO)f(eT 6bITb pea.ri:H:3o'BaH 13 ttbJIHOH Mepe 11 no OTHOilleHHIO K Ka)f(,ll;OMY B03paCTHOMY
nepHo.n;y 11MeeT cB011 oco6eHHocTH. TaK, ~e B 3aHHT11HX c .n;eTbMH
MJI~illero llIKOJibHOfO B03pacTa BbI,ll;eJIHeTCH HCKYCCTBO npOllIJibIX BeKOB 11 11CKYCCTBO COBpeMeHHOe BO B3aHMOCBH3H.
K no.n;pocTKOBOMY B03paczy y yqamHxcH HaKaITJI11BaeTCH HeK0Top1>1H: CJiyxOBOH OnbIT o6meH11H c MY3bIKOH, OHH nonyqaIOT TaK)f(e onI Dy TH 11 K A.[. <l>opM11poBaH11e 3CTeTWieCKOfO OTHOIUeHl1.H IIO.!IPOCTKOB K MyJbIKa.JibHOMy 11CKyCCTBY BO BHeypoqHoi1: .11e.11TeJibHOCT11: Alrrope<l> . .1111C... KaH.11. IIe.11. HaYK. -

M., 1991.-C. 6-8.

2

r.

CM.: Map 11 y II 0 JI b c Ka .II T.

Ilpo6JieMa HaU110HaJibHbIX Tpa.1111u11i1: B IIpeIIo.11aBaHJ1:11 MyJbIKH (TeopeTJ1qeCKHi1: 11 Mero.1111qecK11i1: acIIeKTbr): ABrope<l> . .1111c .. .110KT. IIe.11.
HaYK. - M., 2002. -C. 26-27.

20

pe.n;eneHHbIH 6ara)f( TeopeT11qecKHX 3HaHHH 11 YMeH11H:, H Ha 3TOH ocHOBe CTaHOBHTCH B03MO)f(HbIM bCBoemi:e 11Ml1 pa3JIJ.fqHbIX MY3bIKaJibH0-11CTOp11qeCKHX CTHJie:H. Ha116onee nonHo .n;aHHbIH no.n;xo.n; np11MeHHM B CTapllIHX KJiaCcax npH 113yqeHl111 llIKOJibHHKaMH KypCOB .H:cKYCCTBO 11 MlipOBaH xy,n;o)f(ecrneHHaH KYJibTypa.

l103HaBaTeJILHO-npoceeTHTenLCK3JI 4>YH~
PacKpbIBaH no3HaBaTeJI1>Ho-npocBeTHTeJI1>HYJO (npocBeTHTeJibCKYJO)
<l>YHKU:HIO MY3bIKl1, B. H. XononoBa OTMeqaeT, qTo MY3bIKaJibHbie
npOH3Be.n;eHHH, no.n;o6HO JII060MY ~..!!.fHIO KYJibTYPbI, MOryT BOCnpHHl1MaTbCH,B :i<a.:~~~OKYMeHTOB 3IIOXH~. 0~11 MOryT 6bITb n03HaBaTeJibHbI B pa3JIHqHbIX paKYpcax HCTop11Ko-<t>aKTOJIOrH'lecKoM,
<t>HJioco<t>cKO-MHpOB033peHqecKOM, 3THK0-3MOU:110HaJibHOM 11 T .n;. 1
PeaJIH3aU:HH .n;aHHoif: <l>YHKU:H11 B My3bIKaJibHOM o6pa3oBaHHH Haxo.n;11T OTpa)f(eHHe B Tex TeopeT11qecKl1X 11 l1CTOp11qecKHX 3HaHl1HX,
K0Top1>1e ycBa11Ba10T llIKOJibHHKH Ha My3bIKaJibHbIX 3aHHTHHX. Peqb np11
3TOM 11.n;eT 0 np1106peTeHHH )f(HBOfO TBopqecKoro OnbITa o6meH11H c
MY3bIKOH, B pe3yJibTaTe KOTOporo po)l(,.UaIOTCH 3HaHHH, o6orameHHble
co6cTBeHHbIMH qYBCTBaMH, nepe)f(HTbIMH B npou:ecce MY3bIKaJibHOTBopqecKo:H .n;eHTeJibHOCTH pe6eHKa KaK KOMn0311TOpa, HCnOJIHl1TeJIH 11 CJiyillaTeJIH.
.

06m;eCTBeHHO-npeo6pa3yiom;3JI 4>YH~
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.n;pyme ero <l>YHKD:Hl1. ,lJ;aHHoe yrnep)l(,.UeH11e npaBoMepHo H no OTHOilleHHIO K MY3bIKaJibHOMY o6pa30BaHHIO. 0.n;HaKO eCTb OCHOBaHHH roBOpHTb He TOJibKO 0 ero 06mecrneHHo-npeo6pa3yromeif: <l>YHKU:1111, HO
11 <l>YHKU:H11 JIHqHOCTHO-npeo6pa3y10meif:.

JlnqHOCTHO-npeo6pa3yiom;as1 4>YHKIUl.H
B1>1.n;eneH11e .n;aHHoif: <l>YHKU:1111 o6ycnoBJieHo TeM, qTo B nocne.n;HHe
.n;ecHTHJieT11H B MY3bIKaJibHOM o6pa30BaH1111 Bee 6onee yrnep:>K,lJ;aeTCH
JIHqHOCTHO op11eHTl1POBaHHbIH no.n;xo.n;, qTo .n;aeT B03MO)f(HOCTb peaJil13aU:HH B co.n;ep)J<:aHHl1 11 npou:ecce MY3bIKaJibHbIX 3aHHTHH KaK o6mecTBeHHO-npeo6pa3yIOmeif:, TaK 11 n11qHoCTHo-npeo6pa3yIOmeif:
<l>YHKU:HH B HX .n;11aJieKT11qecKOM e.n;11HCTBe.
Ilpeo6pa3yIOmee B03,n;eif:crn11e MY3bIKaJibHoro HCKYCCTBa Ha n11qHOCTb yqam11xcH B03MO)f(HO B CHJIY Toro, qTo, KaK OTMe'laeT M. C. Ka;.
1
X o JI o II o Ba B. H. My3b!Ka KaK Bl1.11 11cKyccrna. My3hIKaJibHoe IIpo113se.11eH11e
KaK <l>ettoMeH. - M., 1994. - C. 12.

21

raH, OHO lll:mJJ;aet TBopqeeKHitxa+>.aKre.p BCeM,. ..6e3 HeKmoqeHHH BH;,,..,,,.

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EyJJ;yqH o.n;HHM H3 BH.ll;OB HeKYeetBa, MYJbIKa .n;aet BOJMOXHoetb

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BbipaJHTeJibHbIX epe.n;CTB H T. Jl.

2.2. MY3hIKAJihHOE HCKYCCTBO B COBPEMEHHOM

COD;HOKYJihTYPHOM OBPA30BATEJihHOM IlPOD;ECCE
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HJ rrepBbIX Meet B e<t>epe rrpe.n;rroqteHHH MOJio.n;e)l(H. 0JJ;HaKo rrpo6neMa eoetOHT B TOM, 0 KaKOH MYJbIKe IIPH 3TOM HJJ;eT peqb. OqeBH.ll;HO,
qto e Ka)l(.ll;bIM ro.n;oM IIOIIYJIHPHOCTb HHJKOIIpo6HOH, taK HaJbIBaeMOH rrorrcoBoli, MYJbIKH Bee 6onee BOJpaetaet, a MYJhrKa KJiaecHqeeKaH H Hapo.n;HaH e HX orpOMHbIM .n;yxOBHbIM IIOTeHUHaJIOM octaeTCH
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.n;oetHraeTeH BKJIIOqeHHOeTb pe6eHKa B eOUHYM, B KOTOpOM OH IIOJIHee H rny6xe oeo3Haet ee6H KaK JIHqHoetb H OlllYIIlaet eBOIO eorrpHqaeTHOCTb K o6meeTBy 1.

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KID!mbril etpeMHTC$I'YCJibIIlla'rb B Hell: to, qro BaxHO JIHqHo .llJIH Hero,
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MYJhIKaJibHbIX <t>opM, y .n;pyroro po)l(JlaeteH Kpyr o6paJHbIX aeeouHaUHH, tpetHH Hlllet H Haxo.n;Ht B o6meHHH c MYJbIKOH erroco6 caMOBbIpaxeHHH H caMorroJHaHHH. Bot rroqeMY taK BaxHO JHaHHe MYJbIKaHTOM-rre.n;aroroM MYJbIKaJibHbIX rrpe.n;rroqteHHH, HHTepeeoB, IIOtpe6HOCTeH yqamHxeH, RX OTHOIIIeHHH K MYJhrKe. ToJihKO rrpH 3TOM ycnoBHH
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xaHpOB (HaIIpHMep, MIOJHKJia), KOTOpbIMH YBJieKaeTeH rro.n;paetaIOlllee rroKoneHHe. YqHteJIIO MYJbIKH cne.n;yet 6bITb, no BOJMOXHOCTH, B
KYPCe BCeX tex HOBIIIeCTB, KOTOpbie HMeIOT Meeto B MYJbIKaJibHOH
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netell: He TOJibKO K KJiaeCJ1qeCKOil MYJbIKe, HO H K o6paJUaM TaK HaJbIBaeMOH nerKoil MYJbIKH eaMbIX paJJIJ1qHbIX xaHpoB, ecJIH .3ta MYJbIKa tanaHTJIHBa H rrpe.n;ctaBJIHet eo6o:H xy.n;oxeetBeHHyIO ueHHOeth.
CymeetByIOT paJJIHqHbie teopernqeeKHe rrpe.n;ctaBJieHHH,,.0 po .z:r H

~..k!!.Q!'..2-.. kl.9 K J.'. C C.!.!3~.-}3.... P~~-}B.J!_T_~l:Ll!e~~~ii

BbIIIIe yxe 6bmo cKaJaHo o tpa.n;HUHHX oteqecTBeHHoro MYJbIKaJibHoro o6paJOBaHHH, HCXO,ll;HlllHX HJ y6e)l(JleHHH 0

CM.: Kar a H M. C. Ponb H B3an:Mo.n;ettcrsn:e n:cKyccrs s rre.n;arorw1ecKOM rrpouecce // My3bIKa s wKone. - 1987. - N2 4. - C. 28-32.

22

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23

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MH o6meo6paJoBaTeJihHOH IIIKOJihI II IlporpaMMHO-MeTo.a;H'IecKHe MaTepHaJihI. MyJhIKa. HaqaJihHasi IIIKoJia. - M., 200 I. - C. 32.

24

::::::mJib3H He CKa3aTb JI 06 orpOMHbIX B03MO)l(HOCTHX MY3blKH OKa3bI-

HOCTH, ee BOJICBbie npOHBJICHHH.

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MaJiapeTa: Ilep. c <fip. E. Ee11Hc. - IlapH:lK, 1989. - C. 34-38.
2 TaM xe. - C. 39.

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25

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rrpouecc 3TOT MO)J{eT pa3BHBaTbCH H rrpOXO.llHTb pa3Hbie CTa,ll;HH - OT
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o6oraTHTb crreKTp 3MOUHOHaJibHbIX COCTOHHHH pe6eHKa, HO H IIOMOqb
eMy OC03HaTb co6cTBeHHbie rrepe)J{HBaHHH H TaKHM o6pa30M B orrpe.z:r;eJieHHOH Mepe rrpeIIHTCTBOBaTb rrpoueccy HeBpOTH3aUHH.
lfocJie.z:r;ysi: IIPHPO.llY MY3bIKaJibHOH IICHXOTeparrHH H o6o6masi: .z:r;aHHbie pa3HbIX IIIKOJI H HarrpaBJieHHH, B. H. IleTPYIIIHH Bbl,!l;eJIHeT cJie.llYJOIUHe B 0 3 M 0 )I{ H 0 c TH
TeparreBTHqecKHx ueJisi:x:

II p H M e H e H H H

My 3 bl K H

B IICHXO-

3CTeTH3aUHH H rapMOHH3aUHH 60JibHHqHoif cpe)lbI;

co.n;eifcTBHe pa3BHTHIO KOMMYHHKaTHBHbIX aKToB;
pa3BHTHe TBopqecKoro B006pa)J{eHHH H <PaHTa3HH;
peJiaKCaUHH IICHXOJIOrHqecKoro TOHyca;

paCIIIHpeHHe H pa3BHTHe 3MOUHOHaJibHOH c<PepbI;

pa3BHTHe qYBCTBa KOJIJieKTHBH3Ma;
pa3BHTHe 3CTeTHqecKHx IIOTpe6HOCTeif 1
KaK BH.D:HM, Bee o6o3HaqeHHbie HarrpaBJieHHH (H )la)J{e rrepBoe H3
HHX, eCJIH IIOHHMaTb ero KaK 3CTeTH3aUHH H rapMOHH3aUHH IIIKOJibHOH cpe)lbl) MOryT BHe.z:r;pHTbCH B rrpouecc MY3bIKaJibHOro o6pa30BaHHH, OKa3bIBaH '6JiarOTBOpHoe BJIHHHHe Ha pa3BHTHe JIHqHOCTH pe6eHKa, Ha YCTaHOBJieHHe KOMcPOPTHOro. IICHXOJIOrHqecKoro KJIHMaTa
J:lil!fY3bIKaJibHbIX 3aHHTHHX.

1
/

B rrocJie.z:r;HHe

ro.z:r;bl aKTHBHO pa3pa6aTbIBaIOTCH H BHe,n:pHIOTCH B

rrpaKTHKY. pa3JIHqHbre BH.D:bI MY3bIKaJibHO opHeHTHpoBaHHOH aprrepaIIHH. IlpH 3TOM MY3bIKa IIPHMeHHeTCH B Jieqe6HbIX HJIH KOppeKUHOH- .
HbIX ueJisi:x. HMeeTcsi: B BH.D:y:
a) IICHXOCOMaTHqecKoe B03)leHCTBHe MY3bIKH, B rrpouecce KOTOporo ocyiuecTBJIHeTCH Jieqe6Hoe B03)leHCTBHe Ha cPYHKUHH opraHH3Ma;
6) IICHXOTeparreBTHqecKoe B03)leHCTBHe MY3bIKH, B rrpouecce KOToporo ocyiueCTBJIHeTCH KoppeKUHH OTKJIOHeHHH B JIHqHOCTHOM pa3BHTHH, IICHX03MOUHOHaJibHOM COCTOHHHH.

\ ..._..
1

CM.: n e T p y Ill H H B.11. My3b!KaJibHaH IICHXOTeparrm1: Teopm:I H rrpaKTHKa:

Yqe6. rroco6He. - M., 2000. - C. 16.

26

Cero,n:HH MY3bIKa IIIHpOKO rrpHMemi:eTcsi: .z:r;JIH JieqeHHH rrauHeHTOB

c rrpo6JieMaMH 3MOUHOHaJibHOro pa3BHTHH: c HeBp03aMH, c aY!H3MOM (yxO)l OT peaJibHOCTH B MHp C06CTBeHHbIX nepe)J{HBaHHtt),
d)py~

CTpauHeif (Hey.z:r;oBJieTBopeHHOCTb 6a30BbIX IIOTpe6HOCTeH B JII06BH,

npHHTHH, .D:YIIIeBHOM TeIIJie) H .z:r;p. Be,n:yiuHM MeTo,n:oM MY3bIKaJibHoi1
TepanHH CTaHOBHTCH KaTapcHqecKaH pa3pH,n:Ka. IlpH 3TOM CYIUHOCTb
TeparreBTHqecKOH cPYHKUHH MY3bIKH COCTOHT He B BOCIIOJIHeHHH He)lOCTaIOIUHX 3MOUHH, a B H36aBJiemm qeJIOBeKa OT yrHeTaIOIUHX ero
tJYBCTB. B KaTapcmecKoM rrepe)KHBaHHH, BbI3BaHHOM crreuHaJibHO rro.n:o6paHHoi1 MY3bIKo:H:, CHJibHOe a<P<PeKTHBHoe rrepe)J{HBaHHe ycHJIHBaeTCH H )lOBO)lHTCH )lO CBOHX KpaHHHX <PopM, IIOCJie qero HaciyrraeT
ycrroKoeHHe.
AprreparreBTHqecKoe B03,n:e:H:cTBHe MY3bIKa crroco6Ha oKa3bIBaTb
,lla)J{e Ha )leJIHHKBeHTHbIX )leTe:H: (,n:eTeti: co 3HaqHTeJibHbIMH OTKJIOHeHHHMH B IIOBe,lleHHH, B TOM qJlcJie npaBOHapyIIIeHHHMH).
K HcrroJib30BaHHIO aprreparreBTHqecKHx B03MO)J{HOCTe:H: MY3bIKH Ha
3aHHTHHX c ,lleTbMH B IIOCJie,llHHe fO)lbI 06pama10TCH H HeKOTOpbie czy,lleHTbI 6Y.llYIUHe yqHTeJIH MY3bIKH. Ilo.ll pyKOBO)lCTBOM OIIbITHbIX
rre,llaroroB B cBoe:H: rrpaKTHqecKo:H: pa6oTe OHH ueJieHanpaBJieHHO H3Yqa10T TaKoro po,lla B03MO)J{HOCTH B03,lle:H:cTBHH MY3bIKH Ha yqamHxcsi:,
HMeIOIUHX pe3KO Bblpa)J{eHHbie IICHXHqecKHe OTKJIOHeHHH B pa3BHTHH.
TaK, BhICOKYJO pe3yJihTaTHBHOCTh aprrepaneBTHqecKoro B03,u:eilcTBHH My3hIKH Ha aymU'IHblX )leTeH IIOKa3aJia B CBOeH npaKTHqecKOH pa6oTe czy,u:eHTKa
MocKOBCKoro rre,u:aromqecKoro rocy,u:apcTBeHHoro YHHBepcMTeTa (MilfY)
H. <l>e,u:oToBa.
KaK H3BeCTHO, TaKHX )leTeH OTJIHqaroT: 3aMe)lJieHHOe IICHXHqecKoe pa3BHTHe; paccTpOHCTBO peqeBoro anrraparn; OTCYTCTBHe 3MOUHOHaJibHOH peaKUHH Ha HBJieHHH OKp)')Karomero MHpa; TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIH ,u:eq>HUHT o6meHHH,
KOf)la pe6eHOK IIOCTOHHHO 3aMbIKaeTCH B ce6e, He pearHpyeT Ha HeKOTOpbre
BHeIIIHHe pa3,U:pruKHTeJIH, He rrpoJIBJIHeT HH MaJieilIIIero )l(eJiaHHH o6maTbCJI
C OKp)')KaIOIUHMH.
11crrOJib30BaHHe MY3bIKH Ha 3aHJITHHX c )leTbMH-aYTHCTaMH, KaK CBH)leTeJibCTByeT rrpoBe)leHHaH pa6oTa, BeCbMa 3<l><l>eKTHBHO. IlpHqHH TOMY HeCKOJibKO. Bo-rrepBbIX, MY3hIKa aBep6aJibHa H o6meHHe c Heil B03MO)l(HO 6e3
corrpHKOCHOBeHHH pe6eHKa c 6oJie3HeHHOH )lJIH Hero 06JiaCTbIO - pe%IO.
Bo-BTOpbrx, Ha rrepBbIX 3Tanax KOppeKUHOHHOH pa6oTbI MY3bIKa MO)l(eT cJiy)l(HTb rrpocTo <t>oHoM MJI Tex HJIH HHbIX rrpHBbrqHbIX 3aHHTHH ,u:eTeil. B-TpeTbHx, CBOeH MHOfOJIHKOCTbIO MY3bIKa MO)l(eT 3aHHTepecoBaTb pe6eHKa, rrpo-'
6y,u:HTb ero qyBCTBa H 3MOUHH. B-qeTBepThIX, MY3hIKaJibHhIH JI3bIK 6JIH30K K
qeJIOBeqecKOMY H3bIKY (B HeM 3aJIO)l(eHbI 'IYBCTBa H rrepe)l(HBaHHH) H B TO )Ke
BpeMJI HMeeT CBOH HeIIOBTOPHMbie qepTbI. ECJIH rrpHyqHTb pe6eHKa K CJiymaHHIO (H CJibIIIIaHHIO!) MY3bIKaJibH:OH peqH, MO)l(HO IIpH6JIH3HTb ero K CJiymaHHIO (H CJibIIIIaHHIO!) peqH qeJIOBeqecKOH. A )lJIH 3TOfO Ba)l(HO IIOKa3aTb ee
MeJIO)lH'IHOCTb, IIJiaBHOCTb, BOJIH006pa3HOCTb, MHfKOCTb, HaCbIIUeHHOCTb
3MOUMJIMH, TOHqailIIIHMH HIOaHCaMH, TO eCTb C)leJiaTb IIOXO)l(eH Ha MY3bIKaJibHYIO pe% H TaKHM o6pa30M IIOB]lHHTb Ha 6onee CIIOKOHHOe ee BOCIIPHJITHe co cTopoHbI aYTHqHoro pe6eHKa. B-rrHThrx, MY3bIKa crroco6Ha B03,u:ell-

27

CTBOBaTb Ha pe6eHI<a H B IlCHXOcpH3HOJIOrHqecKOM OTHOllleHHH: cpaKTHqecKH

y Ka)l(,lloro pe6eH1<a-aYTHCTa Ha6mo.n:aeTCH IlOTpe6HOCTb K MOHOTOHHbIM L(BH)l(eHHHM PYKaMH H aoraMH; H eCJIH OH qyBcrnyeT MY3bIKy H ynaBJIHBaeT PHTM
(a 3TO, no Ha6mo.n:ettHHM CTyL(eHTKH, BCTpeqaeTCH L(OBOJibHO qacTO), ero L(BH)l(eHHH no.n: MY3bII<y nocTeneHHo HaqHHaIOT no.n:qHHHTbCH ee PHTMy.

B u.enoM npoBe.n:eHHaH pa6oTa noKa3ana, qTo HMeHHO MY3bIKa cnoco6Ha

CTaTb rJiaBHhlM ct>aI<TopoM pacKpbITHH H pa3BHTHH 3MOI.l,HOHaJibHOro MHpa
aYTHqHoro pe6eH1<a. IlYTeM ayL(HaJibHoro ceHcopHoro KaHana MY3hlKa cnoco6Ha o6oraTHTb MaJ:IeHbKOro aYTHCTa HOBblMH HPKHMH 3MOI.l,HHMH. A ITpo6y)l(,lleHHe npHpOLJ:I:ihIX cnoco6HOCTeH K MY3bIKe cnoco6Ho CTaTb L(JIH Hero
CTHMyJIOM K L(aJibHeii:llleMy pacKpbITHIO co6cTBeHHOro BHYTPeHHero MHpa H
HCCJieL(OBaHHIO MHpa OKpy)l(aIOI.I.1,ero. IlpH 3TOM npHMeqaTeJibHO TO, qTo MHOrHe H3 TaKHX L(eTeit o6na.n:aIOT XOPOllIO pa3BHTblM MY3blKaJibHhlM CJiyxOM,
qyBCTBOM PHTMa, JierKo pacno3HaIOT MY3bIKMbHbie TeM6pbI H perHcTpbr,
3ailOMHHaIOT CJIO)l(Hhle MY3hlKaJibHble cppa3bl, TOHKO qYBcTByIOT HacTpoeHHe
H xapaKTep MY3bIKH.

i'i

BOUPOCbl H 3A,l(AHHH

"'

flo.zwo.wr HeKoTophle HTorn cKaJaHHoMy, rro.n;qepKHeM: .n;;rn Toro

qTo6hl MYJI>IKa Morna OKa31>1BaT1> cBoe 06Jiaropa)larna10ruee BJIHHHHe
Ha yqaruHXCH, Ha.D:o HayqHTb HX JII06HTb H IIOHHMaTb ee, ccpopMHpoBaTb rroTpe6HocT1> B o6rueHHH c Heit A MH 3Toro Heo6xo.n;HMo co6mo.n;ar1> cne.n;YIOrune n e .n; ar o r H q e c K H e y c JI o B H H:
rrpe.n;OCTaBHTb .n;ernM B03MOXHOCTb KaK MO)l(HO 60JibIIIe o6ruarbCH c MY3blKOtt Ha yPoKax, BO BHeKJiaCCHOtt H BHeIIIKOJibHOtt .n;eHTeJibHOCTH (He IIO,ll;MeHsrH HenocpeocmBeHHOZQ 06U{eHUJl c Hett yqamHXCH
MHOrOCJIOBHhlMH PaccKa3aMH, KaK 3TO Hepe.n;Ko BCTpeqaeTCH B rre.n;arornqecKott rrpaKTHKe);
BCeMepHO CTHMyJIMpoBaTb pa3BHTHe 3MOU,UOHOJlbHOU om_3bl8'1U80cmu yqarunxcH Ha MYJhlKy;
yqHTb HX IIOHHMaTb UHmOHOU,UOHHYIO npupooy MY3blKaJibHOro HCKyCCTBa If HaxO,ll;HTb B MY3bIKe ee coiJepJK:ameAbHbtU CMblC/l;
rrocJie.n;oBareJIJ,Ho H ueneHarrpaBJieHHo pacwup.nmb MY3blKOJlbHoC/lyxoBou </Jona JHaKoMott yqamHMCH Hapo.n;Hott H KJiaccnqecKott MY3bIKH, BKJIIOqM B Hero MY3b1Ky pa3JIHqHbIX TBopqecmx HanpaBJieHHtt, CTHJiett, IIIKOJI;
.
3HaKOMHTb IIIKOJibHHKOB c AY'IUIUMU o6pa3U,OMU C08pe.MeHHOU nonMY3blKU pa3JIJfqHhlX HarrpaBJieHHtt, C03,ll;aBM TaKHM o6pa30M HMMYHHTeT IIpOTHB IIOIIIJiocrH
E. Ka6aJieBCKHtt);

(,n.

crroco6cTBoBaTJ;, OCBOeHHIO yqamHMHCH 3HOHUU 0 MY3b1Ke H rrpHo6pereHHIO YMemrii: onepupoBamb UMU B TOM HJIH HHOM BH,n;e My3blKaJibHOtt .n;eHTeJibHOcTn;
HaKaIIJIHBaTb xy.n;oxecTBeHHO-TBopqecKHtt orr1>1r o6memrn yqa1.UHXCH c My3bIKott B P03.llU'IHbtX Buoax MY3btKOJlbHou oe.nme.nbHocmu, He
orpaHHqHBaHCb KaKHM-JIH60 O.ll;HHM H3 HHX;
co3.n;ar1> ycJIOBMsr MH roro, qT061>1 Ha My31>IKM1>H1>1x JaHHTHHX
Kax.n;1>1tt pe6eHOK CMor rroqyacrBoBaTb paoocmb mBop'tecmBa H yaepeHHOCTb B TOM, qTo OH crroco6eH IIOCTJfqb CMbICJI MY3blKH, BCryIIHTb
c Heft B .n;HMor;

28

IIOCTPOHTb My3bIKMbHYJO pa6ory raKHM o6pa30M, qro6bl IIOMOtJb

.n;eTHM BKJIIOqlfTb My3b1Ky B CBOIO IIOBCe,D;HeBHYJO )l(Jf3Hb, c.n;eJiaTb 06meHHe c Hett /l.U'IHOCmHO 3HO'IUMblM MH HHX.

7';

1. PacKpoH:Te oco6eHHOCTH KOMMYHHKaTHBHOH <PYHKU.HH MYJbIKH ITPHMeHHTeJibHO K MY3bIKMbHO-ITe.n:aromqecKoMy ITpou,eccy.

2. B qeM ITPOHBJIHeTCH CBH3b MY3blKH c .n:eH:cTBHTeJibHOCTbIO H B qeM Bbl
BHL(HTe B03MO)l(HOCTb peaJIH3aU,HH 3TOH CBH3H Ha MY3blKaJibHblX 3aHHTHHX?
3. OxapaKTepH3YHTe 3THqecKyIO cpyHKUHIO MY3blKMLHoro HCKyCCTBa H
ITOITblTaHTeCb HaHTH ee Bblpa)l(eHHe B My3blKaJibHOM o6pa30BaHHH.
4. Mo)l(eT JIM, ITO sallleMy MHeHHIO, MY3h1Ka BblllPHMJIHTb LJ:YllIY (Bb1pa)l(eHHe B.A. CyxoMJIHHCKoro) HJIH, Hao6opoT, pa3pylliaTb ee? 06ocHyH:re
CBOIO Il03HU,HIO.
5. B qeM, Ha Balli B3rJIHL(, npoHBJIHeTCH 3CTeTHqecKaH HaITpaBJieHHOCTb
MY3hlKaJibHOro HCKyCCTBa H 3CTeTHqecKaH HaITpaBJieHHOCTb MY3hlKaJibHOro
o6pa3oBaHHH?
6. KpaTKO oxapaKTepH3yHTe cyl.I.l,HOCTb KaHoHHqecKoH: H 3BPHCTHqecKoH:
<PYHKU.HH (npo6JieMbl TPaL(HU,HH H HOBaTopcTBa) B MY3hlKaJibHOM HCKyCCTBe .
IlpHBeL(HTe B03MO)l(Hble KOHKpeTHble ITpHMepbl pacKpblTHH 3TOH CBH3H Ha
ypoKax MY3blKH.
7. qTO o6mero Bbl BHL(HTe B IT03HaBaTeJibHO-ITPOCBeTHTeJibCKOH cpyHKU,HH
MY3hlKaJibHOro HCKyccrna H MY3blKMbHoro o6pa3oBaHmI?
8. B qeM ITpOHBJIHeTCH HHTerpHpyromaH o6mecTBeHHo-ITpeo6pa3yrol.I.l,aH
cpyHKU.HH MY3blKaJibHoro HCKyCCTBa Ha MY3blKaJibHblX 3aHHTHHx?
9. B qeM, Ha Balli B3rJIHLI:, MO)l(eT ITpoHBJIHTbCH JIHqHOCTHO-ITpeo6pa3y101.I.1,aH <PYHKU.HH MY3hlKH Ha MY3blKMbHblX 3aHHTHHX?
10. KaKHe MY3b1KaJibHb1e o6pa3U.bI, cnoco6Hb1e oKa3aTb ITCHxonorHqecKoe
B03L(eHCTBHe Ha L(eTeH:, Bbl MOfJIH 6bl nopeKOMeHL(OBaTb L(JIH MY3blKaJibHhlX
3aHHTHH:? OxapaKTepH3YHTe TY rpaHb ITCHxonomqecKoro BOJ.n:eH:cTBHH, KOTopyro Bbl HMeeTe B BHL(y.
11. PacKpoH:Te pa3JIHqHb1e ToqKH 3peliHH Ha B03MO)l(HOCTH MY3hlKMbHoro
HCKyCCTBa B HpaBcTBeHHOM BOCITHTaHHH yqal.I.l,HXCH.
12. KaKHMH B03MO)l(HOCTHMH o6na.n:aeT My3blKaJibHoe HCKyCCTBO B ITJiaHe
xy.n:o)l(ecrneHHoro o6pa3oBaHHH yqamHxcH?
13. OxapaKTepH3yHre B03MO)l(HOCTH ITCHXOTepaITeBTHqecKoro so3.n:eH:cTBHH
MY3bIKH Ha qeJioBeKa.
14. qTO, ITO BallieMy MHeHHIO, MO)l(eT BblCTyrraTb HMMYffHTeTOM IIPOTHB
IlOllIJIOCTH B npou,ecce cpopMHPOBaHHH 3MOU,HOHaJibHO-U,eHHOCTHOrO OTHOllieHHH yqal.I.l,HXCH K My3b1Ke?
15. OxapaKTepH3yHTe HaITpaBJieHHOCTb MY3blKaJibHhlX rrpe.n:IToqTeHHH coBpeMeHHoro BbIIIYCKHHl<a lliKOJibl.
16 .. 03HaKOMbTeCb C BbICKa3bIBaHHeM f. <f>. fereJIH 0 xapaKTepe COL(ep)l(aHHH B MY3b1Ke H IIOIIblTaHTeCb pacKpblTb, KaKHMH OITpe.n:eJieHHHMH CBOeo6pa3HOH ccpepbl MY3blKaJibHOro BhlproI<eHHH MO)l(HO 3aMeHHTb, Ha Balli B3rJIHL(,
CJIOBOCoqeTaHHH H T.L(., HT.II.:

.. MyJ1>1Ka .n;aer rrpocrop MH BbipIDKeHHH Bcex oco6euuhIX qyacrn,

H Bee OTTeHKH pa,n;OCTH, BeCeJibH, IIIYTKH, KarrpH3a, BOCTOpra H JIH-

29

KOBamrn: .uynrn:, Bee rpa.uawrn: cTpaxa, no.uaBJieHHOCTH, neqanH, xaJI06b1, ropH, CKOp6H, TOCKH H T.,ll. H, HaKOHeu, 6JiaroroBeHHH,
npeKJioHeHHH, mo6BH HT.II. CTaHOBHTCH CBOeo6pa3HOH c<l>epoli MY3blKaJibHoro Bb1paxeH1rn.

(fer e JI b r. <l>. Xapa:icrep co,nep)l(aHIDI B M)'3bIKe 11

fereJib r.<l>. 3cTeTHKa. - M., 1971. -T. 3. -

c. 289.)

17. IlpoKOMMeHTHpyil:Te cJie,nyIOlilYIO no3HU:HIO B. B. Me,nyweBcKoro no

OTHOllieHHIO K npo6JieMe npHo6meHH.sI ,neTeil: K BbICweil: ,nyxoBHOil: KpacoTe
MY3blKH:

inpHpO,llbl MY3bIKH H JIHqHo:i:t cnoco6HOCTH BOCilpHHHMaTb ee, HO H

J'.'oTHoIIIeHHe yqHTeJIH K MYJbIKe KaK K maBHOMY cpe,n;cTBy B03,n;ei1cTBHH
.: Ha yqamerocH, ero My 3 bl Ko u e HT p H q e c Ka H B o c n HT a Te JI b HaH Il03HUHH.
. CaMo no ce6e MY3I>IKaJibHoe HCKYCCTBO BeCI>Ma Heo,n;Hopo,n;Ho 11
' WHPOKO HCilOJib3yeTCH B oqeHb pa3HbIX <l>YHKUHHX - OT BOIIJIOI.UeHHH
BbICOKHX tJ:YBCTB H my6oKHX H,UeH .uo o6cnyxHBaHHH 6e3.uyMHOfO KaH1{4>a H rrpoB0Kau1m tIHCTO <l>H3HOJIOrHtJ:ecKoro B036yx,n;eHHH. MyJhIKa
wHOCTOHHHO BbICTYfiaeT H KaK Bblpa3HTeJib IIOJIHTHqecKHX ycTaHOBOK

f, (MapceJibe3a' MHTepHaUHOHaJI)' peJIHrH03HbIX y6e)l(,lleHHH (Mecca,

~"1'JHTyprHH), OHa MOXeT H,UTH Ha IIOBO.llY ay,n;11Top1m c caMbIMH HI-13-

fJiaBHoe 3,n;ecb - H3'bHCHeHHe MY3bIKH B .uyxoBHbIX KaTeropHHX.

3TO CJIOBa Kyprn. Kor.ua 3HaMeHHTbIH MY3bIKOBe.u rrpmneJI B o6meo6pa3oBaTeJibHYJO IIIKOJIY H IIIKOJibHblH xop (BMeCTe c PO.llHTeJIHMH) H
opKeCTp HaqaJIH HCIIOJIHHTb KaHTaTbl Baxa H IlIIOTUa, Kor.ua BOCTOpr
06'bHJI yqaI.UHXCH, TaK qTQ qYTb He rrpeBpaTHJICH JIHUeli B KOHcepBaTOPHIO, - TO caM KypT O.UHY H3 rrpHtIHH 3HTY3Ha3Ma ycMaTpHBaJI B
H3'bHCHeHHH MY3bIKH B .uyxoBHbIX KaTeropHHX.

/MeHHblMH BKYCaMH, - a COBpeMeHHbie TeXHHtieCKHe cpe,n;cTBa .uena.fiJOT BCIO ee JierKO ,llOCTYfIHOH. M OTCIO,lla eme O,llHH KpHTepHH oueHKH
iJ MHpOB033peHHH yqnTeJIH MY3bIKH - CTerreHb ero zpaJICaaHCKOU om~. BemcmBennocmu npH oT6ope perrepTYapa .llJIH JaHHTHH, npH opHeHTar,,:UHH CBOHX yqaI.UHXCH Ha IlO,llJIHHHbie xy.uoxecTBeHHbie ueHHOCTH,
';(: KOTOpbie .neitCTBHTeJibHO MOryT cnoco6cTBOBaTb <l>opMHpOBaHHIO B
qeJIOBeKe HCTHHHO qeJioBe'leCKHX KaqecTB.

(Me .n y we B c K H i1: B. B. My3hIKaJihHoe o6paJoBaHHe - .nopora K xpaMy ,nywH? 11 B3aHMOCB.sI3h MeTO.ll.OJIOrHqecKoil: H MeTO,D;HqecKOil: IlO,ll;fOTOBKH
yqHTeJI.sI MY3hIKH. MaTepHaJihI II Me)l(,ll;yttapo,nttoi1:
ttayqtto-npaKTHqecKoi1: KOtt<l>epeHU:HH I OTB. pe,n.
3.E.A6,nyJIJIHH, E.B.HHKOJiaeBa. - M., 1994. -

(Po ii: Tep w Te i1: H M.11. 0 ,nByx KPHTepH.sIX ou:ettKH MHPOB033peHH.sI ne.narora-My3hIKaHTa /I MHpoB033pettHe yqHTeJI.sI MY3bIKH: B3fJI.sI,ll; B HaCTO.sImee H 6y,nymee. MaTepHaJihI IV Me)l(,ll;yttapo,ntto:il:
ttayqtto-npaKTHqecKOH Kott<l>epeHU:HH I OTB. pe.n.
3. E.A6,nyJIJIHH, E. M. UeJIKOBHHKOB. - M.,

c. 94.)

1998. -

18. OxapaKTepH3yi1:Te cymttoCTh B033peHH.sI M.11. Poil:TepwTe:il:tta Ha pOJih

MY3bIKH B CTaHOBJieHHH MHPOB033peHH.sI JIHqHOCTH:
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30

c. 20-21.)

PEKOMEH,lJ;YEMAH JIHTEPATYPA
OCHOBHMI
AJI He B IQ. E. HacTOJihHa.sI KHHra wKoJii.ttoro yqHTeJI.s1-My3hIKaHTa. - M.,

2000.
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BceJieHHO:il: (HHTepBbIO) II My3hIKa B llIKOJie. - 2002. - N2 4.
K pa c H JI h H HK o B M. M. CoBpeMeHHbie Tett,neHU:HH H npoTHBopeqH.s1
pa3BHTH.sI MY3hIKaJihHOH KYJihTYPhI H o6pa3oBaHH.sI. // My3hIKa B wKoJie. 2000. - N2 1.
KpacHJihHHKOB 11.M., KpIOKOB M.A. My3hIKaJibttoe HCKyccTBO H
ne.naromKa JaBTpa // My3hIKa B llIKOJie. - 2000. - N2 3.
Me .n y we B c K H il: B. B. )J;yxoBHO-HpaBCTBettttoe BocnHTaHHe cpe.ncTBaMH MY3bIKH // Ilpeno,naBaTeJib (CneU:BbIITYCK My3hIKaHT-ne.naror). - 2001. N2 6.
My3hlKaJibHOe o6pa30BaHHe B WKOJie: Yqe6. noco6He I no.n pe,n. n. B. IIIKOJI.sip. - M., 2001.
.
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(CneU:BhmycK My3hIKaHT-ne.naro~). - 2001. - N2 6.

31

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36

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11

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40

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42

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43

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Ilo.n: KpeaTHBHOCTbIO pe6eHKa nOHHMaIOT ero TBopqecKHe B03MO)l(HOCTH, n p e .l( yr 0 T 0 B JI e H H 0 c Tb " C03uaaHUIO H08020 8 npou,ecce
MY3blKallbHOU aeJlmeJlbHOcmu, qTo npH.n;aeT eii: TBopqecKYJO HanpaBJieHHOCTb.

npouecce TaKOM .n:esITeJibHOCTH po)l(,ll;aIOTCH o6pa3Ubl .n;eTCKOfO

TBopqecrna. OHM MOryT HOCHTb KaK cyfi'beKTHBHO-TBOpqecKHii: (mm
yqefiHO-TBOpqecKHM - HOBOe .n:mi: ce6SI ), TaK H ofi'beKTHBHO-TBOpqecKHM xapaKTep ( HOBOe CaMo no ce6e ), qTQ CBOMCTBeHHO Hatt6oJiee o.n;apeHHbIM .n;eTSIM.

o6ru;eM MYJbIKaJibHOM o6paJoBaHHH, KaK no,n;qepKHBaeT

CYTb .n;eJia BoBce He B TOM, qTOfibl coqHHHTb opttrH-

B. B. Acacl>beB,

HaJibHYJO M)'JbIKY H BbIMCKHBaTb BYH.n:epKHH.l(OB-KOMn03HTOpOB, a B

TOM, qTofibI BbIJbIBaTb H BocnHTbIBaTb MYJbIKaJibHo-rnopqecKHM HHCTHHKT 1. TaKoii: HHCTHHKT, KaK JaMeqaeT HCcJie.n;oBaTeJib, nposi:BJIHeTcsi: y .n;eTeii: BCer.n:a B HenpeMeHHOM CTpeMJieHHH MeHbllle COJepuaTb HJIH MexaHHqecKH BhlnOJIHSITb npe,llHaqepTaHHOe, HO OXOTHee
caMHM yqaCTBOBaTb H BHOCHTb CBOe 2.
TBopqecKoe HaqaJio Ha MYJbIKaJibHbIX 3aHHTHHX, no MHeH~IO
HeofiXO.l(HMO, TaK KaK TOT, KTO XOTb He1\1HOfO ornyTHJI B KaKOii:-JIH6o cct>epe HCKYCCTBa pa.n;oCTb TBopqecrna, 6y)leT B coCTOHHHH BOCnpMHHMaTb H ueHHTb Bee xopolllee, qTo .n;eJiaeTCH B 3TOM
cct>epe, H c 60Jib1IIeii: HHTeHCHBHOCTbIO, qeM TOT, KTO TOJibKO naCCHBHO BocnpHHHMaeT. My3bIKaJibHoe TBopqecrno He nposi:BJIHeTcsi: TOJibKO
B coqHHeHHH "CJIO:>KHbIX MYJbIK"' OHO ropaJ.l(O MHOroo6paJHee H paJ.
3
BeTBJieHHee ...

D. B.Acaci>beBa,

IlpHHHMaSI .n;aHHYJO n03HUHIO, Heo6XO.l(HMO OTMeTHTb, qTo TBOpqecKoe Haqano MO)l(eT npoSIBJIHTbCH 80 ecex euaax MY3blKallbHOU aeJlmeJlbHOcmu. TeM caMbIM OHO npH.n;aeT YPOKY MYJbIKH HpKo Bhlpa)l(eHHbIM TBOpqecKHM xapaKTep, qTo OTBeqaeT OCHOBHOM HanpaBJieHHOCTH
ypoKa MYJbIKH KaK ypoKa UCKyccm8a. 3aHJITWI MY3blKOH 6e3 npOJIBJie-

HHH TBopqecKoro na'laJia npOTHBope'laT caMoii npepo,ZJ,e MY3bIKaJILuoro

HCKYCCTBa, noCKOJibKY TBopqecTBo peaJIH3yeTCH B rrpouecce H B pe-

\1

JYJibTaTe .n;eHTeJibHOCTH H CJIY1IIaTeJIH, H HCnOJIHHTeJISI, H KOMITOJHTOpa. TBopqecKtte rrpoHBJieHHH HBJIHIOTCH ecTecrneHHoii: cl>opMoii: .n;eTCKoii: M)'JbIKaJibHOM .n;eHTeJibHOCTH.

B c JI y III a T e JI b c K 0 ii: .l( e H Te JI b H 0 c TH TBopqecKoe Haqano

IIpoHBJIHeTCH B BapttaTHBHOCTH, MHO)l(eCTBeHHOCTH BOCIIpHRrnH .n:eTbMH
1
Ac a <l> he B Ii. B. 0 MYJhIKaJibHO-TBopqecKHX HaBbIKax y .neTeil // Ii. B. Aca<l>beB.
lfa6paHHh1e cTaTbH o MYJhIKaJibHOM npocsemeHHH H o6pa3oBaHHH / Ilo.n pe,n.
E.M.OpJIOBOH. - M.; JI., 1965. 101.
2 TaM X<e. - C. 100.
3 TaM X<e. - C. 98.

c.

44

MYJbIKaJibHoro rrpottJBe.n;eHHR. TBopqecKHii: xapaKTep BocrrpHHTHH MY3bIKH o6ycJIOBJieH BCeM )l(H3HeHHbIM H M)'JbIKaJibHbIM OllbITOM pe6eHKa, ero M)'JbIKaJibHOCTbIO, CTerreHbIO paJBMTMH M)'JbIKaJibHOfO CJiyxa,
accouMaTMBHOfO MbIIIIJieHMH, Boo6pa:>KeHMH, rraMHTH M B KOHeqHOM
cqeTe Haxo.tiHT Bbipa:>KeHMe B ero JilfqHOCTHOM, CBoeo6pa3HO rrpOHBJIHIOlll;eMCH, CJIYIIIaTeJibCKOM M)'3bIKaJibHOM o6paJe-rrpe.n;cTaBJieHHM.
B ttcrroJIHMTeJibCKoii: .n;eHTeJibHOCTH TBopqecKoeHaqaJIO rrpoHBJIHeTcH npe)f{)l;e Bcero B HHTeprrpeTaUMH .n;eTbMM MYJbIKaJibHoro npOMJBe.n;eHHR, qTo npe.n;rroJiaraeT OC03HaHHbIM HJIM HH'fYHTHBHbIM Bbifiop Tex mm MHbIX HCilOJIHMTeJibCKHX cpe.n;cTB, Heo6xo.n;HMbIX
.l(JIH BOIIJIOlll;eHMH rrpe.l(CTaBJIHeMOfO HMM MYJbIKaJibHO-MCnOJIHHTeJibCKOfO o6pa3a.
B o rr bl Tax Ko Mn o 3 HT op c Ko ii: .n: e HT e JI b Hoc TH, ocymecTBJIHeMoii: Ha MY3bIKaJibHbIX JaHHTMHX, TBopqecKoe HaqaJio Haxo.n;HT CBOe BOIIJIOlll;CHMe B COJ.l(aHMH yqaru;MMHCH co6cTBeHHbIX MYJbIKaJibHbIX o6pa30B M MX rrpeTBopeHMH B HMnpOBHJaUHM mm coqHHeHMH MYJbIKaJibHbIX MMHMaTIOP. no Ja,n;aHHbIM Y'IHTeJieM rrapaMeTpaM,
a TaK:>Ke M B CB060.l(HOM Bblpa:>KeHHH.
B CBoeii: coBOKYITHOCTM pa3JIMqHbie BM.l(hI MYJbIKaJibHoii: .n:esi:TeJibHOCTM COJ.l(aIOT Heo6xo.n;MMbie ycJIOBMH .l(JIH noJIHOUeHHOfO BXO)f{,ll;eHHH pe6eHKa B MMp MCKYCCTBa, pa3BMTHH era TBopqecKoro noTeHUMaJia, npo6Y:>K,l(eHHH B HeM xy,n;O:>KHMKa, cnoco6Horo qYBCTBOBaTb H
ueHMTb nO.l(JIHHHbie 1IIe.n;eBpbI M)'3bIKaJibHOfO MCKYCCTBa H BOnJioru;aTb
CBOe BM.l(eHHe KpaCOTbl B pa3H006paJHbIX MY3bIKaJibHO-TBopqecKHX
rrpOHBJieHMHX. IlpH 3TOM noCTOHHHO npoMCXO.l(HT CBOeo6pa3HbIM .l(MaJIOf yqaru;erocH c COJ.l(aTeJieM M McnOJIHHTeJieM MYJbIKaJibHOfO npOH3Be.n;eHHH.
BoT KaK roBopHT 06 3TOM 6y.n;yru;Me yqwreJIH MY3bIKM - CTY.n;eHTbI
YpaJibcKoro rocy.n;apcTBeHHoro ne.n:arornqecKoto YHHBepcmern 11. EpMaKoBa M 0. l13IOpOBa.
06rueHHe, cornactto H.UeRM qnrnoco<t>oB, npe.ucTarurneT co6oft cnoco6
B3aHMHbIX OTHOllleHHH mo.ueft, cnoco6 B3aHMO,lleHCTBH}l 0.llHOfO '!eJIOBeKa c
.upymM. Ilo3TOMy, roBopR 06 oco6ettttocrnx o6meHHR pe6eHKa c MY3bIKOH,
MbI Bcer.ua no.upa3yMeBaeM o6mettHe pe6eHKa c .upymM qenoBeKoM. KTO )l(e
MO)l(eT 6bITb 3THM .llPYfHM? 3TO MO)l(eT 6bITb qeJIOBeK, KOTOpbIH CO'IHHHJI
MY3bIKaJibHOe IlPOH3Be,lleHHe, HJIH TOT, KTO ero HCilOJIHHJI, B03MO)l(HO, 3TO
qeJIOBeK, 'lbH 'IYBCTBa, .ueHCTBHR H MbICJIH 6bIJIH H306pa)l(eHbl HJIH Bbipa)l(eHbI KOMil03HTOpOM nocpe,llCTBOM MY3bIKaJibHOH HHTOHaUHH. TaKHM o6pa30M,
JIIO,llbMH, c KOTOpbIMH pe6eHOK BCTYnaeT B .llHaJIOf B npouecce BOCnpmtTH}l
MY3bIKaJibHOfO npOH3Be,lleHHR, RBJIRIOTC}l KOMil03HTOp, HCilOJIHHTeJib, JIHpH'!eCKHH repoft (TepMHH B. B. Me.uyllleBCKoro).
B BOKaJibHOM npOH3Be,lleHHH, HMeIOmeM onpe]leJieHHOe CTHXOTBOPHOe
OCHOBaHHe, pe6eHOK BbI]leJIHT ,llJI}l ce6R '!eJIOBeKa, 0 KOTOpOM B necHe, poMaHCe HJIH xopoBoM npoH3se.UeHHH roBopHTCR. B HHCTPYMeHTaJihHOH MY3bIKe
MJia]lllIHe llIKOJibHHKH nocpe.UCTBOM cnylllaHHR onpe.n:eneHHOH MY3bIKaJibHOH
HHTOHaUHH TaIOKe MOryT Bb!JleJIHTb Toro HJIH HHOfO repoR, 0 KOTOpOM pacCKa3bIBaeTC}l B npoH3Be]leHHH. BocnpHHHMaR 3Toro qeJioBeKa KaK peaJibHoe

45

JIHIJ;O, MJHl,ll,IIIHe IIIKOJibHHKH, B OCHOBHOM rrepBOKJiaCCHHKH, MOryT aKTHBHO

eMy correpe)l(HBaTb.
Ilocemrui: ypoKH MY3bIKH Ha npaKTHKe, rrpHXO.[(HTCH craJIKHBaTbcH c pa3Hoo6pa3HbIMH 3MOIJ;HOHaJibHbIMH peaKIJ;HHMH .u,ere:lf - HcnyroM (IIOHBJieHHe
BoJIKa B orrepe BOJIK H CeMepo K03JIHT), CMeXOM (reMa myrroro I.J,apHfopoxa BO <f>parMeHTe 6aJiera P. IUe.u,pHHa), cJie3aMH (rrpe.u,cMeprHM apHH
HBaHa CycaHHHa H3 orrepbI HBaH CycaHHH ). HaM Ka)l(eTCH, qro KpearHBHOCTb pe6eHKa IlpH BOCilPHHTHH MY3bIKH KaK pa3 H npoHBJIHeTCH B TOM,
qro6bI yBH.[(eTb HJIH, rrpaBHJibHee, ycJibIIIIaTb B MY3bIKe Koro-ro .u,pyroro.
):{JIH MJia.[(IIIHX IIIKOJibHHKOB 6bIBaer Tpy.[(HbIM BbI.[(eJIHTb TaKoro cy6'beKTa
o6meHHH, KaK HCIIOJIHHTeJib HJIH KOMil03HTOP (H Toro H .u,pyroro .u,erH pe.U,KO
BH.[(HT B MY3bIKaJibHOM rrpoH3Be.u,eHHH). A ecnn 3TO H npoHcxo.u,HT, ro MaJibIIIIH HaqHHaIOT npHilHCbIBaTb HM re rrepe)l(HBaHHH H qyBCTBa, KOTOpbie HBJIHIOTCH rrepe)l(HBaHHHMH H qyBCTBaMH JIHpHqecKoro repoH. Boo6me, oqeHb qacro MaJieHbKHe ,u,eTH npHrrHCbIBaIOT repoHM ro, qro rrepe)l(HJIH Kor.u,a-ro caMH.
KpeaTHBHOCTb KaK crroco6HoCTb Bbl.[(eJIHTb .u,pyroro H o6maTbCH c HHM y
IIO,ll,pOCTKOB HMeeT OTJIHqHTCJibHbie OT MJia,[(IIIHX llIKOJibHHKOB qepTbI. Ilo.u,poCTKH y)l(e fOTOBbI fOBOPHTb H 0 ce6e (Be.U,b HMeHHO B 3TOM B03pacTe OHH
HaqHHaIOT HHTepecoBaTbCH CBOe:li rrepcOHOii), H 0 ,u,pyroM qeJIOBeKe. Mna.u,IIIHe IIIKOJibHHKH, KaK rrpaBHJIO, 0 ce6e fOBOpHTb He yMeIOT, Il03TOMY pacCKaJaTb 0 .u,pyroM, 0 ero BHytpeHHeM MHpe .[(JIH HHX rrpe.u,craBJIHeTCH .[(eJIOM
CJIO)l(HbIM. Ilo.u,poCTKH IlOHHMaIOT, qro yCJibllliaHHbie MY3bIKaJibHbie HHTOHa1.(HH MOryT 6bITb JiffqHo KOMil03HTOpCKHMH, xapaKTepH3YIOIIJ;HMH KOMil03HTOpa KaK qeJioBeKa (HarrpHMep, repoHqecKHe HHTOHaIJ;HH JI. EeTXOBeHa), H
HHTOHaIJ;HHMH rrepcOHa)l(a, 0 KOTOPOM KOMil03HTOP H HCilOJIHHTeJib CJiyIIIaTeJIIO paccKa3bIBaIOT. Il03TOMy no,u,poCTKH, CJiyIIIaH TOT )Ke <f>parMeHT I.l,apbropox, fOBOPHT He TOJibKO 0 TOM, qro repoii IIPOH3Be.[(eHHH CMeIIIHOii, HO H
0 TOM, qro KOMil03HTOp TO)l(e, KaK H Mbl, Ha,[( 3THM repoeM CMeeTCH. A 3TH
CMeIIIHbIC HHTOHaIJ;HH KOMil03HTOpa HBJIHIOTCH ero co6CTBCHHbIMH CTHJieBbIMH HHTOHaIJ;HHMH (HarrpHMep, B 030PHbIX qacryIIIKaX ).
B crapIIIHX KJiaccax cpaBHeHHe pa3JIHqHbIX HCIIOJIHHTCJibCKHX TpaKTOBOK
,u,aeT B03MO)l(HOCTb o6meHHH yqeHHKa He TOJibKO c repoeM MY3bIKaJibHOfO
IIPOH3BC,ll,CHHH, ero KOMII03HTOPOM, HO H c HCilOJIHHTeJieM. TaKoii: .u,mu:rOr
co3.u,aTb Ha ypoKe oqeHb CJIO)l(HO. Ho Be.u,b .u,eif:cTBHTCJibHO B MYJbIKe Mhl CJibIllIHM ronoca rex, KTO fOBOPHT c HaMH Ha IIOHHTHOM .[(JIH Bcex .sI3bIKe MY3bIKaJibHOM, B OCHOBe KOTOporo JI<!)l(HT HHTOHHpyeMbIH CMbICJI.
TaKHM o6pa3oM, HaM Ka)l(eTcH, qro KpeaTHBHbie rrpoHBJICHHH B o6meHHH
IIIKOJibHHKa c MY3bIKOH rrpoHBJIHIOTCH:
...:.. B cnoco6HOCTH BbI.U,eJieHHH HM orrpe.u,eneHHOro cy6'beKTa o6meHHH,
HCXO,ll,H H3 HHTOHa.IJ;HH MY3bIKH;

- B crroco6HOCTH rrpe.u,cTaBJieHHH HM, TaK)l(e HCXOM H3 HHTOHaIJ;HOHHbIX

oco6eHHOCTeif: My3bIKH, 0 KaKHX-TO oco6eHHOCTHX JIHqHOCTH .u,pyroro qeJIOBeKa;
- B cnoco6HOCTH COIIOCTaBJIHTb TO, qro CaM rrepe)l(HJI H 3HaeIIIb, c TeM,
qro nepe)l(HJI H JHaer ,u,pyroif: qeJioBeK.
YJHaBaH B MY3bIKe .u,pyroro qenoBeKa, TBopqecKH rrpem;raBJIH.sI ero oco6eHHOCTH, IIIKOJibHHK TeM caMbIM Y3Haer MHp, B KOTOpOM OH )l(HBeT, H JIIO.u,eif:, KOTOpbie, 6bITb MO)l(eT, )l(HBYT HJIH )l(HJIH Kor,u,a-To Ha 3eMJie.

Cry.n;eHTKa MIIfY JI. f op6}'HoBa rro.n:xo.n;HT K HJyqeHHIO yqe6HoTBopqecKoH: MY3blK8JlbHOH ,n:eHTeJibHOCTH B KOHTeKCTe BbUIBJieHHH ee
B03MOlKHOCTeH B rrpeo,n:oJieHHH ,n:e3a,n:a1ITaU:HH MJlaJ:{IIIHX IIIKOJlbHMKOB

46

1 .

(,n:e3a.n;aman:HH - 3TO ycTpaHeHHe HMeIOIUHXCH y pe6eHKa Hea.n;eKBaTHbIX MexaHH3MOB IIPHCIIOC06JieHHH K IIIKOJie B <f>opMe HapyrneHHH
rroae,n:eHHH, B03HHKHOBeHHH KOH<l>JIHKTHbIX OTHOIIIeHHH, IICHxoreHHbIX Ja6oJieBaHHH H peaKI.J;HH, IIOBbIIIIeHHOro ypoBHH TpeBmKHOCTH,
HCKIDKeHHH B JIHqHoCTHOM pa3BHTHH). B pe3yJII>TaTe HJyqeHHH 3Toro
Borrpoca H rrpoBe,n:eHHOH pa60Tbl OHa IIpHIIIJia K BbIBO,n:y.
YpoK MYJhlKH MO)l(eT craTb Ba)l(HbIM <f>aKTopoM pea6HJIHTau;HH .u,ereif: c
BbrnBJieHHOH y HHX IIIKOJibHOH .u,e3a.u,arrrau;Heif:. IlpH 3TOM ee npeo,ll,OJieHHIO y
MJia.[(IIIHX IIIKOJibHHKOB crroco6cTByeT paJBHTHe TBQpqecKHX My3bIKaJibHbIX crroco6HOCTeif: B KOHTeKCTe 061.IJ;eHHH c HCKYCCTBOM 3a cqer yJiyqllleHHH 3MO.IJ;HOHaJibHOf0 <f>oHa H <f>opMHpoBaHHH IIOJIO)l(HTeJibHOH MOTHBa.IJ;HH K 3aHHTHHM, BbIIIOJIHeHHIO MY3bIKaJibHbIX TBopqecKHX 3a.[(aHHH, HanpaBJieHHbIX Ha
OC03HaHHe CBOHX B03MO)l(HOCTeif:, .[(BHraTeJihHOe pacKperromeHHe, rrpOHBJieHHe 3MO.IJ;HOHaJibHOH 3KCrrpecCHH H .u,p.

3MnaTHHHOCTh
K KaqecTBaM JIHqHocTH, HHTeHCHBHO pa3BHBaIOIUH.MCH B rrpon:ecce o6meHHH c MY3bIKOH, MO}l(eT 6b1Tb OTHeceHa H 3MIIaTHHHOCTb.
Ilo.n: 3MIIaTHHHOCTbIO IIOHHMaIOT rrpe)l(JJ:e Beer~.~~
..8eqHoCTb, c rr o c Q.P Ha c TL 11:: cone12.e:xrnaaHHIO., !...~oqYBCTBHIO, !f..
ycTaHOMe.HHIO ~ro KOHTaKTa c JIIOJ:{bMH.
~:MrraTHiiiocTb ycTafl'aB.iiiiiiae"'Tcorrp:Hiiacf'IiOc'ii'"qenoaeKa c MHpoM
H MHpa c qeJioBeKOM, 0 qeM o6pa3HO IIHCaJI K. IOHr, aKIJ;eHTHPYH
BHHMaHHe Ha TOM, qTO 3MIIaTHHHOCTb crroco6cTBYeT BKJIJOqeHHIO ce6H B MHp. H MHpa - B ce6H. IIpH 3TOM 3MIIaTHHHOCTb rrpOHBJIHeTCH B
TOM"'IHCJie B rrpouecce MY3bIK8JlbHbIX 3aHHTHH, qepe3 auO/lOZ.
,[(HaJiorn:qHocTb, no MHeHHIO M. M. BaxTHHa, HBJIHeTcH o.n;HHM H3
HaH6oJiee HpKO BblpIDKeHHblX CBOHCTB MY3bIK8JlbHOro HCKYCCTBa, MH
KOTOporo xapaKTepHbI cy6'beKT-cy6'beKTHble OTHOIIIeHHH Me)l(JJ:y rrpoH3Be.n;eHHeM H HCITOJIHHTeJieM, CJIYIIIaTeJieM. Pa3BHBaH <f>HJioco<f>cKHe
H.n;eH yqeHoro, M. C. KaraH BBOJJ:HT rroHHTHe BHYTpeHHero ,n:HaJIOra, BbICTY1Ia10mero rro6y.n;HTeJieM TBopqecrna H rrpe.n:ycMaTpHBa10mero
paBeHCTBO rrapTHepOB' rrpH KOTOpOM rrpOHCXOJ:{HT rrpOHHKHOBeHHe,
rrorp~eHHe JIHqHOCTH B MY3bIKY, IIOHHMaHHe H JIHqHOCTHaH HHTeprrpeTaUHH ero co.n;ep)l(aHHH.
I1MeHHO 3,n:ecb rrpOHCXOJ:{HT JIH6o IIPHHTHe JIHqHoCTblO co.n;ep)l(aHHH rrpOH3Be.n;eHHH, a BMecTe c HHM H coqYBCTBHe, correpe)l(HBaHHe
ero JIHpl{qeCKOMY repOIO, JIH6o ero HerrpHHTHe.
BeK IIOKa3aJI, qTQ rrpo6JieMa 3MIIaTHHHOCTH - crroco6HOCTH K
correpe)l(HBaHHIO, coqYBCTBHIO, ryMaHHOCTH - CTaJia OJ:{HOH H3 n:eHTpaJibHbIX B rre.n:arorn:Ke MY3bIKaJibHoro 06pa3oaaHHH. 3MrraTHHHOCTb
HBJIHeTCH rrpoTHBOIIOCTaBJieHHeM ONy)l(JJ:eHHOCTH, 3fOH3MY, qepCTBOCTH JJ:YIIIH - MO)l(eT 6bITb,' caMbIM pacrrpOCTpaHeHHbIM HpaBcTBeH-

xx

HbIM 6oJie3HHM Halllero BpeMeHld:,

47

XapaKTepH3YH pa3BHTHe 3MITaTHHHOCTH Ha MY3bIKaJibHbIX 3aHHTHHX, Heo6xo,!J,HMO YTOqHHTb, qTo OHO (pa3BHTHe) OKa3bIBaeTCH B 3HaqHTeJibHOH Mepe OITHpaIOIUHMCH Ha Beeb )KH3HeHHbIH OilbIT yqameroCH. 3HaqHMOCTb MY3bIKH B TOM, qTO OHa cnoco6Ha yCHJIHTb HaCTpOeHHOCTh C03HaHHH pe6eHKa Ha npHHTHe MHpa Ii ,!J,HaJIOr c HMM.
Heo6xo.l(HMO yqHTbIBaTh H To, qTQ ofo13aTeJibHbIM ycnoBHeM JlJIH
npoHBJieHHH 3MnaTHHHOCTH Ha MY3bIKaJibHbIX 3aHHTHHX HBJIHeTCH 6JIH30CTb pe6eHKY TOH HHTOHaUHOHHOH c<t>epbl, B paMKax KOTopo:H HaITHcaHO .uaHHoe npoH3Be.ueHHe. He3HaKoMaH, HenpHBblqHaH JlJIH Hero B
HHTOHaUHOHHOM OTHOIIleHHH MY3bIKa, KaK ITOKa3bIBaeT OilbIT' qame
BCero He cnoco6Ha BbI3BaTb 3MOUHOHaJlbHbIH OTKJIHK Ha ypOBHe 3MnaTHHHOCTH. ,llaJKe onpe,D;eJieHHe ee HaCTpOeHHH He BCer.ua ,lJ,OCTYfiHO
yqameMycH, ecJIH 3Ta MY3bIKa npHHaJl]Ie)KHT K npHHUHITHaJibHO HHO:H
MY3bIKaJibHOH KYJibTYpe (Hanp:ttMep, MY3bIKa Hapo.uoB BocToKa, a<t>pHKaHcKaH MY3bIKa H T.n.). TeM 6onee TaKaH MY3bIKa He MO)KeT BbI3BaTh y Hero conepe)KHBaHHH, coqYBCTBHH. BoT noqeMy TaK Ba)KHO
paCIIlHpeHHe Ii o6orameHHe HaKOITJieHHOrO pe6eHKOM HHTOHaUHOHHO-CJiyxOBOrO cPOH,lJ,a, B KOTOPbIH nocTeneHHO, c IlOMOIUbIO yqHTeJIH, MO)KeT 6bITb BKJIJOqeHa Ii He TOJibKO 6JIH3KaH eMy no HHTOHaUHOMY

cnoBapro MY3bIKa.
aKHM o6pa30M, B pa3BHTHH 3MITaTHHHOCTH Ha My3bIKaJibHbIX 3aTHHX np6HCXO,lJ,HT nepeceqeHHe ,lJ,Byx paKYPCOB: ,lJ,yxOBHO-HpaBCTBeH0 H co6cTBeHHO MY3bIKaJibHoro.

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BbmeJIHH MY3bIKaJibHOCTb, KPeaTHBHOCTb H 3MnaTH:HHOCTb KaK BaJKHeH1I1He KaqecTBa JIHqHOCTH, Heo6xo,IJ;HMbie JlJIH yqacTHH B MY3bIKaJibHOH ,!J,eHTeJibHOCTH, npHHHMaeTCH BO BHm.:{aHHe TO, qTo Ka)K,!J,Oe H3

HHX onpe,!J,eJieHHbIM o6pa30M HanpaBJIHeT cPOPMHpOBaHHe Bcero KOMITJieKCa 3a,!J,aTKOB, cnoco6HOCTe:H, IlOTpe6HOCTe:H pe6eHKa, H B nepByIO oqepe,IJ;b MY3bIKaJihHbIX.
Ilpn: 3TOM MY3bIKaJibHOCTb, KpeaTHBHOCTb H 3MnaTHHHOCTh MO)KHO
npe,ll,CTaBHTb ce6e B onpe,ll,eJieHHOH B3aHMOCBH3H H HepapxHqecKOH
cono.uqHHeHHOCTH. .H.upoM 3To:H TPHa.lJ.bI BbiczynaeT MY3btKa/lbHocmb,
KOTopaH onpe,D;eJIHeT cneuHcPHKY npoHBJieHHH KaK KpeanrnHOCTH pe6eHKa, TaK H ero 3MnaTifHHOCTH B npouecce MY3bIKaJibHbIX 3aHHTHH.

3.2. OPHEHTAIJJUI yqHTEJUI MY3bIKH

HA B03PACTHbIE OCOBEHHOCTH Y'IAilJ;HXCH
Beeb MY3bIKaJihHo-ne.uarorHqecKHH npouecc, BCH' ,!J,eHTeJibHOCTb
yqn:TeJIH MY3bIKH ,!J,OJI)l(HbI 6bITh c<t>oKYCHpoBaHbI Ha Jill'IHOCTH pe6euKa, Ha ero BOCITHTaHHH, o6yqeHHH, pa3BHTHH B npouecce o6meHHH
c MY3hIKo:H. B nocJie,lJ,HHe ro,!J,bI TaKaH no3HUHH B ne,1J,aromKe MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH Bee 6onee YTBep)K,lJ,aeTcH. CBH,IJ;eTeJibCTBOM TOMY

48

' HBJIHeTCH TOT <t>aKT' qTo B KaqecTBe rrpHopHTeTHOH ueJm MY3bIKaJib'Horo o6pa3oBaHHH BbI.lJ.BHraeTcH pa3BHTHe pe6eHKa; rrpH 3TOM pe6eHOK, KaK rro.uqepKHBaeT
M. UbIITHH, xapaKTepH3yeTCH He KaK MaJieHbKHH B3POCJibIH, a IICHXOJIOfH:qecKH CBOeo6pa3HOe CYIUeCTBO I.

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eCTb HeCKOJibKO o6'beKTHBHbIX <t>aKTOpOB, KOTOpbie orrpe,ll,eJIHIOT cymecTBeHHbie B03paCTHble oco6eHHOCTH COBpeMeHHbIX lllKOJibHHKOB. /' -

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H YIUep6HOH COUHaJibHOH Il03HUHH. B 3TOH TpeBO)KHOH CHTYaUHH yqHTeJib MY3blKH, BHHMaTeJibHO Ha6JIIO,!J,aH 3a ,!J,eTbMH H BblHBJIHH CHJibHbie CTOpOHbl HX MY3bIKaJibHOro pa3BHTHH, cnoco6eH H3MeHHTb OTHOIIleHHe yqamerocH K caMOMY ce6e, ,!J,aTb B03MO)KHOCTb eMy noqYBCTBOBaTb ce6H JIHqHOCTbIO, CIIOC06HOH K TBOpqeCKOMY caMOBblpaJKeHHIO H npH06peTeHHIO HOBOro JIHqHOCTHoro CTaTYCa B KOJIJieKTHBe.
BTOpbIM BaJKHbIM <t>aKTopoM, orrpe.ueJIHIOIUHM oco6eHHOCTH co- ()
BpeMeHHoro lllKOJibHHKa, KaK cqHTaeT E. C. PaqHHa, HBJIHeTCH c e p b~ri
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'

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49

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cocpe;::i;oTOtIHTbCH.
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ITOBbIIIIeHHOH .UBHraTeJibHOH aKTHBHOCTblO, HepBHOH B036y.n;HMOCTbIO,
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OT Hero BHPTy03Horo BJia)J;eHHH coqeTaHHeM KOJIJieKTHBHOH, rpyrrrroBOH H HH.llHBH.UYaJibH9H <PopM pa60Thl Ha MY3hIKaJibHbIX 3aHHTHHX.
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50

Mmv.meH: mKoni.ui.1H: no1pacT

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51
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52

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3. E. A6.u;yJIJIMH, E. M. 11.eJIKOBHHKOB. - M.,
1998. - c. 101-102.)
16. IlOIIhITai1TeCb paCKPbITb B03MO)l(HOCTH caMoperyJIHI.(HH BaIIIHX IICHXOJiornqecKHX COCTOHHHM c IIOMOIII;bIO rro.n;6opa COOTBeTCTBYIOIII;HX MY3bIKaJibHbIX rrpon313e.n;eHHM.
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19. OxapaKTepn3y:i1Te B03pacTHhre oco6eHHOcTn MY3hIKaJihHoro pa3BHTHH
rro.n;pocTKOB.

PEKOMEH,ZJ;YEMA.H JIHTEPATYPA
OCHOBHA.51
AJI n e B IO. E. MeTOJ.J:HKa MY3hIKaJihHoro nocmnaHMH .n;eTe:i1 (oT .n;eTcKoro
ca.u;a - K HaqaJihHOM IIIKoJie). - BopoHe)I(, 1998.
'
56

AJI He B IO. E. HacTOJibHaH KHHra IIIKOJihHoro yqHTeJIH-MY3hIKaHTa. - M.,

2000.
Ee36opo.n;ona JI.A., AJitten IO.E. MeTO,D;HKa rrpeno.n;anaHHH MY3hIKH B 06meo6pa3onaTeJibHhIX yqpe)[(,l(eHHHX. - M., 2002.
K pa c H JI h H HK o B ll. M. llHTOHau;noHHaH KOHu;erru:1-rn MY3hIKaJibHOCTH
H Mo.n;eJih .n:orroJIHHTeJihHoro MY3hIKaJihHOro o6pa3onaHHH
llcKYCCTBo B IIIKOJie. - 2000. - N2 l.
My3hIKaJihHoe o6pa3oBaHHe IIIKOJihHHKOB I Ilo.u; pe.n;. JI. B. lllKOJIHp. - M.,
2001.
Ha .n: n po Ba JI. JI. CTpyHhI o6m;HoCTH: TeopeTttqecKHe ocHOBhI pa3BHTHH
3MIIaTHH y CTyJ.{eHTOB MY3b!KaJihHO-IIe.u;arornqecKHX ct:>aKYJibTeTOB: MOHOrpacPHH. - BJia,D;HMMp, 1999.
IlcttxoJiomH MY3hIKaJihHOM .n;eHTeJihHOCTH: TeopHH n rrpaKTHKa: Yqe6.
noco6ne I Ilo.n; pe.u.. r. M. 11.hIIIHHa. - M., 2003.
C Tap q e y c M. C. CJiyx MY3hIKaHTa. - M., 2003 .
CycJiona H.B., Ilo.u;yponcKHM B.M. IlcttxoJiomqecKM KoppeKI.(HH
MY3hIKaJibHo-rre.u;aromqecKo:i1 .u;eHTeJihHOCTH. - M., 2000 .
TeopnH n MeTo.u;HKa MY3hIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH .u;eTe:i1: HayqHo-MeTO.n;HqecKoe rroco6ne I JI. B. lllKOJIHp, M. C. KpacttJihHHKOBa, E. KpttTCKaH
H .u;p. - M., 1998.

11

.n:.

.ll:OIIOJIHMTEJihHNI
AH H c HM o B II. B. IloHHTh qeJioBeKa II My3hIKa B IIIKOJie. - 1987. - N2 1.
Be T JI yr H Ha H.A. 0 CTPYKTYPe MY3hIKaJihHOCTH
BernymHa H.A. My3hIKaJihHOe pa3BHTHe pe6eHKa. - M., 1967.
llcKyccrno, MY3hIK03HaHHe, MY3hIKaJibHaH rrcttxoJiomH H MY3hIKaJibHaH
ne.n;aromKa: XpecrnMaTHH I CocT. 3. E. A6.n:yJIJIMH H E. M. I.J.eJIKOBHHKOB. - Bhm.
1.- q_ 2. -M., 1991.
My3hIKaJihHOCTh
My3hIKaJihHaH 3Hl(HKJiorre.n;nH. - T. 3. - M., 1976.
M H c nm e B B. H.,r o T c.n: H Hep A.JI. Ilpo6JieMa MY3hIKaJihHhIX cnoco6HocTe:i1 nee COI.(HaJibHoe 3HaqeHHe II PoJib MY3hIKH B 3CTeTttqecKoM nocnHTaHHH .n;eTeM H IOHOIIIecrna. - JI., 1981.
Ha 3 a :i1 K H H c K H :i1 E. B. 0 rrcHXoJiomH My3hIKaJihHoro nocrrpHHTHH. - M.,
1972.
pa)!( H HK 0 B B. .ll:HaJIOrH 0 MY3bIKaJibHOM rre.n;aromKe. - M., 1989.
Tap a c 0 B
My3bIKaJibHM IlCHXOJIOrHH
CnYTHHK yqHTeAA MY3b!KH
CocT. T. B. qeJihIIIIena. - M., 1993.
Tap a co Ba K. B. 0HToreHe3 MY3bIKaJihHhIX crroco6HocTe:i1. - M., 1988.
T. e p e HT he Ba H. A. Xy.n;o)l(ecrneHHO-TBopqecKoe pa3BHTHe MJia,u;mnx
IIIKOJibHHKOB Ha ypoKax MY3bIKH B npouecce l(eJIOCTHOro BOCilpHHTHH pa3JIHqHbIX BHJ.J:OB HcKyccrna. - M., 1990.

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58

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2001. - NQ 6. - C. 12-20.

59

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3TOM yqeHbIM rroii;qepKMBaeT, qTO yqam11i1:cH, ycBaMBaH TY HJIM MHYJO
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paH, KaK npaBHJio, Ha ypoKe He 3ByqMT 1. YcTpaHeH11e 3Toro rrponrnopeq11H HBJIHeTCH Heo6xoii;HMhIM ycJIOBHeM cpopM11poBaHMH MY3hIKaJib-

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HOH r<yJihTypbI yqaru;MxcH.

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H3Beii;eHMH Hapoii;Horo, KJiacc11qecKoro H COBpeMeHHOfO HC:r<yCCTBa,

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MY3bIKaJibHOM r<yJibTYPbI.

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co3ii;aHMe pa3BepHyro:i1 cucmeMbt iJonoAHumeAbHOW MY3btKOJlbHOw
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rrpe.uocrnBJieHHe B03MO)l(HOCTM yq11TeJIHM MY3bIKM rroBhIIIIaTh cBott
rrpocpecc110HanhHbIH ypoBeHb B cucmeMe nocmBy3oBcKow o6pa3oBaHUJt;
co3ii;aH11e y11e6Ho-MemoiJu11ecKoii 6a3bt.
:U:enb MY3hIKaJibHoro o6pa30BaHMH, 3aJIO)l(eHHaH B TOH MJIM HHOH KOHuerrUMM, orrpeii;eJIHeT HarrpaBJieHHOCTb BCex KOMIIOHeHTOB MY3bIKaJibHOro o6pa30BaHHH: 3a,Uaq, rrpMHUMIIOB, co.uep)l(aHHH, MeTO,UOB II ct>opM.

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KaK TBopua, KaK XY.UO)l(HMKa (a 3TO II eCTb pa3BMTMe .uyxoBHOH r<yJibTYPbI) HeB03MO)l(HO 6e3 pa3BMTMH <PYH.uaMeHTaJibHhIX crroco6HocTe:H: -

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HC:r<yCCTBa CJibIIIIaTb, MC:r<yCCTBa BM;:i;eTb, MC:r<yCCTBa qYBCTBOBaTb, MCr<yCCTBa .UYMaTb . 3 IlpH 3TOM aBTOp BbI;:J;eJIHeT TPH KOMIIOHeHTa MY3bIKaJibHOM r<yJib1)'pbI: My3bIKaJibHbIH OilbIT IIIKOJibHMKOB-, MX MY3bI-

6JIIDKaiimas ne,narom'lecKas HHTepnpeTau;us ero u;eJIH u e ceoeii coeoKYDHOCTH uanpaBJieHbl ua MY3b1KaJibHOe BOCDHTanue, o6yqeuue H pa3BHTHe pe6euKa.

KaJibHYIO rpaMOTHOCTh II MY3hIKaJibHO-TBopqecKoe pa3BMTMe.

1
Ill a M H Ha JI. B. 3rHorpaqmqecKaH rrapa,a;HrMa UIKOJihHOro MYJhIKaJihHoro 06paJoBaHHH: OT 3THOrpaqmH CJiyxa K MY3h!Ke MHpa II Ilperro.uaaareJib (CrreUBhIIIYCK
MyJhIKaHr-rre.uaror). - 2001. - Ne 6. - C. 21-26.
2 Be Hr p y c JI.A. IleHHe H cPYH,UaMeHr MYJhIKaJibHOCTH. - BeJIHKHH Hoaropo.u, 2000. - C. 10.
3 Ill Ko JI Hp JI. B. I1JyqeH11e MY3bIKaJibHoi1 KYJibTypbI MJiailllIHX UIKOJibHHKOB 11
TeopHH H MeTO.UHKa MYJbIKaJibHoro o6paJoBaHHH .uerett I JI.B.lliKOJIHp, M.C.KpaCHJibHHKOBa, E . .[(. KpHTCKaH H .up. - M., 1998. - C. 290.

60

OcHOBHLie 3Ma'IH MY3LIKaJILHoro 06pa3oeaHu.H

TaKMM 3 a .u a q a M Moryr 6bITh oTHeceHbr:

pa3BMTHe B .uernx r<yJibTypbI 'lYBCTB, xy.uo)l(eCTBeHHOH 3MilaTMM,

qYBCTBa MY3bIKM, JII06BM K Hett; TBOpqeCKOfO 3MOUMOHaJibH0-3CTeTMqecKoro OTKJIHKa Ha rrpOM3Beii;eHMH HC:r<yCCTBa;
1
CM.: II HJI H q Hye Kac A.A. IIyrH ct>opMHpoBaHHH MYJbIKMbHOH KYJibrypbI IIIKOJibHHKOB II Tpa,a;HUHH :11 Hoaaropcrno B MY3bIKMbH0-3crerttqecKoM 06paJ0BaHm1: MarepHaJibI Me)l(JlyHapo,UHOH KOHcl>epeHUHH TeopHH H rrpaKTHKa MY3h!KaJibHOro 06.paJOBaHHH: ttcrop11qecK11i1 acneKT, coapeMcirnoe cocroHHHe H rrepcneKTHBbI paJBHTHH I
IIo.u pe.u. E . .[(. Kp11rcKoi1 11 JI. B. lliKOJJHp. 1999. - C. 92-93.

M:,

61

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HCKYCCTBOM.
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pa3JIH'llHbie IIYTH .n;ocTlf)KeHH.SI ero ncxo.n;Ho:H: ueJIH.

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62

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63

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Ilpli opMHpoBaHHH 3MOUHOHaJihHO-UeHHOCTHOfO OTHOllleHHH
yqam:HxcH K MY31>1Ke Heo6xo.n;HMO yqHT1>1BaT1> H YHHKaJihHhle B03MO)J(HOCTH 3TOfO HCKYCCTBa OKa3bIBaTb CHJibHOe II c H x 0 JI 0 r H q e c K 0 e,
B TOM qf[cJie a p TT e pa II e BT H q e c K 0 e, B 0 3 ll e H: c TB He Ha JIHq-

Orr1>1T o6pameHHH K MeTO,n:aM aprreparreB'mqecKoro BoJ,n;encrnHH

no OTHOIIIeHHIO K .n;eTHM, B TOM qf[CJie C 3aII03llaJihIM pa3BHTHeM,
rrpaKTHKYeTcH B CIIIA H B ueJioM pH.n;e eBporreiicKHX cTpaH, B qe.cTHOCTH BO <l>paHUHH, r.ue MHOrHe rre.z:i;arorH-MY3bIKaHTbl CJie,ll;)'IQT CHCTe-

llY cepbe3HbIMH H JierKHMH )J(aHpaMH.

IlpH 3TOM CJie,n;yeT HMeTb B BH.n;y, qTo B Tpa,UHUHHX pyccKoro OTe1:1ecTBeHHOfO MY3hIKaJihHoro o6pa3oBaHHH

(B. <I>. OlloeBCKHH, M.A. Ba-

. JiaKHpeB, C. B. CMoJieHCKHH H .n;p.) rrpnopHTeTHoe 3HaqeHHe MH ero

.'. co.n;ep)J(aHHH HMeJIH llle.n;eBpbl pyccKOH H 3apy6e)J(HOH MY3hlKaJihHOH

HOCTb. TaKoe B03lleHCTBHe MO)J(eT HOCHTb KaK II03HTHBHhIH, TaK H

HeraTHBHhlH xapaKTep. IT03TOMY 3a,n;aqa ytlHTeJIH COCTOHT B TOM, qTQ-

KYJihTYPhI. BrrocJiellCTBHH HX CTaJIH Ha31>1BaT1> 30.aombl.M tjJoniJoM MY31>1KaJI1>Ho-rre.n;arornqecKoro perrepzyapa, cJI~amHM ocHOBOH KaK MH

61>1 HaHTH H IIPHMeHHTb BCIO COBOKYIIHOCTb MY3hIKaJihHO-rre.n;arorHqecKHX cpe,n;CTB .n;JIH rrpeo6pa3YJOIIJ;ero, C03H,UaTeJibHOfO B03lleHCTBHH
MY3hIKH Ha JIHqHOCTb H KOJIJieKTHB B ueJIOM.

CJIYIIIaTeJibCKOH, TaK H .n;JIH HCIIOJIHHTeJibCKOH ,n;eHTeJibHOCTH yqaIIJ;HXCH.

OllHaKo B coBpeMeHHOH rre.n;arorHKe MY31>IKaJI1>Horo o6pa3oBaHHH
Ha6JIIOllaIOTCH IIPHMO rrpOTHBOIIOJIO)J(Hbie TOqKH 3peHHH 110 OTHOllleHHIO K ueJiecoo6pa3HOCTH BKJIIOqeHHH KJiaccHqecKOH MY3bIKH B co-

BcJie.n;cTBHe 3Toro B03.n;eH:cTBHH B03MO)J(HhI rroJIO)J(HTeJI1>H1>1e rrepeMeH1>1 B IICHXHqecKOM COCTOHHHH yqeHHKa B caMbIX pa3HbIX HarrpaBJieHHHX, qTo, B CBOIO oqepe.n;h, BJIHHeT Ha HarrpaBJieHHOCTb H
Ha KaqecTBO ero 3MOUHOHaJihHO-UeHHOCTHOfO OTHOllleHHH K My3bIKe.

1 CM.: Ac a <l> be B .6. B. MyJhIKa.JibHaH <l>opMa KaK rrpouecc. K1rn.rn rrepBaH a BTOpaH. - 2-e HJ.u;. - JI., 1971.

70

,!lep)J(aHHe MY3hIKaJihHoro o6pa3oBaHHH.

TaK, Ha ocHoBaHHH rrpoBe.n;eHHoro HCCJiellOBaHHH JI. B. IIIKoJIHp
IIPHXOllHT K BblBOllY, qTo caMbIH BhICOKHH IIOKa3aTeJib BOCIIPHHTHH
KJiaccHqecKOH MY3hlKH 61>m OTMeqeH y qeTbrpeXJieTHHX ,n:eTeH, KOTO1 CM.: W i 11 ems E. L'oreille musical. I. La preparation auditive de l'enfant (Avant
propos de E.Jacques Dalcrose). - Pa~ 1965.

71

KaKruI MY3bIKa H KaKoe BJIHHHHe OKa3bIBaeT Ha Hero B pa3JIHqHblX

rreHXOJiorn:qeeKHX eoeTOHHHHX H KaKHe BH,llbl MY3bIKaJibHOM ,lleHTeJibHOeTH erroeo6HbI yeHJIHTb ee B03.llelieTBHe.
3HaHHH o MY3bIKe TOJibKO Tor.ua eTaHOBHTeH qaeTbio MY3bIKaJibHOM
KYJibTYPbI yqameroeH, Kor.ua rrepepaeTaIOT B YMeHHH eJibIIIIaTb H rroHHMaTb MY3bIKY, eTaHOBHTeH HHeTpYMeHTOM )l)IH OBJia,lleHHH orrpe.ueJieHHbIMH HeIIOJIHHTeJibeKHMH HaBbIKaMH, erroeo6eTByIOT peaJIH3aUHH
JaJioxeHHoro B HeM rnopqeeKoro rroreHUHaJia. BoT rroqeMY repMHH 3HaHHe B rre.uarornKe MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH npaBoMepHo paeeMaT- .
pHBaTb KaK oqeJioBeqeHHoe 3HaHHe (TepMHH B. A. CyxoMJIHHeKoro). !
IloeJie,llOBaTeJibHOeTb BBe,lleHHH B eo.uepxaHHe 3aHHTHH 3HaHHH I
MY3bIKH H o MY3bIKe orrpe.ueJIHeTeH JIOrHKOH rrpHo6meHHH pe6eHKa K
MHpy 6oJibIIIOro HeKYeeTBa, KOTOpruI yqHTbIBaeT B03paeTHbie oeo6eHHOeTH yqamHxeH, ,llOeTYIIHOeTb yeBOeHHH 3THX 3HaHHH .ueTbMH, Mepoli HaKoIIJieHHoro MY3b1KaJibHO-eJiyxoBoro OIIbITa, HaJI~HeM yeBoeHHbIX paHee MY3bIKaJibHbIX 3HaHHH.
Crre.uyeT oeo6o rro,ll'lepKffYTb, qro 3HaHHH o MY3bIKe 6e3 3HaHHJI caMoi M)'lLIKH, 3MOUHOHaJibHO ooerrpHHHTOM, rrepe)l{HTOH H OeMblCJieHHOM pe6eHKOM, <l>rucrwieeKH TepJDOT CBOIO .llll'lllOC11IO-lleHHOC'l'll)'IO 3Ha11HMOCTL, oeTaBruieb <l>opMaJibHbIM IIOKa3aTeJieM 3PY.llHUHH yqamerocH.
IlpH 3TOM HHTepec K 3HaHHHM o MY3bIKe rrpHXO.llHT He epa3y. KaK
OTMeqaeT <l>paHuy3CKHH MY3bIKaHT-HCCJie,lloBaTeJib IT. A. JiacKapH, OH
B03HHKaeT y yqaIUHXCH JIHIIlb TOr,lla, Kor.ua OHH yxe rroqYBCTBOBaJIH
ce6H IIJieHeHHblMH BJiaCTbIO 3BYKOB . KaK TOJibKO HaKaIIJIHBaeTCH OIIblT' c.
XOTH 6bI 3JieMeHTapHbIH, rrpHXO,llHT )l{a)l{,lla 3HaHHH 1.

5.3. MY3bIKA.JlbHblE YMEHIDI H HABbIKH

B HaeToHmee BpeMH B rre.uaromKe MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHlrn Bee
6oJiee yrnep)l{,llaeTeH Il03HUHH, eomaeHO KOTOpoli Me)l{,lly YMeHHHMH
H HaBbIKaMH HMeeTeH IlPHHUHIIHaJibHOe pa3JI~He.
My3hlKaJILHhle )'MelllUI
YMeHHH o6yeJioBJieHbl BpeMeHH6li rrpHpo.uoli MYJbIKaJibHoro HeKYeeTBa H HarrpaBJieHbI Ha rrpoueee Ha6JIIO.lleHHH (repMHH .6. B.Aea<l>beBa) 3a HHTOHaUHOHHbIM pa3BHTHeM B eJiyIIIaTeJibeKOH, HeIIOJIHHTeJibeKOH .ueHTeJibHOCTH, HMrrpoBH3aUHH (eoqHHeHmr) MY3bIKH, a
TaKXe rrpH yeTaHOBJieHHH B3aHMOeBH3eH MY3blKH e .llPYfHMH BH,llaMH
HeKYeeTBa H 0Kpyxa10meli )l{ll3HbIO. TaKoro po.ua YMeHHH He rro,llJiexaT aBTOMaTH3aUHH, H6o eBH3aHbl e rnopqeeKHM, HHKOr,lla TOqHo He
rroBTOpHIOIUHMeH rrpoueeeoM rrocTH)l{eHHH MY3bIKaJibHoro HeKYeeTBa.
1 Etienne

76

M.J. L'homme musical. - Paris, 1976. - P. 359.

My3bIKaJibHbie YMeHHH 011Hpa10TeH Ha 3HaHHH o MY3bIKe H <t>opMHpyIOTCH B rrpoueece ee )l{HBOro BOCIIPHHTHH. IlpH 3TOM B rrpouecce
MY3bIKaJibHbIX 3aHHTHH <l>opMHpyIOTCH .llBe rpyrrIIbI YMeHHH.
K rrepBoii H3 HHX MOJYI' 6b1Tb OTHeCeHbl yMeHHB, rrpHeymHe KOHKpeTHOM)' BH.lJY M)'lblKaJibHOii ,IJ,esrreJibHOCTH H orneqa10mHe ee rrpHpo.ue:
a) B c JI y III a Te JI b c K 0 H .ll e 51 Te JI b H 0 c TH 3TO rrpe)l{,lle Beero
YMeHHH:
BOerrpHHHMaTb MY3bIKaJibHyIO HHTOHaUHIO, 3MOUHOHaJibHO OTKJIHKaTbeH Ha eo.uepxaHHe yCJibIIIIaHHOro rrpOH3Be,lleHHH;
oxapaKTepH30BaTb CBOe BttyTPeHHee COCTOHHHe IIOCJie ero rrpoCJIYIIIHBaHHH, CBOH qYBCTBa, rrepe)l{HBaHHH H MbieJIH, po)l{,lleHHble 3TOii
MY3bIKOii;
.
,llaTb 8ep60JlbHYIO U/IU He8ep60JlbHYIO (8 pucymce, 8 wzacmux:e Um. o.)
xapax:mepucmux:y npoCAywannozo npou3BeoeHua, ero o6pa3H0-3MOUHOHaJibHoro co.uepxaHHH, cpe.ucTB MY3bIKaJibHOH Bbipa3HTeJibHOCTH, HX
B3aHMOeBH3H, rrpoueeea pa3BHTHH MY3bIKaJibHOro o6pa3a H MY3bIKaJibHOH .upaMaTYprHH ,llaHHoro npOH3Be,lleHHH, ero HHTOHaUHOHHbIX,
xaHpOBbIX H eTHJieBbIX oeo6eHHOCTeli;
BbrnBJIHTb o6mee H oeo6eHHOe Me)l(.IJY rrpoeJIYIIlaHHblM rrpoH3Be. .ueHHeM H .upyrnMH MY3bIKaJibHbIMH rrpoH3Be.aeHHHMH Toro xe aBTOpa, eoqHHeHHHMH .upyrHX KOMI103HTOpOB, rrpOH3Be,lleHHHMH .upyrHX
BH,llOB HeKYeeTBa H )l{H3HeHHbIMH HeTOKaMH;
6) B H e rr 0 JI H HT e JI be K 0 H M y 3 bl Ka JI b H 0 H .ll e HT e JI b H oe TH Bee BbIIIIerrepeqHeJieHHbie YMeHHH eoxpaHHIOT eBOIO 3HaqHMOeTb
H BMeeTe c TeM rroHBJIHeTeH PM rrpHHUHITHaJibHO HOBbIX YMeHHM,
eBH3aHHblX e He06XO,llHMOeTbIO 80MOUJ,eHUJl OOHHOZO npOU38eOeHUJl 8
co6cm8eHHOM ucno1me11uu (B rreHHH, Hrpe Ha MY3bIKaJibHbIX HHeTpyMeHTax, B IIJiac~eeKOM HHTOHHpoBaHHH). 0HH orrpe,lleJIHIOTeH crreUH<l>HKOH Toro HJIH HHOro BH,lla HeIIOJIHHTeJibeTBa H HanpaBJieHbl Ha
BoerrpoH3Be.aeHHe H HHTeprrpeTaUHIO MY3blKaJibHoro rrpoH3Be.aeHHH.
IlpH 3TOM B rreHHH, B Hrpe Ha MY3blKaJibHbIX HHeTpYMeHTax H B
IIJiaeT~eeKOM HHTOHHPOBaHHH Ha rrepBblH IIJiaH BbICTYIIaIOT YMeHHH
B <l>opMe MY3bIKaJibHo-cnyxoBbIX rrpe.uernBJieHHli o TOM, KaKHM .llOJIXHO 6bITb 3ByqaHHe .uaHHoro KOHKpeTHOrO rrpOH3Be,lleHHH B orrpe.ueJieHHOM xapaKTepe, xaHpe, eTHJie.
B 3TOH eBH3H Heo6xo.aHMO Bbl,lleJIHTb eme O.llHY pa3HOBH.llHOeTb
YMeHHH, eBH3aHHbIX c unmepnpemau.ueii pa3yttu8aeMblX u ucnoAltfleMbtx

npou3Beoenuii.

K HHM OTHoeHTeH YMeHHH:

HHTYHTHBHO, a 3aTeM H B orrpe.ueJieHHOH Mepe oe03HaHHO HeIIOJIHHTb rrpOH3Be,lleHHe (rrpH rreHHH eono, B MY3blKaJibHO-IIJiaeTHqeeKOH .ueHTeJibHOCTH, B Hrpe Ha MY3bIKaJibHOM HHeTpYMeHTe) B eBOeli HellOJIHHTeJibeKOH TpaKTOBKe;
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epaBHHBaTb pa3JIHqHble HHTeprrpeTaUHH H BbI6HpaTb H3 HHX JiyqIIIHH BapHaHT;

'

77

 ouemrnaTb KaqecTBO BOIIJIOUleHJUI H36paHHOH HHTeprrpeTaUHH B

CBOeM HCIIOJIHeHHH.
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KIDK,ll;bIH BH,ll; ,n;eHTeJibHOCTH Tpe6yeT CBOHX oco6bIX YMeHHH KOOpOUHU-

pooamb MY3blKOJlbHO-CJZyxoBbte npeocmaB11eHUR co cneu,u<jJuJteCKUMU cnoco6aMu ux BOCnpoU36eOeHUR: B rreHHH - 3TO KOOp,Il;HHaUHH Me)K,Uy CJiyXOM 'H fOJIOCOM, B Hrpe Ha MY3bIKaJibHbIX HHCTpYMeHTaX H B IIJiaCTHqecKOM HHTOHHpOBaHHH KOOp,Il;HHaUHH Me)K,Uy CJiyxOM H ,ll;BHraTeJibHbIM arrrrapaTOM. M B TOM H B ,n;pyroM CJiyqae TaKaH KOOp,Il;HHaUHH
peryJIHpyeTCH TeM H,IJ;eaJibHbIM rrpe,n;cTaBJieHHeM 0 3ByqaHHH .n;aHHOfO
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aj B MY3hlKaJibHO-KOMII03HUHOHHOM TBopqecTBe
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My3hIKaJihHhie HaBbIKH, orrHpa10m11ecH Ha MY3bIKaJihHhie 3HaHHH

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B IICHXOJIOfMH HaBbIKH paccMaTPMBaIOTCH KaK ,neHCTBHH, OT,IJ;eJibHbie
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78

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Bbl 3 bl Ba H He TBopqecKoro .n;apa: cnoco6HOCTH H306peTeHHH H KOM6HHHPOBaHHH MaTepHana 3 Cne.n;oBaTeJibHO, OT Toro, KaKHMH .n;aHHhIMH 6y.n;eT pacrionaraTh pe6eHOK (npH BCeM 3HaqeHHH ero npHpo.n;HbIX MY3hIKaJihHhIX cnoco6HocTett), cTattyT orrpe.n;eJIHThCH co.n;epxa-

I Ka 6 a JI e B c K H li ):(. B. OcHOBHble npHHUHIIbI H MeTo,n;br rrporpaMMbI no MY3bIKe ,n;m1 o6w:eo6pa3oBaTeJibHott WKOJibI 11 IIporpaMMHO-MeTO,n;H'1ecme MaTepHaJibI. My3bIKa. HaqanbH!UI WKona. - M., 2001. - C. 28.
2 Ac a <Pb e B B. B. 0 MY3bIKaJibHO-TBopqecmx HaBbIKax y ,n;eTeli 11 Aca<t>beB B. B.
lfa6paHHbre cTaTbH o MY3bIKaJibHOM npocsew:eHHH H o6pa3oBaHHH I ITo,n; pe,n;.
E.M.OpJIOBOH. - M.; JI., 1965. - C. 97.
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80

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ero pe3yJihTaT.
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:PaccMaTpHBaH npnpo.n;y M)'3hIKaJihHoro TBopqecTBa, If. M. KpacHJibHHKOB HCXO,ll;HT H3 Toro, qTQ cnenn<l>HqHOCTb xy.n;oxecTBeHHO-TBOpqeCKOH .n;eHTeJibHOCTH onpe.n;eJIHeTCH B nepBYJO oqepe.n;h MaTepHaJIOM
.n;aHHoro KOHKpeTHoro HCKYCCTBa. B MY3hIKe Tal<HM MaTepHanoM HBJIHeTCff MY3hIKaJihHhiit 3BYK H MhIIIIJieHHe no JaKoHaM .>fY3hIKaJihHoro
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1 CM.: KpacHJibHHKOB H.M. MYJbIKaJibHoeTBopqecTBOKaKnpe,n;MeTrre,n;arornKH l[MY3bIKa B wKOJie. - 2001. - N2 l. - C. 19.
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3MOUHOHaJibHOCTb KaK CBOHCTBO JIHtIHOCTH 3aHHMaIOT oco6oe MeCTO.

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(Ea p bl Ille Ba T .
0 HeKoropbIX nepcneKTHBax
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pa3BHTHH pe6eHKa B tIHCJIO ITPHOPHTeTHbIX. IlpH 3TOM ITpe,LJ;JiaraIOTCH

pa3JIHtIHhle n y TH ee p e III e H H H:
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2. OxapaKrepH3YHTe CJie.LJ;y10myro II03HU.HIO OTHOCHTCJibHO pOJIH 3MOU.HH
B xy.LJ;O)l(CCTBCHHOH )l;C.SITCJibHOCTH pe6eHKa:

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10. IlpBBe.LJ;MTe npHMepbl npOB3Be.LJ;eHBH, HaH60Jiee noKa3aTeJibHbIX AA.SI
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I K pa c H JI b H HK 0 B 11.M. My3b!KaJlbHOe TBOp'leCTBO KaK npe)l;MeT ne.t1arornKH //

My3bIKa B llIKOJie. - 2001. - N2 1. - C. 19-20.
2TaM )l(e. - C. 23-27.

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11. B qeM nposi:am1erc.S1 B3attMocil.S13&,. o6mee B paJJIIfqHoe. B MY3bIKaJihHhlX yMeHH.SIX If HaBbIKax?

82

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2000.

IO. E. HacTOJibHM KHHra WKOJibHOro yqHTeJIH-MY3bIKaHTa. - M.,

EeJ6opo.n;oBa JI.A.,AJIHeB IO.E. MeTo.O:HKarrperro.n;aBaHHHMY3bIKH

B o6meo6pa3oBaTeJibHbIX yqpexmeHHHX. - M., 2002.
E o H <Pe JI b .a; M. III. MyJbIKa KaK HCKyCCTBO. 0CHOBHhle rrpo6JieMbI MY3bIKaJibHOH 3CTeTHKH 11 EoH<PeJib,D; M. III. BBe.n;eHHe B MYJbIK03HaHHe. - M., 2001.
Ka 6 a JI e B c K H ii ,l(. E. OcHOBHb1e rrpHHI.J;HilbI H MeTO):i:bI rrporpaMMbI no
My3bIKe MH o6meo6pa3oBaTeJibHOH WKOJibI 11 IlporpaMMHO-MeTo.n;HqecKHe
MaTepHaJibI. MyJbIKa. HaqarrbHM wKoJia. - M., 2001.
Me .a: y we B c K H ii B. B. Co.n;ep)KaTeJibHbIH aHaJIH3 HHCTpyMeHTaJibHbIX
coqHHeHHH Ha ypoKax MYJbIKH B WKOJie 11 IIIKOJIHP JI. B., KpacHJibHHKoBa M. C., KpHTCKM E.,l(. TeopHH H MeTO.D;HKa MYJbIKaJibHoro o6paJoBaHHH
.n;eTeii I Hayq. pe.n;. JI. B. IIIKOJIHp. - M., 1998.
Me JI HK - II aw a e B A. A. 0 rrpoWJioM, HaCTOHil.(eM H BOJMO)KHOM 6y.n;ymeM Haweii rre.n;arornKH HCKyCCTBa II HcKyCCTBO B wKoJie. - 1999. - N2 4.
Ha 3 a ii K H H c K H ii E. B. CTHJib B MYJbIKe. )l(ru{p B MYJbIKe 11 Mero.n;OJiorHqecKaH KyJibTYPa rre.n;arora-MYJbIKaHTa I Ilo.n; pe.n;. 3. E. A6.n;yJIJIHHa. - M., 2002.
H HK o JI a e Ba A.H. CTHJieBOH rro.n:xo.n: B <PoprerrHaHHO-HcrroJIHHTeJibCKOM
KJiacce KaK <t>aKTOp <l>oPMHPOBaHHH JIHqHocTH yqHTeJIH-MYJbIKaHTa. - M., 2003.
My3bIKaJibHoe o6paJOBaHHe B WKOJie: Yqe6. rroco6He I Ilo.n; pe.n;. JI. B. IIIKoJIHp. - M., 2001.
Co KOJI o B A. C. MYJbIKa BOKpyr Hae. - M., 2000.
.l(OIIOJIHHTEJibHA.S.l
A 6 .n; y JI JI H H 3. E. TeopHH H rrpaKTHKa MYJbIKaJibHoro o6yqeHHH B o6meo6pa3oBaTeJibHOH WKOJie: Yqe6. rroco6He. - M., 1983.
Arr pa Kc H Ha 0. A. MeTO.O:HKa MY3bIKaJibHoro BocrrHTaHHH B WKOJie: Yqe6.
rroco6He. - M., 1983.
A p q a )I( H HK 0 Ba JI. r. Ilpo<t>eccHH - yqHTeJib MY3bIKH: KHHra MH yqHTeJIH. -

M., 1984.

Ac a <Pb e B E. B. lf36paHHble cTaTbH o My3bIKaJibHOM rrpocBell.(eHHH H 06paJoBaHHH. - M.; JI., 1965.

M e .a; y we B c K H :H B. B. My3bIKOBe.n;eHHe 11 CrrYTHHK yqHTeJIH MY3bIKH I
CocT. T. B. qeJibIWeBa. - M., 1993.
Me .a: y we B c K H :H B. B. 0 cymHoCTH MY3bIKH. TeopeTHqeCKOe rroCTIDKeHHe
My3hIKH 11 Me.n;yweBcKHH B.B. HHTOHau;HOHHM <f>opMa MYJbIKH. - M., 1993.
0 p JI o Ba E. M. HHTOHau;HOHHM TeopHH .6. B.AcacI:>beBa KaK yqeHHe o crreU:H<l>HKe MY3bIKaJibHoro MbIWJieHHH. HcmpHH. CraHoBJieHHe. CyuurocTb. - M.,

1984.
X H JI Ty H e H E. A. Xy,n;o)KeCTBeHHoe TBopqecTBo .n;eTeli B rre.n;arornqecKo:H
CHcTeMe MoHTeccopH II HcKyCCTBo B WKOJie. - 1999. - N2 3.

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.n;aHHbrH Bonpoc.
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85

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I MyJbIKaJibHOe 06paJ0BaH11e B!llKOJie: Yqe6. rroco611:e / OTB. pe.n. JI. B. IllKomrp. M., 2001.- C. 108.

HCKYCCTBa, HO H c 0Kpyxa10mett )l(M3Hb10,_Ilpu: ycTaHOBJieHHH TaKHX

86

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88

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JJOHCKoe eMerneHMe .sI3blKOB, qeM YHMBepearrbHbIH H3blK
HHTepecHbIM KOMMeHTaPHM K 3THM BbICKa3bIBaHHHM .uaeT cTy.ueHTKa
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T. JloMaKHHa:

... CJioBa <I>. MeH.lleJibCOHa H 11. CTpaBHHCKoro - 3TO He aJibTepHaTHBa,

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BIIe'iaTJieHHH OTpa)l(aJIH He CTOJlbKO rrpocJiywaHHOe rrpOH3Be,!leHHe, CKOJlbKO
ero. soJ.ueH:cTBHe Ha cJiywaTeJIH, BhrnBJIMH JIH'IHOCTb cJiywaTem1: Mepy oco3HaHHH HM TOM HJIH HHOit HHTOHal.(HH, a qepe3 3TH MblCJIHTeJibHbie aKTbl Bblpa)l(eHHe ero JIH'IHOCTHOfO 3MOL(HOHaJibHOf0 OTHOWeHHH, HHTepecoB,
cTpeMJieHHM, .uyxoBHoro MHpa. BocrrpHHHMaH MY3bIKy, H, KaK yqHTeJih, H
.ueril, KaK MOH yqeHHKH, Jiyqwe II03HaeM ce6H H .upyr .upyra.
.SI .uyMaro, 'ITO rnaBHaH 3a.n;aqa yqHTeJIH MY3b!KH B rrpouecce JIH'IHOCTHoro
MY3bIKaJibHO-KYJlbTYPHOfO pa3BHTHH o6yqaeMbIX - IIO'IYBCTBOBaTb H IIOHHTb
cOCTOHHHe .uywH yqamHxCH. PetJb .UOJI)l(Ha H.llTH He o rrepeBo.ue MY3hIKaJibHoro
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Ee pH c Ta tt H JI. KoHuepThI MSI Mono.ne:i1m / Ilep. c aHrn. H npe.nHcJIOBHe

E.<I>. EpoH<l>HH. - JI., 1991. - C. 67.

3 TaM :lKe. - C. 89-92.

90

1977. -C. 31-

Ole,uyeT MMeTb B BM.llY H TOT MY3blKa.JlbHO-eJJyuiaTeJJbeKH:H OnblT

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I CTpaBHHCKHit -

ny6JIHUHCT H co6ece.uHaK. ::_:: M.,

1988. - C. 347.

91

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I CM.: II 11 JI lf'IH y c Ka c A. A. I10JHaH11e MY3hIKl1 KaK BOCIIl1TaTeJibHrul rrpo6JieMa: IIoco611e MH yqmeJISI. - M., 1992.

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1Acaqnes E.B. MyJhIKMhHrur c:PopMa Kll.K rrpouecc. -JI., 1971. - C. 264.

2 )I(11 Bo B B.JI. Teop11si xoposoro 11crroJIHl1TeJihCTBa. ~ M., 1998. - C. 24-25.

93

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94

M., 1998. -

C. 25.

1 Par c IO. H. K0Huem1mi: 30HHoll: rrpMpO.l\bI MY3bIKaJibHoro cnyxa H. A. fap6y3oBa.

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96

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TaKoH: yposeHb MY3DIKaJibHO-TeopeTHqecKo:H ,n:eHTeJil>HOCTH MO)l(eT
6nITb o6o3HaqeH KaK rrpoTOHHTOHau;HoHHbIH. ITo.n: npomouHmoHau,ueu
B. B. Me.n:yIIIeBCKHH IIOHHMaeT HHTOHaIJ;HIO, KOTOpaH HHTYlfTHBHO BOCrrpHHHTa CJIYIIIaTeJieM KaK HeKoe CMbICJIOBOe co.n:ep)l(aHHe H B03HHKa-

1 MYJbIKaJibHOe 06pa3oaami:e B IIIKOJie: Yqe6. rroco6He / IIoii: peii:. JI. B. llIKOJIJlp. -

M., 2001. - C. 131.

2 TaM )Ke.

106

I Pe% HJJ:eT 0 CHCTeMe o6o6rueHHi!:, BBeJJ:eHHOtt B a,JJ:ep)KaHHe o6ruero MY3b!KaJlbHOro 06pa3oaaHHJ1 ,LI;. E. Ka6aneacKHM.

107

1:.

eT B ero rrpe.n;CTaBJieHHH B BH.n;e CHHKpeTHqecKOH ueJIOCTHOCTH (T. e.

1

uenocTHOCTH, eme He rro.n;Beprme:HcH amUIH3y)

BTopo:H 3Tarr - MY3hIKa.TihHO-TeopeTHqecKH:i1 aHaJIH3 .n;eThMH HoBoro MY3blKaJibHOfO IIOHHTHH Ha CTPYKTYPHO-aHaJIHTHqecKOM H HHTOHaUHOHHOM YPOBHHX B ,ll;OCTYIIHOH .n;JIH HHX <PopMe.
.CmpyKmypHblU OHO.llU3 HarrpaBJieH Ha TO, qT06hI H3 CHHKpeTHqeCKOH ueJIOCTHOCTH 3ByqaHHH BbI.n;eJIHTb ee pa3JIHqHhie COCTaBJIHIOIUHe.
IlpH 3TOM peqb H,neT rrpe)l()J;e Bcero 0 3BYKOBbICOTHOH H PHTMJ1qecKOH
opraHH3au1m.

npHMepy, npH 3HaKOMCTBe nepBoKJiaccHHKOB c noHHTHeM Maplll

BHHMaHHe .neTeH o6pamaeTCH Ha xaparcrepHbie AJIH 3TOro )[(aHpa MCTpOpHTMHqecKHC, MCJIO.[(HqecKHC H .npyrHe oco6eHHOCTH.

HHmoHau,uoHHbtu aHO.llU3 rrpe.nrronaraeT pacKphlTHe MHororpaHHOCTH H3yqaeMoro MY3bIKaJibHOro HBJieHHH B HHTOHaUHOHHOM OTHOIIIeHHH: BbIHBJieHHe xapaKTepHOH .n;JIH Hero o6o6meHHOH (B paccMaTpHBaeMOM HaMH rrpHMepe MapmeBOH) HHTOHaUHH H rrpocJie)l(HBaHHe
ee CBoeo6pa3HH B Ka)l()J;OM OT,ll;eJihHOM MY3blKaJibHOM rrpHMepe.

3TOH U:CJiblO nepBOKJiaCCHHKaM npe.nnaraeTCH, HanpHMep, cpaBHHTb

MaplllCBbIC HHTOHaU:HH B pa3JIHqHbIX no CBOCMY npe.nHa3HaqeHHlO H no xapaKTepy Maplllax: npa3,nHHqHbIX, cnopTHBHbIX, CKa30qHbIX H T. II.

TpeTHH 3TaII BKJIJOqeHHe HOBOro OCBaHBaeMoro yqaIUHMHCH

MY3bIKaJibHOro IIOHHTHH B o6IUyIO CHCTeMy rrpHo6peTaeMhIX HMH My3bIKaJibHO-TeopeTHqecKHX 3HaHHH.
Ilo.n;o6Hoe BKJIJOqeHHe rrpoHCXO,ll;HT IIOCTOHHHO ITO Mepe BCe 6onee
IIOJIHoro H MHOrorpaHHoro BXO)l()J;eHHH IIIKOJibHHKOB B MHP MY3bIKH H
rrpaKTHqecKH OCYIUeCTBJIHeTCH HerrpepbIBHO Ha IIpOTH)l(eHHH Bcex JieT
MY3hIKaJihHoro o6pa3oBaHHH.
My3hIKaJihHO-TeopeT11qecKaH .n;eHTeJihHOCTh yqaIUHXCH HarrpaBJieHa
rrpH 3TOM Ha CHCTeMaTH3aUHIO 3HaHHH H rrpe,n;CTaBJIHeT co6oli cpaBHHTeJibHbIH MY3hlKaJibHO-TeopeTHqecKHH amUIH3 COIIOCTaBJIHeMbIX MY3bIKaJibHbIX <PeHoMeHOB KaK Ha CTPYKTYPHO-aHanHTHqecKoM, TaK H
Ha HHTOHaUHOHHOM ypOBHHX.
ECJIH BHOBb o6paTHTbCH K noHHTHlO Maplll, TO co.nep)[(aTCJibHOe HanoJIHCHHC .naHHOro noHHTHH y nepBOKJiaccHHKOB, HanpHMep, o6oramaeTCH H
KOHKpeTH3HpyeTCH npH cpaBHCHHH Mapllla c TaKHMH )[(aHpaMH, KaK TaHeu:,
neCHH.
3aTCM IIOHHTHC Maplll conocTaBJIHCTCH c noHHTHCM MaplllCBOCTb
H T. n. B nocne.nyromtte ro.nbr lllKOJibHHKH nocTeneHHO paclllttpsrroT CBOH MY3bIKaJibHo-cnyxoBbie npe.nCTaBJICHHH 0 Mapllle npH 3HaKOMCTBe c npocpecCHOHaJibHOH MY3bIKOH pa3JIHqHbIX HCTOpHqecKHX 3nox, CTHJICH, HanpaBJieHHH, a TaK)[(e c Hapo.nHoH: MY3bIKOH H .npyrHMH nnacrnMH MY3bIKaJibHoro
HCKYCCTBa.

1 CM.: Me ,n y Ille B c K H i1 B. B. 0 3BYKOCMb1cnosoi1 <l>opMe MY3bIKH // Me,nyllleBB.B. I1HTOHaUHOHHaH <l>opMa MY3bIKH. - M., 1993. - C. 8-48.

CKHH

108

6.4. MY3blKA.JlbHO-HCTOPHqECKAH ,Il;EHTE.JlbHOCTb

My3hIKaJihHO-HCTOpHqecKaH .n;eHTeJibHOCTh yqaIUHXCH HarrpaBJieHa
Ha OCBOeHHe 3HaHHH 0 MY3bIKe pa3JIHqHbIX HCTOp11qecKHX 3IIOX,. MY3bIKaJibHO-HCT0pf[qeCKHX CTHJIHX, TBopqecTBe KOMII03HTOPOB rrpoIIIJioro
I1 HaCTOHIUero, a TaKXe Ha <PopMHPOBaHHe YMeHHH I1 HaBhIKOB orrePHPOBaTb 3THMH 3HaHHHMH B pa3JIHqHhIX BH.n;ax MY3hIKaJihHO:i1 .n;eHTeJihHOCTH.
B HaqanbHoli IIIKOJie B03MOXHa rnaBHhIM o6pa30M rro.nroTOBKa yqaIUHXCH K TaKoro po.n;a .n;eHTeJibHOCTH Ha OCHOBe HaKOIIJieHHH COOTBeTCTByIOIUero HHTOHaUHOHHO-CJiyxOBOro OIIbITa. B rrpouecce HCIIOJIHHTeJibCKOH H CJIYIIIaTeJibCKOH .n;eHTeJibHOCTH, cpaBHHBaH o6pa3Ubl rrpoH3Be.n;eHHH pa3HbIX )l(aHpOB, .n;eTH BhIHBJIHIOT o6mee I1 oco6eHHOe B
HHTOHaUHHX .naneKoro rrpoIIIJIOro H HaCTOHIUero.
HaH6onee rronHo MY3hIKaJihHO-HCTopn:qecKaH .n;eHTeJihHOCTh rrpe.nCTaBJieHa B rrpouecce 3aHHTHH c rro.n;poCTKaMH H CTapIIIHMH IIIKOJib-

HHKaMH. Bnaro.napH KOHTpaCTHhIM corrocTaBJieHHHM MYJhIKH pa3HhIX 3rrox

y liIKOJihHHKOB <PopMHpyeTcH rrpe.n;cTaBJieHHe o MY3hIKe rrpoIIIJioro H
HaCTOHIUero, 06 HCTOKax MY3bIKaJibHOH KYJibTYPhI, COKpbITOH B <PoJibKJIOPHhIX 06pa3uax: B CTapHHHbIX Hapo.n;HbIX rreCHHX H TaHUax pa3HblX
Hapo.n;oB. IlonyqaeMbie yqaIUHMHCH MY3bIKaJihHO-TeopeTHqecKHe rrpe.nCTaBJieHHH II03BOJIHIOT HM paccMaTpHBaTb 3aKoHoMepHoCTH MY3hIKaJihHoro HCKYCCTBa B HX HCTOpHqecKOM KOHTeKCTe, yCTaHaBJIHBaTb apKH
Me}l{)zy rrpOIIIJibIM H HaCTOHIUHM. B CHJIY CBOHX B03paCTHbIX oco6eHHOCTeli yqamHeCH yxe fOTOBbI rrpOBO)J;HTb )l(aHpOBO-CTHJieBbie aHaJIOrHH.
Ilo3TOMY B co.n;ep)l(aHHH MY3bIKaJihHhIX 3aHHTHH IIIKOJihHHKOB 3Toro
B03pacTa BCe 6onee IIOJIHOe rrpeTBopeHHe rronyqaeT )l(aHpOBO-CTHJieBOH
rro.nxo.n K H3yqeHHIO MY3hIKaJihHoro HCKYCCTBa. TeM caMbIM .nocTHraeTCH orrpe,neJieHHaH ueJIOCTHOCTb B HX rrpe.n;cTaBJieHHHX 06 HCTOpHqeCKOM pa3BHTHH MY3hIKH CKB03b rrpH3MY CMeHbl HCTOpHqecKHx CTHJie:H.
MoHorpa<l>Hqec:rille TeMhI, KOTOphre Bxo.n;HT B co.n;ep)l(aHHe MY3hIKaJihHbIX 3aHHTHH B CTapti.rnx KJiaccax, IIOMoraIOT yqaIUHMCH KOHKpeTH3HpOBaTb Te HJIH HHbie rrpe,n;CTaBJieHHH 06 HCTopnqecKHX CTHJIHX H
<PopMHpoBaTb JIJ1qHOCTHOe 3MOUHOHaJibHO-o6pa3HOe rrpe,n;CTaBJieHHe
0 MY3bIKe pa3HbIX BeKOB, ee CTHJieBbIX oco6eHHOCTHX, 0 TBopqecTBe
KOMII03HTOpOB B KOHTeKCTe 3BOJIIOUHH MY3bIKaJibHOro HCKYCCTBa. TaK,
IIOCTerreHHO HHTOHaUHOHHO-CJiyxOBOH <PoH.n; pe6.HT HaIIOJIHHeTCH,
o6oramaeTCH, II03BOJIHH HM Bee 6onee ysepeHHO opHeHTHpOBaThCH B
orpOMHOM H MHOroo6pa3HOM MHpe MY3bIKH.
My3hIKaJihHO-HCTOpHqecKaH .n;eHTeJihHOCTh yqaIUHXCH CTaHOBHTCH
B03MOXHOH TOJibKO Ha OCHOBe rrpHo6peTeHHOro HMM HHTOHaUHOHHO-CJiyxOBOro OIIbITa o6meHHH c MY3blKOH pa3JIHqHbIX HCTOp11qecKHX
3IIox 11 rronyqeHHhIX paHee MY3hlKaJihHO-TeopeT11qecKHx 3HaHHH. TeM
caMbIM HMeIOIUHeCH y HHX MY3bIKaJibHO-TeopeTHqecKHe 3HaHHH BKJIIOqaJOTCH B orrpe,neJieHHbIH HCTOpHqecKHH ~OHTeKCT, qTQ paCIIIHp.HeT H
yrny6JIHeT rrpe.n;cTaBJieHHH ,neTeH 0 HHX.

109

"'

6.5. MY3bIKAJILHO OPHEHTHPOBAHHMI

IlOJIHXY,ll;O)KECTBEHHMI ,IJ;EWTEJILHOCTb

My3bIKaJibHO-HCTopHqecKHH: rro.nxo.n B rrpo:uecce CAywaHUR MY3blKu ITOMoraeT yqam;HMCH OTHeCTH TO mm HHOe HBJieHHe K orrpe.n;eJieHHOH HCTOpHqecKOH 3IIOXe H apryMeHTHpoBaTb rrpH 3TOM CBOIO
II03H:UHIO.

HcnoAHumeAbCICaR oeRmeAbHOCmb c rrpHBJieqeHHeM MY3bIKaJibHOHCTOpHqecKHx 3HaHHH ITOMoraeT yqam;HMCH BOITJIOTHTb MY3bIKa.JlbHbIH

o6pa3 Ha OCHOBe CJIO)J(HBIIIHXCH y HHX MY3bIKa.JlbHO-CJiyxOBbIX rrpe.nCTaBJieHHH 11 3HaHHH 0 MY3bIKe KOHKpeTHOH 3ITOXH.

B rrpo:uecce MY3bt1COJlbH0-1COMno3uu,uoHH020 meop11ecmea MY3bIKaJibHO-HCTOpHqecKHe 3HaHHH ITOMOraIOT yqam;11MCH TaIOKe rrpH coq11HeHHH MY3bIKH B .n;yxe KaKoro-JIH6o HCTOPHKO-CTHJieBoro HarrpaBJieHHH.
TaK, Harrp11Mep, 3HaHHH o KJiacc11qecKoH: Jia.n;o<l>YHKUHOHaJibHOH rapMoH11qecKoH: OCHOBe (T D - T) ITOMoraIOT HM B C03.L{aHHH pa3-

s-

3TOT BH.L{ .L{eHTeJibHOCTH rrpe.n;rrOJiaraeT 06beOUHeHue OBYX U/IU 6011,ee

euooe xyooJH:ecmBeHHou oeRme.nbHocmu B oiJHo u,e11,oe. IlpH 3TOM o.n;HHM
113 HHX HerrpeMeHHO HBJIHeTCH KaKaH-JIH6o pa3HOBH.L{HOCTb My3bIKa.JlbHOH .nes:i:TeJibHOCTH. B ocHoBe rnKo:H rroJI11xy.n;oxeCTBeHHOH no cBoe:H
rrpHpo.n;e .L{eHTeJibHOCTH MOXeT nexaTb COI03 MY3bIKH 11 H306pa311TeJibHoro HCKYCCTBa, MY3bIKH H JI11Tepazypbr, MY3bIKH H HCKYCCTBa .n;BHxeHHH, MY3bIKH 11 TeaTpa H T. rr.
HCKYCCTBO, - KaK OTMeqaeT B. B. Me.nYIIIeBcKH:H, - yqHT rrepex11BaHHIO rny6oKoro po.n;c'TBa c MHPOM H qeJIOBeqecTBOM; ITOCTH)K:e-

Horo po.n;a HMilpOBH3a:UHH B COOTBeTCTBYJOIUeM CTHJie 1

B Kaqecrne rrp11Mepa 11cTopHqecKoro rro.nxo.na K 03HaKoMJieHHIO yqa-

HHe xe HCKYCCTB B HX BHYfPeHHHX CBH3HX YCHJIHBaeT 3TO qYBCTBO

MHOfOKpaTH0 1
B rronHo:H Mepe .n;aHHoe yTBep)K:.L{eH11e MoxeT 6bITb oTHeceHo KO

IUHXCH c PYCCKOH MY3bIKa.JlbHOH KYJibTYPOH rrpHBe.L{eM <fJparMeHT 113

pa60TbI CTY.L{eHTKH MIIfY C. CTpeJIKOBo:H, rrocBHIUeHHo:H 113yqeH11IO
Tpa.n;11:u11H: pyccKoro KOJIOKOJibHOfO 3BOHa.

" BCeM pa3HOBH.L{HOCTHM MYJblKa.JlbHO OpHeHTHpOBaHHOH llOJIHxy.n;oxeCTBeHHOH .L{eHTeJibHOCTH. IlpH 3TOM Heo6XO.L{HMO yqHThIBaTb, ~o rnaBHbIM HCTOqHHKOM Bcex CBH3eH H rrepeKJIHqeK Me)K:.L{y pa3JIJ1qHblMH

B HCTOPHH pa3BHTHH MHposoii: MY3hIKaJihHOii: KYJibTYPhI KOJIOKOJihHbie

3BOHhI npe.n;cTaBJIHIOT co6oii: yHHKaJihHOe HBJieHHe. Oco6oe 3HaqeHHe oHH

' BH.L{aMH HCKYCCTBa BbICTYfiaeT )J(H3Hb, KOTOPYJO HCKYCCTBO OTpa)K:aeT

H .n;yxoBHO rrpeo6pa)K:aeT.

HMeIOT B Haweii: CTpaHe, r.ne KOJIOKOJibHbIH 3BOH HCilOKOH BeKOB HBJIHJICH qaCTbIO .n;yxosHoii: )l(l!JHH pyccKoro qeJioseKa. Ceii:qac, Kor.na B PoccHH nosceMeCTHO B03pO)IGl;aIOTCH u:epKBH, xpaMbl -

HCTOpHqeCKHe naMHTHHKH CTaPHHbI,

H C'IHTaIO He06X0.11;HMbIM 3HaKOMHTb .neTeii: c Tpa.11;HU:HHMH 6bITOBaHHH KOJIOKOJibHbIX 3BOHOB CKB03b npH3MY Hawero BpeMeHH, a TaKJKe c BTOpoii: :lKH3-

XapaKTep113yH TaKoro po.na CBH3H, B. B. Me.nYIIIeBCKHH Bhr.n;enHeT

B rrepBYJO oqepe.n;b o6m;HOCTb TeM - 3arrpocoB )J(H3HH K HCKYCCTBY,
Toro, 0 qeM OHO .L{OJIXHO rroBeCTBOBaTb: MHP, qeJioBeK, rrp11po.na,
C06bITHH HCTOpHH 11 rnaBHOe - HaIIIa COBpeMeHHOCTb. 3To TaIOKe CBH-

.naeT B03MO)KHOCTb WKOJibHHKaM IlOqyBCTBOBaTb H OC03HaTb Hepa3pbJBffYIO CBH3b

311 xy.noxecTBeHHbIX H.L{e:H - rrpHH:UHITHa.JlbHbIX OTBeTOB HCKYCCTBa Ha

3anpOCbI )J(H3HH. 3TO 11 po.n;CTBO xy.n;oxecTBeHHbIX o6pa30B, B KOTOpbIX
BbrnBJIHIOT ce6H H.L{eH. HaKoHe:U, 3TO cooTBeTCTBHH Bbrpa3HTeJibHbIX
cpe.n;CTB - 3ByqaHHM, JIHHHH, KpacOK. qeM Jiarnee BH.L{HTCH Beeb 3TOT
aHCaM6Jib CBH3e:H, TeM ITOJIHee llOHHMaHHe OTHOIIIeHHH HCKYCCTBa K

speMeH, npocJie.n;HTh npeeMCTBeHHOCTb B paJBHTHH MYJhIKaJibHOii: KYJibTypbI H

HenpeMeHHOe B03BpameHHe K y)Ke npoii:.n;eHHOMY ::nany, HO Ha HOBOM ypOBHe.
Ilpe.11;JIO:lKeHHaH CTy,n;eHTKOH Ha OCHOBe cneU:HaJibHO npose.n;eHHOH pa6o-

" :xrn:3HH, TeM nerqe BOHTH B M11p xy.n;oxecTBeHHoro co.u;epxaH11H, om;yTHTb ero orpOMHOCTb, llO~CTBOBaTb CHJIY ero rrpeo6pa)K:aIOm;ero B03.u;e:HcTBHH Ha )J(H3Hb, JIHqHOCTb qeJIOBeKa2.

Tbl B WKOJJe M0.11;eJJb H3yqeHHH TPMHU:HH pyccKoro KOJIOKOJibHOfO 3BOHa Ha

B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT rre.narorHqecKo:H :uenH xapaKmep B3aUMOCBR3u

MeJH:oy BUOaMU ucJCyccmea MOJH:em 6btmb pa31lU'IHblM. PaccMoTpHM 3TO

HbIO KOJIOKOJibHbIX 3BOHOB B npocl>eCCHOHaJibHOM MY3bIKaJibHOM HCKYCCTBe.

Cy,n;h6a KOJIOKOJihHOro 3BOHa HBJIHeTCH o.n;HHM H3 H:pKHX npHMepos Toro,
KaK Ka)IGl;Oe IlOKOJieHHe OTKpbIBaeT MH ce6H: HOBbie rpaHH B HCKYCCTBe npoWJIOfO. ApKa, nepe6poweHHM qepe3 BeKa, OT o.n;Horo xy,n;o)KHHKa K .n;pyroMY,

ypoKax MY3hIKH npe.nnoJiaraeT nocTeneHHoe, see 6oJiee my6oKoe nocTH:lKeHHe pe6eHKOM HCTOpHqeCKHX cse.neHHH B 3TOH o6JiaCTH H HaKOilJieHHe CJiyXOBOfO OilbITa.
TaK, MJia.n;wHe wKOJihHHKH npHo6peTaIOT 3HaHHH H yqaTcH pa3JIH'IaTb Ha
CJiyx pyCCKHe H 3ana.n;Hoesponei1cKHe KOJIOKOJlbHhie 3BOHbI, noJiyqaIOT npe.nCTaBJieHHe 06 OCHOBHbIX :lKaHpOBbIX BH.n;ax KOJIOKOJibHbIX 3BOHOB Ha PycH,
HMHTHpyIOT KOJIOKOJlbHbIH 3BOH B CBOeH HHCTpyMeHTaJibHOH H rresqecKOH

Ha rrpHMepe MY3bIKaJibHO-1macTHqecKo:H .n;eHTeJibHOCTH.

BbIHBJIHH acrreKTbI B3aHMOCBH3H MY3bIKH H HCKYCCTBa .L{BHXeHHH,
CJie.uyeT OTMeTHTb, qTo B COOTBeTCTBHH c xapaKTepoM B3aHMOCBH3H B
. Hett MY3bIKa.JlbHOro H ITJiaCTHqecKoro ICOMnOHeHmOB - HX HepapmqecKOH corro.u;qHHeHHOCTH HJIH rrapHTeTHOCTH -

MOryT 6bITb BbIJJ;eJieHbl

.n Ba

OCHOBHOH WKOJie yqamHeCH 3HaKOMHTCH c HCTOpHeH C03.11;aHHH KOJIO-

T 11 rr a MY3bIKaJibHO-ITJiacTHqecKo:H .ueHTeJibHOCTH:
BCITOMOraTeJibHO-JJ;H.L{aKTHqecKaH, HarrpaBJieHHaH Ha peIIIeH11e

KOJibHOfO HCKYCCTBa Ha PycH, c pa3JIH'IHbIMH pa3HOBH.11;HOCTHMH KOJIOKOJib-

rrpeHMYIIIeCTBeHHO TeXHHqecKHX yqe6HbIX 3a.n;aq H He rrpe.urronaraIO-

.n;eH:TeJibHOCTH, B 06pa3u;ax MY3bIKaJibHO-KOMil03HU:HOHHOfO TBopqecTBa.

HbIX 3BOHOB H HX npeTBopeHHeM B TBOpqecTBe pyCCKHX KOMII03HTOPOB.

1 Me .n y III e B c K 11 H:
1 CM.: TI e T p y III 11 H B. M. <I>opM11posatt11e My3hIKaJibHOro TBopqecTBa rro.npocTKOB Ha na.uorapMOHHqeCKOH OCHOBe: .[{He .. KaH.ll. rre.u. H3YK. - M., 1976.

110

1984. - N2 1. 2

c. 31.

B. B. My3b!Ka B ceMbe HCKYCCTB 11 My3hIKa B IIIKOne. '

TaM }l(e. - C. 32.

111

ru;aH Henocpe.n;CTBeHHOro BbIXO.n;a yqa:ru;HXCH Ha xy.n;o)l(eCTBCHHO-o6pa3HOe nocTH)l(eHHe MY3bIKH;

xy,n;o)l(eCTBeHHO-o6pa3HaH, Kor.n;a Ha nepBbIH I1JiaH B Hew BbI.n;BHraeTCH co6cTBeHHO xy,n;o)l(eCTBeHHOe Haqrum.
fJiaBHOe npe.n;Ha3HaqeHHe BCDOMOfaTeJILHO-,ll.H,llaKTJ111eCKOH MY3bIKaJibHO-ITJiaCTHqecKOH .n;eHTeJibHOCTH - C03,l(aTb HaH6onee 6naronpHHTHhle ycnoBHH MH pa3BHTHH y yqa:ru;HXCH MYJbIKaJI1>Ho-cnyxoB1>1x
npe.n;CTaBJieHHH 0 npocTpaHCTBeHHO-BpeMeHHbiX COOTHOIIIeHHHX B
MY3bIKe nocpe.n;CTBOM nepeBo.n;a 3THX COOTHOIIIeHHH B 3pHTeJibHO-

ITJiaCTJfqecKHMH cpe,n;CTBaMH pa3JIJfqHOH CTeneHH conpH)l(eHHOCTH

Me)l(,)Jy 3BYKaMH, onpe.n;enmo:ru;ell:cH ycTpeMJieHHOCTblO HHTOHaUHOHHoro npouecca, TO BHHMaHHe yqa:ru;HXCH cocpe.n;oToqHBaeTCH npeHMYmecTBeHHO Ha TOM, KaK ocyru;eCTBJIHeTCH nepexoo OT o.n;Horo 3BYKa K
.n;pyroMy. TaKHM o6pa3oM, rnaBHbIM CTaHOBHTCH nepe.n;aqa npo:u;eccyan1>HocTH (HenpepbIBHOCTH) HHTOHaunoHHoro pa3BHTHH. B 3TOM cnyqae 3BYKOBhICOTHbie COOTHOIIIeHHH B MY3bIKaJibHO-ITJiaCTHqecKOM .n;eHTeJibHOCTH, ocyru;ecTBJIHeMOH yqa:ru;HMHCH, pacKpbIBalOTCH yxe Ha
u Hm OH au. UOH HOM (ICOHm u HYO/l bH OM) ypo (J He.
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116

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117

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118

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B ce6H, IIOCTH)l{eHHe-rro3HaHHe MY3bIKH (ee CMbICJia) CTaHOBHTCH

Porcher L. L'education estetique: luxe'bu necessite? - Paris, 1973. - P. 246.

119

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9. PacKpoliTe co.n:ep)!(aHHe pa6oTbl yqHTeJI11 B ccpepe rro.n:roTOBKH yqamnxc11 K HMITpOBH3aU:HH H CO'IHHeHHIO MY3blKH.
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11. OxapaKTepn3yfiTe Kpyr MY3blKaJibHO-ttcToptt'IecKHx 3HaHHH, rroJiyqaeMblX yqam;ttMHC.f.l B HaqaJibHOH H cpe.n:HeH IIIKOJie.
12. KaKHe, Ha Balli B3rJIH.D;, HCTOpnqeCKHe 3HaHH1! .D;OJI)!(Hbl 6b1Tb BKJIIOqeHbI B co.n:ep)!(aHHe MY3hlKaJibHOro o6pa30BaHH1! IIIKOJibHHKOB?
13. B qeM Bbl BH.D;HTe rrpe.n:Ha3HaqeHHe MY3blKaJibHO optteHTHpoBaHHOH
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14.0xapaKTepH3YHTe KOMITOHeHTbI, THilbI, pa3HOBH.D;HOCTH H YPOBHH
MY3blKaJibHo-IlJlaCTHqecKoli .n:e11TeJibHOCTH.
15. KaK Bbl ITOHHMaeTe cym;HOCTb MY3hlKaJibHO orrocpe.n:oBaHHOH .n:e11TeJibHOCTH H ee ne.n:arornqecKoe rrpe.n:Ha3HaqeHne?

PEKOME~YEMAH JIHTEPATYPA
OCHOBHNI
AJI He B IO. B. MeTo.D;ttKa MY3blKaJibHOro BOCITHTaHtt11.n:eTeli (oT .n:eTcKoro
ca.n:a - K HaqaJibHOH IIIKOJie). - BopoHe)l(, 1998.
A JI He B IO. B. HacTOJibHa11 KHHra IIIKOJibHoro Y'fHTeJIH-MY3blKaHTa. - M.,
2000.
Be 3 60 po.no Ba JI.A., AJI u e B IO.B. MeTO.n:HKa nperro.n:aBaHHH MY3blKH
B 06meo6pa3onaTeJihHb1x yqpe)l(.D;eHu11x. - M., 2002.
)I( u Bo B B. JI. Xopoaoe ncnoJIHHTeJibCTBo: TeopHH. MeTO.D;HKa. IlpaKTttKa. - .
M., 2003.
Ka 6 a JI e B c K H H .[I,. B. OcHoBHh1e npttHU:HITbl H MeTO.D;bl nporpaMMhr no
MY3bIKe .D;Jl.f.l 06meo6pa30BaTeJibHOH IIIKOJibl II IlporpaMMHO-MeTO,n:HqecKHe
MaTepHaJibI. My3b1Ka. HaqaJibHaH IIIKOJia. - M., 2001.
My3bIKaJibHoe o6paJoBaHne B IIIKOJie: Yqe6. noco6ne I no.n pe.n:. JI. B. llIKoJIHp. - M., 2001.
IlporpaMMHO-MeTO,nnqecKtte MaTepHaJibI. My3hlKa. HaqaJibHa11 IIIKoJia I
CocT. E. O . .HpeMeHKO. - M., 2001.
CTyJioBa r.n. Teopu11 H npaKTHKa pa60Tbl c .n:eTCKHM xopoM. - M.,
2002.
TeopHH H rrpaKTHKa xopoBoro HCITOJIHHTeJibCTBa: IleBqecKoe pa3BHTMe
pe6eHKa I CocT. 11. B. KanttIII, Hayq. pe,n. JI. n ..[1,yraHOBa. - M., 1999.
XaJia6y3apb n.B., nonoa B.C. Teoptt1!HMeTO.D;HKaMy3bIKaJibHOro
BocrrttTaHu11: Yqe6. rroco6ue. - 2-e H3,n. - Cn6., 2000 .

.[I, 0 n OJIHl1T EJibHNI

A 6 .n: y JI JI H H 3. B. Teopu11 u rrpaKTwKa MY3blKaJihHoro 06yqeHtt11 B o6meo6pa3oBaTeJibHOH lllKOJie: Y'Ie6. rroco611e. - M., 1983.
120

ArrpaKcH Ha O.A. MeTO.U:HKa MY3blKaJihHoro aocnHTaHHH B IIIKOJie: Yqe6.

noco6ue. - M., 1983.
A p 'I a)!( H HK 0 Ba JI. r. Ilpocpecctt.f.l - yqHTeJih MY3blKH: KHttra .D;Jl.f.l yqHTeJI.f.l. - M., 1984.
Ko III M H Ha 11. B. Me)l(fipe.n:MeTHhie CBH3H B Ha'IaJihHOH IIIK0Jie: Y'Ie6. noco6ue. - M., 2003.
Ky JI 11 Ko Ba H. <I>. 0 pa6oTe c HeTO'IHO HHTOHttpy10m;HMH yqam;ttMttc11
nepsoro KJiacca ( ry.n:oIIIHlfKaMH) 11 My3blKaJibHoe aocnttTaHtte B IIIKOJie I
COCT. O.AAnpaKCHHa. -Bbln.11.-M., 1976.
JI an Te B 11. r. OpKeCTP B KJiacce? .[I.a! Y'Ie6. noco6ue. - 2-e H3.U:. - AcTPaxaHb, 1999.
Me .n: y III e B c K H H B. B. 0 npoucxo)l(.D;eHHH H CYIIJ;HOCTH cepbe3HOH MY3blKHYI My3bIKa B IIIKOJie. - 2002. - N2 4.
M eJI HK - n a IIIae B A.A., H 0BJI11 H c Kall 3. H. KaK ou:eHHBaTb xy.n:o)l(eCTBeHHOe TBOp'IecTBo pe6eHKa? 11 11cKyccTBO B IIIKOJie. - 2002. - N2 3.
Me Ha 6 e H H A. r. BoKaJibHbie yrrpa)l(HeHH.f.l B pa6oTe c .n:eTbMH 11 My3hIKaJlbHOe socnHTaHtte B IIIKOJie I CocT. O.A.AnpaKcttHa. - Bbm. 13. - M., 1978.
0 B 'I H H H HK o Ba T. H. Xop 11 IlporpaMMbI .D;JIH BHeIIIKOJibHbIX yqpe)l(.D;eHHH u o6meo6pa3osaTeJibHbIX IIIKOJI. My3bIKa. - M., 1986.
n e p e JI b III Te H Ha c r. r. HeKOTOpbre BOITpOCbI MY3hIKaJibHOro BOCilHTaHH.f.l B xope MaJibqHKOB H IOHOIIIeli 11 My3hIKaJibHOe BOCITHTaHHe B UIKOJie I
CocT. 0.A.AnpaKcHHa. - Bbin. 10. - M., 1975.
fl H JI H 'I 11 y CKa C A. A. fl03HaHHe MY3bIKH KaK BOCilHTaTeJibHa.f.l rrpo6JieMa: noco6tte ,tiJrn Y'fHTeJI.f.l. - M., 1992.
e pre e Ba r. n. HOTHa.f.l rpaMOTa Ha ypoKax MY3bIKH 11 My3bIKa B IIIKOJie. - 1985. - N2 2.
Ty JI 0 Ba r. n. PaJBHTHe .n:eTCKOro roJioca B npou:ecce o6yqeHHH neHmo. -

c
c

M., 1992.
Te B JI H Ha B. K. BoKaJibHo-xoposa11pa6orn11 MYJbIKaJihHoe socnHTaHtte I
CocT. O.A.AnpaKcHHa. - Bbirr. 15. - M., 1982.
Tepe HT be Ba H. A. Xy,no)!(eCTBeHHO-TBOp'IecKoe pa3BHTHe UIKOJibHHKOB
Ha ypoKax MY3hIKH B rrpou:ecce u:eJIOCTHOfO BOCilpHHTH.f.l pa3JIH'IHbIX BH.D;OB
HCKYCCTBa. - M., 1990.

f JI AB A 7. METO,IIJ>I MY3blKAJibHOfO

OBPA30BAHHH

MeTO.n;h1 MY3hIKa.JihHoro socnHTaHmr

H o6yqeHHH e.n;HHhI no csoett HanpasJieHHOCTH. 06yqeHHe OTJIHqaeTCH H BOCIlHThlBaIOw;MM, H pa3BHBaIOw;HM xapaKTepoM. fI03TOMY MeTO.l(hl o6yqeHMH 3HaHHHM H HaBhIKaM .l(OJI)l(Hhl He TOJihKO
o6oraTMTh pe6eHKa YMeHMeM neTh, TaHQeBaTh, nrpaTh Ha .n;eTCKHX MY3hIKa.JihHhIX MHCTpyMeHTax, HO H IlOMOqh peUieHHIO BOCilHTaTeJihHhIX 3a.l(aq, HanpaBJieHHhIX Ha o6w;ee H MY3hIKa.JihH0-3CTeTMqecKoe paJBHTHe pe6eHKa.

H.A.BeTJiyrHHa

B ne.z:r;aron1Ke MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oaamrn: no.z:r;

MemoooM

B utupo-

ICOM CMbtC./le CJIOBa nOHHMaeTCH COBOKynHOCTb ne.z:r;arorHtJeCKHX cnoco-

6oB, HanpaBJieHHbIX Ha pernettHe Ja.z:r;aq H ocaoeHHe co.z:r;ep:x<:attmi: My3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH.

B Y3KOM CMblC./le cnoaa MeTo.z:r; paccMaTp1rnaeTcH KaK TO HJIH HHoe
cpe.z:r;crno, npHeM, HanpaBJieHHbie Ha pa3BHTHe onbITa 3MOUHOHaJibHo-:u;eHHOCTHOro OTHOIIIeHHH K My3bIKe, KyJlbTypbI 11YBCTB, Ha OCBOeHHe MY3bIKaJibHbIX 3HaHHH:, YMeHHH: H HaBbIKOB, on1>1Ta MY3bIKaJibHoH: yqe6Ho-rnop11eCKOM ,ll;CHTeJibHOCTH, Ha <PopMHpOBaHHe My3bIKaJibHbIX HHTepecoB, noTpe6HOCTeH:, BKyca; 06I.UHX H MY3bIKaJibHbIX cnoC06HOCTeH:, naMHTH, MbIIIIJieHHH, B006pIDKeHHH H .z:r;p.
Cpe.z:r;H MeTo.z:r;oa MY3bIKaJibHoro o6paJoBaHHH MO)KHO BbI.z:r;eJIHTb 06me.z:r;H.z:r;aKTHtJecKHe, nonyqa10mHe caoe cne:u;mpH11ecKoe npenoMJieHHe
Ha MY3bIKaJibHbIX JaHHTHHX, H co6crneHHO MY3bIKaJibH1>1e MeTo.z:r;1>1.

7.1. CilE_QHCl>HKA IlPHMEHEHIDI OBIII;E)l;ImAK'fWIECKHX

METO,L(OB HA MY3blKAJILHblX 3AIDITHHX
KaK HJBeCTHo, B o6meH: ne.z:r;aromKe yrnep.z:r;HJiac1> noJH:QHH; cornacilo KOTopo~ MeTO,ll;bl no.z:r;pa3.z:r;eJIHIOTCH Ha MeTO,ll;bI o6yqeHHH H
MeTo.z:r;1>1 BocnHTaHmr. B ne.z:r;arorHKe My3bIKaJibHoro 06paJ0BaHm1, cne:u;mpHKy KOTOpoH: onpe.z:r;eJIHeT MY3bIKa KaK HCKyCCTBO, rpaHb Me)l(,ll;y
BOCnHTaHHeM H o6yqeHHeM B 3HatJHTeJibHOM CTeneHH CTHpaeTCH. KaK
CJie.z:r;CTBHe 3Toro cnrpaeTCH rpaHb H Me)l(,ll;y MeTO.z:r;aMH MY3bIKaJibHOro
o6yqeHHH H MeTO.z:r;aMH MY3bIKaJibHOro BOCnHTaHHH, Ka)l(,ll;bIM H3 KOT0-

pbIX, KaK npaBHJIO, BbIITOJIHHeT H o6yqaIOI.UYIO, H BOCnHTbIBaIOI.UYIO

<l>YHK:u:HH.
B o6w,eu neoacocu1Ce npHHHTbI pa3Hoo6pa3Hbie KJiaCCH<l>HKauirn
MeTO,ll;OB: no HCTOtJHHKy 3HaHJIM (CJIOBeCHbIM, HarJIH,rr;HbIM H T . .z:r;.), no
HX Ha3HatJeHHIO (npHo6peTeHHe 3HaHHM, <t>opMHpOBaHHe YMeHHM H
HaBbIKOB H T . .z:r;.), no xapaKTepy n03HaBaTeJibHOM .z:r;eHTeJibHOCTH (06'.bHCHHTeJlbHO-HJIJIIOCTpaTHBHbIH, penpO,ll;YKTHBHbIM, 3BpHCTH1JeCKHH H
T . .z:r;.), no .z:r;H.z:r;aKT1111ecKHM ue;rnM (MeTo.z:r;1>1, cnoco6cTBYIOI.UHe nepa1111HOMY ycaoeHHIO MaTep11aJia, ero JaKpeITJieHHIO H T . .z:r;.). Bee OHM npHMeHHMbI H B ne.n:arorHKe MY3bIKaJibHOro o6pa3oBaHHH.
Caoero po.ua MeTaMeTO.UOM, OTHOCHI.UHMCH K 3TOM c<t>epe o6pa30BaHHH, HBJIHeTcH MeTo.n; cpaeueuHJ1 BO Bcex ero pa3HOBH.z:r;HOCTHX. OH
rnHpoKo npHMeHHeTCH B MY3bIKaJibHOM o6pa3oBaHHH, nocKOJibKY oTae11aeT CJiyxOBOM npttpo.n:e MY3bIKaJibHOro HCKyCCTBa H npe.n:noJiaraeT
Ha6JIIO,UeHHe (TepMHH E. B.Aca<t>beBa) 3a KOHTpacTHbIMH H TO)l(,ll;eCTBeHHbIMH 3JieMeHTaMH MY3bIKaJibHOM TKaHH Ha Bcex ee ypoBHHX.
I1MeeTCH B BH.z:r;y npHMeHeHHe 3TOro MeTo.n:a no OTHOIIIeHHIO K TaKHM nepB03JieMeHTaM MY3bIKaJibHOro MaTepHaJia, KaK, HanpHMep,
CHJlbHbie H CJia61>1e ,UOJIH TaKTa, forte H piano, conoCTaBJieHHe pa3JIH1JHbIX TeMnOB, TeM6poB H T . .n;., KOTOpbie paCCMaTpHBaIOTCH KaK 06IIIHpHaH o6JiaCTb PHTMHtJeCKHX, .ll:HHaMHtJeCKHX, TeM6pOBbIX KOHTpaCTOB.
KoHTpaCTbI npocne:xmaaIOTCH H B pa3JIHtJHbIX cnoco6ax opraHH3aUHH MY3bIKaJibHOM TKaHH B HHCTpYMeHTaJibHOM H BOKaJibHOM MY3bIKe, B TOM tJHCJie BepTHKaJibHOe H ropH30HTaJibHOe nHCbMO, roMo<t>oHHH H nOJIH<l>OHHH, YHHCOH H MHororoJIOCHOe nocTpOeHHe, TeMa H
OKpyxaIOI.UHM ee <Pott H T.,U.
Ilo CJIOBaM E. B.Aca<t>beBa, Ha OCHOBHOM .n:paMaTHtJeCKOM npoTHBOnOJIOJKeHHH ,UByx TeM HJIH ,UByx TeMaTMtJeCKHX OT,UeJIOB 3H)l(,ll;eTCH
aec1> CMbICJI pa3BHTHH 1 Pa3BHBM 3Ty MbICJib, 11ccne,n:oBaTeJI1> BbI.z:r;eJIHeT TaKHe conoCTaBJieHHH B My3bIKe, KOTOpbie MOryT 6bITb Ha3BaHbI
apxHTeKTOHHtJeCKHMH, T. e. BH.z:r;bI CHMMeTpHtJHbIX H aCHMMeTpHtJHbIX o6pa30BaHHM.
C ne.n:arortt11ecKHX noJHUHM E. B.Aca<t>1>ea CtJHTaeT npHHUHnHanbHO 3HatJHMbIMH TaKHe KOHTpaCTbI, KaK: conoCTaBJieHHe nbeC pa3HbIX
X<:aHpoB, pa3JIH1JHbIX nptteMOB 3BYKOnHCH, np03bI H CTHXa, HMnpOBH3aUHOHHOro H3JIOJKeHHH co CTporo KaHOHHtJeCKHM H T.,n:. 2.
Ha MY3bIKaJibHbIX 3aHHTHHX MeTo.n: cpaaHeHHH BbICTyITaeT B caMhlX
pa3JIH1JHbIX MO.UH<l>HKauirnx:
Memo{)

6blR6JleHUR

CXOOCm6a

U pa3AU'1UR, KOTOpbIM

LJ:. E. Ka6aJieBCKHM BbI.z:r;eJIHeT B Ka11ecrne o.n:Horo HJ BIDKHeMIIIHX B MY1

Ac a cl> he a E. B. IlpHHUHrr KOHTpacTa a MY3hIKe H ero MeTO.lllf'lecKBH pOJib B
nocTaHOBKe 3BHHTHti: no cJiy1.1.iaHHJO MY3b!KM 11 Acacl>LeB E. B. lfa6paHHbie CTaThH o
MY3hIKBJihHOM rrpocsemeHHH H o6pa3oaaH~H I ITo.u pe.u. E. M. OpJioaoti:. - M.; JI.,

1965. -

c. 86.

2 TaM :lKe.

....,_

122
123

3blKaJlbHOM o6pa3oBamm. llo ero MHemno, 3TOT MeTO)l MO)!(eT 6bITb

HCIIOJib30~aH HaqHHasI OT BOCIIpmITIDI H OC03HaHIDI MaJieitnmx "cTpoHTeJibHbIX" 3JieMeHTOB MY3b1KH BIIJIOTb .n:o pa3JIHqeHHH IIOJIHOH HeCXO)!(eCTH HJIH, HanpOTHB, 3HaqHTeJibHOH 6JIH30CTH TBopqecKHx CTHJieit pa3HbIX KOMII03HTOpOB 1;

M em 0 0 U 0 e H m U </JU K a l{ U U - OTO)IQJ;eCTBJieHHe npe,n;MeTOB,

06'beKTOB, HBJieHHH, npoueccoB, HX on03HaHHe (KaK, HanpHMep, Y3HaBaHHe 3HaKOMoro npOH3Be,D;eHHH cpe.n:H .n:pyrHx);
M em 0 0 n e p e K 0 0 Up 0 6 a H UR - npe,D;CTaBJieHHe CO,D;ep)!(aHIDI
B HHOH 3HaKOBOH CHCTeMe (K npHMepy, Bblpa)!(eHHe My3bIKaJibHOro o6pa3a cpe.n:cTBaMH My3blKaJlbHO-IIJiaCTHqecKoro HHTOHHpOBaHIDI) H .n:p.
3TH MeTo,n;1>1 MOryT npHMeHHTl>CH B TOH HJIH HHoit Mepe npH pemeHHH mo6oit H3 3a,n;aq MY3b1KaJlbHOfO o6pa30BaHHH. Ka)K)lblH H3 HMX
no-pa3HOMy npOHBJIHeTCH B TOM HJIH HHOM BH,n;e MY3bIKaJibHOH .n:e.srTeJibHOCTH, Haxo.n:.sr CBOe cneumtmqecKoe BOIIJIOI.UeHHe. llpH 3TOM
npoBe.n:eHHe cpaBHeHHH Tpe6yeT oco6oit CJiyxoBoit Ha6mo.n:aTeJII>HOcTH co CTOpOHbI yqamHXCH.

llpn HaKoIIJieHHH on1>1Ta MY3I>IKaJil>HO-TBopqecKoit yqe6Hoit ,n;e.srTeJI1>HOCTH MeTO)lbl HarJIH,D;HO-CJIYXOBOfO noKa3a npHMeHHJOTCH )l.JIH
.n:eMOHCTpau;HM npHMepa BbIIIOJIHeHHH TBOpqecKoro 3a,D;aHHH yqmeJieM HJIH yqamHMHCH, cnoco6oB pa60TbI c npe,D;JiaraeMl>IMH )l.JIH KOMII03HUHH MO,n;eJIHMH H T.,n;.
CJioeecuLre MeTo.zu,1 npH paccMoTpeHHH KOHKpeTHoro MY3I>IKaJil>Horo HBJieHHH HMeJOT .ll:BOHKOe npe,n;Ha3HaqeHHe.
O,D;HOM CTOPOHbI,
OHM noMoraIOT yqaI.UHMCH OCMbICJIHTb, OC03HaTb noJiyqeHHbie MY3blKaJlbHO-CJiyxOBbie npe,n;CTaBJieHHH H nepeBeCTH HX B npHBbJqHYIO )l.JIH
HHX CJIOBeCHYJO cJ:>opMy.
,n;pyroit - onepHpOBaTb B CBOHX pacc~e
HHHX 06menpHHHT1>IMH MY3I>IKaJII>HI>IMH TepMHHaMH. llpn 3TOM Ba)!(Heii:mee 3HaqeHHe HMeeT o6pa3HasI CTOpOHa CJIOBeCHOfO BbICKa3bIBaHHH.

7.2. CilEIJ;HA.JlbHbIE METO,IJ;bl MY3blKAJibHOfO

OBPA30BAHIUI

MeTo,n; cpaBHeHHH MO)!(eT npttMeHHTl>CH He TOJII>Ko no OTHomeHHJO

K CaMHM MY3blKaJibHbIM npOH3Be,n;eHHHM, HO H K HX pa3JIHqHbIM HC-

nOJIHHTeJibCKHM TpaKTOBKaM. Oco6oe 3HaqeHHe OH npHo6peTaeT B

HCnOJIHHTeJibCKOH .n:eHTeJibHOCTH, HafJIH,D;HO .n:eMOHCTpHpy.sr o6pa3I.J;bI
npaBHJlbHOro HJIH HenpaBHJibHOfO BJia,D;eHMH HCnOJIHHTeJibCKHMH HaBblKaMH H T.)l. 3TOT Mero.n: npHMeHHeTCH ,D;JIH pa3BHTHH CJiyxOBbIX M
3pMTeJibHbIX npe,n;CTaBJieHHH, accounau;Hit H ,n;p. B HX B3aMMOCBH3H.
XapaKTepn3y.sr o6me.n:H,n;aKTHqecKHe MeTo,n;1>1, Heo6xo.n:nMo OTMeTHTI>, qTo nptt paCCMOTpeHHH Toro HJIH HHoro MY3bIKaJlbHOfO cJ:>eHoMeHa (TBopqecTBa KOMn03HTopa, cpe,n;cTBa My3bIKaJibHOH Bbipa3HTeJibHOCTH H ,n;p.), ne,n;aror-My3bIKaHT, KaK rrpaBHJIO, H.ll:eT OT CJiyxOBblX
HarJIH,D;HbIX MeTO.ll:OB (npocJiymHBaHHe-noKa3 HOBoro My3bIKaJibHOro
HBJieHHH, cJ:>opMHpoBaHHe nepBHqHblX MY3b1KaJI1>Ho-cJiyxoBblX npe,n;cTaBJieHHit 0 HeM H ,n;p.) K MeTo,n:aM CJIOBeCHbIM, npe,n;noJiara10mHM
OnHcaHHe HBJieHHH B Bep6aJibHOit cJ:>opMe.
PaccMoTpHM c 3THX no3HUMit MeTO.ll:I>I HarJIH,D;Ho-cJiyxoBoro noKa3a H CJIOBeCHbie MeTO.ll:bI.

MeTo.zu,1 uarJUmuo-c.nyxoeoro nOKa3a B CJiymaTeJII>CKoit ,n;e.si:TeJI1>HOCTH noJiyqaJOT CBOe Bblpa)!(eHHe rJiaBHbIM o6pa30M B ,n;eMOHCTpaUHH yqamHMCH KaKoro-JIH6o MY3b1KaJI1>Horo npott3Be,n;eHHH (cpe.n;cTB
Bbipa3HTeJibHOCTH, HCnOJIHHTeJibCKHX HHTepnpernunH: H ,n;p.).
Te )Ke MeTO.ll:I>I B ncnoJIHHTeJII>CKOH ,n;eHTeJI1>HOCTH MOryT 61>1T1> npe,n;CTaBJieHI>I CJie;tyIOmttM o6pa30M: noKa3 He TOJibKO onpe.n:eJieHHoro My3bIKaJlbHOfO npOH3Be,n;eHHH, HO H Heo6xo,n;HMOro KaqecTBa neBqecKoro
3ByqaHHH, cnoco6oB ero .ll:OCTJf)J(eHHH B )!(HBOM HcnoJIHeHHH H ,n;p.
1
Ka 6 a JI e B c K Hit .[(. E. OcHOBHhie rrpHHI.lHIIhl H MeTO.llhl rrporpaMMhI no MYJhIKe
.llJIH o6meo6paJoaareJihHoit lllKOJihI // IlporpaMMHO-Mero.nwi:ecKHe Marep11aJibI. MyJhIKa. HaqaJihHaH lllKOJia. - M., 2001. - C. 20.

124

HapH.n;y c o6mene.n:arorHqecKHMH Mero.n:a!\rn B ne,n;aromKe MY31>IKaJI1>Horo o6pa30BaHIDI ccJ:>opMHPOBaJIHCb H cneUHaJibHbie - co6cTBeHHO MY31>1Kan1>H1>1e MeTo,n;1>1.
3To npe)K)le Bcero MeTo.zu,1, oxeaTMearoIUHe pa3HLre BH.IU>I MY3MKaJILHOii ,IJ;eBTeJibHOCTH )"18IQHXCB.
3 bt

Memoo 3MOl{UOHOJlbHOU opaMamypzuu Ha ypoKe MyKu (L(. E. Ka6aneBcKHit, 3. E.A6,n;yJIJIHH).

M,n;e10 co3,n;aHHH ypoKa KaK CBoeo6pa3Horo npou3eeoeHUR, HanpaB-

JieHHoro Ha peanH3aUHJO e,n;nHo:H ueJIH, BnepB1>1e B o6me:H ne,n;arorHKe Bbl.ll:BHHYJI M. H. CKaTKHH. 3Ta Ml>ICJII> oqeHI> 6JIH3Ka K noHHMaHHIO
ypoKa MY3I>IKH KaK ypoKa HCKYCCTBa. Pa3YMeeTcH, B pean1>Ho:H npaKTHKe TPY.ll:HO C03,n;aTb H BOIIJIOTHTb Ka)!(.ll:bIH ypoK KaK My3bIKaJibHOne.n:aromqecKoe npoH3Be,n;eHHe. 0,n;HaKo, Kor,n;a yqHTeJIJO y,n;aeTCH 3TO
c.n:eJiaTb, 3cJ:>cJ:>eKT OT TaKOro 3aHHTHH B nJiaHe ero 3MOUHOHaJibH03CTeTHqecKoro B03,D;eHCTBHH Ha yqamHXCH, C03,n;aHHH oco6o:H .n:yxoBHOH aTMoccJ:>ep1>1 HeH3MepHMO B03pacrneT.
Mero,n; 3MOUHOHaJI1>Ho:H ,n;paMazypnm HanpaBJieH Ha co3,n;aHHe ypoKa, B KOTOpOM HMeeT MeCTO onpe,n;eJieHHOe .n: p a M a Ty p r H q e c K 0 e

p e m e H H e:
HeKaH HHTPO.ll:YKUHH, BCTynJieHHe, r.n:e o603HaqaeTCH BeKTOP
3MQUHOHaJibHOH HanpaBJieHHOCTH Bcero ypoKa;
nocTpoeHHe KOMn03HUHH, opraHHqHo coqeTaJOI.UeH KOHTpaCTbl
H cxo,n;cTBo pa3JIHqHI>IX no xapaKTepy MY3I>IKaJI1>H1>rx npoH3Be,n;eHHH,
BH.ll:OB MY3I>IKaJI1>Ho:H .n:e.s1TeJI1>HOCTM yqamHxc.s1, cJ:>opM pa60T1>I, MY31>1KaJI1>H1>1x npOM3Be,n;eHHH, HCnOJIHHeMbIX yqHTeJieM H ,n;eTbMH, H T.,n;.;
HaJIHqHe 3MOUHOHaJil>H0-3cTeTHqecKo:H KYJII>MHHaUHH ypoKa,
CBH3aHHOH co CJiymaHHeM HJIH HCnOJIHettff.eM caMHMH yqamHMHCH
HpKoro xy,n;o)!(eCTBeHHOro npOH3Be,n;eHHH;
'

125

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i

11

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3apaHee rrpo.nYMaHHoe 3aBeprnemrn ypoKa rrpOH3Be.neHHeM orrpe.neJieHHoro HacTpoeHHH H xapaKTepa, JiorHqecKH 3aBep:utaIOIUHM
o6myio MY3hlKaJibHYJO KOMII03HUHIO 3aHHTHH.
~
Mero.u; 3MOUHOHaJihHOH .upaMaTYPrHH He 03HaqaeT Heo6xo.UHMOCTH
TOqHoro CJie,LlOBaHHH cxeMe, B TOM ql{cJie rrpHBe,LleHHOH BhIIIIe. 3.uecb
H3JIO)KeHO JIHIIIb HeKoe TeopeTHqecKoe IIOCTpOeHHe, .uorrycKaIOmee
JII06bie BapHaHTbl, rnopqecKH C03,LlaBaeMble caMHM yqHTeJieM B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT ero MY3hlKaJibHO-IIe.uarorHqecKOH cpaHTa3HH, rrpocpeceHOHaJibHbIX B03MO)KHOeTeH, ypOBHH MY3bIKaJibHOfO H o6mero pa3BHTHH yqamHxe.si:, yeJIOBHH rrpoBe,LleHHH 3aHHTHH.
EoJiee Toro, peaJihHhIH xo.u rrpoBe.neHHH 3aHHTHH MO)KeT BhI3BaTh
He06XO.LlHMOeTb H3MeHeHHH 3apaHee eKOHeTpyHpOBaHHOH .upaMaTYprHH ypoKa, TeM 6oJiee qTO peqh rrpH 3TOM H,!J;eT B rrepBYJO oqepe,Llh o
,LlpaMaTYPrHH 3MOU,UOHOJlbHOU, a 3Ha11um, noaaa10ut,eUCJl U3MeHeHUIO, KOp-

peKmUpOBKe, moMy U/lu UHOMY mBop11ecK0My no xapaKmepy nan0Anenu10.

Me m 0 a . 3 a 6 e z a H u JI 6 n e p e a u 6 0 3 8 p a UI, e H u JI K
npouaeHHOMY Ha HOB OM ypoBHe (.n;.E.Ka6arreBeKHH), U/lUMemoa nepcneKmUBbl u pempocneKmUBbl 6 npou,ecce MY3blKOJlbHOZO 3aHJlmUJI,
pJ1aa ypoKoB, Bcezo npou,ecca MY3btKMbHozo o6pa3oBaHUR (3. E.A6.uyJIJIHH), HarrpaBJieH Ha yeTaHOBJieHHe eaMhlX pa3H006pa3HbIX eBH3eH
Me)K:Ay TeMaMH rrporpaMMhl, KOHKpeTHbIMH MY3blKaJibHbIMH rrpOH3Be,LleHHHMH, cpopMHPYIOIUHMHe.si: MY3hIKaJihHhIMH YMeHHHMH H HaBhIKaMH, OIIbITOM MY3bIKaJibHO-TBOpqeeKOH .ue.si:TeJibHOeTH H T.,Ll.
CJie.noBaHHe 3TOMY MeTo.uy erroeo6ernyeT cpopMHpoBaHHIO B eo3HaHHH yqamHxe.si: ueJioeTHoli KapTHHhI MY3hIKaJihHoro HeKYeeTBa,
rroeJie,LloBaTeJihHOMY H Bee 6oJiee rny60KOMY II03HaHHIO TOH HJIH HHOH
TeMbI, roro HJIH HHOrO 3HaqHTeJihHOfO rrpOH3Be,LleHMH HeKYeeTBa, 6oJiee
3cpcpeKTHBHOMY yeBOeHHIO YMeHHH H HaBbIKOB H T.,Ll.
Memo a MY3btKaAbnozo 0606w,enuJ1 (3.E.A6.uyJIJIHH) HaueJieH Ha yeBOeHHe yqaIUHMHeH KJIJOqeBbIX 3HaHHH, 3aKJI10qeHHbIX B
TeMaTH3Me rrporpaMMhI H HarrpaBJieHHhIX Ha pa3BHTHe MY3hIKaJihHoro
MbIIIIJieHHH.
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yrny6JieHHO IT03HaBaTh MY3bIKY Ha oeHOBe paHee yeBOeHHblX 3HaHHH.

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CMe)K:HblM BH,!J;aM HCKYCCTBa, HCTOPHH, OKp~aromeH: npHpo.ue, K TeM
HJIH HHhIM )KH3HeHHhIM CHTYaUHSIM H T.,ll.). AaHHhIH MeTO.Ll .uaeT B03MO)l<;HoeTh npe,llCTaBHTb MY3hIKY B 6oraTCTBe ee pa3H006pa3HhIX CBSl3ett, ITOHSITb exo.n;CTBO H OTJIHqHe OT .upyrHX BH,!J;OB HCKYCCTBa, oco3HaTb CBH3b c HCTOpHeH H T.,Ll.

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127

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JIOL{HqecKoro .D;BH)KeHHH, MeTpopHTMHqecKoro H .n;HHaMwqecKoro co3BYKOB no OTHOIIIeHHIO K neBqecKOMy TOJiocy HCnOJIHHTeJieH: If T .n;.).

c0

)J:aHHbIH MeTO.n;, no MHeHHIO aBTOpa, Tpe6yeT:

1. B tieM 3aKJI10qaeTCH B3aHMOCBH3b MeTO.llOB MY3bIKa.JibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH

c ero 3a.11,atiaMH?
2. KaK Bbl npe.11,cTaBJrneTe ce6e B3aHMOCBH3b MeTo.11,oB H co.11,ep)l(aHHH MY3bIKa.JibHoro o6pa30BaHHSI?
3. B tieM Bbl BH.llHTe cne11wcpHKY npHMeHeHHH 06111e.11,H.11,aKTH'IecKoro MeTo.11,a noKa3a B MY3bIKll.JibHOM o6pa30BaHHH?
4. OxapaKTepw3yiiTe .11,pyrne 06111e.11,w.11,aKTH'IeCKHe MeTO.llbI, .11,eiicrny10111we
B MY3bIKa.JibHOM o6pa3oBaHHH.
5. OxapaKTepH3YiiTe MeTo.11, cpaBHeHHH npHMeHHTeJibHO K MY3bIKa.JibHOMY
o6pa3oBaHHlO.
6. PacKpoiiTe co.11,ep)l(aHHe MeTo.11,a 3MOIIHOHa.JibHOH .11,paMaTYPrHH Ha MY3bIKa.JibHbIX 3aHSITHSIX.
7. OxapaKTepH3YHTe .11,eiicrnwe MeTo.11,a 3a6eraHHe Bnepe.11,.
8. PacKpoiiTe cymHOCTb MeTo.11,a B03BpameHwe K npoH.11,eHHOMy.
9. B tieM 3aKJI10qaeTcH cy111HoCTb MeTo.11,a MY3bIKa.JibHoro 0606111eHHH?
10. OxapaKTepH3YiiTe MeTO.ll pa3MbmrneHHH o MY3bIKe.
11. PacKpoiiTe co.11,ep)l(aHHe MeTo.11,a co3.11,aHHH KOMn03HIIHH.
12. B tieM 3aKJI10qaeTCH cy111HOCTb MeTo.11,a xy.11,o)l(eCTBeHHOro KOHTeKCTa?

13. PacKpoiiTe cymHOCTb MeTo.11,a ycTaHOBJieHHSI B3aHMOCBH3H xy.11,o)l(ecrneHHOro H TeXHH'IeCKoro Ha HHTOHaIIHOHHOH OCHOBe.
14. B tieM 3aKJI10qaeTCH CYIIIHOCTb MeTo.11,a CO'IHHeHHH ~e CO'IHHeHHoro?
15. KaKHe .11,pyrne MeT0.11,bI npe.11,cTaBJIHlOTCH BaM 3Ha'IHMbIMH Ha ypoKax
MY3blKH?
1 Yca'!eBa B.O., llIKoJisrp JI.B., llIKoJisrp B.A. MYJhIKaJihHOe HCKYCCTBO II
IIporpaMMHO-MeTO.llH'leCKHe MaTepHaJihI. MyJhIKa. Ha'laJihHaSI llIKOJia. - M., 2001. -

c. 247.

2 06o6meHHYIO xapaKTepHCTHKY B03MO)l(HOCTtjl: BOJ,lletiCTBHJI MYJb!KH Ha yqaIUHXCSI H rrpaKTH'leCKHe peKOMeH,llaUHH no rrp11MeHeim10 HX B pa6oTe yqHTeJISI MY3blKH .aa10T B.11. IleTpynmH, 0. M. <l>aJieTpoBa 11 .ap.

131

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AJI He B 10. E. HacTOJihHruI KHttra llIKOJihHOro yqHTe.JUI-M)'3hIKaHTa. - M.,

2000.
Ee 3 6 op o .ll o Ba JI. A. MeTO.llhI MY3hIKaJihHoro o6pa3oBaHHH // Ee36opo.noBa JI. A., AJitteB 10.E. MeTO.llHKa npeno.naBaHHH MY3hIKH B o6meo6pa3oBaTeJihHhIX yqpe)!(.lleHHHX. - M., 2002.
Ka 6 a JI e B c K H i1 .r:i:. E. OcHOBHhie npHHUHilhI H MeTO.llhI nporpaMMhI no
MY3hIKe MH o6meo6pa3oBaTeJihHoi1 llIKOJihI // IIporpaMMHO-MeTO.nttqecKHe
MaTepHaJihI. My3hIKa. HaqaJihHaH llIKOJia. - M., 2001.
KpacHJihHHKOBa M.C., KpHTCKaH E. .ll:. MeTO.llhI MY3hIKaJihHoro
o6pa3oBaHHH // My3hIKaJihHOe o6pa3oBaHHe B llIKOJie: Yqe6. noco6tte / Ilo.n
pe.n. JI. B. illKOJUip. - M., 2001.
TeopHH H MeTO.llHKa MY3hIKaJihHOro o6pa3oBaHHH .neTei1: HayqHo-MeTO.llHqecKoe noco6tte /JI. B. illKOJIHp, M. C. KpacHJihHHKOBa, E. .r:i:. KpHTCKaH. -

M., 1998.

HH o.nHa H3 <PopM MY3hIKaJihHOro

o6pa30BaHHH, B3HTaH B OT.lleJihHOCTH,
He MO)[(eT o6ecneqHTh noJIHoueHHOro MY3hIKaJihHoro pa3BHTHH .neTeH, H TOJihKO
HX CHCTeMa cnoco6Ha K 3TOMy.
M. M. Po fiTe p III Te fi H

8.1. YPOK MY3bIKH KAK OCHOBHASI <l>OPMA

OBID;EfO MY3blKAJlbHOf0 06PA30BAHIUI

II e T p y w H H B.11. My3hlKaJihHaH ncttxoTepanHH: TeopHH H npaKTHKa. -

M., 1999.
<I> a JI eTp o Ba 0. M. Pa3BHTHe 3MOUHOHaJihHOi1 c<PephI .neBHaHTHhlX no.upocTKOB cpe.ncTBaMH MY3hIKH // MeTO.llOJiorttqecKaH KYJihTypa ne.narora-My3hIKaHTa: Yqe6. noco6tte / Ilo.n pe.u. 3. E. A6.nyJIJIHHa. - M., 2002.
.ll:OIIOJIHl1TEJibHAfl
A6.ny JIJI H H 3. E. MeTO.llhI M)'3hIKaJihHOro o6yqeHHH // 3. E.A6.nyJIJIHH. TeopHH H npaKTHKa MY3hIKaJihHOfO o6yqeHHH B o6meo6pa30BaTeJihHOH WKOJie:
Yqe6. noco6tte. - M., 1983.
AnpaKCHHa O.A. MeTO.llHKa M)'3hIKaJihHOro BocnHTaHHH B wKoJie: Yqe6.
noco6He. - M., 1983.
Ap q a)[( H H KO Ba JI. r. Ilpo<Pecc1rn - yqHTeJih MY3hIKH: KHHra .llJIH yqHTeJIH. - M., 1984.
r 0 p JO H 0 Ba JI. B. Ha IlYTH K ne.narornKe HCKYCCTBa // My3hIKa B WKOJi:e. - 1988. - N2 2..

YpoK MY3b1KH B cucTeMe yqe6BbIX ~CUHDJIHB

Yqe6HbIM npe.uMeT My3bIKa B yqpe)l()lemu1x o6meo6pa3oBaTeJibHoro nma (IIIKOJibI, fHMHa3JUI, JIHIJ;eH) .SIBJIJieTCH e,llHHCTBeHHOM ,llHCUHilJIHHOii MY3bIKaJibHOfO o6pa30BaHHH, KOTOPYJO OCBaHBaIOT 6Ce iJemu.
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(B cTapurnx KJiaccax).
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O.llHHM ypoKoM B He.uemo, o6IUHM o6'beMOM 34 qaca B ro.u. B VIII H IX
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06JiaCTb lfoKYCCTBO OpHeHTHpyeT npeno.uaBaTeJIH H yqaIUHXCH
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133

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COOTBeTCTBMM c Tpe6oBaHMHMM BpeMeHM M noHMMaHMeM POJIM M B03MO)J(HOCTeH .n;aHHOro yqe6Horo npe.n;MeTa B <}>opMMpoBaHMM MY3bIKaJibHOH KyJibTypbI IIIKOJibHMKOB KaK HeoTbeMJieMOH qacTM BceH: MX .n;yxoBHOH KyJibTypbI 2.
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134

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135

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My3blKaJILHO-DJiacTH'leCKoe ,1J;B1DKeuue. 11H.n;HBH.n;YaJihHO-JIHqHocTHoe BhipaxeHHe xapaKTepa MY3hIKH H oco6eHHOCTeH: ee pa3BHTHH IIJiacTwqecKHMH cpe,n;cTBaMH B KOJIJieKTHBHOH <t>opMe .n;esi:TeJihHOCTH IIPH
C03,l1;aHHH KOMII03HUHH H HMIIpOBH3aUHH, B TOM qwcJie TaHUeBaJihHhIX.
,ll;paMaTH3aIUIJI MY3b1KaJILHLIX npou3ae;i;euuii. YqacTHe B TeaTpa.n:w-

3 Ha Th/IIOH HM a Th:
cJioBa H Me110.n;w10 fHMHa Poccww;
CMhICJI IIOHSITHH: KOMII03HTOP' HCTIOJIHHTeJih' CJiyIIIaTeJih;
Ha3BaHHH H3yqeHHhIX )J{aHpOB H <t>opM MY3hIKH;
Hapo,n;Hhie rrecHH, MY3hIKaJihHhie Tpa,llHUHH po.n;Horo

KPaH (rrpaJ.n;-

HHKH H o6pH):(hI);
Ha3BaHHSI H3yqeHHhIX rrpOH3Be.n;eHMH H HX aBTopoB;
Haw6oJiee rrorry11si:pHhie B PoccHH MY3hIKaJihHhie HHCTpYMeHThI;
rreBqecKHe ro11oca, BH.n;hI opKecTpoB H xopoB;
yMeTb:
y3ilaBaTh M3yqeHHhie MY3hIKaJihHhie rrpOM3Be.n;eHHSI M Ha3bIBaTh
MMeHa HX aBTOpoB;
orrpe,n;eJISITh Ha CJiyx OCHOBHhie )J{aHphl MY3hIKH (rreCHSI, TaHeu H
. Maprn);
orrpe,n;eJISITh M cpaBHMBaTh xapaKTep, HaCTpOeHHe H cpe,n;CTBa
[ Bhipa3HTeJihHOCTM (Me110.n;wsi:, pHTM, TeMrr, TeM6p, ,n;HHaMMKa) B MY' 3hIKaJihHhIX rrpOH3Be.n;eHHSIX ( <t>parMeHTaX);
rrepe.n;aBaTh ttacTpoeHHe MY3hIKH H ero M3MeHeHMe: B rreHHH,
MY3hIKaJihHO-rrJiaCTHqecKOM ,n;BJi[)J{eHHM, Mrpe Ha 3JieMeHTapHhIX MY3hIKaJihHhIX MHCTpYMeHTax;
HCIIOJIHSITh BOKaJihHhie rrpOM3Be.n;eHMH c corrpOBO)J{,l1;eHMeM H 6e3
corrpoBO)J{,l1;eHHH;
HCIIOJIHSITh HeCKOJihKO Hapo,n;HhIX H KOMII03MTOpCKHX neceH (no
Bh16opy yqamerocsi:);
H c II 0 JI h 3 0 Ba Th rrpwo6peTeHHhie 3HaHHSI H YMeHMSI B rrpaKTHqecKOH .n;esi:TeJihHOCTM M IIOBce.n;HeBHOH )J(Jf3HM .n JI SI:
BOCIIpHSITMSI xy,n;o)J{eCTBeHHhIX o6pa3UOB Hapo.n;HOH, KJiaCcMqecKOH

H coBpeMeHHOH MY3hIKH;
MCIIOJIHeHHSI 3HaKOMhIX rreceH;
yqaCTHSI B KOJIJieKTHBHOM rreHMM;
MY3HUMpoBaHHH Ha 3JieMeHTapHhIX MY3hIKaJihHhIX HHCTpYMeHTax;
rrepe,n;aqw MY3hIKaJihHhIX BrreqaTJieHMH IIJiacTwqecKHMM, H3o6pa-

3HTeJihHhIMH cpe.n;cTBaMH H .n;p.

30BaHHhIX <t>opMax wrpoBoH: MY3hIKaJihHO-TBopqecKoH: yqe6Ho:H: .n;esi:TeJihHOCTH: HHCUeHHpOBKa rreceH, TaHUeB.

Bbtpa:JK:eHue o6pa3H020 coaep:JK:OHWl MY3btK{JJlbH020 npOU36eaeHWl cpeacm6aMU U306pa3ume/lbH020 UCKYCCm6a (6 pUCYHKe, aeKOpamU6HO-npuK/laaHOM m60ptteCm6e), 6 C03aaHUU aeKOpOU,UU U KOCmlOM06 K UHCU,eHUp06KaM.
136

I ,[(aHHble Tpe6oBaHJUI K ypoBHIO nonroTOBKH OKaHqHBaJOLUHX HaqaJlbHYJO IIIKOJIY

c<t>opMyJIHpoBaHbI B focynapcTBeHHOM crnttnapTe H(lqaJlbHOro o6mero o6pa3oBaHHll
no npeii;Mezy My3bIKa.

137

CTAH,[(APT OCHOBHOfO OBIUEfO OBPA30BAHJ15I

no HCKYCCTBY

'~

06SI3aTeJihHblH MHHHMYM co.n;eplKallHB OCHOBHblX

06pa1oeaTeJibHbIX nporpaMM

If3y~eHue ucKyccrnBa Ha crnyneHu ocHOBHozo 06111,ezo o6pa3oBaHUR

HanpaB.11eHo Ha iJocrnuJ1CeHue C.11eoy10111,ux 14e.11eu:
pa3BHTHe 3MOI.UiOHa.JlbHO-UeHHOCTHOfO OTHOIIIeHJU[ K MMpy, HBJieHMHM )[(M3HM M MCKyCCTBa;
oocDHTaaee H pa3BHTHe xy.n;o::>KecrneHHoro BKyca yqaw:erocH, ero
MHTeJIJieKTyaJibHOH M 3MOUMOHa.JlbHOH ccpepbI, TBopqecKoro IIOTeHUMaJia, crroco6HocTM ouemrnaTb 0Kpyxa10w:a:H MMp no JaKoHaM KpaCOTbr;

OcHOBbt MY3btKll.JlbHOU KYAbrnypbt

My3LIKa KaK oe.u HCKYCCTBa. l1HTOHau;MoHHo-o6pa3HaH, ::>KaHpoBaH, CTHJieBaH OCHOBa MY3bIKM. HHTOHaUHH KaK HOCHTeJib CMbICJia B
iMy3bIKe. My3bIKaJibHbIH 06pa3 M My3bIKaJibHaH .n;paMazypnrn. BoJMO)[{t11ocTH BOIIJIOW:eHMH MY3bIKaJibHoro 06pa3a H ero pa3BMTMH B paJJinqHbIX MY3bIKa.JlbHbIX cpopMax (.n;ByxqacTHOH M TpexqacTHOH, BapMaI.J;MM,
poH.ll;o, c10umb1, conamno-cUMrjxmuttecKow U,WC!la 1). Pa3Hoo6pa3Me BOKaJib-

OCBOeHHe 3HaHHii 0 KJiaccaqecKOM M COBpeMeHHOM MCKyCCTBe;

03HaKOMJieHMe c Bbl.ll;alOW:MMMCH IIPOM3Be.n;eHMHMM OTeqecrneHHOH M
3apy6e::>KHOH xy.n;o::>KeCTBeHHOH KyJibTYPbI;

HOH, BOKa.JlbHO-MHCTpyMeHTa.JlbHOH, KaMepHO-MHCTpyMeHTaJibHOH,

CHMcpoHaqecKo:H M TeaTparrbHOH MY3bIKM. XapaKTepHbie qepTbI pyccKo:H M Jarraii;HOeBporre:HcKOH My3bIKH paJJIHqHbIX MCTopaqecKHX 3IIOX,

OBJia.ll;eHee npaKTlf1leCKHMH )'MeHIDIMH H HaBLIKaMH xy.n;o::>KecTBeHHO-TBopqecKOH .n;eHTeJibHOCTM;

HaUMOHa.JlbHbIX IIIKOJI, CTHJieBbIX HarrpaBJieHMH, MH.ll;MBM.ll;Ya.JibHOfO

"TBOpqecTBa Bbl.ll;aIOW:HXCH KOMII03HTOPOB rrpOllIJIOfO H COBpeMeHHOCTM .
1
. Tpaii;MI.J;MM M HOBaTOpCTBO B MY3bIKa.JlbHOM HCKyCCTBe.

clK>PMHpoBaHHe YCTOHqMBOro MHTepeca K MCKyCCTBy, xy.n;o::>KecTBeHHbIM. Tpa.ll;MI.J;lrnM CBoero Hapo.n;a H JJ;OCTH::>KeHMHM MMpOBOH KyJibTYPbI.
MY3hIKA

lf3y~eHue MY3blKU Hanpa6.lleHo Ha iJocrnuJ1CeHue e.11eiJy10111,ux 14e.11eu:

CTaHOBJieHHe MY3bIKa.JlbHOH KyJibTypbI KaK HeOTbeMJieMOH qacTM
.n;yxoBHOH KyJibTypbr;
pa3BHTHe MY3bIKaJibHOCTM; MY3bIKaJibHoro cJiyxa, rreBqecKoro
roJioca, MY3bIKaJibHo:H rraMHTM, crroco6HocTM K correpe::>KMBaHMID;
o6pa3HOfO M accouMaTMBHOfO MbIIIIJieHMH, TBopqecKoro BOo6pa)[(eHMH;
ocooeuee MY3bIKH M 3HaHHH 0 MY3bIKe, ee MHTOHaUMOHHO-o6pa3HOH rrpapo.n;e, ::>KaHpOBOM M CTHJieBOM MHoroo6pa3MM, oco6eHHOCTHX MY3bIKaJibHoro H3bIKa; MY3bIKaJibHOM cpoJibKJIOpe, KJiaccaqecKoM
HaCJieJJ;MM M COBpeMeHHOM TBopqecTBe OTeqecTBeHHbIX M 3apy6e::>KHbIX
KOMII03MTOpoB; 0 B03JJ;eHcTBHH MY3bIKM Ha qeJIOBeKa; 0 ee B3aMMOCBH3H c .n;pyrHMM BMJJ;aMM MCKyCCTBa M )[(H3Hbl0;
OBJia.ll;eHHe npaKTH'leCKHMH )'MeHHJIMH H HaBhIKaMH B pa3JIMqHbIX
BM.ll;ax MY3bIKaJibHO-TBopqecKo:H .n;eHTeJibHOCTM: B cJiyIIIaHMM MY3bIKM, rreHMM (B TOM qacJie c opMeHTau;ae:H Ha HOTHYIO 3aIIHCb), MHCTpyMeHTa.JlbHOM MY3HUMpoBaHMM, MY3bIKaJibHO-rrJiacTnqecKoM JJ;BM::>KeHMM, MMIIpOBH3aUHM, .n;paMaTM3aI.J;MH MCIIOJIHHeMbIX IlpOM3Be.n;eHHH;
BOCDHTauee 3MOUMOHa.JlbHO-UeHHOCTHOfO OTHOIIIeHMH K MY3blKe; ycTo:HqHBOfO HHTepeca K MY3bIKe, MY3bIKa.JlbHOMy MCKyCCTBY CBOero Hapo.n;a M .UPYTHX Hapo.n;oB MMpa; MY3bIKa.JlbHOfO BKyca yqaw:axcH;
IIOTpe6HOCTH B caMOCTOHTeJibHOM o6rn:eHHM c BbICOKOXY.UO::>KeCTBeHHOH MY3bIKOH H K MY3bIKaJibHOMY caMoo6pa3oBaHMID; CJIYIIIaTeJibcKo:H
M MCIIOJIHHTeJibCKOH KyJibTypbI yqarn;MXCH.

138

HcrronHeHMe MY3bIKM KaK HCKyCCTBO HHTeprrpernu;HM. IleBqecKHe

roJioca; xopbr; opKecTpbI.
Hapo,ZJ,Hoe My.JhOOlJildloe TBOp'lecTBO. <l>oJibKJIOp KaK qaCTb o6rn:e:H KyJibTYPbI Hapo.n;a. Oco6eHHOCTH BocrrpIDITIDI MYJbIKaJibHoro cpoJibKJiopa cBo, ero Hapo.n;a M .n;pyrMX Hapo.n;oB MMpa. IleceHHOCTb, HarreBHOCTb KaK cpe' HOMeH pyccKoro Hapo.n;Horo rreHMH, HCKyCCTBO pacrreBa TOHOB H HMnpOBM3aI.J;MM.
Crreu;McpMKa pyccKoH: Hapo.n;HoM: MY3bIKM M ee ocHOBHbre ::>KaHpbI
f (nau6oJlee pacnpocmpaHeHHbte pa3noeuiJHocmu

16bte neCHU,

o6paiJoeblx necen, mpyoo-

6bIJIHHbl, JIMpMqecKHe neCHM, qacTyllIKH).

HHTOHau;aoHHoe cBoeo6pa3Me MY3bIKaJibHoro cpoJibKJiopa pa3HbIX

Hapo.n;oB; o6pa3I.J;bl neceHHOH H MHCTpyMeHTa.JlbHOH Hapo.n;HOH My3bIKM.
PyccKaB MY3LIKa OT 3noxe Cpe.z.ueoeKOBhJI .no py6eJKa XIX- XX eeKOB. ,[(yxoBHaH MY3bIKa B 3rroxy Cpe.n;HeBeKOBbH: 3HaMeHHbIH pacneB.

. )!yX06HQR MY3b1KQ 6 CUHme3e c xpaM06blM UCKyccm60M.

,[(yxoBHaH M CBeTCKaH MY3blKa.JlbHaH KyJibzypa BTOpo:H IlOJIOBHHbl
XVII - XVIII BeKOB. OcHOBHb1e ::>KaHpb1 rrpocpeccMOHaJibHOH MY3bIKM:
KaHm; napmeCHblU KOHU,epm; xopOBOH KOHI.(epT.
My3bIKaJibHaH KyJibTypa XIX BeKa: cpopMMpoBaHne pyccKoH: KJiaccaqecKoH: IIIKOJibI. Hapo.n;Ho-neceHHbie HCTOKH pyccKoH: npocpecc110HaJibHOH: MY3bIKM. Cnoco6b1 o6paw:eHHH KOMII03HTopoB K Hapo.n;Ho:H
MY3bIKe. Oco6eHHOcTH rrpoHBJiemrn poMaHTH3Ma B pyccKo:H MY3bIKe .
',[(paMaTM3M, repOMKa, IICMXOJIOfM3M, KapTHHHOCTb, Hapo.n;H0-3ITH' qecKaH o6pa3HOCTb KaK xapaKTepHbie oco6eHHOCTM pyccKo:H KJiaccaqecKoH: IIIKOJibl.

I KypcHBOM B TeKCTe BbI,D;eJleH MaTepmlJI, KOTQPbifi ITO.!lJle)KHT HlyqeHHIO, HO He

BKJlIO'laeTCS! B Tpe6oBaHHS! ~ YPOBHIO IT0,1lfOTOBKH BhIIlYCKHHKOB.

139

)KaHpbl CBeTCKOH My3bIKH: KaMepHaH HHCTpYMeHTa.JThHaH (npeAIOiJUR, HOKmlOpH H .n;p.) H BOKaJibHaH MY3bIKa (poMaHc); KOHIJ;epT; CHM<l>oHHH; orrepa, 6a.rreT.
,n:yxoBHaH MY3bIKa pyccKHX KOMI103HTOpoB: xopOBOH KOHu;epT;

6Ce-

HOUJ,HClfl, AUmypi!UJl.
CTHJieBbie oco6eHHOCTH pyccKoti: KJiaccHqecKoti: MY3hlKaJII>Ho:H:
lllKOJI1>1 H HX rrpernopeHHe B rnopqecrne M. H. fJIHHKH, M. II. MycoprcKoro, A. II. Eopo.n;HHa, H.A. PHMCKoro-KopcaKoBa, II. H. qa:H:KoBcKoro, C. B. PaxMaHHHOBa.

B1>1llaIOIUHeCH 3apy6e)l(HbJe HCIIOJIHlfTeJIH: 3. Kapy3o, M. KO//Jlac, 3. I'oMe)l(,nyI1apo.n;H1>1ti: My3bOOIJThHbIH

KOHKYPC HCITOJIHRTeJieH: HM. II. H. qati:KoBcKoro.
BceMHpHo H3BecTH1>1e TeaTp1>1 orrep1>1 H 6a.rreTa: EoJI1>llloH: TeaTp
(PoccHH, MocKBa), MapHHHCKHti: TeaTp (Pocc1rn, C.-IIeTep6ypr);
Jia CKaJia (HTaJIHH, MHJiatt), I'paHiJ-onepa (<l>paHU,UJl, IIapUJ1C), KooeHm~I'ap

po6uu,, H. MeHyxUH, F. <jJoH KapaJIH H ,n;p.

iJeH (AHZAUR, JloHiJoH) MemponoAumeH-onepa ( C/JJA, Hb10-HopK).

UeHTp1>1 oTeqecrneHHOH MY3hlKaJibHOH KYJibTYPbI H MY3hlKaJII>Horo
o6pa3oBaHHH: My3eu MY3blKO/lbHou KYAbmypbl UM. M. H. I'AuHKU. Moc-

3apy6e1K11aJ1 M)'3LIKa OT 3DOXH Cpe,IU1eeeKOBLJ1 .ZJ;O py6eJKa XIXXX eeKoe. Cpe.n;HeBeKOBM .n;yxoBHM My3hlKa Jarra.n;HoeBporre:H:cKo:H: TpallHUHH: zpuwpuqHCKUU xopaJl.

K06CKClfl wcyiJapcmBeHHClfl KoHcep6amopUR UM. II. H. l/auKo6cKow, CaHKmIIemep6ypzcKClfl wcyiJapcmBeHHClfl KoHcep6amopUR UM. H. A. PUMcKowKopcaKo6a.

3arra,n;HoeBporre:H:cKaH My3bIKa 3ITOXH Bo3po)KJ:(eHHH H 6apoKKO.

TBopqecrno H. C. Baxa (rrpemo,n;HH, <l>yra, Mecca).
. KJiaccHIJ;H3M H poMaHTH3M: oco6eHHOCTH BeHCKOH KJiaccHqeCKOH
lllKOJI1>1 (H. I'auiJH, B. A. MouapT, JI. BaH EeTXOBeH); oTJIHqHTeJI1>H1>1e
qepTbl TBopqecrna KOMI103HTOpOB-pOMaHTHKOB (<l>. IllorreH, <l>.JIHCT,
P. lliyMaH, <!>. l1Iy6epm, 3. I'puz). OcHOBH1>1e )l(aHphl cBeTcKoti: MY3bIKH:
KaMepHaH HHCTpYMeHTaJibHaH My3bIKa (npe.nJOiJUJl, HOKmlOpH H .n;p.); coHaTa; CHM<l>OHHH H .n;p. OrrepHbIH )l(aHp B TBopqecrne KOMI103HTOpOB
XIX BeKa ()!(. EHJe, ,l(JIC. BepiJu, J(JIC. PoccuHu). 06pa3u;1>1 .n;yxoBHOH My3hlKH: peK6UeM.

. BblllaIOIUHeCH poCCHHCKHe MY3blKaJibHbie KOJIJieKTHBbI: rocy.n;apCTBeHHbIH aKa,n;eMnqecKHti: pyccKHti: Hapo,n;H1>1H: xop HM. M. E. IIHTHHUKoro; Hau;HOHaJibH1>1ti: pyccKHH Hapo.n;H1>1H: aKa,n;eMHqecKHti: opKecTp
HM. H. II. OcHITOBa; 3acJIY)l(eHHbIH KOJIJieKTHB PoccHH, AKa.n;eMHqecKHit CHM<l>OHHqecKHit opKeCTp CaHKT-IIeTep6yprCKOH <l>HnapMOHHH.
HaH6onee HHTepecH1>1e H 3HaqHTeJI1>H1>1e MY31>IKaJI1>H1>1e co61>ITHH B
MHpe, CTpaHe, po.n;HOM Kpae MOryT Hati:TH CBOe OTpaxeHHe Ha ypoKe,
rropoH: cymecTBeHHO MeHHH ero CIIJiaHHPOBaHHYIO 3apaHee ,!lpaMaTYpfHIO.

0Te'l:eCTBeuuoe H 3apy6e1K11oe M)'3blKa.JlbHOe HCJCYCCTBO

xx

eeKa.

CnrneBoe MHoroo6pa3He MY3bIKH (HMrrpeccHOHH3M, 3KcnpeccuoHU3M,

Heo<}JoAbKAOPU3M, HeoKAaccuu,u3M H ,n;p.). B3aHMorrpoHHKHOBeHHe nerKOH H cep1>eJHOH: MY3bIKH.
3HaKOMCTBO c HaH6oJiee HPKHMH rrpOH3Be.n;eHHHMH OTeqecTBeHHbIX KOMIT03HTopoB aKa.n;eMHqecKoH: HarrpaBJieHHOCTH (H. <l>. CTpaBHHcKHM:,
IIpoKO<l>beB,
IIIOCTaKOBHq,
B. C6upuiJo6,
P. K IIJeiJpuH, A.H. Xa'tamypRH, A. I'. llIHumK.e) H 3apy6e)l(H1>1x KOMII03RTopoB (K..D:e610ccH, K Op<}J, M. Pa6e.nb, E. EpummeH, A. I1IeH6epz).

c. c.

.n: ..n:.

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,[()l(a3 (Jl.ApMcmpoHz, J(. 31/JluHzmoH, K Eeiicu, JI. Ymeco6). CrrHp~3JI,

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6JII03 ( 3. <Puu,iJJ1CepaJlbiJ). CHM<l>Oll)l(a3

replllBHH).
TBopqecTBO 0TeqecrneHH1>1x KOMII03HTopoB-rreceHHHKOB, CTaBlllee My3blKaJibHbIM CHMBOJIOM CBoero BpeMeHH (H. 0.,l(yHae6CKUU,

A. B. AAeKcaHiJpo6).
MHoroo6pa3He COBpeMeHHOH rrorryJIHPHOH MY3bIKH: OCHOBHbie
)l(aHpbI, CTHJIH, HarrpaBJieHHH - aBTOpCKaH rreCHH, MI03UKJI, pofC-one-

pa; poK-H-poM; 6pumaHcKuu 6um, <}JoAK-poK; xapiJ-poK; apm-poK; pezzeu,

xe6u-Mema.J1Jl H .n;p. 1.
Ilpe,ZJ;cTaeJieHuJI o MY31>1KaJir.uoii 1Kll3HH Poccuu u .ZJ;pymx cTpau.
B1>ma10mHecJ.C poccHti:CKHe HCIIOJIHHTeJIH: <l>. H. lliaJIHIIHH, C. T. Puxmep,
J(. <!>. Oucmpax, E. A. Mpa6uHcKuu, A. B. C6ewHuKo6 H .n;p.
I IlpH HJ)"feHHH csoeo6pa3H.ll COBpeMeHHOti MY3bIKH yqe6Hblti MaTepmUI, BbI,[(eJieHHblti KYPCHBOM, MO:lKeT H3MeH.l!ThC.ll H ,[(OITOJIH.l!ThC.11 ITO YCMOTpeHHIO Y'fHTeJI.11 c

140

My3b1Ka 6 tjJop.MupoBauuu oyX06HOU KY.11.bmypbl .11.U'IHOCmu'

IIpe,!lHa3Haqem1e MY3blKaJibHOfO HCKYCCTBa H ero B03MO)l(HOCTH B
.n;yxoBHOM COBepllleHCTBOBaHHH JIHqHOCTH.
CBoeo6pa3He pacKpbITHH BeqH1>1x rrpo6JieM )l(H3HH B rnopqecrne
KOMII03HTOPOB pa3JIHqHblX 3IIOX H CTHJieBblX HarrpaBJieHHit: ){(ff3HH H
CMepTH (peK6UeMbt B.A. Mou,apma, ,l(JIC. BepiJu, E. EpummeHa); BeqHoCTH
,n:yxa H KpaTKOBpeMeHHOCTH 3eMHOH )l(H3HH (6 m60p'teCm6e
H. C. Eaxa); JI106BH H HeHaBHCTH (B pa3JIHqH1>1x TpaKTOBKax Tpare.n;nH
Y. IlleKCIIHpa POMeo H .D::>KYJibeTa); BOHHbl H MHpa (J(.J(. JJJocmaK06Ulf,
MO/lep, J(. E. Ka6(JJle6cKuu); JIHqHOCTH H o6mecrna (JI. 6aH Eemxo6eH,
A. H.Xa'tamypRH, A. F. llIHumKe); BHYTpeHHHX rrpoTHBopeqHti: B llYllie qeJIOBeKa (M. II. MycopzcKuu, P. llJyMaH, )[{. Eu3e) H .n;p.
CBoeo6pa3He BH,!leHHH KapTHHbI MHpa B HaUHOHaJibHbIX MY3bIKaJibHbIX KYJII>Typax 3arra.n;a H BocToKa. Crreu;H<l>HKa MY3bIKH H ee MecTO B
PH.llY .n;pyrnx BHJlOB HCKYCCTBa. PoJlCTBo xy.n;o)l(ecrneHH1>1x o6pa3oB pa3H1>1x HCKYCCTB. 06IUHOCTb TeM H Bbipa3HTeJibHbIX cpe.n;CTB pa3HblX HCKYCCTB (3ByqaHHH, JIHHHH, KpacoK). My3bIKa B TeaTpe H KHHO.

r.

ueJihJO rrptt6Jitt:lKeHH.11 MaTepttana K rraHopaMe cospeMeHHofi: MY3hIKaJihHOti :lKH3HH,

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pl!MKax HHTerpttposaHHoro yqe6Horo
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ITpe,[(MeTa YlcKyCCTBO.

141

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Pa3BHTHe MY3bIKaJibHOro BocrrpmITM.SI H 0Bm1,n,eHHe rrpaKTHqecKMMH YMeHHSIMH H HaBbIKaMH B MY3bIKaJibHOH ,neHTeJibHOCTH.

CJIYI11auue MY3LIKH.

JlHqHoCTHO-oKparneHHoe 3MOUHOHaJibHo-o6-

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BH,lJ;bI opKecTpOB, Ha3BaHHH HaH6oJiee H3BecTHbIX HHCTPYMeHTOB;
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rrpOM3Be.nemrn COBpeMeHHbIX KOMII03MTOpoB;
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npo6JieM )l(H3HH;

142

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143

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HarrpaBJieH Ha peIIIeHHe

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CTPeMJieHHeM yqHTeJIH MY3bIKH K nocmpoe11u10 u op2011U3au,uu ypoKa
no 30/COHOM UCKyccm8a (MeTO,lJ; 3MOUHOHaJibHOH .n:paMaTyprHH H .n:p.).

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144

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JlOJl)l(Ha ocymecTBJIHTbCH ueJIOCTHOCTb ypoKa 1
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yqHTeJIH. - M., 1982. - C. 28.
2 Ka 6 a JI e B c K H ii: ,[(. B. OcHOBHbie rrpHHUHIIbl H MeTo,nbr rrporpaMMbl no MY3bIKe
.nJIH o6meo6paJoBaTeJibHott IIIKOJibl 11 IlporpaMM110-MeTo,nHqecKHe MaTepHaJibl. My, JbIKa. HaqaJibHaH wKoJia. - M., 2001. - C. 25-26.

145

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yeHJIHH, BHHMaHHe H HHTepee, KOTOpble npOHBJIHeT yqaIUHHeH B npou;eeee MY3hIKaJibHbIX JaHHTHH, a TaK)l{e Ha TY eTeneHb MY3bIKaJibHOro
pa3BHTHH, KOTOpoe Ha6JIIO.n;aeTeH B pe3yJibTaTe ero yeHJIHH. Crre.n;oBaTeJibHO, oeHOBOnoJiaraIOIUHM npH BhlBe.n;eHHH OTMeTOK eTaHOBHTeH
npHHIJ;Hn conocmaBJT.eHUR y'tumeJT.eM ucxoiJHow u noCJ1eiJy10U{UX ypoBHeii
MY3btKa.AbHOW pa3BumuR y oiJHow u mow :ee y'taU{eWCR, a He npHHIJ;Hn
epaBHeHHH o.n;Horo pe6eHKa e .n;pymM no ypoBHIO MY3bIKaJibHbIX enoeo6HoeTeli, eTeneHH yeBoeHHH MY3bIKaJibHbIX 3HaHHH H <t>opMHpOBaHHH MY3hIKaJibHhlX YMeHHH H HaBbIKOB, onhlTa ero MY3bIKaJibHO-TBopqeeKo:H: yqe6HOH .n;eHTeJibHOeTH.
B-'IernepTbIX, Ha ypoKax MY3hIKH npHopHTeTHOe 3Ha'IeHHe HMeeT

iJuHaMux:a omHouteHUR y'tall{UXCR K MY3blKa.AbHOMY ucx:yccmBy u cmeneHb

pa3Bumwi y HUX MY3btKaJlbHbtX y'te6Ho-mBOp'tecx:ux (mBop'tecx:ux no omH6uteHu10 x: pa3Bumu10 iJaHHOW y'taU{eWcR) cnoco6Hocmeu. My3bIKaJibHbie 3HaHHH, YMeHHH H HaBbIKH HrpaIOT npH 3TOM pOJib Ba)l{HOfO H
Heo6xo.n;HMOfO, HO npe)l{,ll;e Beero cpeiJcmBa eTaHOBJieHHH MY3bIKaJibHOfi KYJibTYPhl JIH'IHOeTH IIIKOJibHHKa.
B-nHTbIX, npH <l>HKeau;HH Kaqeerna yeneBaeMoeTH oeo6YIO poJih
npHo6perneT ax:muBHocmb yqameroeH Ha MYJbIKaJibHbIX JaHHTHHX,
KOTOpaH HenpeMeHHO yqHTbIBaeTeH npH BbieTaBJieHHH OTMeTKH.
CJie.n;yeT yqHTbIBaTb H TO, 'ITO eneu;H$HKa ypoKa MY3hIKH KaK ypoKa HeKyeeTBa Bhl3bIBaeT Heo6xo.n;HMOeTb IIIHPOKOfO npHMeHeHHH
0 Z< e HK u (a He TOJibKO OTMeTKH) Ha ypoKe; HMeHHO ou;eHKa, a He
OTMeTKa Ha ypoKe MY3bIKH qaeTO eBH.D;eTeJibeTByeT 0 npOHBJieHHH .n;yJlieBHOfO, TOJiepaHTHOfO H BMeeTe e TeM rpeOo83TeJibHOf0 OTHOllieHHH yqHTeJIH K yqeHHKY, 3HaHHH H yqeTe ero neHXOJIOfHH, ero HH-

151

.ri;HBH.UYa.JibHbIX pa3JmqHJi: 1 B 3TOM CBH3H cJie.ri;yeT JaMeTHTb, qTo B oTJIHqHe OT OTMeTKH oueHKa He Bbipa)l(aeTCH B KOJIHqecTBeHHOM H3MepeHHH. 0Ha OCHOBaHa Ha Bep6a.rrbHOM Bbipa)l(eHHH OTHOIIIeHHH yqHTe)151 K MY3bIKa.JibHOMY pa3BHTHIO pe6eHKa H II03BOJIHeT HeH3MepHMO
6oraqe, TOHbIIIe H HH)l;HBH.UYa.JibHO-HanpaBJieHHee OTMeTHTb cTeneHb
H KaqecTBO ycnexoB (H HeycnexoB) yqamerocH. IlpH 3TOM yqHTbIBaeTCH ero o6maH H MY3bIKa.JibHaH KYJibzypa, a TaK)l(e xapaKTep pe6eHKa,
ero BOCnHTaHHOCTb, 3a.z:i;aTKH, cnoco6HOCTH, HMeIOlllHeCH MY3bIKa.JibHble 3HaHHH, YMeHHH, HaBblKH, oTHoIIIeHHe K HCKYCCTBY H MY3bIKa.JibHO-TBopqecKHe npoHBJieHHH.
K qHcJiy HaH6oJiee THDll'lllbIX, npoHBJIHIOlllHXCH cero.ri;HH ue,n;oCTaTKOB B co,n;epxatHHH H opraHH3aUHH ypOKOB MY3MKn CJie.ri;yeT OTHeCTH

BHeKJiaCCHOM H BHeIIIKOJibHOM pa60TbI c yqalllHMHCH, OCHOBaHHbie

Ha npHHUHne ,n;o6pOB0JlbHOCTH. 3a.n;aqa 3aKJIIOqaeTC51 B TOM, qT06bI
lllKOJia, BHelllKOJibHbie yqpe)l()l;eHHH npe.ri;ocTaBHJllI Ka)l()l;OMY pe6eHKY MaKCHMa.JibHYIO B03MO)l(HOCTb pea.rrH30BaTh cBOH MY3bIKa.JibHbie HHTepecbI, noTpe6HOCTH, BJieqeHHH B TOM HJIH HHOM o6JiaCTII MY3bIKa.JibHOro HCKYCCTBa.
KaK BO BHeKJiaCCHbIX, TaK HBO BHelllKOJibHblX 3aHHTH5IX cymecTBy'
IOT TaKHe CTa6HJibHbie cl>opMbl, KaK xopOBbie, opKeCTPOBbie KOJIJieKTHBbI, aHcaM6JIII, MY3bIKa.JibHbie KJiacchI, czy.ri;IIII, pa3Hoo6pa3Hbie KJiy6Hbie o6'be.UHHeHH51 yqalllHXCH, C03)l;aBaeMbie B cooTBeTCTBHH c HX MY3bIKa.JlbHbIMH HHTepecaMH, a TaK)l(e MY3bIKa.JibHbie TeaTPbI H T . .ZJ:. Bee
' 3TH cl>opMbl OTJIHqaeT )l;OCTaTOqHO ycToJi:qHBblM KOHTHHfeHT 3aHHMaIOlllHXCSI B HHX .ueTeM, KOTOpbie Ca.MU WlU c no.MOW,b10 poaume.!leU 6bt6pa.nu

npe)l()l;e Bcero:
3JloyrroTpe6JieHHe pa3roBopaMH o MY3bIKe B Ylllep6 Henocpe.n:cTBeHHOMY o6meHHIO yqamHxcH c caMoii: MY3bIKOii, 3Byqameii: B )l(H-

a/lJl ce6R Hau6011ee npUB/leKame.!lbHblU eua .MY3blKa.tlbHOU ae.Rme.!lbHOCmU.

BOM HCnOJIHeHHH;
OTCYTCTBHe ueJieHanpaBJieHHOii: pa60TbI no HaKoIIJieHHIO pa3HO-

paccqHTaHHOH Ha HeCKOJibKO JieT o6yqeHH51.

YpoBeHb MHOrRX .ri;eTcKHX BHeKJiaccHbIX II BHelllKOJibHbIX M)'3bIKa.Jib-

o6pa3HOfO HCnOJIHHTeJibCKOfO penepTyapa B KJiacce;

cJia6oe BJia.n;eHHe yqHTeJieM xopMeiicTepcKHMH YMeHHHMH H Ha-

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B.
IlonoBa, MOCKOBCKaH xopoBaH lllKOJia BecHa no.ri; pyKOBO.UCTBOM A. C. IloHoMapeBa, )leTCKHH MY3bIKa.JibHbIH TeaTp ropo.ri;a MocKBbI no.ri; pyKOBO)l;CTBOM A.
<I>e.ri;opoBa, .ri;eTcKaH xopoBaH CTY)l;IIH
Pa.n;yra o6meo6pa3oBaTeJibHOii: lllKOJihI Ng 391 r. C.-IleTep6ypra no.ri;

BbIKaMH;
CJia6oe BJia.n;eHHe yqHTeJieM MeTO)l;OM noKa3a, KaK Ha,Zl;O H KaJ(
He Ha)l;O HCnOJIHHTb MY3bIKY;
He.ri;ocTaToqHoe BHHMaHHe K CHCTeMaTnqecKOMY pa3BHTHIO BOKa.JibHO-XOpOBOH KYJibTYPbiyqamnxcH;
OTCYTCTBHe CHCTeMHOCTH B pa3BHTHH YMeHHH H HaBbIKOB HHCTPYMeHTa.JlbHOfO MY3HUHpoBaHHH H MY3bIKa.JibHO-IIJiacTHqecKoii: .n;eHTeJibHOCTH yqamnxcH;
He.n;ocTaToqHoe BJia.ri;eHne yqHTeJieM YMeHHHMH npocl>eccHOHa.JibHoro aHa.JIH3a npOH3Be.ri;eHHii: (B onope Ha HJIJIIOCTPaUHIO HM OT)l;eJibHbIX <l>parMeHTOB), npe.ri;Ha3HaqeHHbIX MH CJIYIIIaHHH MY3bIKH;
Kpaii:He pe.n;Koe npHMeHeHHe yqnTeJieM YMeHHM MeHHTb cBoe
3HepreTHqecKoe COCTOHHHe B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT onpe.n;eJieHHOfO BH,Ua
MY3bIKa.JibHOii .n;eHTeJibHOCTH;
no.ri;MeHa ypoKa MY3bIKH KaK ypoKa BOCnHTaHHH H o6yqeHH51 ypoKOM pa3BJieqeHH51.

8.2. BHEKJIACCHA.SI .H BHEIDKOJihHA.SI

MY3hIKA.JlhHA.SI PAEOTA C YllAIUHMHCH
CHcTeMa o6mero MY3bIKa.JibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH BKJiroqaeT B ce6H
Hap51.ZI:Y c o6H3aTeJibHbIMH ypoKaMH MY3bIKH pa3H006pa3Hbie cl>opMbI
1 Ha MYJhIKllJibHOM <t>aKyJibTeTe MllfY no'lm Ka:lK,llhlit ro.n HJyqemi:e .nattttoro
icypca Ha'IHHaeTCH c BhIIlOJIHeHHH czy.neHTaMH 3CCe Ha TeMY Molt mo6HMblit y'!HTeJib
MYJbIKH. HHTepecHo, 'ITO 6oJibllIHHCTBO 6y.nymHx yqHTeneit MYJhIKH Ha nepsb1it nnaH
Bhl.llBHraIOT TaKHe ero Ka'leCTBa, KaK npo<t>eccHOHaJIHJM, cep.ne'IHOCTb, TOJiepaHTHOCTb H Tpe6oBaTeJibHOCTb.

152

TaKoro po.ri;a cl>opMbI MY3bIKa.JibHbIX 3aHHTHH cIIcTeMHbI no cBoeMY

co.uep)l(aHHIO, OHH CTp051TC51 no onpe.ri;eJieHHOM yqe6HOH nporpaMMe,

c.

n.

pyKoBo.ri;cTBOM B. C. PaqHHOH H .ri;p.

K .z:i;pymM cl>opMaM BHeKJiaccHoii H BHelllKOJibHOH MY3bIKa.JibHOii:
pa6oTbl OTHOC5ITC51 TaK Ha3bIBaeMbie MaCCOBble M)'lbIKaJibHO-npoceeTHTeJibCKHe (\>opMbl, npOBO)l;HMbie lllKOJIOH HJIII BHelllKOJibHblM yqpe)l()l;eHHeM. 3To - pa3Hoo6pa3Hbie MY3bIKa.JibHbie npa3.ri;HHKH, JieKUHII-KOHUepTbI, MY3bIKa.JibHbie HrpoTeKH H .ri;p. Mx maBHOe OTJIHqHe
OT cTa6HJibHbIX cPOPM BHeKJiaCCHOH H BHeIIIKOJibHOH pa60TbI 3aKJIIOqaeTC5I B TOM, qTO OHH opHeHTIIPOBaHbl Ha BCeX 6e3 HCKJIIOqeHHH
.ri;eTeii. TaKHe cl>opMbI pa6oTbI, KaK npaBHJIO, HeperyJIHPHhl, 3a HCKJIIOqeHIIeM BCHKoro po.ua a6oHeMeHTOB. UeJib TaKHX 3aHHTHH npo6y.ri;HTb y yqalllHXCH HHTepec K MY3bIKe H MY3blKaJibHbIM JaHHTH' HM, cnoco6CTBOBaTb pac1111IpeHHIO RX MY3bIKa.JlbHOf0 Kpyro3opa.
'
Ka)l()l;aH <t>opMa BHeKJiaccHoH H BHeIIIKOJibHOH pa6oTbI o6Jia.n;aeT
yttlIKa.JlbHbIMH, TOJibKO eii npHCYlllHMH B03MO)l(HOCT51MH npHBJieqeHHH yqalllHXCH K MY3bIKe, pacKpbITHH nepe.ri; HHMH 6oraTCTBa H MHOroo6pa3H51 MY3bIKa.JibHOro M'.CKYCCTBa, cl>opMHpoBamrn y HHX noTpe6HOCTH B o6meHHII c HHM. 0.ri;HaKO, KaK 6bl HR 6bIJIH BeJIIIKH RX B03MO)l(HOCTH, TOJibKO B cBoeii: COBOKYJIHOCTII c ypoKaMII MY3b1KH OHH
cnoco6HbI o6ecneqHTb HaH6oJiee noJIHOe HCTIOJib30BaHHe Bcex pecypcoB, KOTOpbIMH pacnoJiaraeT IIIKOJia HJIH BmflllKOJibHOe yqpe)l()l;eHHe.

153

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I'

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c yZAy6AeuublM UJy11euueM MY3b1Ku. ,n1rn TaKHx UIKOJI xapaKTepHbI: HpKo

Bhlp<l)l(eHHaH MY3bIKaJibH0-3CTeTJiqecKaH JJ;OMHHaHTa BCeH: llIKOJibHOH
)l(Ji3Hli, HaJIJiqJie liHJJ;liBli,llyaJibHOfO yqe6Horo llJlaHa IIIKOJibI, B KOTOpoM 11pe.n;MeTbI MY3hIKaJibH0-3cTeTttqecKoro I!HKJia BKJIIOqeHbI B ocHOBHOH (6a30BbIH) KOMllOHeHT, C03JJ;aHtte HaCbIIIJ;eHHOH MY3bIKaJibH0-3CTeTttqecKOH cpeJJ;bI.
Ba)l(Hoe 3HaqeHtte JJ;JIH pe3yJihTaTHBHOCTH BHeKJiaccHoH: H BHellIKOJibHOH pa60TbI HMeeT COBMeCTHaH MY3bIKaJibHaH .n;eHTeJibHOCTb
yqHTeJibCKOfO KOJIJieKTHBa, .n:eTeH Ii RX pomneJieH:, KOTOpaH llPOHBJIHeTCH B RX o6'heJJ;HHeHHHX B liCllOJIHHTeJibCKJie KOJIJieKTliBbI, B co3,lJ;aHHli MY3bIKaJibHbIX TeaTpoB, B 11poBe.n;eHttH JieKI!HH-KOHI!epToB,
MY3bIKaJibHO-JIHTepaTYPHbIX KOM11031iIIlill, B COBMeCTHOM 11ocemeHHli
MY3bIKaJibHbIX ClleKTaKJieH:, KOHI!epTOB c RX llOCJie.n;yIOIIIliM o6cy)K,[(eHlieM Ii T.JJ;.
Oco6oe MecTO B cttcTeMe BHeKJiaccHoH: Ii BHellIKOJibHOH pa6oTbI
3aHHMaIOT iJemcKue MY3blKllJlbHble UlKOJlbl, KOTOpbie, KaK yxe 6bIJIO
cKa3aHo, Ha3bIBaIOTCH Te11epb MY3bIKaJibHhlMH yqpe)K,[(eHHHMH ;::i;o110JIHHTeJibHOro o6pa3oBaHHH .n;eTeH:. 0Htt MOfYT HMeTb caMOCTOHTeJibHbIH
CTaTYC BHeIIIKOJlbHOfO MY3bIKaJibHOfO yqpe)K,[(eHHH liJlli C03,lJ;aBaTbCH
Ha 6a3e o6w;eo6pa3oBaTeJibHoro yqe6Horo 3aBe.n;eHHH.

B opraHJi3aI!HH H 11p0Be,n:emm BHeKJiaccHo:H Ii BHeIIIKOJibHOH My3bIKaJibHOH pa6oTbI aKTHBHoe yqacTtte 11pttHHMaIOT Bcepocctt:HcKoe
MY3bIKaJihHoe o6w;ecTBO H ero oT.n;eJieHHH, CoI03 KOMll03HTopoB PocCHH tt ero oT.n;eneHttH, <l>JiJiapMOHHH, MY3hIKaJibHbre TeaTpbr, Me)l(.n:yHapo.n;HbIM coI03 My3bIKaJibHbIX .n;eHTene:H. Ka)K]:(aH Ji3 3THX opraHtt3aI!HM o6na.n;aeT CBOHMli oco6bIMli B03MO)l(HOCTHMli 11ptto6meHHH 110.n:pacTaIOIIJ;ero 110KoJieHHH K MY3bIKaJibHOMy HCKYCCTBY, a BMecTe, B3aHMHO ,lJ;OllOJIHHH .n;pyr ;::i;pyra, OHR C03,n:aIOT ycJIOBliH MH peUieHHH pa3JIJiqHbIX 3a,n:aq MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH.
B I!eJioM BHeKJiaccHaH Ii BHeIIIKOJibHaH MY3bIKaJibHaH pa6orn 11ptt3BaHa ocyw;eCTBJIHTb npeeMCTBeHHOCTL c ypoKaMH M)'3LIKH, 06'beJJ;HHHHCb c HliMli llpe)K,[(e BCero I!eJibIO, Be.n;yw;HMli 3a,n:aqaMH Ii llpliHUHllaMli MY3bIKaJibH:oro o6pa3oBaHmr. 3rn pa6orn 11pe.n:crnBJIHeT co6oM: oTKpbJTYIO CliCTeMy, qyrKO peampyrow;yro Ha My3bIKaJibHYIO )l(Ji3Hb CTpa. Hbl Ii Mlipa B ueJIOM, Ha BHY'fPliIIIKOJibHbie co6bITHH, Ha KOHKpeTHO
Bb1pa)l(eHHhre MY3bIKaJibHhle HHTepecbr Ii 110Tpe6HOCTH .n;eTe:H pa3Horo
IIIKOJlbHOfO B03pacTa.
BHeKJiaccHaH Ii BHeIIIKOJibHaH MY3bIKaJibHaH pa6oTa B CHJIY cBoeM:
ClleI!tt<l>HKli ocyw;ecTBJIHeTCH oco6eHHO 3<l><l>eKTliBHO B Tex CJiyqaHX,
Kor;::i;a oHa HaueneHa Ha 110.n;.n:ep)l(aHtte HHTepeca .n;eTeM: K MY3bIKe, Ha
.n;ocTJi)l(eHtte Ii .n;eMOHCTpaI!HIO MY3bIKaJibHO-TBopqecKHx pe3yJibTaTOB
B caMbIX pa3HbIX <l>OP1".!aX: OT BbICTYllJieHHM .n;eTeH 11epe;::i; po.n;meJIHMli
liJlli COBMeCTHO c HliMH - ;::i;o yqaCTliH B pa3HOfO po;::i;a MY3bIKaJibHbIX

,[(eTCKtte MY3bIKaJibHbie IIIKOJibI 11ptt3BaHhl peUiaTb ,n:BOHKYIO 3a,n:aqy: .n;aBaTb yqaw;ttMCH cttcTeMy MY3hIKaJibHbIX 3HaHHH, YMeHHH Ii HaBbIKOB, I!eJieHa11paBJieHHO pacIIIttpHH Ii o6oramaH MY3bIKaJibHbIH OllbIT,
llptto6peTaeMbIH liMli Ha o6H3aTeJibHbIX ypoKax MY3bIKH, Ii B TO )Ke
BpeMH fOTOBliTb Hatt6oJiee o;::i;apeHHbIX li3 HHX K llOCJie.n;yrow;efr npo<]JeccuoHaJlbHOU My3bIKaJibHoH: .n;eHTeJibHOCTH. TaKHe IIIKOJibI cJiyxaT TeM

<t>ecTHBaJIHX Ii KOHKYpCax.

6a3HCOM, Ha KOTOpOM CTPOHTCH B JJ;aJibHeHIIIeM 11po<t>ecCHOHaJibHOe

MY3bIKaJibHoe o6pa3oBaHtte. IlporpaMMbI MY3bIKaJibHbIX UIKOJI BKJIIOqaIOT B ce6H KOMllJieKc MY3hlKaJihHo-ttc110JIHHTeJibCKHX, MY3bIKaJibHo-ttcTopttqecKHX Ii My3hlKaJibHO-TeopeTttqecKHx .n;HCI!HllJIHH. TeM ca-

RX caMOCTOHTeJibHaH, HH.lJ:HBH.n;YaJibHaH TBopqecKaH pa6orn. Ee3 caMoo6pa30BaHHH 11paKTttqecKH HeB03MO)l(HO CTaHOBJieHtte MY3bIKaJibHOH

MhlM JJ;OCTHraeTCH BCeCTOpOHHOCTb My3bIKaJibHOf0 pa3BliTHH yqaw;HXCH.

fOBOPH 0 <l>opMax BHeKJiaCCHOH Ii BHellIKOJibHOH pa60Thl, HeJib3H
He CKa3aTb Ii 0 peryJIHpHO llpOXOJJ;HIIJ;JiX B HaIIIeH CTpaHe MY3blKaJlbHbtX
CMOmpax, KOHKypcax, <]JecmUBOAJVC, O.llUMnuaiJax, 6naro;::i;apH KOTOPbIM .n;eTH
llOJiyqaIOT B03MO)l(HOCTb BbICTYllaTb Ha JIY'JlllliX CI!eHax ropo.n;a, 11poBO,lJ;HIIIero TaKlie 11pa3,lJ;HliKli. Ilo.n;o6Hhle <l>OPMJ>I pa6'0TbI 1103BOJIHIOT
He TOJibKO BbIHBJIHTb HOBbie MY3bIKaJibHbie TaJiaHTbI, HO Ii pac11pOCTpaHHTb JiyqllIHH MY3bIKaJibHbIH OllbIT opraHtt3aI!ttH BHeKJiaccHoM: H
BHellIKOJibHOH MY3bIKaJibHoM: pa6oTbI.
My3hIKaJibHbie KOHKYPCbI, <t>ecTHBaJIH, cMoTpbr qacTO opraHH3yIOTCH c llOMOIIJ;bIO pa.n;tto, TeJieBH.n;eHHH, qTo .n:aeT B03MO)l(HOCTb 1103HaKOMHTbCH c JiyqIIIHMli o6pa3I!aMH .n;eTCKOfO My3bIKaJibHOfO TBOpqecTBa Bo Bcex perttoHax cTpaHhr.

154

8.3. MY3bIKA.JlbHOE CAMOOBPA30BAHHE Y'IAIIJJIXCH

My3bIKaJibHoe caMoo6pa3oBaHtte yqamttxcH paccMaTpttBaeTCH KaK

KYJibTYPbI yqamttxcH, TeM 6onee qTO o6oeM o6H3aTeJibHbIX MY3hIKaJibHbIX 3aHHTHH, 11pe.n;Ha3HaqeHHbIX MH KaQOro pe6eHKa, B yqpe)K,[(eHHHX o6w;eo6pa3oBaTeJibHOfO Tlilla HBHO HeJJ;OCTaTOqeH.
My3hIKaJibHoe caMoo6pa3oBaHtte yqaw;ttxcH peantt3yeTcH B ,n:Byx
OCHOBHbIX a c 11 e KT ax:
CaM006pa30BaHtte, Ha11paBJieHHOe Ha caMOCTOHTeJibHOe ycBOeHlie Toro MaTepttaJia, KOTOpbIM HMeJI MeCTO Ha MY3bIKaJibHbIX 3aHHTliHX, 11poBO;[(HMbIX 110.n; pyKoBo,n:cTBOM yqttTeJIH MY3bIKtt;
caMoo6pa3oBaHtte, co.n:ep)l(aHtte KOToporo Bhrxo.n;ttT 3a paMKH,
011pe;::i;enHeMb1e ypoKaMH MY3bIKH HJIH .n;pyrttMH <t>opMaMtt, ocyw;ecTBmleMbIMH 110.n; PYKOBo.n;cTBOM 11e.n;arora-My3bIKaHTa.
My3bIKaJibHoe caMoo6pa3oBamre yqamttxcH, oco6eHHO Ha Ha'IaJibHoM: CTa,n:HH ero pa3BHTHH, 11pe.n;11onaraeT 011pe.n;eneHHoe ne;::i;aromqecKoe PYKOBO.UCTBO co CTOPOHbI yqttTeJIH MY3bIKH. 0Ho CBOJJ;HTCH K
CJie.n:YIOW:HM H a 11 p a B JI e H Ii H M:
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155

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CTHMYJIHpOBaHHe .n;eHTeJibHOCTH yqamHXCH, CBH3aHHOM c HX nocemeHHeM MY3bIKaJibHbIX TeaTpoB, KoHuepTHbIX 3aJIOB, MYJeeB H naMHTHHKOB, HMeIOIIlHX OTHOllieHHe K MY3bIKaJibHOH KYJibType po.n;Horo
Kpag;
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C03}l;aHHe ycJIOBHH .zvrn .n;eMOHCTpauHH yqamHMHCH CBOeM MYJbIKaJibHOH (yqacTHe B KOHuepTaX HT. n.) H MYJbIKaJibHO-npocBeTHTeJibCKOH (rne<PcKaH pa6oTa c MJia}l;IIIHMH IIIKOJibHHKaMH H T .n;.) .n;eHTeJibHOCTH;
npe.n;ocTaBJieHHe yqamHMCH BOJMOXHOCTH no.n;eJIHTbCH CBOHMH
MYJbIKaJibHbIMH BIIelJaTJieHHHMH, noJiyqeHHbIMH B CB06o.n;Hoe OT yqe6bl BpeMH, c ne.z:i;aroroM H .n;pyrHMH yqamHMHCH.
B CBHJH c BbIIIIecKaJaHHbIM cTaHoBHTCH 011eBH.n;HbIM, 'ITO o.n;HOM HJ
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BOITPOCLI H 3A,MHHH
1. PacKpoiiTe co.o;epxattHe focy.o;apcTBeHHoro CTaH.o;apTa 061.Qero Ha'HUihHoro MY3hIKaJibHoro o6pa30BaHmr.
2. OxapaKTepH3yiiTe co.o;epxaHHe focy.o;apcTBeHttoro CTaH.o;apTa 061.Qero
OCHOBHOro MY3bIKaJlbHOro o6pa30BaHHH.
3. OxapaKTepH3yiiTe 061.QHe aTpH6YTHBHble caoiicTBa nporpaMMbI no MY3bIKe .o;;rn 061.Qeo6pa3oaaTeJibHbIX IIIKOJI.
4. OxapaKTepHJyiiTe B npHBO.O:HMOM HHxe TeKCTe cyI.QHOCTb aaTOpcKoii
(JI. B. llIKOJIHp) TpaKTOBKH TepMHHOB Xy.o;oxecTBeHHaH .o;H.o;aKTHKa, xy.o;oxecTBeHHaH ne.o;arorwKa, ne.o;aromKa HCKYCCTBa; xapaKTep B3aHMOCBH3H
061.Qe.o;H.o;aKTH'IecKHX npHHuwnoa H npHHuwnoa ne.o;aromKH HCKyccTBa. ApryMeHTHpyiiTe CBOIO n03HUHIO no .o;aHHbIM BOrrpocaM.
06mM ne.z:i;arorHKa IIIKOJibI, KaK MbI JHaeM, Bb1pa60TaJia 06~e.LU1,lJ,aKTH11ecKHe npHHUHnbI: }l;OCTYIIHOCTb, HarJIH}l;HOCTb, HayqHOCTb, CBHJb
c )l(HJHbIO, CHCTeMaTH'IHOCTb H nocJie.n;oBaTeJibHOCTb ycBoeHHH JHa-

156

HHM H .z:i;p. 0.n;HaKO KIDK.D;bIH yqe6HbIH npe.n;MeT HMeeT CBOH oco6eHHOCTH, cneuH<PHKY, CBOH npHHUHIIhl H MeTO}l;bI rrpeno.n;aBaHHH. ,[le:MCTBHTeJibHO, ecJIH pe6eHOK He BbIYlJHT Ta6JIHUY )'MHOXeHHH, OH He
CMOXeT nepeMTH K peIIIeHHIO 6oJiee CJIO)l{HbIX MaTeMaTH'IeCKHX Ja.z:i;aq;
He JHaH 6YKB H cJioroB, He HayqHTCH 'IHTaTb. B HCKYCCTBe xe no.z:i;o6Hhie aHaJIOfHH .n;aJieKo He BCer.z:i;a npaBoMepHbI: He JHaH HOT, MO)l(HO
npeKpacHo neTb B xope H no.n;6HpaTh MeJIO}l;HH Ha MyJhIKaJibHOM HHCTp)'MeHTe, He JHaH Teopmr MYJbIKH, CJIYIIIaTb CHM<POHHIO HJIH KOHuepT, a caMOe maBHOe, - a.z:i;eKBaTHO BOCnpHHHMaTb HX H )'MeTb paJ6HpaTbCH B o6pa3HOM CTpoe npOHJBe.n;eHH:it
TaKHM o6paJOM, MYJbIKa KaK yqe6HhIM npe.n;MeT, npe.n;cTaBJIHIO!IllHH o6paJOBaTeJihHyIO o6JiaCTh 11CKYCCTBO, BBH.z:i;Y 3TOM CBOeM oco6oH: IIPHPO}l;bl o6HJaH HMeTh H CBOIO co6cTBeHHyIO .n;H.z:i;aKTHKY - xyOOJICeCm6eHHYIO ouoa1cmwcy, T. e. npMHUHnbI H MeTO}l;bI, pacKpbIBaIOIllHe ero cneuI;I<PHKY' }l;OJI)l(Hbl KopeHHbIM o6paJOM OTJIH'IaTbCH OT
,npnHunnoB o6meif .n;H.z:i;aKTHKH. Xy.z:i;oxecrneHHM .n;H.z:i;aKTMKa, HJIH TepMHHoJiorn11ecKH paBHOJHa'IHhie eM: xy.z:i;oxecTBeHHaH ne.z:i;arornKa,
ne.z:i;arornKa HCKYCCTBa, no cpaBHeHHIO c o6meif rre.z:i;arorHKOH .z:i;ocTaTO'IHO MOJIO}l;M BeTBb HayKH, OTCTaMBaIOIIlaH npaBO HCKYCCTBa HMeTb
a.z:i;eKBaTHbie cnoco6bI pacKpbITHH cBoero co.z:i;epxaHHH H <PopM 6bITOBamrn, T.e. npeno.n;aBaHHH HCKYCCTBa KaK UCKyccm6a. IlpH TOM, 'ITO B
HaCTOHIIlee BpeM,I\( npouecc paJpa6oTKH xy.z:i;oxecTBeHHOM .n;H.z:i;aKTHKH
npoTeKaeT Han6Iee HHTeHCHBHO, caMa 3Ta H}l;eH, KaK BH.z:i;HO HJ BhlrnecKaJaHHOro, po.n;HJiaCb eme Ha Jape CTaHOBJieHHH OTe'IeCTBeHHOfO
MaccoBoro MY~bIKaJibHOro o6paJOBaHHH.
EoJiee Toro, cero.n;HH, Kor.z:i;a HHTerpaunoHHbie npou~ccbl B IIIKOJie
yxe IIPHBO,l(HT K TOMy, 'ITO npeno.n;aBaHHe MHOfHX llIKOJibHblX npe.z:i;MeTOB He o6xo.n;HTCH 6eJ HCKYCCTBa (T.e. o6yqeHHe onnpaeTCH He TOJihKO
Ha npHHUHnbI o6meH: .n;H.z:i;aKTHKH, HO H Ha npMHUHnbI ne.z:i;arorHKH
HCKYCCTBa), Ha6JIIO}l;aeTCH reH.n;eHUHH OCYilleCTBJIHTb o6paJOBaHHe B
e.n;HHCTBe npHHUHnOB H MeTO}l;OB npeno.n;aBaHHH OCHOB HaYKH H HCKYCCTBa. 3Ta HHHOBaUHOHHaH TeH.z:i;eHUHH nOJBOJIHT o6ecne'IHTh <PopMHPOBaHHe y .n;eTeH ueJIOCTHOH KapTHHbl MHpa B rapMOHHH a6cTpaK1

THO-JIOfH'IeCKOro H o6paJHOfO MbIIIIJieHHH

5 .ll,ai1:Te 06my10 xapaKTepHCTHKY ypoKa MY3hIKH KaK ypoKa HCKYCCTBa.

6. OxapaKTepH3YiiTe ypoK MY3hIKH c 061.Qene.o;arorwiecKHX rro3HUHii.

7. C<popMyJiwpyi1:Te ocHoBHLie Tpe6oaaHHH K coapeMeHHOMY YPOKY MY3hIKH.

8. KaKHe H3 rrepeqwcJieHHhIX He.o;ocTaTKOB B pa6oTe yqwTemc MY3hIKH Ha

ypoKe Bbl cqwTaeTe Tpy.n;tto npeo.o;oJIHMhIMH?
9. IloqeMy aocnpHHTHe MY3bIKH HeJib3H OTO)l()];eCTBJIHTb co CJiyIIIaHHeM
MY3bIKH?
10. lJTo cnoco6cTByeT .o;ocTHXeHHIO ueJIOCTHOCTH ypoKOB MY3LIKH?

'
1CM.: MYJbIKll.JlhHOe o6paJoBaHHe BlIIKone / Ilo.u pe.u.11.B.
lliKollilp. - M., 2001. C.6-7.
157

11. BbICKIDKHTe CBOe OTHOllleHHe K BOnpocy 0 KPHTepIDIX OTMeTKH Ha ypoKe

MY3hIKH.

12. OxapaKTepHJyil:Te BOJMO)l(HOCTH ne,n;arorH'IeCKOil: oueHKH Ha ypoKe

MY3hIKH.
13. KaKHe rnaBHhie TPY.llHOCTH BhI BH.n;HTe ,n;;rn yqHTem1 B opraHHJa.U:HH H
npoBe.n;eHHH COBpeMeHHOro ypoKa MY3hIKH?
14. OxapaKTepHJYttTe cpopMhI BHeKJiaccHoil: MYJhIKaJihHOtt pa60ThI co
lllKOJihHHKaMH.

15. PacKpoil:Te cpopMhI BHelllKOJihHOtt MYJhIKaJihHoil: pa60ThI.

16. B tJeM JaKJI10tJaeTCH CBHJh ypoKOB MY3hIKH c BHeKJiaccHott H BHelllKOJihHOtt MY3hIKaJihHOtt pa6oTOit?

17. 11pHBe,llHTe B03M0)1(Hhle CBH3H YPOKOB MY3hIKH c BHeKJiaCCHOtt pa6oT0tt HJ onhITa Balliett lllKOJihHOtt )l(H3HH.
18. OxapaKTepHJyttTe OCHOBHhie HanpaBJieHHH, cpopMhl, acneKThI H qepThl MY3hIKaJihHOro CaMoo6pa30BaHHH yqall(HXCH.
19. 11pHBe.n;HTe npHMephI Balliett pa60Th1 no caMoo6paJoBaHHJO.

r.

Ap q a)!( H HK 0 Ba JI.
11pocpeCCHH - Y'fHTeJib MY3hIKH: 11oco6He ,llJIH
yqHTeJIH. - M., 1983.
BocnpHHTHe MYJhIKH I 110,n; pe,n;. B. H. MaKCHMOBa. - M., 1980.
JI e 6 0 B 11. (Ac a cl> he B E. B.). AHaJIH3 noHHTHH XY.llO)l(eCTBeHHOe BOTHOllleHHH K npeno.n;aBaHHIO MYJhIKH B Tpy.n;oBOtt lllKOJie
MyJhIKaJihHoe
BOCIIHTaHHe B lllKOJie / CocT. O.A.ArrpaKCHHa. - Bhrn. 2. - M., 1976.
f p o,n; J e H c KaH H.JI. llIKOJihHHKH CJIYIIIaJOT MYJhIKY. - M., 1969.
Ty JI 0 Ba
11. PaJBHTHe .zteTCKOro fOJIOCa B npouecce o6yqeHHH neHHIO. -

I/

r.

M., 1992.
Tepe HT he Ba H. A. Xy,n;o)l(ecrneHHO-TBopqecKoe paJBHTHe wKOJihHHKOB
Ha ypoKax MY3bIKH B npouecce ueJIOCTHOro BocnpHHTHH pa3JIH'IHhIX BH,n;OB
HCKYCCTBa. - M., 1990.
IO co B E. 11. 0 B3aHMo.n;ettcTBHH HCKYCCTB B paJBHTHH .n;eTett Ha HHTerpHpoBaHHhIX JaHHTHHX
Kor,n;a Bee HCKYCCTBa BMecTe ... 11oJIHXY.llO)l(eCTBeHHoe
paJBHTHe yqall(HXCH pa3JIH'IHhIX BOJpaCTHhIX rpynn: 11oco6He ,llJIH yqHTeJIH
(E. 11. IOcoB, T.11. CyxoBa, JI. CaBeHKOBa) I 110,n; o6m. pe,n;. E. 11. IOcoBa. -

/I

r.

M., 1995.

PEKOMEH,lzyEMAH JIHTEPATYPA
OCHOBHAJI
A6,n;y JIJI H H 3. E. Teop1rn H MeTO.llHKa npeno.n;aBaHHH MYJhIKH II MyJhIKaJihHoe o6pa30BaHHe: MeTO,llOJIOro-MeTO,llH'IeCKaH no.n;roTOBKa yqHTeJIH MY3hIKH. - M., 2000.

IO. E. HaCTO.JihHaH KHHra IIIKOJihHoro y<nrreJIH-MyJhIKIDITa. - M., 2000.

Ka 6 a JI e B c K H tt
E. OcHOBHhie npHH.U:HnhI H MeTO.llhI nporpaMMhI no
MY3hIKe ,llJIH o6meo6pa30BaTeJihHOtt lllKOJihI
11porpaMMHO-MeTO,llH'IeCKHe
MaTepHaJihI. MyJhIKa. HatJaJihHaH lllKona. - M., 2001.
KoHuenuHH co,n;ep)l(aHHH o6paJoBaTeJihHOH b6JiaCTH 11CKYCCTBO B 12JieTHett lllKOJie
Co,n;ep)l(aHHe o6paJoBaHHH B .n;BeHa.n;uaTHJieTHett lllKOJie
110,n; pe.n;. A. <I>. KHceJiesa. - M., 2000.
K pa c H JI h H HK o Ba M. C. 11porpaMMa K BeplllHHaM MyJhIKaJihHOro HCKYCCTBa
11cKyccTBo B lllKOJie. - 2002. - N2 6.
MyJhIKaJihHOe o6paJOBaHHe B. lllKOJie: YtJe6. noco6He I 110,n; pe,n;. JI. B. llIKoJIHp. - M., 2001.

An He B

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11

11

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11 on o B B. C., X a JI a 6 y 3 a p h 11. B. TeopHH H MeTO.llHKa MY3hIKaJihHOro

BOCnHTaHHH. - Cl16., 2000.
11porpaMMHO-MeTO.llH'IecKHe MaTepHaJJhI. MyJhIKa. HatJaJihHaH lllKOJia
CocT. E. O . .HpeMeHKo. - M., 2001.

11porpaMMHO-MeTO,llH'IeCKHe MaTepHaJihl. 11pHMepHhie nporpaMMhI OCHOBHOro o6mero o6paJoBaHHH. MyJhIKa I CocT. A. M. BoMHCKHtt, H. H. fapa. -

M., 2001.

CT a po 6 H H c K H tt C. JI. YpoK MYJhIKH lllKOJie. - 2003. - N2 2.

ypoK HCKYCCTBa

11 My3hIKa B

TeopHH H MeTO.llHKa MY3hIKaJihHoro o6paJoBaHHH .n;eTett: HayqHo-MeTO.llH'IecKoe noco6He I JI. B. llIKOJIHp, M. C. KpaCHJihHHKOBa, E .
KpHTCKaH. -

..a;.

M., 1998.

LI:O 11OJIHl1TEJibHAJI
A 6 ,n; y JI JI H H 3. E. TeopHH H npaKTHKa MYJhIKaJihHoro o6yqeHHH B o6meo6paJoBaTeJihHOtt lllKOJie: 11oco6He MH yqHTeJIH. - M., 1983.

158

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JIIOfoIUIHH .D;eTeii: H HCKYCCTBO, HBJIHeTCH
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KYJihTYPbI.

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B 11106o:H yqe6HoH: rrporpaMMe rnaBHoe - 3To orrpe.n;eneHHaH 11ornKa rro.u6opa H HOCTpoeHMH yqe6Horo MaTepMa.rra, KOTOpaH H HBJIHeTCH
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(AH H c HM o B fl B. MeTO.UHKa IIpeIIo,uaBaHHH MY3blKH: rrpo6JieMa CTaHOBJieHHH rrpo<t>eccHOHaJibHOfO CTHJIH // MeTO.uonoro-MeTo,uHqecKaH IIO.UroTOBKa yqHTeJIH MY3blKH: MaTepHaJibl VII Me)l(.uyuapo,uHo:lt Hayqtto-IIpaKTffqeCKO:lt KOH<l>epeHUHH /
OTB. pe.u. 3. E.A6,uyJIJIHH, E. B. HHKonaeBa. - M.,

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yqHTeJIH MY3blKH.
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HCIIOJIHeHHIO MY3blKH.
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5. OxapaKTepH3y:l1Te co.uep)J(aHHe wccne,uoBaTeJibCKo:lt ,ueHTeJibHOCTH yqHTeJIH MY3hlKH.
6. B qeM Haxo.uHT cBoe Bblpa)l(eHHe HH.UHBH.llYaJibHbl:lt CTHJib yqHTeJIH MY3blKH?
7. B qeM Bbl BH.llHTe B03MO)l(HOCTH aprrepaIIeBTHqecKoro B03.Uei1cTBHH
MY3hlKH Ha yqaw:HxcH?
8. KaK Bbl OTHOCHTeCb K cne.uyrow:eMy BblCKa3blBaHHIO MY3blKaHTa-IIe.uarora
B.AHHCHMOBa, pacKpbrnarow:eMy xapaKTep B3aHMOCBH3H pa3JIHqHblX
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CTaHOBHTCH KOJIJieKTHBbl e.n;HHOMbIIIIJieHHHKOB, opraHH30BaHHbie no
npHHUHny TBopqecKoit MacTepcKOH BO rnaBe c aBTOpl1:TeTHbIM MacTepoM.

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A 6 .u y JI JI H H 3. E. TeopHH H MeTO.UHKa rrpeIIo.uaBaHHH MY3blKH // My3blKaJibHOe o6pa3oBaHHe: MeTo.uonoro-MeTO)l.HqecKaH IIo,uroTOBKa yqHTeJIH MY' 3blKH. - (Cep. Ile.uarornqecKH:lt yHHBepcHTeT). - M., 2000.
f AH H c H M 0 B B. MeTO.UHKa IIpeIIO)l.aBaHHH MY3blKH: IIp06JieMbl CTaHOBJieHHH IIpo<t>eccHOHaJibHoro CTHJIH // MeTo.uonoro-MeTO,unqecKasi: IIo.uroToBKa yqHTeJIH MY3blKH: MaTepHaJibl VII Me)l()l.yuapo,uHo:lt Hayqtto-IIpaKTHqecKo:lt
KOH<l>epeHUHH /OTB. pe.u. 3. E. A6.uyJIJIHH, E. B. HHKonaeBa. - M., 2002.
An He B IO. E. HacTOJibHaH KHHra UIKOJibHoro yqHTeJIH-MY3blKaHTa. - M.,

n.

2000.
My3blKaJibHOe o6pa3oBaHHe B urKone: Yqe6. IIoco6He / Ilo.u pe.u.
nsi:p. -

JI. B. llIKo-

M., 2001.
e T p y llI H H B.11. My3blKaJibHaH IICHXOTepaIIHH: TeopHH H IIpaKTHKa:

Yqe6. rroco6He. 0 II 0 B B.

BOCIIHTaHHH. -

M., 1999.
a JI a 6 y 3 a p b

c.' x

n. B. TeopHH H MeTO)l.HKa MY3blKaJibHOf0

Cil6., 2000.
,ll,OilOJIHHTEJibHNI

A II pa Kc H Ha 0. A. 0 COBpeMeHHblX rpe6oBaHHHX K IIO,UfOTOBKe yqHTeJIHMY3blKaHTa .unsi: o6w:eo6pa3oBaTeJibHOi1 WKOJibl // My3blKaJibHo-rre.uarorn-

IUHX yqHTeJieH MY3blKH ... Me)l(.D;y BOKaJibHblM, xopOBbIM HCnOJIHHTeJib-

qecKaH rro,uroTOBKa yqHTeJIH. - M., 1973.

A II p a Kc H H a 0. A. 0 IIpase yqHTeJIH MY3blKH Ha 3KcrrepHMeHT // My3blKaJibHOe BOCIIHTaHHe B urKone / CocT. O.A.ArrpaKcirna. - Bbrrr. 13. - M., 1978.
Apqa)l(HHKOBa JI.f. Ilpo<t>eccHH -yqmeJib MY3blKH. - M., 1983.
Ac a <l> be B E. B. l136paHHbie cTaTbH o MY3bIKaJibHOM IIpocsew:eHHH H o6-

CTBOM H CB060.D;HbIM BJia.n;eHHeM rOJIOCOM, HMnpOBH3aUHeH, YMeHil-

pa30BaHHH / Ilo)l. pe.u. E. M. OpnoBo:lt. - JI.>1973.

TeJIH lllKOJI, B KOTOpbIX npoBO.D;HTCH rrpaKTHKa czy.n;eHTOB.

Tor.n;a He 6y.n;eT nponacrn: Me)l(.D;y 06pa30BaTeJI1>Hoit H npo<l>ecc110HaJibHOH COCTaBJIHlOIUHMH rrpouecca rro.n;roTOBKH czy.n;eHTOB -

176

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11To OHH npoHH3aHbI ,llyxoBHbIM co,llep)l(aHHeM caMo:H MY3bIKH. Bnaro,llapH !3TOMY ,llaHHbIH npouecc rrpHo6peTaeT He TOJibKO xy,llo)l(eCTBeHH0-!3CTeTH11ecKyio, HO H HpaBCTBeHH0-!3TH11eCKYlO HanpaBJieHHOCTb.
A caMH MHpOB033peH11ecKHe y6e)K)leHHH o6Jia)lalOT oco6o:H !3Heprn:HHO-.llYIIleBHOH CHJIOH B03,lleHCTBHH Ha pe6eHKa, Ha ero JIH11HOCTb 1.

1 CM.: u; e JI Ko B H HK o a E. M. MHpOB033peffiecKHe y6e)IQJ;eHIDI rrenarora-MYJbIKaHm (IlOHCK l1X CMbICJia B JlHaJIOre c HaYKOil:, c HCKYCCTBOM 14 c CaMHM co6oil). - M., 1998.

178

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179

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YTOqHHTb, .1lOIIOJIHHTb, eKoppeKTHPOBaTb, BbILI:eJIHB IIpli 3TOM Ha rrepBbIH IIJiaH B KaqeeTBe Be;::r:yrueH: KaKyIO-JIH6o H3 HHX.
Erue 6onee BapttaTHBHbIM rrpe;::r:eTaBJIHeTeH BbI6op yqttTeJieM rrpttopttTeTHbIX MH Hero rrpttHUHIIOB MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHttH. TaK,
HarrpttMep, 0.1lHH Y'IHTeJib MO)J(eT OTLI:aBaTb rrpe;::r:rroqTeHtte B eBoeH:
;::r:eHTeJibHOeTH IIPHHUHIIY yeTaHOBJiemrn HHTerpaTHBHbIX eBH3eH My3bIKH e pa3JIJiqHbIMH BH;::r:aMH HeKyeeTBa, ;::r:pyroH: - orpaHJiqJiT 3TY
ecpepy ;::r:eHTeJibHOeTH eBH3bIO MY3bIKH H JIHTepazypbI.
1
CM.: Ax Me III e B E. A. CTaHOBJieHHe JIHqHoCTHoii rrpocj:leccHOHaJihHOii lIOJHUHH
Y'fHTeJIJI MYJblKH B rrpouecce MeTO.D;OJIOm:qecKOH lIO.D;fOTOBKH: ):{He KaH.D;. rre.n;. Ha.YK. -

M, 1995.

Ilpe;::r:rroqTeHHH yqHTeJIH M)'3bIKH no OTHOIIIeHHIO K eo;::r:ep)J(aHHIO MYbIKa.JlbHOro o6pa3oBaHRH Mo:ryr 6bITh TaK)J(e BeebMa pa3JIJiqHbIMH. Eentt
>.1lHH yqHTeJib eqHTaeT ueJieeoo6pa3HbIM aKTHBHOe tteIIOJib30BaHHe Ha
OKe M)'3bIKaJibHO-IIJiaeTH:qeeKOH ;::r:eHTeJibHOeTH (HapH;::r:y e xopOBbIM
eHtteM H eJIYIIlaHtteM M)'3bIKH), TO ;::r:pyroH: yqHTeJib eo~eT B03MO)J(HbIM
ueJieeoo6pa3HbIM B Kaqeerne. .1lOIIOJIHHTeJibHOro K oeHOBHbIM BH;::r:aM
eHTeJibHOeTH ttHeTpYMeHTaJibHoe MY3HUHPOBaHHe ;::r:eTeH.
Bb16op MeTO;::r:oB MY3bIKaJibHoro BoerrHTaHRH H o6yqeHRH LI:JIH pa36UUR rrpocpeeettOHaJibHOH rro3ttUHH yqHTeJIH MY3bIKH rrpaKTttqeeKH He
rpaHJiqeH. Ilpocpt\eeHOHaJibHCUI II03HUHH yqHTeJIH M)'3bIKH, KaK H no
THOIIIeHHIO KO Bee)M: ;::r:pyrHM KOMIIOHeHTaM MY3bIKaJibHOro o6pa30Ba' orrpe;::r:eJIHeTeH 3L1:eeb eBOHMH JIJiqHOCTHbIMH rrpe;::r:rroqreHHHMJi, ypoBiHeM MY3bIKaJibHOH H o6rue:R KyJibTYPbI rnKOJibHHKOB, yeJIOBHHMH opraHtt3aUttH M)'3bIKaJibHbIX 3aHHTH:H, HarrpaBJieHHOeThIO pa60TbI IIlKOJibI.
CmanoBAenwo 3TOH II03HUHH erroeo6eTBYJOT eJieLI:YJOrutte H arr p a Be H H H eaMoeTOHTeJibHOH pa6oTbI yqttTeJIH MY3bIKtt:
. H3Y'JOHHe oeHOBHbIX TeopeTHKO-MeT0.1lJiqeeKHX fIOJIO)J(eHHH rre:;;::r:arorHKH, OTHOeHrueH:eH K o6JiaeTH M)'3bIKaJibHOro o6pa30BaHHH, B
'epaBHeHHH H eorroeTaBJieHHH pa3HbIX B3rJIH;::r:OB H B033peHtt:H;
Bbl6op Ha 3TOH oeHOBe Hatt6oJiee rrpe;::r:rroqTJiTeJibHOH KOHUeIIUHH H o6oeHOBaHHe eBoero BbI6opa;
pa3pa6oTKa H arrpo6aUHH eBOHX rre;::r:aroffiqeeKHX HOBaUHM B rrpaKTJiqeeKOH pa6oTe e yqaIUHMHeH.
Ilpoueee ee eTaHOBJieHHH H;::r:eT no rryTH OT perrpo;::r:yKTHBHOro K
: KOHUeIITYa.JibHO-TBOpqeeKOMY H rrpOHBJIHeTeH B rrepBYJO oqepe;::r:b B
erroeo6HoeTH yqttTeJIH MY3bIKH YMeTb o6oeHoBaTb eBoe BH;::r:eHtte eyrnHOeTtt, opraHtt3aUHH H oeyrneeTBJieHHH rrpoueeea MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH.
JIJiqHoeTHaH rrpocpeeettOHaJibHaH II03HUHH - Heo6X0.1lHMaH H Ba)J(HaH qaeTb MaeTepeTBa Y'JHTeJIH MY3bIKH, OKa3bIBaIOIUaH BJIHHHHe Ha
Bee HarrpaBJieHHH ero MY3bIKaJibHo-rre.uarorttqeeKoH: ;::r:eHTeJibHOeTtt.
TB op q e e K tt H: rr o ;::r: x o ;::r: KaK HeoneMJieMrur eoeTaBJIHIOIUaH rrpocpeeettoHa.JibHOH II03HUHH yqttTeJIH MY3bIKH ;::r:aeT eM)' B03MO)J(HOeTb
rro-HOBOMY YBHLI:eTb eo;::r:ep)J(aHtte H rrpoueee MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH KaK B ueJIOM, TaK H B ero OT;::r:eJibHbIX aerreKTax, HaMeTHTb rreperreKTHBY eBoero ;::r:arrbHeitrnero rrpocpeeettOHaJibHoro poem, 6oJiee orrpe.ueneHHO rrpe;::r:eTaBHTb eBoe rrpe;::r:Ha3HaqeHtte B MY3bIKa.JibHOM o6pa30BaHHH KaK ;::r:eHTeJIH MY3bIKa.JibHOH KyJibTYPbI.

BOilPOChl H 3MAHHH
1. OxapaKTep1f3yihe

cou:mUihHhIH cTazyc yqHTemr MY3hIKH B o6mecTBe.

Bbl BH,!J;HTe BJIHJI:HHe MHPOB033J'>eHHJI: yqHTeJIJI: MY3bIKH Ha MY3bIKaJibHo-06pa3oaaTeJibHbIH npou:ecc?
3. PacKpoftTe cyrn;HOCTb MY3bIKaJibHOCTH KaK Ka'!ecTBa JIH'IHOCTH yqHTeJIJI:

2. B '!eM

MY3bIKH.

192
7

A6)lyUHH

193

4. KaK Bbl npe.a.cTawrneTe ce6e .a.esITeJibHOCTb yqaTem1 MY3blKH KaK MY3blKaHTa?

5. OxapaKTepH3yHTe 3MnaTHil:HOCTb KaK Kaqecrno JIHqHOCTH yqHTem1 My3bIKH.
6. B qeM npmrnmi:eTcH KpeaTHBHOCTb yqHTem1 MY3blKH?
7. B qeM JaKJ110qaeTCH cymttoCTb npo<}>eccHOHaJibHoro MbIIUJieHHH H caMoco3HaHHH KaK Kaqecrn JIHqHOCTH yqHTeJIH MY3b1KH?
8. CqHTaeTe JIH Bbl B03MO:>KHbIM npHqHcJIHTb MY3blKaJibHo-ne.a.arorH'!ecKYIO HHTYHUHIO K Ba:>KHblM KaqecTBaM JIHqHOCTH yqHTeJIH MY3blKH?
9. PacKpoil:Te apTHCTH3M KaK KaqecTBo JIHqHoCTH yqHTeJIH MY3blKH.
10. l1.3JIO:>KHTe cyiuHOCTb JIHqHOCTHOH npoQ:>ecCHOHaJibHOH no3HUHH yqHTeJIH MY3blKH.
11. KaKoe H3 npo<}>eCCHOHaJibHblX KaqecTB JIHqHOCTH y<!HTeJIH MY3blKH Bbl
cqHTaeTe He06XO)J.HMblM .a.o6aBHTb K npe)J.JIO:>KeHHOMY nepern10?
12. KaKHMH JIHqHoCTHblMH KaqecrnaMH, no MHeHHIO III.AAMottaWBHJIH, )J.OJI)l(eH 06m1,D;aTb y<!HTeJib?
'
13. BbrnBHTe o6mee H oco6eHHOe B BblCKa3blBaHHHX E. B. AcaQ:>beBa H
.U. E. Ka6aJieBcKoro o MHOrorpaHHOCTH npo<}>eccHH yqHTeJIH MY3blKH:

B. B.Aca<l>beB: My3bIKalibHbIH ne.uaror B 06meo6pa30BaTeJibHOH

IIIKOJie He ,llOJDKeH 6bITb "cneuoM" B O,llHOH KaKOH-JIM6o o6naCTM MY3bIKM. OH ..llOIDKeH 6bITb M TeopeTMKOM, M pereHTOM, HO B To )Ke BpeMH
M MY3bIKaJibHbIM McTopMKOM, M MY3bIKaJibHbIM 3THorpa<l>oM, M MCnonHMTeneM, BJia,ueIOW:MM MHCTpyMeHTOM, qT06bI BCef,lla 6bITb fOTOBbIM HanpaBMTb BHMMaHMe B TY MJIM ,llpyryIO CTOpoHy. fJiaBHOe )Ke, OH
.uoIDKeH 3HaTb MY3bIKalibHYJO JIMTepaTypy, To ecTb MY3bIKalibHbie npoM3Be.ueHMH B B03MO)f(HO 60JibIIIeM KOJil{qecTBe, qTo6bI He qYBCTBOBaTb
B MY3bIKaJibHOH 3BOJI10UMM npOBaJIOB OT KOMil03MTOpa K KOMil03MTOpy MJIM 3MHIOW:MX nycTOT B TBopqecTBe O,llHOfO KOMil03MTopa.
(Ac a <P be B E. B. My3b1Ka a coBpeMeHHon o6me-
o6paJoBaTeJibHOil: WKOJie // Aca<}>1>ea E. B. M.36patt Hble CTaTbH o MY3blKaJibHOM npocaemeHHH H o6pa3oaaHHH I no.a. pe.a.. E. M. OpJIOBOH. - M.; n.,

1965. -

c. 65.)

,lJ,. B. Ka6aneBcmH:: Kpyr 3HaHMH M HaBbIKOB, KoTopbIMM .uon)f(eH

o6na,uaTb KBaJIM<l>MUMPOBaHHbIH yqMTeJib MY3bIKM, xopoIIIo M3BecTeH.
IloMMMO o6w;ene.uarorMqecKOH IlO,llfOTOBKM, OH o6.sl3aTeJibHO ,llOIDKeH
yMeTb MrpaTb Ha cpopTenMaHo (Ha 6rurne MJIM aKKop.ueoHe), BJia,ueTb
qeTKOH M Bbipa3MTeJibHOH .llMPM)f(epcKo-xopoBOH TeXHMKOH, yMeTb
neTb, OH ,llOJI)f(eH MMeTb IlO,llfOTOBKY B o6nacTM MCTOpMM M TeopMM
MY3bIKM, YMeTb TpaHcnoHMpoBaTb no HOTaM M Ha cnyx, no.uo6paTb
HeCJIO)f(HOe conpoBo)f(,lleHMe K Meno.UHM. CnoBoM, yttumeJlb MY3btKu
aoAJICeH 6btmb MY3bl1'aAbHO o6pa308QHHblM neaa2020M, B npOTMBHOM
cnyqae OH 6y.ueT no.uo6eH yqMTen10 MaTeMaTMKM, He cnoco6HoMy peIIIMTb 3a,uaqM, KOTOpbie 3a,uaeT CBOMM yqeHMKaM ...
0.uHaKo 3HaTb cBo:H. npe.uMeT yqMTen10 MY3bIKM eme He .uocTaTOqHo.
OH .llOJI)f(eH A106umb MY3bIKY KaK )f(MBOe MCKYCCTBO, eMy caMoMy npMHocHmee Pa.llOCTb, OH ,llOJI)f(eH OTHOCMTbCH K MY3bIKe c BOAHeHUeM M

194

' HMKor.ua He 3a6bIBaTb, qTo HeJib3H Bbl3BaTb B .ue:rnx mo60Bb K TOMy,

qero He JIIOOMillb CaM, YBJieqb MX TeM, qeM caM He yBJieqeH.
(Ka 6 a JI e a c K H H. ,U. E. OcHOBHble npHHUHnbI H
MeTO)J.bl nporpaMMbl no MY3b1Ke MH o6meo6pa30BaTeJibHOH llIKOJibl // nporpaMMHO-MeTO)J.HqecKHe MaTepHaJibl. My3bIKa. HaqaJibHfilI IlIKOJia. - M.,

2001. -

c. 30-31.)

PEKOMEH.II;YEMAR JIHTEPATYPA
OCHOBHNI
A 6 .a. y JI JI H H 3. E. TeopHH H MeTOil.HKa npeno.a.aBaHHH MY3blKH // My3blKaJibHOe o6pa30BaHHe: MeTO)J.OJIOro-MeTO)J.HqecKaH no,a,roTOBKa yqHTeJIH My3blKH. Cepm1 ne.a.arom'leCKHH yHHBepcHTeT. - M., 2000.
Ee36opo.a.0Ba JI.A YqHTeJib My3blKH// Ee36opo.a.oaan.A., AJIHeB IO.E.
MeTOiJ.HKa npeno.a.aBaHlliI My3bIKH B o6meo6pa30BaTeJibHbIX yqpe:ll<.tleHHHX: Yqe6.
noco6He MH CTYiJ.eHTOB MYJblKaJibHblX iaKYJibTeTOB ne.a.ay30B. - M'., 2002.
M a H. Ko B c Ka H n. C. ApTHCTH3M yqHTeJIH MY3b1KH: Yqe6. noco6He I no.a.
pe.a.. 3. E. A6,D;yJIJIHHa. - M., 1998.
Ha)]. Hp 0 Ba n. n. CTpyttbl OOlllHOCTH: TeopeTHqecKHe OCHOBbl pa3BJITIDI 3Mnanrn y C'I)'iJ.eHTOB MYJblKaJibHo-ne.a.arornqecKoro cf>aKYJibTeTa. - BJia,nHMHp, 1999.
CTapqeyc M.C. C11yx MY3blKaHTa. - M., 2003.
I.J, e JI Ko B H HK o B E. M. MHpOB033pettqecKHe y6e}l<.tleHHH ne.a.arora-My3blKaHTa (noHCK HX CMblCJia B )J.HaJiore c HayKOH, c HCKYCCTBOM H c caMHM
co6on): Yqe6. noco6He /no.a. pe.a.. 3. E. A6.a.ymrntta. - M., 1999.
I.J, bl n H H r. M. My3blKaJibHO-HCnOJIHHTeJibCKOe HCKYCCTBO: TeopHH H npaKTHKa. - M., 2001.
III, e p 6 a Ko Ba A M.. AKcH011omH MY3bIKaJibHo-ne.uaromqecKoro o6pa3oBaHHH I no.a. pe.a.. 3. E.A6.a.yJIJIHHa. - M., 2001.
.uononHM.TEJihHAfl
Ap q a )I( H H KO Ba n. r. npo<}>eccmi: - y<!HTeJib MY3b1KH: KHHra )J.JIH yqHTeJIH. - M., 1984.
rap H n 0 Ba H. M. foTOBHOCTb K npoe:u;HpoBaHHIO MY3blKH B HHble CHCTeMbl o6meHHH KaK oco6eHHOCTb MY3blKaJibHOro Mb1UIJiemrn 6y.a.ymero yqHTeJIH // My3bIKaJibHoe o6pa30BaHHe H no.a.roTOBKa yqHTeJIH MY3blKH: MaTepHaJibl III Me)l()J.yHapo.a.Hoil:. Hayqtto-npaKTHqecKoil:. Kott<I:>epeHUHH I Orn. pe.a..
3. E.A6.a.y11JIHH HE. B. HHKoJiaeBa. - M., 1996.
Ko JI bl we B a T. A no.a.roTOBKa yqHTeJIH MY3bIKH K npo<}>eccHOHaJibHOil:.
peQ:>JieKCHH B CHCTeMe Bblcwero ne.a.aromqecKoro 06pa3oaaHmi: Yqe6. noco6He /no.a. pe.a.. 3. E.A6.a.yJIJIHHa. - M., 1997.
Ha c bl n Ha H r. A K oonpocy o 6e3MOJIBHOM ne.a.arofH'lecKOM~eH.CTBHH //
My3blKaJibHOe o6pa3oBaHHe H no.a.roToBKa yqHTCJIH MY3blKH: MaTepHaJibl III Me)l()J.yttapo.a.ttoil: HayqHo-npaKTHqecKoil:. KoH<l>epeHUHH I Orn. pe.a..
3. E.A6.a.yJIJIHH HE. B. HHKOJiaeBa. - M., 1996.
na.a.aJIKa f.K. J1.HTYHUHH B CHCTeMe XYiJ.O:>KeCTBCHHO-ne.a.aromqeCKHX
B03)J.eil:crnnil: H B03MO:>KHOCTH ee pa3BHTHH // MeTO.UOJiomqecKHe npo6JieMbl
MY3blKaJibHOH ne.a.aromKH: MaTepHaJibl Me:>Kpecny6JIHKaHCKOil: Hayqtto-npaKTH'!ecKoH. KOH<}>epeHUHH /Orn. pe.a.. 3. E.A6,D;yJIJIHH. - M., 1991.
I.J, bl n H H
M. My3blKaHT H ero pa6oTa: npo6JieMa ncHXOJIOrHH TBopqeCTBa. - M., 1988.

r.

~.

19~

He HHOro paenpe,D;eJieHHH 3ByqaHHH, pe3yJibTaT, eTOHlllHH B TeeHOH

eBH3H e xapaKTepoM H eBo:HernaMH 3THX 3ByqaHHH. BeHKOe OTBJieqeHHe pHTMa OT MY3bIKH yeHJIHBaeT BOenpHHTHe MOTOpHoro rropH,D;Ka
HJIH, BepHee, MyeKyJibHO-MbIIIleqHoe omymeHHe MY3bIKH BJieqeT K
onaeHOH aTPO<l>HH qYBeTBa pa3JIHqeHHH eooTHOllieHHH 3ByqaHHH H
cTeneHH .D;HHaMHqHoeTH 3THX eooTHOllieHHH. 06brnaTeJibeKoe rrpe.D;eTaBJieHHe o xoporneM eJIYXe ,D;aeT JIHllib KOHeTaTHpoBaHHe <t>aKTa x op o rn er o e JI bl rn a H H H H rraeeHBHoro 3arroMHHaHHH. Ho MY3bIKaJibHbIH eJiyx eeTb, rrpe)IQ{e Beero, Ha6JIIO,D;eHHe H yeBoeHHe pHTMHqeeKH
H .ll;HHaMHqeeKH opraHH30BaHHbIX e 0 0 TH 0 ill e H H H: 3ByqamHx 3JieMeHTOB. ToJibKO 3,D;eeb HaqHHaeTeH aKTYaJibHoe, 06orama10mee )Klf3HeHHbIH OIIbIT BoerrpHHTHe M)'3bIKH KaK HeKyeerna.
H YMb!lllJleHHO BKpam:e H3JIO)KlfJI neHXOJiorHqeeKYIQ eTOpoHy MY3bIKaJibHOro npou;eeea (TeqeHHe IIOTOKa 3BYKOB H ero BoerrpHHTHe),
noTOMY qTo H3 3Toro BbITeKaeT 3Haqe:ime MY3bIKH KaK opraHH3YIQllleH:
eHJibI. B eaMoM .D;eJie, H3 xapaKTepa H eMbieJia npe,rm:o)l(eHHbIX Bb!rne
OeHOBHbIX Te3HeOB BOeIIHTaHHH: pa3BHTHe HHHU:HaTHBJ;>I, opraHH3aTOpeKHX enoeo6HoeTeH, HaxO,D;qlfBOeTH H KplfTJfqeeKoro OTHOllieHHH BH,n:HO, "ITO rrpHeymHe M)'3bIKe oeHOBHbie eBOHeTBa He TOJibKO He MOryT
3arnyrnHTb TO, qTo oeo6eHHO )l(eJiaTeJibHO pa3BHBaTb, HO, Hao6opoT,
ITO)l(aJiyH, HHKaKoe ,D;pyroe HeKyeeTBO He B eoeTOHHHH eo,D;eHeTBOBaTb
3TOMY HarrpaBJICHHIO pa3BHTHH B TaKOH eHJibHOH eTeIIeHH, KaK MY3blKa, HMeHHO 6Jiaro,D;apH eBoeo6pa3HIO ee pHTMOHHTOHaU:HOHHOH opraHH3aU:HH. Co3epu;aH HarJIH.D;HO paenpe,D;eJieHHbie ITJiaeTJfqeeKHe o6pa3bI H H306pa)l(eHHH, Mbl, IIPHBblqHo paBHO.ll;YlliHO HJIH BbieKa3bIBaH
paii;oeTb Y3HaBaHHH 3HaKOMOfO rrpe,D;MeTa, eKOJib3HM no IIOBepxHOeTH
BemeH:. B MY3bIKe HHqero npHBbiqHoro B 3TOM eMbieJie HeT. Pa3YMHO
HanpaBJIHeMoe Ha6JIIO.D;eHHe H 3aTeM opraHHqeeKoe yeBoeHHe rrpHeylllHX eH: eBo:tteTB HeBoJibHO BHe.D;pHIOT 8 Harn .D;yrneBHbIH eKJia,a: H B
Harne eo3HaHHe eTPOHHbIH MHP 3a.KoHoMepHbIX opraHH30BaHHbIX eooTHorneHHH, o6yeJioBJieHHblX rreHXO<l>H3JfqeeKOH npHpO.D;OH M)'3bIKH.
KaK HX paeKpbITb H KaK opraHH30BaTb eHeTeMy TaKoro Ha6JI10.D;eHHH MY3blKH (B3aMeH rraeeHBHOro BoerrpHHTHH ee HJIH rHIIHOTHqeeKoro rrorp~eHHH B Hee) - 3TO BOIIpoe MeTO,D;a, HO paHbllie aeero
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HeT oeHoBaHHH OT,D;aBaTb npeHMyrneeTBO 3PHTeJibHbIM omymeHHHM
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200

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(o6l>eM, TH)l(eCTb, Bee, OKpaeKa) He eBOHeTBeHHbl MY3bIKaJibHbIM
HBJieHHHM, H HX npoxo)IQ{eHHe nepe.D; HalliHM eo3HaHHeM Il0.D;06HO
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201

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paccTO.HHH5I TOHOB BHYTPH ee TOqHO TaK :>Ke MHOroo6pa3HO H3MeHqHBbl, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Mecra H BpeMeHH, TO OKa:>KeTCH, qTO L{a:>Ke caMa5I TKaHh 3ByqaHHM (MarepHaJI MY3blKH) B HeKOTOpOM CMbICJie COUHaJibHO co.z:i:ep:>KaTeJibHa, H60 rrpe)l:OIIpe)l:eJieHa ycJIOBH5IMH paJJIHqHOfO
xapaKTepa H 3HaqeHH5I. l1raK: co)l:ep:>KaHHe 3ByqamHX o6pa3oB BhITeKaer
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HHTepBaJIOB etc. qTO ero He JierKO QlHKCHPOBaTb B HafJIHL{HbIX OIIHCaHHHX - o6CTO.HTeJibCTBO, KOTopoe BOBCe He MO:>KeT YKa3bIBaTh Ha 6ecco-

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B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT CHJibl 3MOUHOHaJibHOfO HMIIYJibCa, COIIYTCTBOBaBmero C03,L{aBaHHlO npOH3Be,L{eHHH H o6ycJIOBHBillero TOT' a He HHOH
xapaKTep 3BYKOBoro conpH:>KeHHH. 5IcHo, qTo MY3hIKa; coqHHeHHa5I

HOH) MY3hIKaJihHOH rre)l:arornKH B o6meo6pa3oBareJihHhIX mKoJiax eCJIH TOJibKO cpaKT o6orameHHH Hamero C03HaHHH H IIOBbIIlleHHH ypoBH5I :>KH3HeHHOH IrnTeHCHBHOCTH qepe3 CJiyxOBbie BOCilpHHTHH, opra-

6e3 3MOUHOHaJibHOf0 IlOCbIJia, 6y.ri:eT HMeTb HHOe B03L{eitcTBHe.

)l.anee: TOT HJIH HHOH pHTMHqecKHM pHCyttOK TOqHO TaK :>Ke orrpe.ri:eJI.HeT co.ri:ep:>KaHHe 3BYKOBblX o6pa30B. l16o pHTMHqecKHe cpopMyJihl,
KaK H ,L{HHaMHKa 3ByqaHHH, 6y.ri:yqH caMH no ce6e HH 3MOUHOHaJibHbl, HH BHe 3MOUHOHaJibHbl (TO eCTb JIHilleHbl KaqecTBeHHbIX IlCHXHqecKHX rrpH3HaKOB), TeM He MeHee, KaK ocpopMJI.HlOIIlHe coqeTaHH5I,
MOfYT 6bITb B TOH HJIH HHOH cTeneHH o6ycJIOBJieHhl HJIH BOBCe He
o6ycJioBJieHbI 3MOUHOHaJibHbIMH npe.nrrocbIJIKaMH (.nymeBHblMH coCTOHHHHMH). Mano 3Toro, pHTM, K:aK Haqano, cBH3aHHOe c MYCKYJihHO-MhIIlleqHbIMH OlllYIIleHlrnMH, MO:>KeT orrpe,neJIHTbC5I TeM HJIH HHbIM
xapaKTepoM :>KeCTa, H IIOTOMY MY3bIKaJibHbie IIbeChl, PHTMOBaHHbie,
HarrpHMep, cornacHO orrpe.ri:eJieHHbIM TaHUeBaJibHbIM cpopMyJiaM BCer.na coxpaHHIOT orrpe,neJieHHOe rrJiaCTHqecKoe co.nep:>KaHHe.
Eme o,nHo Ba:>KHOe cBoil:crBo MY3hIKaJihHoro .Li:BH:>KeHHH - ero rroCTYIIh, ero TeMrr - ToqHo TaK :>Ke Mo:>Ker 6hITh rrpe.z:i:orrpe.neJieHo Me)l:JieHHhIM .HJIH 6bICTPhIM, pa3MepeHHbIM HJIH JIHxopa.z:i:oqHbIM TeMIIOM
I 11Hon:i:a 11HTOHl1pyeT 11X napaJIJieJibHO 3p11TeJibHblM (11306pa311TeJibHbIM) orpa)l(eH11llM COCTOllHl1H, xapaKTep113y10ru11x :moxy.
2 Ilon onpeiJeAeHHOii uiJeeii JJleCb, KOHe'IHO, 11Meercll B BHJlY onpeneJieHHbIH nporpaMMHbIH JaMbICeJI.
3 TaKoe npor11aonocraBJieH11e nOHllTl1H: Jll1HaM11Ka H 3MOU11ll - 6bIJIO CBOHCTBeHHO
TOJlbKO HeKOTOpb!M paHHl1M pa6oraM Aca<l>beBa.
pa3Bl1Tl1eM ero l1HTOHau110HHOH
reop1111 aonpoc o aocnp11RTl1l1 qeJioBeKOM MY3hIKl1 noJiyq11JI 11tty10 rpaKTOBKY. 11tta'le
craa11Tcll ::iror aonpoc 11 B Kottue rol1 )Ke craTbl1 (cM.: Aca<l>beB E.B. l136paHHbie
craTbl1 o MY3hIKaJibHOM npocaeruett111111 06pa3oaatt1111. - M.; JI., 1965. - C. 64).

204

HH30BaHHbie B MY3bIKe, He BbI3bIBaeT B CYIIlHOCTH CBoe:H HHKaKHX

COMHeHHH - .HBJI5IeTCH pa3BHTHe 3BYKOBbIX Ha Bbl K 0 B IIYTeM pa3YMHO rrocTaBJieHHoro Ha 6 JI 10 ll e H H H MY3hIKaJihHhIX HBJieHHH. CrrepBa B HX qHCTO MY3bIKaJibHOH rrpHpo.ne, IIOTOM B CB.H3H c co.z:i:ep:>KaHHeM
3BYKOBhIX o6pa30B H, HaKoHeu, B rrpe)l:eJiax H3'hHCHeHHH MY3hIKaJihHOH CHMBOJIHKH, Bbipa3HTeJibHOH H H306pa3HTeJibHOH (3BYKOIIHCb).
KaKHMH rrpHeMaMH )l:06HTbCH rrpHo6peTeHHH Heo6XO)l:HMeHillHX ,UIDI
IIOHHMaHHH MY3hIKH COBpeMeHHOH 3IIOXH CJiyxOBbIX HaBbIKOB - .z:i:eno
1
Mero.z:i:a. 5I IIbITaIOCb HaMeTHTb 3TO B llPYfOH CBOeH CTaTbe 3)1;eCb )Ke, B
3aKJIJOqeHHe, cqHTalO He06XO)l:HMbIM ycraHOBHTb KaK Te3HC H K3K
HCXO)l:HbIH IIYTb CJieL{yJOIIlee: HH B KaKOM cnyqae He CJie)l:yeT H36erarh
rrpH opraHH3aUHH rrperro)l:aBaHHH MY3hIKH B o6meo6pa3oBaTeJihHhIX
IllKOJiaX rrpo6JieMhl MY3bIKaJibHOH 3BOJIIOUHH, IIOHHMaeMOH K3K pa3BHTHe CBOeo6pa3HOfO 3MOUHOHaJibHOf0 5I3bIKa, H60 3Ta rrpo6JieMa
CBH3bIBaer MY3bIKY c Ba)KHeHillHMH COUHaJibHbIMH rrpo6JieMaMH. 3a- .
TeM: HHKOr)l:a He CJie)l:yer OTKa3bIBaTbCH OT YTBep)l()1;eHH5I HHTeJIJieKryaJibHOfO Haqana B MY3hIKaJihHOM TBopqecTBe H BocrrpHHTHH. CJiymaH,
Mbl He TOJibKO qyBCTByeM HJIH HCilbITbIBaeM Te HJIH HHbie COCT05IHHH,
HO H .z:i:11cpcpepeHUHpyeM BOCIIpHHHMaeMbIH MarepHaJI, rrpOH3BO)l:HM
or6op, oueHHBaeM, CJie,L{OBaTeJibHO, MblCJIHM. l1 Hao6opoT, HeT HHKaKOH Heo6XO,[(HMOCTH HaCTaHBaTb Ha BHe)l:peHHH 3CTeT11qecKHX )l:e-

1 CM. cTaTbIO: Opratt11Jau11ll npenonaaaH11ll MY3bIKl1 B 06rueo6pa3oaareJibHOH

WKOJie 11 Ac a <l> be B E. B. l136paHHbie craTbH o MY3bIKaJibHOM npocaeruett1111 H
06pa3oaatt1111. -

M.; JI., 1965.

205

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l!T06bI He orpaH11q11saTb MY3bIKaJibHoro ropH30HTa ycraHOBJiemu1MH
H rpe6oBaHHHMH cospeMeHHOH xy,n;o)l(eCTBeHHOH MO)l;bl, xorn 6bI H
BbICOKO KBaJIHq>HUHPOBaHHOH.
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'fPe6osaHHe: B CTOPOHY oT npocpeccnoHaJIH3Ma! 3To sosce He napa,n;oKc.
3To 3,n;oposoe C'fPeMJieHHe, cornacHoe c o6IUHM ne,n;arornqecKHM C'fPeMJieHHeM, KOTOpoe TPe6yeT OT COBpeMeHHOH IIIKOJibl )l(HBOrO 3HaKOMCTBa c np11po,n;oH: H H3bIKOM, a He MepTBoro H3yqeHHH ecTeCTB03HaHHH
H HCTOpHH JIHTepaTYPhI; YMeHHH cqHTaTb, a He ,n;eTaJibHOro 3HaHHH
3aKOYJIKOB apHcj:>MeTHKH, YMeHHH rpaMOTHO ITHCaTb H Bblpa)l(aTb CBOH
MbICJIH, a He MexaHmecKOH CHOpOBKH H np11cnoco6JieHHH OKOCTeHeBIIIHX rpaMMaTmecKHX npaBHJI K ecTeCTBeHHO pa3BHBaIOIUeHCH peqH.
Ilo3TOMY, 3a 11cKJI10qeHHeM ocHoB MY3hIKaJibHOH H - npH HaJIHqnn
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207
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CM.: CJiacTeHHH B.A, 11caeB 11.<I>. H ,up. Ile.uarormra: Yqe6. rroco6we. 3-e H3.U. - M., 2000.
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CM.: Ac M 0 JI 0 B A. r. ToJiepaHTHOCTb: pa3JIHqHbie rrapa.uHrMbl aHaJIH3a // ToJiepaHTHOCTb B o6mecrneHHOM cOJHaHHH Poccww. - M., 1998.
3 ,[I; a JI h B.11. ToJIKOBhIM CJIOBapb X<HBaro BeJIHKopyccKoro H3hIKa. - 2-e H3.U. CI16.; M., 1882. -T. 4. - C. 401-402.
4 O)KeroB C.11. CJioBapb pyccKoro H3b1Ka. - 18-e H3.U., cTep. - M., 1986. C.690.
5
3HUHKJiorre,uwqecKHM cJioBapb / CocT. <I>. <I>. IlaBJieHKOB. - 3-e H3.U. - CI16.,
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6
CM.: KpaTKHM cJioBapb HHOCTpaHHhIX CJIOB / CocT. C. M.noKIIIHHa. - 8-e H3.U. M., 1985. - C. 253.

208

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1

2 0 :JK er o B C. M. CJioBapb pyccKoro SIJbIKa. - M., 1960.

I.l;HT. rro c6.: A..[(.KollleJieB, IO.M.JloTMatt If TapzyccKo-MocKOBCKasr ceMHOTHqecKasr lIIKOJia. - M., 1994. - C. 86 (co cc1>mKoif tta: To JI c To if JI. H. IloJIH. co6p.
coq,: B 90 T. - M., 1953. - T. 62. - C. 269).

214

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1 Be rt a 1an ffy L. v on. General System Theory:--Fo1.mdations, Development,
Applications. - N. Y., 1968.

. 215

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216

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Peqb, MbIWJieHHe: OrrbIT CHcTeMHoro HCCJie.o;osaHHH MY3hIKaJibHOro HCKyccrna.BoJior.o;a, 1999 Ha cafi:Te http://www.booksite.ru/fulltext(bon/fel/bonfeld/01.htm.

218

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HH$OpMaumi: // MH$OpMaUHJI H KH6epHeTHKa. - JI., 1967.

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xe 0 rrporHOJHPOBaHHH KaK ueJIH CJIYIIIaHHSI.
2 Herbart J. F. Samtliche Werke, 1839. - Band 2. - S. 51.

228

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2 Ilpe.!l;JlaraeMoe IIOHHMaHHe Xy.D;OJKeCTBeHHOro OTKpb!THSI 6JIH3KO KOHUeIIUHH
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3 CM.: B ti h I er K. Die Krise der Psychologie. - Jena, 1929.
4 Py6 H H rnTe HH C.JI. Ilpo6JieMbI o6meil: rrcHXOJIOrHH. - M., 1976. - C. 236.

229

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a) pMTMH3aI.J;HH OT.UeJibHblX CJIOB, CJIOBOcoqeTaHHM, eTHXOTBOPHblX eTpOK H CTpo<lJ;
6) pMTMH3aI.J;HH 3a.z:i;aHHOH noCJie.UOBaTe,,TibHOCTH CTyrreHe:H;
B) eoqHHeHHe pMTMJlqeeKOM noeJie.UOBaTeJibHOCTH;

245

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MeJio,ru-1qecKJ1e:

3)

MeJIO,llJ13aUJUI OT,ll;eJibHbIX CJIOB H KpaTKHX CJIOBocoqeTamlii c

Bbipa)l(eHHeM pa3JIHqHbIX 3MOUHH (y.n;HBJieHHe, 11eqaJib
H T. 11.);
<PaKzypHbie:

a) coqHHeHHe PHTMHqecKoro aKKOMl1aHeMeHTa K MeJIO,ll;HH;

6) coqM:HeHHe aKKOMl1aHeMeHTa Ha OCHOBe PHTMH3aUHH 3a.n;aHHOH KOpOTKOH (2-3 e.n;HHHUbI) HHTepBaJibHO-aKKOp,ll;OBOH 110CJie,n;oBaTeJibHOCTH H ee KOOp,ll;HHaUHH c MeJIO,ll;He:M:;

4)

B) coqHHeHHe BToporo roJioca K 11ecHe;

CHHTaKCHqecKHe:
,n;ocoqHHeHHe 3aKJI10qHTeJibHO:M: Ka,n;eHUHH 11epRo,n;a (.n;oBe,n;eHHe ,n;o TOHHKH).

B Ja,n;aHHHX ocHOBHou rpyrrrrbI yqeHHKaM 11pe.n;JiaraeTCH coqHHHTb He

MeHee 110JIOBHHbI parMeHTa ( 06biqHo BbIITOJIHHeMaH qacTb ,ll;a)l(e 11pe06Jia,n;aeT KOJIM:qeCTBeHHo Ha.n; 3a.n;aHHo:M:). 3To 11pe,n;o11pe,n;eJIHeT 6oJibIIIYJO TPY.n:OeMKOCTb 3a,n;aHH:M: 110 cpaBHeHHIO c 110,n;roTOBHTeJibHbIM 3Ta110M H 6oJiee .n;JIHTeJibHbI:M: 11epRo,n; ocJ3oeHHH. Ho, c ,n;pyro:M: cTopoHbI,
Ka)l(,ll;Oe H3 HHX 110TeHUHaJibHO ,n;o11ycKaeT B03MOiKHOCTb BapbHpOBaHHH
YCJIOBH:M: B IIIHPOKOM ,ll;Hal1a3oHe H JierKO MO)l(eT 6bITb 11pHCl10C06JieHo
K n106o:M: TeMe ypoKa. B paMKax ypoKa My3bIKH B o6meo6pa3oBaTeJibHo:M:
IIIKOJie HaH60Jiee y,n;o6Hbl B 11pHMeHeHHH CJie,n;yiomHe BH,ll;bl 3a,ll;aHH:M::
a) coqHHeHHe MeJIO,ll;HH Ha OCHOBe BapHaHTHO:M: 110BTOPHOCTH o,n;HOro MOTHBa (BapHaHTHaH rrepHO,n;HqHOCTb);

011pe,n;eneHHYIO peryJIHPYJOIUYIO poJib B KOMl103HUHOHHO-TBopqecKo:M: ,n;esi:TeJibHOCTH ,n;eTe:M: MO)l(eT HrpaTb 1103THqecKHM Te Ker. Ho 11pH
3TOM Heo6xo,n;HMO co6n10crH ueJibIH psi:,n; ycnoBHH. Bo-11epBbIX, caM
reKCT ,ll;OJI)l(eH 6bITb BbICOKoro KaqecTBa, BO-BTOpbIX, - COOTBeTCTBOBaTb 3a,n;aqaM H ueJIHM KOHKperHoro ypoKa, B-TPeTbHX, o6si:3aTeJibHO
,n;oJiiKHa yqHTbIBaTbCH 11po6JieMa coorHoIIIeHHH MY3bIKH H TeKCTa. Bo
MHOflfX cnyqasi:x KOMl103HUHOHHOe TBopqecTBO paUHOHaJibHee opra' HH30BaTb, 011HpaHCb He Ha JIHTepazypHbI:M: TeKCT' a Ha )l(aHp.
HecMoTpH Ha TO qro KOM1103HUHOHHo-TBopqecKaH .n;esi:TeJibHOCTb
.n;ereM: 3aHHMaeT COBCeM He60JiblllYIO qaCTb ypoKa MY3bIKH, ee ocymeCTBJieHHe 11pe.n;ycMaTpHBaeT 110BbIIIIeHHbie Tpe6oBaHirn KO BCeM npHOpHTeTHbIM npoeccHOHaJibHbIM KaqecTBaM yqRrensi: MY3bIKH H BbIHBJIHeT KaK nOJIO)l(HTeJibHbie cropOHbl, TaK H He.n;ocTaTKH HH,ll;HBH.n:YaJibHOro CTHJIH ero pa6oTbI. TaKHM o6pa30M, ,n;aHHhIH BH.n: MY3bIKaJibHo:M: ,ri;eHTeJibHOCTH He TOJibKO aKTHBH3HpyeT CKpbITbie B03MO)l(HOCTH
,n;ereii, HO TaK)l(e CJI~T CTHMYJIOM K 110CTOHHHOMy caMOCOBepIIIeHCTBOBaHH:EO ne,ri;arora.

(MaTepmur IlOil.fOTOBJieH iJ.JUI 11.aHHOfO yqe6HHKa

H ny6mucyeTcH snepBbie.)

7. ,ll,. E. KAEAJIEBCKHH

6) coqHHeHHe MeJIO,ll;HH Ha OCHOBe BapHaHTHO:M: 110BTOpHOCTH H

COITOCTaBJieHHH MOTHBOB (11apHaH 11epHO,n;HqHOCTb);
B) coqHHeHHe MOTHBa-OTBeTa (2 TaKTa) Ha 3a.n;aHHbI:M: MOTHBB011poc Ha OCHOBe HHBepCHH <PYHKUHOHaJibHO:M: IlOCJie.n;oBaTeJibHOCTH;
r) coqHHeHHe 11pe,n;JIO)l(eHHH-OTBeTa (4 TaKTa) Ha 3a,n;aHHbI:M: BOl1poc (110BTOpeHHe c H3MeHeHHeM Ka,ll;eHUHH);
,n;) coqHHeHHe 11epRo,n;a e.n;M:Ho:M: CTPYKTYPbI (,n;po6JieHHe c 3aMbIKaHHeM, TaK Ha3bIBaeMoe 60JibIIIOe rrpe,n;JIO)l(eHHe);
e) coqHHeHHe 11epRo,n;a H3 .n;Byx 11pe.n;Jio)l(eHH:M: 110BropHoro crpoeHHH.
Ka)l(,ll;oe 3a,ll;aHHe BbIITOJIHHeTCH 1103JieMeHTHO, ueJioe C06HpaeTCH H3
qacTe:M:, KaK ,ll;OMHK H3 Ky6HKOB. IlpH 3TOM Heo6xo.n;HMO coqeTaTb HH,!l;HBH.n;yaJibHbie, rpyrr110Bble H KOJIJieKTHBHble <PopMbI: OT,!l;eJibHble yqaIUHeCH 11pe,ll;Jlara:ioT pa3JIM:qHbie BapHaHTbl, KOTOpble 3aTeM COBMeCTHO
o6c~a:ioTCH, B pe3yJibTaTe qero ocymecTIDUieTcsi: BbI6op HaHJiyqIIIero.
IlocJie Toro KaK 011pe.n;eJieHHaH MO,ll;eJib ,ll;OCTaToqHo XOpOIIIO OCBOeHa,
B03MOiKHa rpyrr110BaH HM11POBJBaUHH, B KOTOpo:M: Ka)l(,!l;bI:M: yqacTHHK
coqHHHeT B 11opH.n;Ke oqepe.n;H TOJibKO o,n;HH HJ 3JieMeHTOB ueJioro, TYT
)Ke 11epe.n;aBaH 3CTaeTY ,n;pyroMy yqeHHKy. 0CTaJibHbie .n;eTH BbICTyrralOT B pOJIH He TOJibKO CJIYIIIaTeJie:M:, HO H MY3bIKaJibHbIX KPHTHKOB.

246

0 MY3blKA.JlbH0-3CTETHqECKOM
H HPABCTBEHHOM BOCIIHTAHHH ,[(ETEil

(ITO MATEPMAJIAM PA3Hh1X JIET)

1leJIOBeKOBe,n;eHHeM, HayY<:oii 0 qeJIOBeqecKOM .n:YIIIe qacTO Ha3bIBalOT HCKyCCTBO. J.1 3ro oqeHb BepHo. KoHeqHo )Ke, B cnoco6HocrH
OKa3bIBaTb B03,n;e:M:cTBHe Ha .n:YIIIY qeJIOBeKa, Ha era qyBCTBa, a He rOJibKO
Ha C03HaHHe H 3aKJI10qeHo CaMOe Ba)l(HOe CBOikrBO HCKyCCTBa. HH
O,!l;HOMy IIIKOJibHOMy npe,n;MeTY He,IJ;OCTyrrHO 3MOUHOHaJibHOe B03,ri;eiicrBHe Ha ,n;ere:M: H no,upOCTKOB B TaKo:M: )Ke Mepe, B KaKOH 3ro ,ll;OCTyrrHO HCKyCCrBy. HH O,ll;HH yqe6HHK no cwre B03,IJ;ei\:CTBHH He MO)l(eT CTaTb
B PH.n: c xy,no)l(ecTBeHHoii JIHrepaTYpoii, MY3hIKO:M:, )l(HBOnHCblO, rearpoM, KHHO ...
Her raKHx npe.n;MeToB H Her raKHX yqe6HHKOB, KOTOPbie MOfJIH
6bI BbIIlOJIHHrb TY OC06YIO BOCnHrareJibHYIO poJib, KaKYIQ cnoco6Ho
BbIIlOJIHHTb HCKyCCrBO.
Ho, npe,ri;craBJIHH co6o:M: HaH6onee noJIHoe, KOHUeHrpHpoBaHHoe
Bbipa)l(eHHe npeKpacHoro H o6na,n;asi: HaH60JibIIIHMH B03MO)l{HOCTHMH
,n;JIH BOCnHraHHH B qeJIOBeKe 3CTerM:qeCKO:M: KyJibTypbl, HCKyCCrBO caMo
no ce6e ,ri;aneKo He Hcqepnbrnaer roro, qro MbI no,ri; 3creTM:qecKOH
KyJlbTypOH noHHMaeM. IloHHrHe 3CTeTM:qeCKO:M: KyJibTypbl ropa3,IJ;O IIIHpe

<... >

247

BOBCe He napa,u;OKCOM ,!I;JIH BCeX, KTO BepHO nOHHMaeT 3a,u;aqlf no,z:i;nOHHTIDI KYJib'fYPbl xy;1;mKeeTBeHHOH. M 60JibllIYJO OIIIH6KY nenaIOT Te,
KTO Bee eonep)J(aHlie 3eTeTHqeeKoro BoenHTaHHH H KOHeqHyro u;eJib
ero BH,!I;HT JIHIIIb B npH6JIH)J(eHHH neTeH H IOHOIIIeeTBa K HeKYeeTBy.

JIHHHO rapMOHHqHoro pa3BHTHH nyxoBHOrO MHpa nonpacTalOII.J;HX no-

3eTeTHqeeKoe BOenHTaHHe noMoraeT cpopMHPOBaHHIO Beero nyxoBHoro MHpa qenoBeKa.

HCKYCCTBO' HCCMOTPH Ha ee K~II.J;YIOCH HCHOCTb, CYIIIeCTBYJOT Bee

, )Ke nBe TOqKH 3peHHH. IlpencrnBHTeJIH JIHTepazypbI H HeKYCCTBa enHHonYIIIHbI B CBOCM CTpeMJICHHH no6HTbCH B IIIKOJie paBHOBeCHH Me)J(-

KOJieHHH.
B cnopax, KOTOpbie BenYTcH ceif.qac BoKpyr npo6JieMbI HaYKa -

Benb HenapoM B Rapone npHBbIKJIH nonxonHTb K JII060MY HBJieHHIO

)J(H3HH e TaKHMH ou;eHKaMH, B KOTOpbIX 3eTeTHqeeKoe Haqano HeOT-

ny HaYKOH H HCKYCCTBOM. Ifx n03Hll;HH HCHa: TOJibKO HaYKa H HeKYC. CTBO, o6nenHHHBIIIHCb, MOrYT BOCnHTbIBaTb qeJIOBeKa. TaKOBa n03Hll;HH H MHOrHX, B TOM qHCJie KpyrrHeHIIIHX, npencrnBHTeJieH HayKH.

neJIHMO OT 3THqeeKoro. IlonBHr repoH Mbl Beerna BOenpHHHMaeM KaK

BbieIIIee npoHBJieHHe KpaeoTbI qeJioBeqeeKoro nyxa. Tpyea, no,!I;Jleu;a,
npenaTeJIH MbI Ha3bIBaeM MOpaJibHbIM yponoM ...
IlpeKpaeHoe no eBOeMY conep)J(aHHIO TO)J(,!I;eCTBeHHO e no6pbIM 3TH CJIOBa lJepHbIIIIeBeKoro MOrJIH 6bI CTaTb ,!I;JIH Hae neBH30M 3CTeTHqecKoro BOCnHTaHHH neTen, IOHOIIIeCTBa, MOJione)J(J{!

Ho BCTpeqaeTCH (H He TaK eII.J;e penKo) HHaH TOqKa 3peHHH: HaYKa

; o6H3aTeJibHa, a HCKYCCTBO BOBCe He o6H3aTCJibHO ,!I;JIH BOCnHTaHIDI qe. JIOBeKa. K CO)J(aJICHHIO, HMeHHO 3Ta TOqKa 3peHIDI noKa eII.J;e BO MHOj roM onpenenHeT npaKTHKY IIIKOJlbHOro o6pa30BaHHH H BOCnHTaHHH.
CeronHH B IIIKOJie CYIIIecTByeT coBepIIIeHHO oqeBHAHbIH KpeH B

IlpH TaKOM noHHMaHHH 3CTeTHqeeKOH KYJibTYPbI, 3CTeTHqecKoro

BOCnHTaHHH HeJib3H BeIO 3a6ozy 0 HeM B03JiaraTb TOJlbKO Ha YPOKH

CTOpOHY TOqHbIX HaYK npH HBHOM YIIICMJICHHH HayK ryMaHHTapHoro

ll;HKJia, oco6eHHO BCero, qTo CBH3aHHO c xyno)J(eCTBeHHOH KYJibTY!po:H, c HCKYCCTBOM, c 3CTeTHqecKHM BOCnHTaHHCM B caMOM IIIHPO-

JIHTepaTypbI, MY3bIKH H pHeoBaHHH, xorn 3TH ypoKH 6ynYT HrpaTb

Beerna B 3TOM OTHOIIIeHHH oco6eHHO 60JibllIYIO H OTBeTCTBeHHYIO
pOJib.

KOM CMbICJie 3Toro CJIOBa. IloJiyqHB B IIIKOJie OCHOBaTeJibHYJO nonro,TOBKY no ecTeCTBeHHO-MaTeMaTHqecKHM HaYKaM, MHOrHe BbIIIYCKHH..:
IIIKOJI coBepIIIeHHO He 3HaKOMbl HH c .D:aHTe, HH c MHKeJiaH,!I;)J(e:JIO, HH c BaxoM, HH c PoMeHOM PoJIJiaHoM, HH c CypHKOBbIM, HH c

(IlpeKpacttoe rrpo6y)l(J'.(aeT ,n:o6poe // KoMMYHHCT. - 1965. - Ng 14. - C. 18.)

{KH

CBH3b 3CTeTHqecKoro BOCnHTaHHH c BOCnHTaHHeM HpaBeTBeHHbIM

IlpOKOcpbeBbIM, HH co MHO)J(CCTBOM npyrHX Bbl,!I;alOII.J;HXCH HBJieHHH

KYJib'fYPbl npoIIIJioro H HaCTOHII.J;ero. 3necb BHOBb npHxonHTCH nonqep-

6bma 3aMeqeHa c oqeHb naBHHX BpeMeH, H HMeHHO 3TY CBH3b nonqepKHBaJIH Bcerna CTOHBIIIHe Ha nepenoBbIX no3Hll;HHX cpHJIOCOcpbI, nenarom-BOCnHTaTeJIH, npocBeTHTeJIH .... My3bIKa enoco6Ha oKa3bIBaTb

KHYTb, qTo peqb HneT He TOJibKO o xyno)J(eCTBCHHOH KYJibzype yqa1[II.J;HXCH B 6onee y3KOM CMbICJie 3TOrO CJIOBa, HO H 0 TOM, qTO xyno)J(e-

H3BeCTHOe B03ne:HCTBHe Ha 3THqecKyro CTOpOHY nYIIIH; H pa3 MY3bIKa

o6na.u;aeT TaKHMH CBOHeTBaMH, TO, oqeBH,!I;HO, OHa noJl)J(Ha 6bITb BKJllOqeHa B qlfCJIO npenMeTOB BoenHTaHHH MOJione)J(H, - YTBep)J(,!I;aJI B
eBoeM TpaKTaTe IIOJIHTHKa ApHeToTeJib eII.J;e B

IV

'. cTBCHHaH KYJibTypa, BbmanaH H3 o6II.J;eH BOCnHTaTCJibHOH pa60Tbl

: IIIKOJlbI, 3HaqHTCJibHO ocna6JIHCT CHJIY ee B03ne:HCTBHH.

(3cTeTHl!ecKaH KYJibTypa H wKona // CoseTcKaH

rre,n:aromKa. - 1970. - Ng l. - C. 32-33.)

BeKe no HaIIIe:H

3pbl.
A B CBOeM HenaneKOM npoIIIJIOM BeeMHPHO H3BeCTHbIH HeBponaToJIOr, nCHXOJIOr, my6oKHH 3HaTOK qeJIOBeqecKOH nyIIIH, aKa.u;eMHK

<... > TeMa

lJeJIOBCK B HCKYCCTBC Bbl3bIBaeT MHOro MbICJieH H

qyBCTB. 51 ,z:i;yMalO, qTo HeT 6onee Ba)J(HOH, 6onee aKTYaJibHOH H 60nee conep)J(aTeJibHOH TCMbI, KOrila B03HHKaeT no-HaCTOHII.J;eMy cepb-

B. M. BexTepeB 3aKoHqHJI cBo:H noKJia,u; 0 3HaqeHHH MY3bIKH B 3CTeTlfqeCKOM BoenHTaHHH pe6eHKa e nepBbIX nHeH ero )J(J{3HH, cnenaHHhlH HM Ha 3acenaHHH ncHXOHeBponomqeeKoro HHCTHTYTa B 1914 ro-

e3Hblll pa3rOBOp 06 HCKYCCTBe. 3TO ecTeCTBCHHO: HCKYCCTBO BCeu;eJIO

, CBH3aHo c qenoBeKOM. 0Ho co3naeTcH qeJioBeKOM H AJIH qeJioBeKa.
lJeJIOBeK HBJIHCTCH TaK)J(e H OCHOBHbIM HCTOqHHKOM conep)f(aHHH

ny, TaKHMH CJIOBaMH: 51 y6e)J(,!I;eH, qTo OT neTaJibHOH pa3pa60TKH

Bonpoea 0 MY3bIKaJibHOM BOCnHTaHHH c paHHero neTeKoro B03pacrn B

HCKYCCTBa ...
lJeJIOBeqHOCTb HCKYCCTBa, nO)J(aJiyll, c HaH60JibllICH eHJIOH o6Hap~BaeT ce6H HMCHHO B MY3bIKe. My3bIKa BOIIJioII.J;aeT )J(J{3HeHHOe conep)J(aHHe B nepByro oqepenb H rnaBHbIM o6pa30M CKB03b

<... >

3HaqHTCJlbHOH Mepe 3aBHCHT 3CTCTlfqCCKOe, a cnenoBaTeJibHO, H HpaBeTBCHHOe BOCnHTaHHe qeJioBeqeeKOH JIHqHoeTH ...
Bonpoc 0 eBH3H HaYKH H HCKyCeTBa, 06 HX pa3JIIfqHH H enHHeTBe, 06 HX B3aHMOHe3aMeHHCMOeTH BbinBHraeTCH B nocnenHHe ronbI
KaK onHH H3 Ba)J(HCHIIIHX BonpoeoB, CBH3aHHbIX c npo6JieMOH pa3HOCTOpOHHero, rapMOHHqHoro pa3BHTHH JilfqHoCTH.
M cnoBa l

<... >

npH3MY qenoBeKa, ero Mbicne:H H qyBCTB, ero BocnpHHTHH )J(J{3HH. My3bIKa He onHCbIBaeT H He noKa3bIBaeT qeJioBeqecKHX qYBCTB - OHa

JlbBa ToJICToro: HayKa H HCKYCCTBO TaK )KC TCCHO CBH3aHbl Me)J(,!I;y ,

HenocpencTBeHHO HX BOIIJIOII.J;aeT. B HCTOKaX MY3bIKH, B OCHOBe ee ne)J(lfT qeJIOBeqecKHH roJIOC - noIOII.J;Hll H

roBOpHII.J;HH, H PHTM qeJIOBe'<,

co6o:H, KaK nerKHe H cepnu;e, TaK qTo ecJIH onHH opraH H3BpaII.J;eH, .
TO H npyro:H He MO)J(CT npaBHJibHO ,z:i;eHCTBOBaTb - 3ByqaT cero,z:i;HH

qecKoro nBH)J(eHHH ...

249
248

<... >

Be3 BeHKOfO orraeemrn BeT}'IIMTb XOTb B Ma.rre:itrnee rrpOTMBOpeqMe e MeTMHOH, JI fOTOB yrnep)l(,!laTb: MeKYeeTBO, rrepeeraromee eny)l(MTb qeJIOBeKY' rrepeeTaeT 6bITb MeKYeeTBOM.

JII06aH eHeTeMa BOCIIMTaHMH qeJIOBeKa OKa)l(eTeH eeJIM M He 6eerrOMOlll;HOH, TO, BO BeHKOM enyqae, HeIIOJIHOUeHHOH.

(11MMYHHTeT npOTHB nowJioCTH 11 KoMCOMOJihCKaH rrpaB}J.a. - 1967. - 26 cpeBpaJIH.)

(qeJioBeK B HCKyccTBe 11 )lMHTpHH: Ka6aJieBCKHH:.

1'fa6paHHbie CTaThH o MY3hIKe. - M., 1963. -

c. 244-253.)

<... >

<... >

Ha.uo TBep,llO IIOMHMTb 0 TOM, qTo MeKYeeTBO rrpe)l(,!le Beero

.llOJI)l(HO yeAeKam& ,lleTe:it M MOJIO,lle)l(b, a He pa3BAeKam& MX! .. CaMoe
rnaBHOe, )l06MBaTbeSI eo3,llaHMH TaKOH eMeTeMbI 3eTeTMqeeKoro BOeIIMTaHMH, KOTOpaH, ,lleHeTBYSI Ha rrpoTJI)l(eHMM Beex llIKOJibHbIX JieT OT
I )lO KJiaeea, Bbipa6aTbIBaJia 6bI y yqam;MxeH rny6oKoe IIOHMMaHJ~e
3aKOHOB KpaeOThI BO Beex RX )l(l{3HeHHhIX rrpoHBJieHMSIX, BKJIIOqaJI MeKYeeTBO, Bhipa6aTbIBaJia 6bI B HMX TOT MMMYHMTeT IIPOTMB IIOillJIOeTM, 6e3 KOTOporo HMKaKHe ,llpyrne Mepbl He 6y)lyt ,llOeTaTOqHO 3QJQ:ieKTMBHhIMM.

(3cTe'fw:i:ecKa.si: KYJihTypa H WKOJia 11 CoBeTcKaH

ne.D.aromKa. - 1970. - N2 1. - C. 37.)

<... >

IToAJIMHHO TaJiaHTJIMBbIH MY3hIKaHT, HerroJIHHIOID;M:it 6eTxoBeHeKYIO MY3hIKY, KaK 6br rrepeBorrnomaeTeSI B 3TOT MOMeHT B BeTxoBeHa. EenM OH He e:xarnaeTeH e 3TO:it MY3bIKOit TaK, enoBHO eaM eo3,llaBaJI ee, eMy TPY.llHO 6y;:i;eT YBJie% ero eBoMx enyrnaTenett. Ho H Ka)l(;:J;biit xopollIMH enyrnaTeJib... TO)l(e MO)l(eT Olll;ytMTh B ee6e qaeTHqKY
BeTxoBeHa, eenM 6y;:i;eT BMeeTe e MenonHMTeJieM )l(HTh o;:i;Hott )l(M3HhIO
e 3TOit BeJIHKott MY3hIKo:it.

(Ilpo TpeX KHTOB H npo MHOroe ,!1.pyroe. -

1976. -

<... >

c. 9.)

M.,

fny6oKaSI eBH3b xopornero M KpaeHBOfO, MHaqe fOBOPSI, eBSI3h

3TMqeeKoro Haqa.rra e Haqa.rroM 3eTeTMqeeKHM, npOHBJIHeTeH B )l(l{3HM
Ha Ka)l(,UOM rnary. Be;:i;h rrpeKpaeHa He TOJihKO Ta.rraHTJIMBaSI II03Ma,
eMMQJOHMH, KapTMHa. ITpeKpaeHhI H yMHaH MhieJih qenoBeKa, M ero
pa3yMHOe ,lleHHMe, M ero 6naropO,llHbIH rroeT}'IIOK...
Oco6eHHO Ba)l(HO noHHTh M rroqYBeTBOBaTh 3TY eBH3b B TY
nopy IllKOJibHhIX JieT, KOf,ll;a Ka)l(,!laSI ;:i;eByrnKa M Ka)l(,!lhIH IOHOllia BbIpa6aTbIBaIOT eBoe MMpOB033peHMe, eBOM eo6eTBeHHhie B3fJIH,llhI Ha
)l(H3Hh, eBOM rrpMHUHIIbI M y6e)l(,!leHHH, eBOM BKYehI, e KOTOpbIMM
6ynyr IlOTOM eOM3MepHTb Bee, e qeM B )l(ll3HM BeTpeTHTeH.
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oeo6yro, HMqeM He 3aMeHMMyIO pOJib MrparoT JIMTepaTypa M HeKYeeTBO.
HMqTo, BepoHTHO, He oKa3bIBaeT TaKoro Moryqero BJIMHHMH Ha
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<... >

250

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('nHqHoM orrhITe? Y6e)l(,!leH, rroqTM Bee eornaeHTeH e TeM, qTo 060
' BeeM 3TOM Mbl Y3HaJIM BrrepBhie B oqeHb paHHMe ,lleTeKMe fO,llhl He
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\ KHHOQJMJihMOB, TO eeTb M3 JIMTepatyphl M MeKYeeTBa! M Bee Mbl, KOHeqHo, xoporno IIOMHMM, qTo B ,lleTeKHx Mrpax BeeM XOTeJioeb 6bITh
'repOSIMH, eMeJihIMM M 6naropO,ll;HbIMM pbIUapHMM, BeeM XOTeJIOCh no) 6e)l(,!laTb TpyeoB, 6eeqeeTHbIX BparoB H rrpe;:i;aTene:it. Mb1 ,lla)l(e He 3a. Meqa.rrM, KaK y)l(e caMbie rrepBhie BCrpeqM e MeKYeeTBOM OKa3bIBaJIM
eMJibHe:itrnee BJIMHHMe Ha Halli ,llyxOBHbIH MMp, KOf,lla Mbl e,llBa HaqM: HaJIH eBo:it )l(l{3HeHHbiit rryro ...

<... >

BoT rroqeMy enop 06 MeKYeeTBe - 3TO Beer,lla errop o )l(M3HM,

eTOJIKHOBeHMe pa3HhlX Xy,llO)l(eeTBeHHhIX B3fJIH,llOB, qam;e Beero eTOJIKHOBeHMe pa3HbIX MMpOB033peHMH .
EeTb eme HeMaJIO JIIO,lleH, KOTOpbie OTHOeJ{TeH K HeKYeeTBy,
oeo6eHHO k MY3hIKe (MY3bIKe B ~TOM 60Jihllie Beero He Be3eT!), JIMllib
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<... >

(My3hileawr - coaBTop HH)l(eHepa 11 CeMbH H

WKona. - 1967. - N2 3. - C. 42-43.)

251

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6e3rOJIOebIMH, HO OTBa)l(HblMH 3eTpa)lHbIMH 3Be3.n;aMH, IIbITaIOIUHMHeH 3aMeHU:Tb OTeYTeTBYJOlUH:l1: fOJIOe MU:KpooHOM, 6oraTeTBO qeJIOBeqeeKHX 3MOUHH - TO MU:eTu:qeeKHM llleIIOTOM, TO HeTepHqeeKHMH BOIIJIHMH.
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252

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)Klf3HH, MOryqee epe.n;eTBO .n;yxOBHOfO o6orameHHH qeJIOBeKa, ero
u:.n;eHHOfO H HpaBeTBeHHOfO pa3BHTHH.
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KyJibTYPbI.
TaM xe, r.n;e e KyJibTYPOH o6eToHT He BIIOJIHe 6JiarorronyqHo, TaM
B MY3bIKe BH.n;HT JIU:lllb JierKoe L{OIIOJIHeHHe K .n;oeyry, K OTL{bIXy.
MouapT He rroMoraeT MHe OTJJ:OXHYTb - .n;oJioi1: MouapTa! MyeopreKH:l1: YTOMJIHeT MeHH eBoeli my6HHOM - L{OJIOtt MyeopreKoro! llloeTaKOBU:q He pa3BJieKaeT MeHH - L{OJIOM llloeTaKOBU:qa! - TaKOBa HeXU:TpaH KOHUeIIUHH, HeU:36eXHO BbITeKaIOIUaH H3 3TOf0 B3fJIHJJ;a.
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.n;yrny H eo3HaHHe qeJIOBeKa - HO qeM? 0Ha TO)Ke BOeIIU:TbIBaeT ero
qYBeTBa, TO)Ke opMu:pyeT ero MU:pOB033peHHe H HpaBeTBeHHOeTb HO B KaKOM HarrpaBJieHu:u:?
Ha,uo Ha3bIBaTb BelUH eBOHMH u:MeHaMH: OHa qaeTO paeTJieBaeT
e03HaHHe u: KaJieqHT .n;yrnu:, oeo6eHHO MOJI0.n;1>rx JIIO.n;eli. Kor.n;a pa3BJieKaTeJI1>Hoi1: MY3blKH eJIU:lllKOM MHOfO H TeM 6oJiee, KOHeqHo, KOf.n;a OHa IIJIOXaH, OHa o6Jia,uaeT erroeo6HOeTbIO OTYIIJIHTh e03HaHHe qeJIOBeKa. Ha 3TOH rroqBe 6H3Hee HHor.n;a eM1>1KaeTeH e IIOJIHTHKOH TaM, r.n;e eTpeMHTeH JII06oi1: ueHOH OTBJieqb MOJIOL{e)Kb OT o6meeTBeHHO-IIOJIHTH:qeeKHX HHTepeeoB, OT pa3MbllllJieHHM Ha)l oeTpblMH eouu:aJibHbIMH rrpo6JieMaMH eoBpeMeHHOeTH.
R He xoTeJI 61>1 61>1Tb rroHHTbIM TaK, 6y.n;To H rrpu:31>rna10 K KpeeToBOMY rroxo.n;y rrpoTHB JierKoi1: pa3BJ1eKaTeJI1>Hoi1: MY3bIKH Boo6me. HeT,
H 6eeKoHeqHo .n;aneK OT 3TOH MbieJIH. R .n:YMaIO, qTo rroTpe6HoeTb B
TaKOH MY3bIKe eBOHeTBeHHa BeHKOMY HOPMaJibHOMY qeJioBeKy, KaK
eBOHeTBeHHbl eMy IIOTpe6HoeTb B YJihl6Ke, B lllYTKe, IIOTpe6HOeTb OTJJ;OXHYTb, pa3BJieq1>eH, rroTaHUeBaTb. Ee3rpaHu:qHaH JII060Bb K eepbe3Hoi1: MY3bIKe HHKor.n;a He Mernana MHe, H eei1:qae He MernaeT, JII06U:Tb
TaK)Ke H xopolllYJO JierKYJO MY3bIKy, BKJIIOqaH H L{)Ka30BYJO. R .n;axe eaM
eoqHHHJI TaKYJO My3bIKy He 6e3 y.n;oBOJibeTBHH. 0.n;Ho, IIO-MOeMy, He
TOJlbKO He HeKJI10qaeT .n;pyroro, HO, HaIIpOTHB, L{OIIOJIHHeT, KaK qYBeTBO IOMOpa, YMeHHe BeeeJio OTJJ;OXffYTb JJ;OIIOJIHHeT o6pa3 eaMoro eepbe3HOro qeJioBeKa.

R
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253

KOTopaH )lOJDI{Ha 6bITb BOeIIMTaHa B 10HbIX MY3bIKaHTax, qTO OHa MO)J(eT HerropTMTb yqa:w;MMeH He TOJlbKO MX MY3bIKaJibHbIH BKYe, HO
)la)J(e PYKH H roJIOCa ...

Ha BeHKaH O)lHOeTOpOHHOeTb. Ho, KOHeqHo, B TbieHqy pa3 Hepa3YMHee M 6e)lHee qeJIOBeK, He )KeJia10mMH 3HaTb HMKaKOH )lpyro:H: MY3blKM, KpOMe JierKOM. 3To ~e He rrpoeTO O)lHOeTOpOHHOeTb - 3TO .n:yXOBHOe y6o)J{eeTBo, )lyxOBHaH HMmeTa!
BoT rrpoTMB TaKoro y6o)J{eerna, TaKOH HMmeTbI, paBHO KaK npoTHB BeHKOH IIOIIIJIOeTH, 6e3BKYeMU:bI B MeKYeCTBe, H rOTOB BeeTM 6opb6y
.no KOHU:a MOMX )lHe:H:!

<... >

MHe MCKpeHHe )J{aJib He TOJibKO yqeHMKOB, 3aHMMa10:w;MxeH y

Ta.KMX yqMTeJie:H:. MHe )KaJib M eaMMX 3TMX yqn:TeJie:H:: OHM OTeTalOT OT
eBOHX yqeHMKOB, KOTOpbre, KaK rrpaBHJIO, eBOHM eme He 3peJibIM, HO
OT IIPMPOJlbl 3JlOPOBbIM eo3HaHHeM THffYTeH K TBopqeeTBy eBOMX eoBpeMeHHMKOB, B KOTOpOM OHM omyma10T OKp~a10mn::H: MX eero)li HHllIHHi1: MMp H )la)J(e eaMMX ee6H. MHe )KaJib TaKMX yqMTeJiei1: ITOTOMy,
,. qTo yqeHMK, eTOHIUMH Ha 6oJiee rrepe)lOBbIX II03MU:MHX, qeM yqMTeJib,
KOHeqHo, He eaMoe Jiyqlllee eooTHOllleHMe Me)l(Jly BOCITMTaHHMKOM M
BOeIIMTaTeJieM! .

(TexHHKa H MY3bIKaJibHasI KYJibzypa coBpeMeHHOCTH II CoBeTcKa51 MY3bIKa. - 1968. - N2 11. -

c. 11-12.)

<... >

IIpoeKoqnBlllaH MMMO Yllie:H: )leBYlliKM HJIM Jla)l(e erreTaH e10

eaMOH IIOllIJiaH neeeHKa MO)J{eT M He 3aTYMaHHTb ee 'IMCTOro B3rJIH)la
Ha )J{M3Hb. Ho eeJIM 3Ta )leBYllIKa Beeb eBo:H: MY3bIKaJibHbIH MMP orpaHH'iMT TaKHMM rreeeHKaMn, He Ha)lO 6y)leT Y.llMBJIHTbeH, ~o U:MHM3M,
HeBepMe B XOPOI1IY10, eqaeTJIMBYJO JI1060Bb (a B TaKHX neeeHKaX OHa
noqTM Beer)la HeeqacTJIHBaH) eTaHYT qepTaMM ee eo6cTBeHHOH HazypbI.
KaK qaeTO 3a6brnaeM MbI 06 3TOM, yerroKaMBaH ee6H lllaTKOH M
BOBee He OeHOBaTeJibHOH MbieJib10: IlO.llYMaeIIIb, rroeMOTpeJI IIJIOXOH
<l:>HJibM! IlO.llYMaelllb, rrpoqMTaJI IIJIOXYJO KHMry! IlO.llYMaelllb, npoeJIYlllaJI rrnoxyro rreeH10! Bee 3TO 3a6y)leTeH!.. .LJ:a, B03MO)J(HO, qTO M
3a6y)leTeH! Ho CJie)l B JJ:Yllle MO)J{eT oeTaTbeH Ha BeIO )J{M3Hb.
.LJ:JIH qeJIOBeKa c xopOllIMM BKYeOM, e )J{M3HeHHbIM OIIbITOM IIJIOxoit <l:>HJihM, 6eeeo)lep)J{aTeJibHaH KHMra, nollIJiaH neeeHKa 6e3orraeHbI.
Be3orracHbI rroToMy, qTo OH YMeeT ~e eaM OTJIMqaTb xopornee OT
IIJioxoro, eoii;ep)J{aTeJibHoe OT 6eeeo)lep)J{aTeJibHoro, 6Jiaropo;:i:Hoe OT
ITOIIIJIOro. Ho Be)lb y )leTeH M IIO)lpOeTKOB HeT eme HM )J(H3HeHHOro
onbrTa, HM Bbrpa6oTaHHoro 3eTeTMqeeKoro BKYea. OHM ropa3;:i:o npome, 3JieMeHTapHee, qeM B3poeJibie, ITOHMMalOT eBH3b MeKYeeTBa e
)J{H3Hb10.

(IlpeKpaettoe rrpo6y)l(,[laeT )1,06poe

HHCT. - 1965. - Ng 14. - C. 12.)

11

<... >

Ha )lpyroM rromoee B 3THX erropax eTOHT HeKOTOpbre KOMII03HTOpbr, 3aHMMa10:w;Me KpaHHMe, TaK Ha3bIBaeMbie aBaHrap)lMeTeKMe
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aneaTOpMqeeKMX, rryaHTHJIMeTMqeeKMX M rrpoqMx HeKYeeTBeHHO po)J{.neHHbIX eMeTeM M TeOpHH, IlpM3BaHHbIX 3aMeHMTb eo6o:H: 6y)lTO 6bI
n:eqepnaBllIMe ee6H M YMepllIMe TOHaJibHbie oeHOBbI MY3bIKM ..

<... >

Ha O.UHOM H3 Me)l(JlYffapOJlHbIX MY3bIKaJibHbIX KOHrpeeeoB,

' Ha BbieTaBKe HOBbIX eoqn:HeHHi1: (HeKOTOpbie M3 HMX 6bIJIM IIOXO)J{H Ha
3a6pbI3raHHhie KJIHKeaMH 3alllmppoBaHHhie qepTe)J{M, HaHeeeHHbre no
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I: B MeKYeeTBe. lfa'bHTb KJiaeeMKY M HapO)lHYJO MY3bIKY M3 yqe6HbIX rrporpaMM! C rrepBbIX )Ke lllaroB 3aMeHMTb ee, no MeHbllle:H: Mepe, eoBpeMeHHo:H: JlOJleKa<l:>oHMqeeKoti MY3bIKo:H:! ToJibKO TaK MO)J(HO BoeeTaHOBHTb nopBaBllIYIOeH CBH3b Me)l(Jly eoBpeMeHHOH MY3bIKOH M eJIYlllaTeJIHMH!..

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256

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:;e.n;MHbIC npHHUHnbI, KOTOpbie nexaT B OCHOBe BCCH CMCTCMbl Halllero

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(H,neHHble OCHOBbl MaCCOBOro MY3blKaJlbHOro BOCmnamrn B CoseTCKOM Co103e 11 CoseTCKM MY3hIKa. - 1970. - N2 9. - C. 21.)

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6eXHO 6y,n:eT JIHIIlCHa TOH CHCTeMaTl{qHOCTH, .n:o6Hp>CH KOTopoH: MOXHO

KO, ycJIOBHH, qTo pa3rOBOp 3TOT on11paeTCH Ha o6meHHe .n:eTeH: c

HCKYCCTBOM, Be.n;eT K pacKpbITHIO CBH3eH HCKYCCTBa co BCeM ,n:yxoBHbIM MHPOM qeJIOBeKa, co BceH: ero )l{lf3HbIO, c )l{lf3HbIO Bcero o6me-

!TOJibKO B YCJIOBHHX lllKOJibl. JI106aH >opMa BHeUlKOJlbHOH pa60Tbl CTpO'\;lfTCH Ha .n:o6pOBOJibHbIX HaqaJiax, OHa HM ,n:JIH Koro He o6H3aTeJibHa.
illIKoJibHbie 3aHHTHH o6.sr3aTeJ1bHhI .ll:JIH Bcex. ToJ1bKO lllKOJia MO)l{eT o6ecneqHTb ,n:eHCTBMTeJibHyIO BCe06IUHOCTb 3CTCTlfqCCKOfO BOCnHTaHHH.

CTBa, a B npHMeHeHHH K lllKOJie - co BCe:H: )l{lf3HbIO lllKOJibl ...

BeJIHKyIO poJib HpaBCTBeHHoro BOCnHTaHHH HCKYCCTBO H JIHTepaTYpa npo,n:OJI)l{aIOT BbIIIOJIHHTb Ha npoTHXeHHH BCe:H: XH3HH qeJIO-

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BeKa. 11 B 3TOH pOJIH HCKYCCTBO He MOXeT 6bITb 3aMeHeHO HM O,!l;HHM

lllKOJibHbIM Ha)"IHbIM npe.n;MeTOM, HH 0.ll:HHM yqe6HHKOM. qeTbipe

(0 ,!lOCTHfHYTOM H rrpe,nCT051ll(eM 11 IlpeKpacHoe

rrpo6yX.naeT .no6poe. 3cTenrqecKoe socrrHTaHHe.
CrnThH, ,noKJ1a,nb1, BhICTyrrneHH51. - M., 1973. -

c. 290.)

npaBHJia apH>MeTHKH HJIH Ta6JIHUa YMHOXeHHH caMH no ce6e He MOryT

6bITh HpaBCTBeHHbIMH HJIH 6e3HpaBCTBeHHhIMH. H11 o,n:HH 3aKoH >11-

... Kor.n:a Mb! rOBOPHM 0 C,!l;HHOH CHCTCMe 3CTeTHqecKoro BOCnHTaHMH yqaIUHXCH, TO HCHO .ll:OJIXHbl npe,n:cTaBJIHTb ce6e, qro orpaHMqe-

3HKH He o6'bHCHHT, qTo TaKoe 6Jiaropo,n:cTBo, a qTo TaKOe no,n:JIOCTb.

HHe 3TOH CHCTCMbl paMKaMM lllKOJibl 03Haqano 6bl ee YIIICP6HOCTb H

11 HM o.n:Ha XHMHqecKaH peaKUHH He noMoXeT OTJIHqHTb JII060Bb OT

HeHaBHCTH. TYT, KOHeqHo, Bee, BO BCHKOM cnyqae oqeHb MHOroe,

nOJIHylo 6eCIIJIO,!l;HOCTb. CJIHIIlKOM MHITT'O <t>aKTopOB, noMMMO lllKOJibl, 11rpa10T cero.n;HH aKTHBHyIO poJib B >opMMpoBaHHH .n;yxoBHoro

258

259

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.uoeTaTOqHo paennhrnqaTbIM TepMMHOM - BHeIIIKOJibHaH pa6oTa.

(BIDKHaH 3a.n.alla MY3bIKaJibHOH KYJihTYPhI // IlpaB.n.a. - 1957. - 6 HHBapH.)

DOJibIIIOe BHMMaHMe, KOTOpoe y.uensreTeH 3eTeTMqeeKOMY B03.Ueii:eTBMIO Ha .ueTeH L{OIIIKOJibHOfO B03paeTa B sreJIHX M .ueTeKMx ea}J;aX,
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npoMeXO.UMT TO HapYIIIeHMe npeeMeTBeHHOeTM, KOTOpoe KpaliHe OTpM:u.aTeJibHO OTpa)J(aeTesr Ha pe6si:Tax M MeIIIaeT noeTpoeHMIO eTpoliHoii: eMeTeMbI 3eTeTMqeeKoro BoenMTaHMH. YeTpaHeHMe 3Toro KpyrrHoro He.uoeTaTKa L{OJl)l{}{O eTaTb O.UHOH M3 rnaBHbIX HaIIIMX 3a}J;aq.

IOTeH nyqIIIe, qeM TeaTpbI onepb1 M 6anern .

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(0 MaccoBoM My3hIKaJibHOM BocnwTaHMM // CoBeTcKaH MY3hIKa. - N2 3. - 1969. - C. 5.)

(3cTeTH'IecKaH KYJibl)'pa 11 UIKona // CoBeTcKaH

ne.n.arornKa. - 1970. - N2 1. - C. 36.)

8. A.I'.KAY30BA

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260

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261

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262

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263

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266

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267

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CII6., 1893. -

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272

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KHH3IO KoHcTaHTHHY HHKonaeBHqy. 1840-1851. - C. 83.
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276

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T. 6. - C. 454-455.

277

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278

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280

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TO, qTo ero e 3THM MHpOM 06'be,ll;HHHeT Ha 3HaqHTeJibHOM BbieoTe.
Ile.n;aror B .n;HarromqeeKoM o6rn:eHHH rrpe.n;rroJiaraeT 6y.n;yrn:ee pa3BHTHe yqeHHKa, OH KaK 6bI aBaHeHpyeT ero, .n;orryeKaH H ,ll;a)l(e BOeIIHTbIBaH paBHorrpaBHe e eo6oit l1 o6rn;eHHe yqeHHKa e MY3hIKaJibHhIM
rrpOH3Be.n;eHHeM rre.n;aror opraHH3yeT Ha OeHOBe paBHOBeJIHKOeTH, H6o
ueHHOeTb MY3bIKH BeJIHKa, a BeJIHqHHa rroeTHraeTeH e orrpe.n;eJieHHOM
.n;HeTaHUHH (BpeMeHHOM, rrpoeTpaHeTBeHHOM H JIHqHoeTHOM). lfarn;e
Beero y yqeHHKa eme He pa3BHT JIHqHoeTHhIM rro.n;xo.n; K HeKYeeTBy ( e
BbieOTbI); y Hero IIOKa He pa3BHTbI erroeo6HOeTH, MaJI )l(H3HeHHbIM
OIIbIT, OTeYTeTBYJOT eo6eTBeHHbie rrpHeMbI H erroeo6b1 pa6oTbI. BOT
TYT-TO H MO)l(eT rrpOHBHTbeH H eoeTOHTbeH rre.n;aror, eeJIH:
a) OH o6mw;aeT B03MO)l(HOeTbIO y1m.n;eTb qepTbI H erroeo6HoeTH
yqeHHKa, 3apO,ll;bIII1 ero 3eTeTHqeeKOM II03HUHH, eoe.n;HHHMbIX e paBHOBeJIHKOeTbIO MY3hlKaJihHoro xy.n;o)l(eeTBeHHoro rrpoH3Be.n;eHHH (3TO
TaJiaHT rre.n;arora);
6) OH YMeeT BKJIIOqHTb )l(H3HeHHbIM OIIbIT yqeHHKa Bero aKzyaJibHble OTHOilleHHH e MHpOM (rryeKatt XOTH 6bI Ha ypoKe), HOBbie 6y.n;yrn;He yqeHHqeeKHe eBOMeTBa, erroeo6HOeTH H MaeTepeTBO, BHYillHTb
yqeHHKY ero yqeHHqeeKYIQ KoHuerrumo HerroJIHHeMoro rrpoH3Be.n;eHHH (3TO TBopqeeTBo H MaeTepeTBo rre.n;arora);
B) OH HeKpeHHe )l(eJiaeT eopHeHTHPOBaTb Ha yqeHHKa Bee eBOH
yeHJIHH Ha ypOKe, xepTByH eBOHM BpeMeHeM, 3HeprHeM, BOJieM, 3aqaeTyIO B yrn;ep6 eBOeMy eouHaJibHOMy YTBeplK,ll;eHHIO,-eBOHM
rrpOH3Be.n;eHHHM, eBOHM BbieTYIIJieHHHM HT.II. 06rn;aHeb TaKHM o6pa30M e yqeHHKOM, rre.n;aror KaK 6bl He YMeeT .n;pyrMM IIYTeM Haxo.n;MTb
IIOJIHOTY eo.n;ep:xatHHH .n;eHTeJibHOeTH H eo6eTBeHHOro poeTa (HpaBeTBeHHOeTb rre.n;arora).
KaKHM xe o6pa3oM rre.n;aror opramByeT Beeb erreKTp eBoHx otHoIlleHHH e yqeHHKOM n rroeJie.n;Hero - e rrpoM3Be.n;eHHeM HeKYeeTBa?
3TOT Borrpoe rrpaKTHqeeKH He HeeJie.n;oBaH. Ilpe.n;eTaBHTeJIH MyJ
I

296

OpHnrnane TeKCT 3ii;ecb H ii;anee ii;aH 6e3 BbL!leJieHHJI IIOJl)')KHPHhIM IllpH<l>TOM.

3blKaJibHOM rre.n;arorHKH He paeeMaTpHBaJIH .n;Ha,n:HqHoeTb OTHOilleHHM.

3Ta oeo6eHHOeTb He BbI3bIBaJia y HHX HHTepeea. BaxHoeTb OTHOilleHHH
yqHTeJib - yqeHHK H TOT 60Jiblll0fO 3HaqeHHH KOHTeKeT (xy,n:o)l(eCTBeHHaH KYJihTypa), B KOTOpbIM 3TH OTHOilleHHH 6bIJIH BKJIIOqeHbI,
HHKOr,n:a He BblCTYfiaJIH .rvrn HCCJie.n;oBaTeJieM KaK peaJibHOe e.n;HHCTBO,
pa3pbIB KOToporo MelllaeT BbIHBJieHHIO cyrn;HoeTH Ka)l(,ll;OM coeTaBJIHIOrn;e:M:. ITo.n;qepKHBaJiacb HepapxHH: eHaqaJia MY3bIKa, IIOTOM Bee
OCTaJibHOe.
Ilo,lJ;JIHHHOe )Ke IIOJIO)l(eHHe .n;eJI B 3TOM o6JiaCTH eOCTOHT B TOM,
'qTO MHPOBaH MY3bIKaJibHaH KYJihTypa B rrpoueeee BbrnBJieHHH CBOHX
rrpOH3Be,l],eHHM TaK )Ke 3aBHCHT OT xapaKTepa, HHTeHeHBHOeTH H pa3BHTOCTH OTHOilleHHM yqHTeJib - yqeHHK, KaK H caMH 3TH OTHOilleHHH
' MOfYT CJIO)l(HTbCH H 6bITb )l(H3HeHHO 3aBHeHMbIMH OT xy.n;o)l(eeTBeHHOKYJibTYPHOfO KOHTeKeTa (oT cymecTBOBaHHH MY3hIKaJibHOM KYJihTY,11 pbI). IlpH 3TOM ueHTpoM rre.n;aromqeeKoro rrpouecea HBJIHeTCH yqe"1 HHK, a He MY3bIKa, H60 ueHHOeTHbIM eTazyc Toro HJIH HHOfO MY3bIKaJibHOfO rrpoH3Be.n;eHHH, KaK rrpaBHJIO, H3BeeTeH. Kor.n;a xe ToqKoii
oTeqeTa (a He cpe.n;o:M: 06HTaHHH, He KOHTeKCTOM) SIBJISieTCSI MY3bIKa B
BH,lJ;e OT,ll;eJihHbIX eBOH:X IIPOH3Be,l],eHHH, TO 3TO MO)l(eT rrpOHCXO,lJ;HTb
TOJ_IbKO H3-3a HeBHHMaHHSI K pa3BHTHIO JIHqHoeTH yqeHHKa. l1 Tor.n:a
ueJib rapMOHHqecKoro pa3BHTHSI JIHqHoCTH qepe3 MY3hIKY CTaHoBHTesi: ,ll;H,lJ;aKTHqecKOH, BHellIHeii, a IIOTOM H BOo6me rrepeeTaeT 6bITb
ueJibIO, yeTYfiaH MeCTO KOJIHqeeTBeHHOH CTOPOHe .n;eJia: qHCJIY IIPOH.n;eHHbIX H HCIIO,JIHeHHbIX rrpoH3Be,n:eHHH. YqeHHK, KOTopoMy rrpH,n:aHO 3HaqeHHe epe.n;cTBa (H He TOJlbKO KaK epe,n:eTBa HCIIOJIHeHHSI MY3blKH, HO H KaK cpe.n;CTBa YKPeIIJieHHSI IIOJIO)l(eHHSI H CTazyca rre.n;arora,
<t>opMHPYIOmero H BbIIIYCKaIOrn:ero rrpo<t>eccHOHaJIOB, HT. II.), He eMO)l(eT CTaTb paBHOBeJIMKHM MY3bIKaJibHOMY rrpoH3Be.n;eHHIO, H TaKHM
o6pa30M IIYTb K BepllIHHaM ero IIOCTH)l(eHHH 6y,n:eT eMy 3aKpbIT.
Ha.n;o ern:e .n;o6aBHTb, qTO B TPa.D:HIIHOHHoii rre.n:arorHKe BhI.n;BH)l(eHHe MY3bIKaJibHOf0 rrpOH3Be.n;eHHSI Ha ueHTpa.JlbHOe MeCTO B HepapXHH ueJieH: 6bIJIO rrpHqHHOH H eJie,ll;CTBHeM orrpe.n.eJieHHOfO erroeo6a
OTHOilleHHii - aBTOpHTapHoro. ITapa.n;oKCaJibHO, Ho aBTOPHTapHoeTb
eoxpaHSIJiaeb He3aBHCHMO OT OKpacKH OTHOilleHHH. )J(ecTKHH H MSifKHH rre.n;aror no CYTH o6a 6bIJIH aBTOpHTapHbI, T. e. cTpeMHJIHeh K
aBTOPHTezy no IIOJIO)l(eHHIO, H pa60TaTb MOfJIH TOJibKO IIPH 3TOM ycJIOBHH. EcJIH 3a IIJieqaMH rre,n:arora HMeJicH 3HaqHTeJibHhIH xy,n:o)l(eeTBeHHhIH 6ara)I(, ero aBTOPHTeT Ka3ancsi: orrpaB.n;aHHbIM. EcJIH )Ke OH
e caMoro HaqaJia CBOett MY3bIKaJibHOH ,n:esi:TeJibHOeTH TOJibKO rrperro' .n;aBaJI H HCIIOJIHHTeJlbCKaSI rrpaKTHKa 6bma He3HaqHTeJibHOH, TO OH
6bIJI Bbitty)l(.n;eH (rrpH YCTaHOBKe Ha .n;o6pocoBeCTHOCTb) qeM-TO KOMrreHeHpOBaTb OTeYTeTBHe OIIbITa. qame Beero - YBJieqeHHeM MeTO,ll;HqecKoii eTopoHott pa6oTbI. Ho TaK HJIH HHaqe, He rro.n;Beprancsi: eoMHeHHIO caM eTazye rre,n:arora KaK fJiaBHOfO, rrepBoro, OIIbITHOfO,
yMeJioro H 3Haiorn:ero no rroJIO)l(eHHIO (T. e. BHellIHe, Ha ypoBHe
<t>opMaJibHOfO aBTOpHTeTa ,ll;OJI)l(HOeTH). ~-

297

Atta.rrH3 II03HUHH rreaarora rrpHBO.llHT Hae K 3aKJnoqeHHIO, qTo otta

rrpH6Jrn)KaeTeH K rrpaBooxpaHHTeJihHOM. If B eaMoM .nene, rreaaror
rroqrn: Beeraa HaxoaHTeH B IIOJIO)KeHHH ey]lhH. Ott oe~aeT, pa36HpaeT,
paeeMaTPHBaeT <l:>aKThI BliHOBHOCTH yqeHHKa. IloTeprreBIIIHX )Ke HaMTH
He TPY.llHO - 3TO Bee H Bee, qTo oKp~aeT yqeHHKa: HcTopHH MY3hIKH, CTHJih, )KaHphI, <l:>opMa, a TaK)Ke HeIIOJIHHTeJiheKaH IIIKOJia, KJiacc
H T. II. CaM )Ke rreaaror He eoBepIIIaeT rroezynKOB H He rrpmm;rneT
OTBeTeTBeHHOCTH. Haxoa&ch B rrpouecee o6yqeHHH, opraHH3YH 3TOT
rrpoueee H TeM caMhIM orpattwqHBaH CBOIO 3a]laqy, OH qame Bcero
BnaaeeT cwzyauweM. Oe~aeT yqeHHKa c rro3HUHH eBoeM 6e3rperrrnoCTH, IIO]lpa3YMeBaH, qTo yqeHHK, qYBCTByIOIUHM ce6H BHHOBHhIM, eornaceH, qTo pe)KHM oe~eHHH - e]lHHeTBeHHO B03MO)l(HhIM THII OTHOIIIeHHM rreaarora e HHM. B eo3.llaBIIIeMCH rroJio)KeHHH B cephe3Hhre
OTHOIIIeHHH c MY3hIKOM Ha ypoKe rreaaror He BczynaeT. IlopoM OH
HJIJIIOCTpHpyeT TOJihKO Te <l:>parMeHThI, KOTOphre .llJIH Hero 6e3orraeHhI,
a He Te, B KOTOphIX ~aeTeH yqeHHK no eoaep)KaHHIO BCTaBIIIHX rrepea HHM xy]lO)KeeTBeHHhIX rrpo6JieM (HHOf]la H rrpo6JieMhI ]lHarHOCTHPyIOTeH oqeHh HeToqtto, ~o rrpHBO.llIIT K 3aeTOMHhIM rrepwoaaM B pa3BHTHH yqeHHKa, K ]lBJ{)KeHHIO IIO KOJiee ). IloKa3hIBaH yqeHHKY rrpHeMbI H crroco6hr (He YMeH eo3aaTh ycnoBHH iurn Toro, qT06hr yqeHHK
CaM HX CKOHeTpywpoBa.rr), rreaaror, rro CYTH aena, HaBH3hIBaeT yqeHHKY HOBhie o6H3aTeJihCTBa, 3a KOTOPhie TOT BhIH~eH OTBeqaTh, He
IIOHHMaH HX MeeTa B CBOeM TBOpqecTBe H CHOBa IIOIIa]laH IIO.ll oc~e
HHe. Ileaarory rrpH 3TOM He IIPHXO]lIIT B fOJIOBY oc~aTh ce6H, a HMeHHO
3TO H eeTb OTCYTeTBHe pe<l:>ireKeHH H JIJfqHOCTHOfO pa3BHTHH.
HeeMoTpH Ha BHeIIIHIOIO aKTHBHOeTh, MHororoBopettwe H aeMoHcTpauw10 aocTyrrHhIX H arrpo6wpoBaHHhIX crroco6oB, II03HUHH rreaarora CTaTHqHa H rraccHBHa. Ha ypoKe rreaaror HaXO.llHTCH B rroJIO)KeHHH
6hIBIIIero My3hIKaHTa, 6bIBIIIero xy]lO)KHHKa-TBopua (H 3TO rrpH TOM,
qTo 3a rrpe]leJiaMH KJiacca OH MO)KeT 3aHHMaThCH KOHuepTHOM ]leHTeJihHOCThIO): OH IIOJiyqaeT .llHBH]leH]lhI co CBOero IIOJIO)KeHHH.
)];eMCTBHTeJihHO, rrpH HeOTHroIUeHHOM B3fJIH]le Ha rreaarorwqecKHM rrpouecc B HH.llHBH.llYaJihHOM MY3hIKaJihHOM o6yqeHHH H Ha rroJIO)KeHne B HeM MY3hIKaHTa-yqeHHKa (czy]leHTa) Mhl BH.llHM, qTQ IIOJIO)KeHHe 3TOfO yqeHHKa KaK 6bI oc~eHO Ha IIOCTOHHHOe He6JiaroIIOJiyqHe. Borrpoc 3TOT He rrpocT. He6JiarorroJiyqwe xy.llO)KHHKa B CBH3H
c ero OTHOIIIeHHHMH c rrpoH3BeaeHHeM MHPOBOM KYJihTyphI 3aKoHoMepHO. M yqeHHK-XY.llO)KHHK, BCHKHM pa3 o6pamasi:ch K HOBOMY rrpOH3Be.lleHHIO, Haq1rnaeT CBOM IIYTh H3 xaoca, KOTOphIM eMY npe]lCTaBJIHeTCH
coaep)KaHHe, npoqHThIBaH c JIHCTa e]lBa-eaBa BHeIIIHHM CJIOM TeKCTa,
KOTOphIM ]la)Ke KaK HOTHhIM TeKCT ]lOCTaTOqHo CJIO)KeH, He fOBOpH ~
0 my6HHax H TaMHaX IIO]lTeKCTa. IlYTh ero, oco6eHHO eCJIH OH O]lHHOK,, BCeraa He TOJihKO He6JiaronoJiyqeH, HO H IIOCTOHHHO CBH3aH c
HapYIIIeHHeM ycrnHoBJieHHhIX He HM 3aKOHOB MHPOBOM KYJihTyphI, HHTeprrpeTaUHH, XYJlO)KeCTBeHHOro OCMhICJieHHH (H 3TO <l:>HKCHpyeT 6.llHTeJihHhIM rreaaror). Tpy.llHOCTH, CBH3aHHhre c ocBoeHHeM MY3hIKaJih-

298

HOfO rrpOH3Be]leHHH, .llBH)KeHHe yqeHwqeCKOM KOHUeIIUHH OT Heo<l:>opMJieHHOCTH K TOM HJIH HHOM <l:>opMe 3aBepIIIeHHOCTH (KaK 6oJie3Hh poem - H OTCIO]la He6JiarorroJiyqHe), KaK Mhl YKa3aJIH, 3aKOHOMepHhI H npneMJieMhI. Ho rrp1rnMJieMhI JIH TPY.llHOCTH OTHOIIIeHHM c
neaaroroM, Koraa OH HaXO.llHTCH B rro3HUHH CY.llhH? M He HBJIHeTCH JIH
3TO npHqlfHOM IIOHBJieHHH KOMIIJieKCOB JilfqHOCTH, a nonpoczy - 3aKphITHe KaHa.rra CB060]lhI, pacKperromeHHOCTH, 6e3 KOTOphIX TBopqeCTBO HeMhICJIHMo? Heo6xo]lHMa HHaH rro3HUHH rreaarora H yqeHHKa,
rro3HUHH rrpearronaraeMoro awa.rrora, KaK aBaHcHpoBaHHe paBttonpaBHH, cTerreHH pa3BHTOCTH crroco6HOCTeM, oueHKH HT.II. 3TO <l:>opMHpyeT yCJIOBHH H B03MO)KHOCTH pa3BHTHH, T. e. IIOMep)KlfBaeT JIHqHOCTh
B rrpoHBJieHHH ee YBepeHHOCTH, CB060.llhl, TBopqecTBa.
qT06bI IIO.llOMTH K H3JIO)KeHHIO BTOporo rrpHHUHIIa HOBOM rreaarofHKH, Heo6XO.llHMo eme O.llHO pacc~eHHe. PocT MY3hIKaHTa-yqeHHKa B npouecce rrocTJ{)KeHHH MY3hIKaJihHhIX npoH3BeaeHHM rrpeacrnBJIHeT
co6oM CJIO)l(HyIO crreuH<l:>HqecKyIO KapTHHy. B CBH3H c TeM qTQ Ka)l(JlOe
. HOBOe IIpOH3Be]leHHe HaqHHaeTCH .llJIH yqeHHKa c Heo<l:>opMJieHHOfO
3Tarra H rrpeacTaBJIHeT co6oM pa3MhITYJO KapTHHY Toro MY3hIKaJihHoro
. o6pa3a, KOTOphIM B ]laJlhHeMIIIeM rrpHo6peTaeT onpe]leJieHHOCTh ueJIOfO, a TaK)Ke B CBH3H c TeM, qTo HCIIOJIHeHHe Xy]lO)KeCTBeHHOfO
rrpOH3Be]leHHH Tpe6yeT OT qeJIOBeKa CBOero poaa H]leHTH<l:>HKaUHH,
: yrroao6JieHHH TOM ero <PopMe HJIH TOMY 3Tany pa3BopaqwBaHHH <l:>opMhI, KOTOPhIM OH crroco6eH BOCC03]la'Th MY3hIKaJlhHOe rrpOH3Be]leHHe
KaK XYJlO)KeCTBeHHOe ueJioe ]lQJI)KHO ( COOTBeTCTBeHHO JIHqHOCTH yqeHHKa-xy]lO)KHHKa-My3hIKaHTa) HaXO.llHThCH Ha HeKoeM HaqaJihHOM
ToqKe pa3BHTHH. Haqa.rrhHhIM 3Tan .llBJ{)KeHHH CBH3aH, TaKHM o6pa30M, c Haqa.rroM rrepcoHa.rrH3aUHH MY3hIKaJihHoro rrpoH3BeaeHHH H
KaK 6bI 3aHOBO HaqHHaIOIUHMCH co6cTBeHHhIM pa3BHTHeM H CTaHOBJieHHeM JIHqHoCTH. B 3TOM CMhicne MO)KHO CKa3aTh, qTo yqeHHK-MY3hIKaHT - CTaHOBHIUaHCH JIHqHoCTh 1 Ero .llHHaMHKa - JlBH)KeHHe B pocTe BMecTe c o<l:>opMJieHHeM XYJlO)KecTBeHHO onpaBaaHHoro 06pa3a
MY3hIKaJihHoro rrpoH3Be]leHHH, OT Heo<l:>opMJieHHhIX cy6oeKTHBHhIX
npOHBJieHHM K BhICOKOOpraHH30BaHHhIM JIHqHOCTHhIM <l:>opMaM xyao)KeCTBeHHOM ]leHTeJibHOCTH. f OBOpH HHaqe, CJIO)KHOCTh JilfqHOCTHOM
.llHHaMHKH 06yqa10merocsi: MY3hIKaJihHOMY HCKYCCTBY CBH3aHa c TeM,
qTO 3TOT reHepa.rrH30BaHHhIM OHToreHeTHqecKHM rrpouecc He rrpe]lCTaBJIHeT co6oM KaKoM-TO tteo6paTHMOCTH pa3BHTHH. Ott MO)KeT 6hITh
paCCMOTpeH KaK uerrh npoueccoB - pOCT yqeHHKa OT rrpOH3Be]leHHH K
rrpOH3Be]leHHIO, KOf]la Ka)l(Jloe H3 HHX OH HaqHHaeT H3 Heorrpe]leJieHHOCTH H .llOBO]lHT .llO ]lOCTyrrHoro eMy COBepIIIeHCTBa.
Pa3BHTHe KaK BhICIIIHM 06pa3eu JIHqHoCTHOM .llHHaMHKH He MO)KeT
nepeaaBaThCH HH<l:>OpMaUHOHHO, IIOCTYJIHPOBaThCH, Bhl3hIBaTbCH 3aI YCJIOBHMCH C'lHTaTb CTaHOBJieHHeM Jlll'lHOCTH IlOHBJieHHe HOB006pa30BaHHH,
He3aBHCHMb!X OT OTHOIIIeHHH K HHM caMoro CTaHOBHmerocH, OT ycHJIHH H HanpaBJieHHOCTH aKTHBHOCTH qeJIOBeKa. Pa3BHTHeM >Ke .J3 3TOM KOHTeKCTe 6yneM C'lHTaTb
ocoJHaHwe caoero poem Ha OCHOBe peqmeKCHH.

299
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1-

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nHTaHMe -

B cpe)l;e npHMOXO)l;HIIJ;HX, CTaHOBJieHHe H pa3BHTHe B03HHKaeT TaM,

BHTHH BeCHT 6oJI:qrne, qeM TeXHOJIOfHqecKHe )l;OCTH)l(eHMH B OCBOe-

:u;eJIOCTHbIH npo:u;ecc, f)l;e H3)l;ep)l(KH B JIHqHOCTHOM pa3-

r)l;e OITbIT TaKo:H )l;HHaMHKH yxe ecTb. Pa3BHTHe MO)l(eT c;zyqHTbCH qarn;e,

HHH MY3b1KaJibHOfO HHCTpYMeHTa HJIH TeopeTHqecKOH crre:QHaJibHOC-

6bICTpee H BepoHTHee Bcero B cpe)l;e pa3BHTHH, B cpe)l;e, r)l;e Bb1c11rne

cl>opMbl )l;HHaMHKH HBJIHIOTCH noCTOHHHbIM KaqecTBOM.

TH, H no3TOMY 3aqacTyro

3YJibTaTe He noJiyqaeTCH.

MY3bIKaHTa-XYJl:O)l(HHKa-rp~aHHHa

B CJIO)l(HBrne:HcH

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MYJIHpoBaTb TaK: n1111uocTL Y'leHHKa pueeeaeT TOJILKO pa3eeearom;u-

Jie, qTo )l;aBaeMbIH HM ypoK no cne:u;HaJibHOCTH HeceT B ce6e 3JieMeH-

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qeHHH npMXO)l;HTCH Ha o6rn;eHHe c ero HHTeHCHBHbIM o6MeHOM 3MO-

CTaHOBIIJ;HK penepzyapa H T.)l;. -

:QHOHaJibHbIMH COCTOHHHHMH. IlpH 3TOM He)l;OCTaTOK 3MO:QHOHaJibHOH

OKa3bIBaIOT onepaTHBHYJO H CJiyqa:H-

HYJO nOMOIIJ;b, HO qarn;e BCero npHBOMT K pa3)l;eJieHHIO o6yqeHHH H

KYJibTYPbI CTaHOBHTCH TOpM030M He TOJibKO o6rn;ero pa3BHTHH, HO H

BOCnHTaHHH H He MOryT CO)l;eHCTBOBaTb opraHH3a:QHH ITPOAYKTHBHOfO

KOH:QenzyaJibHoro MY3bIKaJibHoro MbIIIIJieHHH.

Jl:HaJiora MY3bIKaHTa-yqeHHKa c MY3bIKaJibHbIM npoH3Be)l;eHHeM.

1}Jemuu npunu,un,

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Ka. - 1935. - Ng 7-8. - C. 112.
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HbIX cTpaH. - M., 1967. - Bbm. 3. - C. 138.
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aqaJIO xy,n:O)l(HHqecKOH caMOCTOHTeJibHOCTH.

(BonpocbI ncHXOJIOrnM. - 1988. - N2 1. - C. 33-41.)

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310

(CoBeTCKa.H MY3b1Ka. -

1988. - N.l 3. -

c. 62-65.)

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4 Ac a qi be B E. B. My3bIKaJibHaR <t>opMa KaK11pouecc. - JI., 1971.
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eOUHaJibHOfO);
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318

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o6pa3HO-Bblpa3HTeJibHbie 3JieMeHTbl, CHMBOJIHKa;
- MeTO.U BapbHPOBaHHH, HMnpOBH3aUHH HaneBOB;
- CHHKpeTH3M HCKyCCTBa neHHH, CBH3b c rrnacTHKOH .UBH)KeHHH,
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MY3bIKanbHhie HrpbI, o6pH.UbI, 06b1qaH, co.uep)KaJUHe 3HaHHH
06 o6meqenoBeqecKHx 3THqecKHx HOpMax;
- )KaHpOBOe H CTHJieBoe pa3Hoo6pa3He HapO,UHbIX neceH;
- MHOroacneKTHOCTb TeMaTHKH HapO,UHbIX neceH;
- Bblpa3HTeJibHbie H H3o6pa3HTeJibHbie MOMeHTbl B Hapo,UHOM neHHH;
- noJIOB03PaCTHaH Hepa3,UeJieHHOCTb B HapO,UHOM rrecHeTBopqecTBe;
- xy,UO)KeCTBeHHOe o6meHHe H <PYHKUHOHanbHO-CMbICJIOBOe .ueiiCTBHe B npouecce Hapo.uHoro neHHH;
- ueJIOCTHOCTb H caMOCTOHTeJibHOCTb HapO,UHOfO rrecHeTBopqecTBa
KaK CJIO)KlfBllleMCH xy.uo)KeCTBeHHO-o6pa3HOH CHCTeMbl co CBOHMH ycTOHBllIHMHCH 3aKOHaMH TBopqecTBa H Bbipa3HTeJibHbIMH cpe,UCTBaMH
nepe.uaqtt;
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- CBH3b HapO,UHO-neBqecKoii KyJibTYPbI c KOMn03HTOpCKHM TBopqecTBOM H eme MHoroe, MHoroe .upyroe.
KaK BH.UHO, Bee nepeqttcneHHbie xapaKTepHCTHKH Hapo.uHoro neceHHoro TBopqecTBa .uaroT He06bIKHOBeHHO llIHPOKHM rrpocTop ..llJIH
MY3bIKanbHbIX .ueiiCTBHH B paMKax WKOJibHOH H BHellIKOJlbHOH 3CTeTHqecKOH pa6oTbI. IlpHqeM pewaIOTCH 3a,n;aqH He TOJibKO cyry6o My3bIKanbH0-3CTeTHqecKoro nopH,UKa, HO H TaKHe COUHanbHO BIDKHbie
BOCnHTaTeJibHbie, KaK pa3BHTHe KOHTaKTHbIX KaqecTB, yMeHHH rapMOHHqHo CKna.n;bIBaTb Me)KJl}{qHOCTHble OTHOllleHHH, HaBbIKOB KOOp!

.UHHaUHH .ueiiCTBH:H H caMOKOHTPOJIH, 3THKH noBe,UeHHH H caMOOT,Uaq}{, co6paHHOCTH H BOJIH ..

EcnH B ocHoBe MY3bIKanbHbIX .ueiiCTBHii ne)KHT 3THocnyx, TO nornqHo HaqHHaTb MY3b1KanbHOe o6yqeHHe IIIKOJibHHKOB c 3THOMY3bIKH.
3To rro3BOJIHT yqHTenro 6bICTpee opraHH30BaTb H pa3BHTb MY3bIKanbHbIH (BHYTPeHHHH) CAYX yqeHHKOB, o6ocTpHTb HX eocnpuamue MY3blKH .uo COCTOHHHH npeo6pa3yroIUero TBopqecTBa, T.e. OT nacCHBHOfO
cnywamrn - qepe3 aKTHBHOe 3anoMHHaHHe H noBtopeHHe-HcnonHeHHe Ha cnyx - nepeiiTH K HMnpOBH3aUHH H MHOfOfOJIOCHIO. IllKOJia
.uoIDKH:a HCnOJib30BaTb CKpblTOe HanHqHe y pe6HT 3THOCnyxa H onepHpoBaTb noHaqany 3THOMY3bIKanbHhIM MaTepHanOM.
CttcTeMHO-KOMnneKcHaH pa6oTa c Hapo.uHo-rreceHHbIM MaTepHanoM B HaqanbHhIX Knaccax o6meo6pa3oBaTeJibHoii llIKOJibI co3.uacT
npoqHblH <PYHllaMeHT HOBOH H,UeOJIOfHH o6mero MY3bIKanbHOfO o6Pa30BaHHH, OCHOBaHHOM Ha Hapo,UHbIX HCTOKaX ffilUHOHaJibHOH KyJib-

319

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qeJioBeK BXO,DJIT B qenoBeqecrno qepe3 HaIJ;HOHaJII>H}'lO HH.D;H-

BH!lYaJihHOCTh, KaK Hau;HoHaJII>HbIH qeJioBeK, a He OTBJieqeHHI>I:H ... HaIJ;HOHaJI1>H1>I:H qeJIOBeK - 60JibIIIe ... qeM npocTo qeJioBeK, B HeM eCTb
POllOBI>Ie qepTbI qeJioBeKa B0061I.(e H eme eCTb qepTbI HH,ll;HB.uyaJibHOHaIJ;HOHaJibHl>Ie. Maxam xenaTb 6paTCTBa H e.rtHHeHHH ... Bcex Hapo,uoB
3eMJIH, HO HeJib3H )l(eJiaTb, qT06bI c JHIIJ;a 3eMJIH Hcqe3JIH BbipaxeHHH HaIJ;HOHaJI1>H1>1x .!tYXOBH1>1x THIIOB H KYJII>TYIJ. TaKaH MeqTa o qenoBeKe H qeJIOBeqecrne, OTBJieqeHHhIX OT Bcero Hal.{HOHaJibHOro, eCTb
)J(IDK,l{a yraIIIeHHH u;enoro MHpa u;eHHOCTeH: H 6oraTcTB. Kyn1>zypa HHKOr,lla He 6I>ma H HHKOr,lla He 6y,lleT OTBJieqeHHO-qeJIOBeqecKoil:, OHa
Bcema KOHKpeTHO-qeJioBeqecKaH, T. e. HaIJ;HOHaJibHM, HH,llHBH,llYaJibHO-Hapo,llHM H JIHIIIb B TaKOM CBOeM Kaqecrne BOCXO,llHII.(aH ,llO o6meqeJIOBeqHOCTH1.

<... >

11raopHpoBaTb 3THOKYJihTYIJY, OTBO,llHTb en MeCTO H POJib, He a,IJ.eK- .

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2001. - N2 6. - C. 21-26.)

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B Jla6oparopnn B3aHMo.zxettcTBHH HCKYCCTB l1ccJie,lloBaTeJI1>cKoro u;eHTpa 3CTeTHqecKoro BOCIIHTaHHH PoccHiicKoil: AKa,IJ.eMHH o6pa3oBaHHH
CJIO)l(HJiaCb CHCTeMa B3fJIH,llOB Ha ee peIIIeHHe, KOTopa51 He HMeeT aHaJIOfOB B POCCH:itCKO:it H 3apy6e)J(HOH TeOpHH H rrpaKTHKe. 3To CHCTeMa
IlOJIHXy,llO:>KeCTBeHHoro (TepMHH rrpe,llJIO)l(eH MHOIO B 1987 r.) pa3BHTHH pe6eHKa. 0Ha rrpeimaraeT He qacTHbie BH,llbI xy,llO)J(eCTBeHHOtt .zxeHTeJibHOCTH, a - 11CKYCCTBO KaK rrepBOe,llHHylO OCHOBY MhIIIIJiemrn
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xy,LJ;O)l(eCTBeHHOM pa3BHTHH pe6eHKa TaKOBbI, qro OHH IIOHy)J(,ll;aIOT K
CMeHe Bcett ne,llarorHqecKOH rrapa.zxnrMbI, TO eCTb HCXO]lHbIX IIOCbIJIOK
rre,LJ;arorHqecKoro MI>IIIIJieHHH. KaK IIHcan H.K. PepHx, ,LJ;eno aaxe He B

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1

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OKpyxaIOII.(HH MHp, B peaJibHYJO )l(H3Hb, K HCTOKaM 6bITHH H .l(yxOBHOH XH3HH qeJioBeKa. B rrpHHHTOH HaMH KoHa;erruirn 3TH 3arrpe,LJ;eJibHble <t>aKTOpbl 3aHHMaIOT rJiaBeHCTBYJOII.(ee MeCTO, B cpaBHeHlm c
HCKYCCTBOBe]lqeCKOH Tpa,Il.HUHeH H rrpo<t>eccHOHaJIH3MOM, 3aMKHY'fblMH B Kpyry co6cTBeHHhIX crrea;HaJibHbIX npo6JieM, TaKHX KaK H3bIK
]laHHOfO qacTHOfO BH,Lla HCKYCCTBa: TOJibKO MY3bIKa, TOJibKO KHHO,
TOJII>KO TaHen H T.Jl. Ey,lleT nu: BBe.l(eH e;::i;HHI>IH rrpe.l(Mer 11CKYCCTBO,
rro.uo6HhlH KYPCY MHpOBM xy,LJ;oxecTBeHHa KYJibrypa, HJIH coxpaHHTCH pa3]leJibHbie ypoKH no Ka)l(JlOMY HCKYCCTBy, - 3TO IIOJIO)l(eHHSI
He MeHHeT. IlporpaMMhl cTaHyr ,LJ;pyrne - no co.nepxam{ro H no ne.narorffqeCKOH HarrpaBJieHHOCTH.
Oco6eHHOCTH nporpaMM HoBoro noKorreHIUI TaKOBbr 1:
1. B HHX orpaxeH on1>rT 61>1roBaHHH HCKYCCTBa co BpeMeH ,D;peBHeH:IIIHX UHBHJIH3aUHH, r.ne <PYHKUHH MHOfHX HCKYCCTB QTJiffqaJIU:Cb OT
coBpeMeHHI>IX (3To 61>ma HaIIIa ne.l(arorw:lecKaH apxeoJionrn H KYJII>TYlJHasr aHrponoJIOfHSI - B03Bpamem1e yrepSIHHbIX 061I.(eCTBOM npirnUHIIOB KYJibTypbI, TaK xe KaK H HpaBCTBeHHOCTH).
2. l13yqeHHe HCKYCCTBa coe,llHHeHO c reorpa<t>HqecKHMH, KJIHMaTOrpaqmqeCKHMH, 3THHqeCKHMH, COUHaJibHbIMH (peJIHrH03HbIMH)
KYJibryporeHHhIMH <PaKTopaMH ,llaHHoro perHoHa, r. e. ocY1IIeCTBJieH
3KorrorttqecKHn no.nxo.u. 3TO 3KOJIOfHH KYJibTyphl KaK KYJibTypHM
cpe;::i;a <t>opMnpoBaHHH JIHqHocTH pe6eHKa (.[(. C.Jiu:xaqeB). ToqHee CTpaHOBe,l{qeCKHH IlO.D.XO.D., no B.
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HaUHOHaJibHbie KocMOCbI - no
faqeBy).
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KOTOpbIH OTJIHqaeTCSI OT raK Ha3bIBaeMOH KOMnJieKCHOH, Me)J(rrpe,llMeTHOH CBSl3H YPOKOB 3CTeTHqecKoro UHKJia, r,lle 0.llHO HCKYCCTBO JIHIIIb
HJIJIIOcrpMpyeTCH npilMepaMH ,llpyroro. TaKoe orpaHHqeHHe B rpaKTOBKe 61>IJIO xapaKTepHO npe)l(Jle H ,llJISI THilOBbIX nporpaMM MHHHcTepcTBa npocBell.(eHHH CCCP B 1981 r. (E. IT. IOcoB, IO. E.ArrHeB) H
,llJIH BbIIIIe,llIIIHX B 1981H1986 ro,LJ;aX nporpaMM ,ll.E.Ka6aneBCKOro H
E. M. HeMeHcKoro. B HaJllliX mrrerpHPOBaHHbIX nporpaMMax c 1989 r. rrpocrrexHBaIOTCH BHyrpeHHHe CBSl3H CJIOBa, 3BYKa, UBeTa, .D.BH)l(eHHSI,
npocrpaHCTBa, <t>opMhI, xecra - Ha ypoBHe TBopqecKoro npouecca
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pa3pa60TaHHhIX no;i:i: PYKOBOJlCTBOM .6. II. IOcosa. ::.:... llpUM. aBmopoB.

320
321

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xy.uo)l(ecTBeHHhIX 3aHHTHH. I1HTerpau11H HCKYeCTB 3cPcPCKTHBHee MOHoxy.uo)l(eCTBeHHbIX 3aHHTHH. MHTerpauHH HCKYeCTB 3cPcPCKTHBHee MOHoxy.uo)l(eCTBeHHoro no.uxo.ua .uIDKe np11 crreu11arrH3aUHH .
7. CeHcopHoe HacbIIUCHHe .ueTCKHX npe.uernBJieHHH H CJIOB pa3HbIMH qYBCTBaMH H OIUYIUCHHHMH. IlopoIO ,UCTH BbiyqHBalOTCH CKa3aTb H
Ha3BaTb, HO He YMCIOT rroqYBeTBOBaTb H C,UeJiaTb. 3.uecb )l(C rJia3a H

TBopqecTBa, HCT muepaTYPHOfO H MY3bIKaJibHOf0 coq11HeHm1; TeaTp,

KHHO, TaHCU He rrpe,UeTaBJICHbI B 6a30BOM pacrr11eaHHH 3am1THH.
5. IlpHBeTeTByeTeH eBH3b HeKYeeTBa e HayKaMH (e OTKpbITHHMH :B
o6naeTH cPH3HKH, XHMHH, MaTeMaTHKH, aeTpOHOMHH, KOCMoea) B HX
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6. Hae rrpHBJieKaIOT .uyxoBHbie KYJibTYPOreHHbie <PaKTOpbI 11eTop11H,
.uyxoBHaH H3o6peTaTeJihHOeTb n10.ue:H, rrpopbIB B HeBe.uoMoe. IIIKOJibHHKH 3HaIOT JIHIIIb BOCHHYJO HeTOpHlO (JIOXO,llbl, 6HTBbI, B3aHMHOe
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C03,UaeTeH .llJIH 6y.uYIUero: B Ha,Ue)K,lle Ha rrepeMeHy JIIO,UCKHX HpaBOB,
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TCXHH3HpOBaHHaH, nocTaBJICHHaH Ha HH.UYCTpHaJibHbIH noTOK.
Cnon II - V - 3TO o6nacTb pearrbHbIX qYBCTB H .ue:HcTBHH, qacTo
BOBCe JIHIIIeHHbIX TCXHH3HpoBaHHOH o6oJIOqKH, r.ue qeJIOBeK c ero
TeJioM H ronocoM BbICTyITaeT KaK MaTepHarr HCKYCCTBa. BepxHHH pe30HaHCHbIH: CJIOit - HHTOHaUHOHHO-pHTMHqecKOe COOTBCTCTBHe qeJIOBCKa H rrepe:xrnaaeMoro npOH3BC,llCHHH HCKYeCTBa: rrepexo.u BHCIIIHero - npOH3Be.n;eHHH - BO BffYTpCHHee COCTOHHHe .n;yxa. 3.n;ecb )l(e H aoace He H3BeCTHbIH cpe.uH HeKYCeTB apQMaT (3HaqHTeJieH .n;yxOBHbIH CHMBOJIH3M apoMaTOB, 6JiaroBOHHH B KyJlt.TYpe H PeJIHfHHX).

B006pIDKaeMble JIYTCIIICCTBHH.

323
322

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Ilpottrv1 Ha non11xy.uoxecTBeHHbIX ypoKaX BCe CJIOH nOJIH<l>OHJlqecKOH HepapXHH, HCnpo6oBaB pa3Hble BH,Ubl TBopqecTBa - ceHCOPHOfO
nepeJioxeHmI 3aMbICJia, IIIKOJibHHK np1106peTaeT MHOfOMepHyIO H
MHOfOYPOBHeByro cnoco6HOCTb B006paxeHHH (H npe,UCTaBJieHHe 0 '
cpe.ucTBax peaJIH3a:IJ;HH 3aMbICJia), CB060.UHO rrepexo,UHT Ha Kax,UbIH
HOBbIH ypoBeHb, Ha .upyroe HCKYCCTBO.
Hyxtto OTMeTHTb, qTO BbICIIIHH no 11epapx11qecKOMY ypoBHIO KOMnoHeHT BKmoqaeT Te, qTo pacnonoxeH1>1 HHxe. HepapxHH xy.uoxeCTBeHH1>1x HBJieHHH, MepHOCTeH, BbICTpoeHa HaMH c yqeTOM .upeBHHX
Tpa,UHUHH KYJibTYPbI pa3HbIX HapO,UOB H Ha OCHOBe COBpeMeHHbIX HayqHbIX CBe,UeHHH no aeyCTHKe, cneKTpoMeTpHH, KPHCTaJIJIOrpa<t>m1
JIHHfBHCTHKe. CBeToM nopo)K.llaIOTCH pHTMbI, u;Bern, apoMaTbI, 3BYKH, .UBHXeHHe. U:Bern, <t>opMbI, TaHeu;, MY3bIKa cymecTByroT B npocTpaHcTBe. B .upeBHHX an<t>aBHTax BbIIIIe 6YKBbI CTOHJIH ee 3BYK, q11cno,
u;BeT, HaqepTaHHe B npocTpaHCTBe - KaJIJIHrpa<t>HH.
E.u11Hoe xy.uoxecrneHHoe npocTpaHCTBO MO)KHO npe.ucrnBHTb B BH,Ue
nonyc<t>epbl, r.ue napaJIJieJIH - 3TO KOMnOHeHTbl (comaCHO cxeMe), a
MepH,UHaHbI - 3TO BH,llbl HCKYCCTBa, KOTOpbie pa3,UeJieHbl Ha 3KBaTOpe; HO CXO.UHTCH B e,UHHOH TOqKe - Ha nOJIIOCe. 3HaqHT, Kax,UOe
HCKYCCTBO - KOHeqHo, B Mepy cneu;H<t>HKH CBoero H3bIKa - npoxo.UHT O.UHH H Te xe 3TaxM, ycTpeMJIHHCb K CHHTe3y. Ilo3TOMY MY3bIKa
MOXeT 6bITb TeMnOBOH, PHTMJlqHoH, peqeBOH, u;BeTOBOH, KaJIJIHrpa<l>HqHOH.

CxeMa

IlOJIH<l>OHH':IECKAH HEPAPXIDI
5. PE30HAHCHhIM CJIOM
3.
2.

CBeT - U:BeT (pa.uyra, cneKTp)

PHTM (HHTOHau;HH, BH6pau;HH, 3BYK)
1. ApoMaT ( CTPYKTYPa)
4. BH3YAJihHO-CHMBOJIHqECKHM CJIOM
3. IlpocTpaHCTBO (apxHTeKzypa, KOMn03HUHH)
2. L(BeT (KOJIOpHT)
1. <l>opMa (CHJIY3T, KOHTYP, CHMBOJI)
3. CJIOBECH0-3HAKOBhIM CJIOM
6. 3HaK (pHCOBaHHbIH, nHCbMeHHbIH), KaJIJIHrpa<t>HH
5. Ilpo3a JiereH.uapHaH (ycTHaH Tpa,UHUHH)
4. )J(J1Boe CJIOBO (ycTHaH pe%)
3. Ilo33HH (3Byqamasi)
2. IloqepK (PYKOnlICHaH Kffttra)
1. Ilpo3a JIHTepazypHaH (neqaTHaH KHHra)
2. 3BYKO-LJ:BHfATEJihHhIM CJIOM (pean1>H1>1e qYBCTBa II .ueitCTBHH)
7. 3BYKOBOH CHfHaJI

324

6.

PeqeBbie 3ar0Bop1>1 (qacTYIIIKH, noroBopKH), MOJIHTBa

5. )J(J1Boe neHHe
4.
3.

3BYK HHCTpyMeHTa
PHCyttOK, <t>opMa, OKpacKa
2. TaHeu; (.UBH)KeHHe)
1. TeaTp (xecT, MHMHKa)
1. OEOEIIJ;EHHhIE KAPTHHhl (XH3Heno.uo6H1>1e <t>opMbI)

6.
"

I
li

KMHo, TB, BH,Ueo

5. My3bIKa TeXHH3HpoBaHHaH (KoMn1>10TepHaH)

4. MaccoBbie necHH, pa.u110, TpaHCJIHUHH
3. IleqaTHbie THpaxHbie <t>opMbI, KHHfH, TeKCTbI
2. E1>1T0Boe p11coBaH11e, xaHpOBbie KapTHHbI
1. 3peJIIIIu;a, MaCCOBbie npa3,UHHKlI (o,Ue)K.lla, KOCMeTIIKa,
KeT -

3TH-

MaHepbI)

IlpellJIO)KeHHYIO cxeMy He HyxHO KpHTHKOBaTb B noHHTHHX nceyc-

r CTBOBe,UeHttH: O.UHH HCKYCCTBa BHH3y, ,Upyrne HaBepxy. Bee HCKYCJ CTBa Ba)l(Hbl.

HeT HlI3KOfO, HO BCe 'HMeeT nocJie,UOBaTeJibHOCTb no-

~ po)K.lleHHH lI HaCbIIu;eHHH: HeJib3H CKa3aTb, qTO HCKYCCTBO - uenoe, a

.~ MY3bIKa - qacTb 11ceyccrna. My31>1Ka - 3TO 3ByqaH:tte u;enoro, a xn.. BOnHCb - u;BeTOBOH paCKJia,U (pa.uyra) u;enoro .
Ile.uaror:ttKa B3aHMO,UeHCTBHH HCKYCCTB n03BOJIHeT nepeCMOTpeTb
B03MOXHOCTH OTHOIIIeHHH ne.uarora H pe6eHKa. KoHTaKT c pe6eHKOM
H cnoco6 y3HaT1> MHeH:tte KJiacca o6ecneqnBaIOT TaK Ha31>rnaeMyro 06paTHYIO CBH3b - BaxHeHIIIlIH 3JieMeHT MeTO.UHKH. lliKOJibHHK MOXeT
Bbipa3HTb yq:ttTeJIIO TO, 'ITO OH noHHJI nHTblO cnoco6aMH (no B03pacTal0Iu;eH CJIO)KHOCTH): 1) .ueHCTBHHMH (.UBH)KeHHeM, MlIMHKOH, xecTaMlI, TaHu;eM, plICyttKOM); 2) 'IYBCTBOBaHHHMH (pa,UOCTblO, BOCTOpfOM, fOTOBHOCTblO yqaCTBOBaTb); 3) nOHHTHHMH (CJIOBaMH, 3HaKaMH
rpa<l>ttqecKHMH, TeKCTaM:tt}; 4) o6pa3aMH (B pttcyttKax, MY3bIKaJibHOH HJIH cu;eHH'leCKOH HMnpOBH3aIJ;HH, CTHXax); 5) CHMBOJiaMH (CHMBOJittqecKHM u;BeTOM, 3BYKOM, MOTHBOM, no30H, HaqepTaHHeM).
B ne.uarornKe BaxeH Bonpoc KpttTeptteB .ueTCKOH pa3BHTOCTH nptt3HaKOB, no KOTOpbIM 06 3TOM MO)J(HO cy.unTb.
KpnTepnn
nonnxy.uoxecTBeHHOfO pa3BHTHH, np:tteMJieMbie Ha 3aHHTHHX JII06bIM
HCKYCCTBOM: 1) 6bICTpOTa BKJIIO'leHHH B TBOp'leCKHH npou;ecc; 2) xenaHHe H yMeHHe pa6oTaTb B KOJIJieKTHBe; 3) BapttaTHBHOCTh H nonnxy.uo)KeCTBeHHOe MHOroo6pa3He o6pa30B H .ueH:cTBHH (MHO)J(eCTBO BapHaHTOB Ha H3bIKaX pa3HblX HCKYCCTB); 4) u;eJibHOCTb no3TH'leCKOf0 npoCTpaHCTBa pe6eHKa ( coxpaHHeTCH u;eJibHOCTb nepe)J(HBaHHH o6pa3a npH
nepexo.ue OT O,UHOfO HCKYCCTBa K .upyroMy); 5) cnoco6HOCTb npO.UYKTHBHO 3aBepIIIaTb pa6ozy (npHXO,UHTb K perneHHIO OT HepernnTeJibHOCTH); 6) CKOpOCTb OBJia,UeHlIH pa6o'IHMH HaBbIKaMH (npH rrepexo.ue K
pa3HbIM HCKYCCTBaM, MaJI03HaKOMbIM - 6bICTpOTa CXBaTbIBaHHH rJiaBHOro ); 7) B3aHMOCBH3b CMblCJIOBOfO H xy;D;O)J(eCTBeHHOfO npocTpaH-

<... >

cTBa (CMbICJI o6pa3a coe,UHHeH c HyxHbIMH cpe.ucTBaMH BbipaxeHHH);

325

8) cBo6o)Uloe pa3BepTbIBam1e H CBepTbIBaHHe pa6oqero npocTpaH- ,;

CTBa (pa3BepTbIBaHHe 3BYJ<a - B UBeT H ,llBIDKeHHe; CBepTbIBaHHe UBe:..
Ta, 3BYJ<a H TaHUa - ,n;o rpaqmKH JIHHHH); 9) 3cpcpeKT JIHqHoro yqac- .
THH (B pacKpbITHH o6pa3a, onHcaHHH co6bITHH, BHPTYaJibHoro o6pa-

HMEHHOH YKA3ATE.Jlb

3a); 10) yqeT pemOHaJibHbIX oco6eHHOCTeH K)'JibTYPbI; 11) n0Tpe6-1

HOCTb noBCe,llHeBHOfO o6meHHH c HCK)'CCTBOM; 12) Boo6pruKeHHe (llIBpoTa, rH6KoCTb, BapHaTHBHOCTb, B03BbIIIIeHHe K H,lleaJiaM, repoHKe, ,
MeqTe); 13) B3aHMOHaJIO)l{eHHe (cnoco6HOCTb COBMeIIIeHHR B03MO)K- ~
HOCTeH pa3HbIX HCK)'CCTB B O.D;HOH TBopqecKOH pa6oTe); 14) HeO)KH- f,
,llaHHOCTb H HH,llHBH,llyaJibHOCTb o6pa3a; 15) Ha 3aHHTHHX Bcex HCK)'CCTB
aKTHBHOCTb IJ;BeTa, BHHMaHHe K cpoHeTHKe (3ByqaHH10) CJIOBa H HHTOHaUHH, aKTHBHOCTb npocTpaHCTBeHHbIX npe,llCTaBJieHHM, qyBCTBO
o6meif noJIHcpOHHqecKOH xy,llO)KeCTBeHHOH cpe,llbl ( coqernromeif CBeT'
UBeT, 3BYJ<, npocTpaHCTBO, KOMn03HUHIO, apXHTeKTOHHKY); 16) ,llHHaMHqHOCTb H HHTOHaUHH peqH, CJIOBeCHaH Haxo.uqHBOCTb; 17) CBH3b
perHOHaJibHblX oco6eHHOCTeH HCK)'CCTBa c rno6aJibHbIMH, o6meqenoBeqecl{HMH npo6neMaMH K)'JibT)'pbI.
B oueHKe ne.uarora no Bb16paHHbIM KpHTepIDIM Ha.D;e)l(Hee onHpaTbcH
Ha npHMbie Ha6mo.n;eHHH H 3aMeTKH ne,n;arora B ecTeCTBeHHOM npouecce 3aHHTHM c .n;eTbMH, B o6meHHH c HHMH, Ha aHaJIH3 xy.n;o)KeCTBeHHbIX pa6oT ,n;eTeH, qeM Ha HMeIOIIIHeCH TeCTOBbie npo6bI no i
HCK)'CCTBy.
Mo)l{HO pa3JIHqaTb TPH ypoBHH pa6oTbI yqHTenett no B3aHMO.n;eifoTBHIO HCK)'CCTB: Me)Knpe.n;MeTHbie CBH3H, B3aHMHOe HJIJllOCTpHpoBaHHe, HHTerpaUHIO HCK)'CCTB. TiepBbii:t - Tpa.D;HUHOHHbIH, HaH6oJiee npocrntt, Kor.n;a Ha ypoK JIHTepaTypbI yqHTeJib npHHOCHT H3.D;eJIHH
Hapo.n;Horo peMecna, BbIIIIHBKH, MaTpeIIIKH, KapTHHbI xy.uo)l{HHKOB,
nnacTHHKH c MY3bIKo:H KJiaccHqecKott H Hapo.n;Hott. MnH Ha ypoKe pHcoBaHHH BKJ110qa10T MY3bIKY, a B KoHue ypoKa ;D;eTH Ha.n;eBaIOT pacKpaIIIeHHbie HMH KOKOIIIHHKH H nepe,UHHKH H ycTpaHBaIOT xopoBo.n;. 3To MOHOXY.llO)l{eCTBeHHOe npeno.uaBaHHe, HO c npHBJieqeHHeM .n;pyrHX
HCK)'CCTB. Tipo.n;BHHYTbIM MO)KHO cqHTaTb BTOpo:M ypoaeHb, Kor.n;a 06Cy)K.n;aeTCH CTHJIHCTHqecKoe e.n;HHCTBO H HCTOpHqecKOe COOTBeTCTBHe
npoH3Be.n;eHHH MY3bIKH HJIH JIHTepazypbI c o6meif KYJibT)'pott 3noxH
H aHaJIOfHHMH H3 .n;pyrHX BH,llOB HCK)'CCTBa: OHR B3aHMHO o6oramaroT
,n;pyr .n;pyra. TipocJie)l{HBaIOTCH TpaHcxy.n;o)KeCTBeHHbie MarHCTpaJIH npH d
C03.D;aHHH onepbl HJIH 3KpaHH3aUHH Ha CIO)KeT JIHTepazypHoro npOH3- t.~
Be.n;eHHH, cepHH KapTHH no H3BeCTHblM CKa3aHHHM H 6bIJIHHaM.
~
TpeTHH ypoBeHb - 3TO HHTerpauHH, o qeM peqb IIIJia B HacTOHIUeM
coo6IIIeHHH.

<... >

<... >

(B3aHMo.neil:cTBHe HCKYCCTB: MeTO.nonormI, TeOPHSI, ryMaHHTapttoe o6pa3oBaHHe: MaTepHaJibI

MeX<,D;yttapo.uttoii HayqHo-npaKTHqecKoii Kott<PepeHUHH 25- 29 aBrycTa 1997 r. / Ilo.n. pe.u.
JI. TI. Ka3attueBa; CocT. II. C. BoJIKOBa. - Ac'TpaxaHb, 1997. - C. 214-220.)

A6ynbXaHosa, A6ynbXaHOBa-CnasCKaSI Kcemrn AneKcaimpoBHa - 69

A;(opHO (Adorno) (Btt3eHrpyim A.)
Teo)lop (1903-1969) - 66, 227, 228
AneKcaimpos AneKcaH.!l.p BacHnbesnq

(1883-1946) -

56, 140

AneKceesa Jlapnca HnKonaesHa - 280

Annes IOnni\: Barnposnq - 3, 12,

53-54, 65, 148, 304, 321

AnSI6beB AneKCaH.o.p AneKcaimposnq

(1787-1851) -

83

AMOHalllBttnn Illansa AneKcaH)lposnq - 183-184, 194

AHHCHMOB IIasen Bacnnbesnq -

176-177

AHTponosa MeTa BacMbeBHa (1915-

1996) -

53

oa)KeHOBa Jlapnca Mnxai\:nosHa -

305

BaKnaHosa TaTbSIHa MsaHOBHa - 148

BanaKnpeB Mnmtil: AneKceesnq

(1836/37*-1910) -

(1910-1990) -

3, 145, 150, 262

ApncTOTenb (Aristote!es) CTarnpnT

(384/383-322/321 )lO H.3.) - 248, 308
ApMCTpoHr (Armstrong) Jlyn ,UaHHen (npo3Bttw;e C3qMo) (1900-1971)-

140
ApxnenncKon MoaHH (B MHPY KHSI3b
IllaxoscKoil: .[l;MnTpni\: AneKceesnq)

(1902-1989) -

283

ApxnMell (Archimed.es) (oK. 287-212

)lO H.3.) - 279
Apx1mosa MpnHa KoHcTaHTHHOBHa -

134, 160, 180

ApqIDKHHKosa JlIOllMHna fpnropbeBHa - 3, 162, 190, 262
AplllaBcKnil: BnTantti\: Bynb<Posnq -

53

Aca<PbeB Bopnc Bna.o.nMnposnq (nnT.

Mropb
fne6os)
nceBllOHHM

(1884-1949) - 35, 36, 40, 44, 70,

74, 76, 80, 93, 123, 128, 130, 194,
196-207, 263, 285, 286, 289, 313,
314, 317
207-208

71, 257

BanaHqnH (Balanchine) ,ll)Kop)l)K

(HaCT. HMSI H <J.iaM. reoprni\: MenHTOHOBHq
BanaHqttBa)l3e) (1904-1983) - 286,

293

Bap6ep (Barber) C3MI03n (1910-

1981) -

255

1985) -

11, 267

BapeH6oil:M Jles ApoHosnq (1906BapTOK (Bartyk) Bena (1881-

1945) - 252, 255

Bapb1mesa TaMapa AneKcaHllPOB-

AnpaKCHHa Onbra AneKcaH)lpOBHa

AcMonos AneKcaH.!l.P fpnropbesnq 11

AxMemes BaxblDKaH Ai\:T)KaHosnq -

192

Ha -

83
Bax (Bach) lforaHH Ce6acTbSIH

(1685-1750) - 30, 140, 141, 249,

262, 271, 274, 307, 308
BaxTHH

Mnxann

(1895-1975) -

Mnxai\:nosnq

47' 303, 323

Bei\:cn (Basie) YHnbSIM (npo3B. KaYHT, Count) (1904-1984) - 140

Beno6opOilOBa Bepa Ky3bMHHHqHa

(1914-1991) -

3, 146, 147

Bep)lSieB HnKonai\: AneKcaH)lposnq

(1874-1948) -

320

BepHap (Bernard) Knoll (1813-

1878) -

225

BepHc (Burns) Po6epT (1759-

1796) :- 257
BepHcTail:H (Bernstein) JleoHapll

(1918-1990) -

90

BepTanaH<l>n (Bertalanffy) JlIOllBHr

<J.ioH (1901-1972) - 215
BeTXoseH (Beethoven) JIIO)lBHr saH

(1770-1827) - 46, 72, 136, 140,

141, 251, 252, 253, 271, 274
BexTepeB Bna)lttMHP Mnxai\:nosw1

(1857 -1927) -

248

3)leCb n )lanee no TeKCTY yKa3aTenSI 3Be:mo~oil: o6o3HaqeHa )laTa, H3MeHSIIOmaSicSI B 3asncnMOCTH OT cnoco6a neToncqncneHmi.

327

fi113e (Bizet) )Kop}I( (AileKcaH,llp CeJap JieonoJib,n:, np11 KpemeHJn1 HaJBaH

)Kop}l(eM) (1838-1875) - 140, 141
E11p (Beer) CTa<P<Pop.n: ( 1926-

2002) - 230
Eoromo6cKall Map11aHHa CepreeBHa -

288
EoMep (Baudelaire) Illapnb (1821-

1867) -

278

Eopo,n:HH AneKcaH,llp IIop<P11pbeBM'I

fep6apr, Xep6apr (Herbart) 11oraHH

<l>pJl.ll:pHX (1776-1841) - 228
feplllBHH (Gershwin) ).J;}l(op,n:}I(

(1833-1887) -

83, 140, 256

EopTHllHCKHli ).J;M11rp11lt CrenaHOBH'I

(1751-1825) -

274
37,

212-231
EpaMc (Brahms) 11oraHHec (1833-

1897) -

252

307

EynraKOB Ceprnlt, nporo11epelt (EynraKOB Ceprelt HHKonaeBH'I) (1871-

1944) -

283

EyneJ (Boulez) Ilbep - 229

EyrHHK AHreJIHHa faBpMJIOBHa -

19-20
(Buhler)

Kapn

(1879-

1963)- 229
(1813 -1883) - 216
BapnaMOB AneKcaH.n:p EropoBM'I

(1801-1848) -

83

BeHrpyc JlJ06oBb AHar11n11eBHa - 60

Bep.n:11 (Verdi) )];~Jenne <I>opryHMHO <I>paH'leCKO (1813-1901) - 140, 141
Bernyr11Ha HaraJibll AneKceeBHa

(1904-1995) 122

3, 34, 35, 55, 85,

B11nneMc (Willems) 3.n:rap -

71,

BopoHoBa TarhllHa HHKonaeBHa

(1933-2002) -

181, 182

ByH,llr (Wundt) BHJibreJibM (1832-

227

BhlrorcKMH JleB CeMeHOBM'I (1896-

39, 104, 185, 223

BllJeMCKMH Ilerp AH.llpeeBH'I ( 1792-

1878) -

1852) -

235

(1891-1981) 233-238
fonb,n:eHBeltJep AneKcaH,n:p Eop11coBM'I (1875-1961) - 9, 33
foMep ('Oripo~ JIJIM 'Oepo~, nar.
Homerus) (BpeMll }l(Jl3HM onpe,n:eJIHercll
no-paJHOMY - Me}l(.ll:y XII 11 VII BB . .n:o
H.3.) - 212
fopoBJII.\ (Horowitz) Bna;i:HMHp CaMOHJIOBH'I (1904-1989) - 141
fopbKHH MaKCHM (nceB,n:.; Haer. HMll
11 <PaM. AneKcelt MaKCHMOBM'I IlelllKOB)

281

faBpMJIHH Banep11lt AileKcaH.n:poBH'I - 83

fa}l(JIM 11BaH <I>e.n:opOBM'I - 118,

119, 231-233

253

fopIOHOBa JlIO.ll:MHJia BacMJibeBHa

3, 64, 127

forc.n:11Hep ApoH (ApHOJib.ll:) JlbBOBH'I (1920-2003) - 228

fo<PMaH (Hoffmann) 3pHcr Teo.n:op
(BJIJibreJibM) AMa,uelt (1776-1822) - 272
fp11r (Grieg) 3.n:Bap.n: Xarepyn

(1843-1907) -

136, 140, 150, 238

fpo,n:JeHcKall Ha,n:e}l(,n:a JlbBOBHa

(1892-1974) -

3, 128

fypJIJieB AneKcaH,n:p JlbBOBM'I (1803-

1858) -

115

1934) -

foroJib H11Konait BacMJibeBM'I (1809-

(1943-1995) -

Barnep (Wagner) BJ1Jibrenbl.t P11xap.n:

1920) -

1857) - 83, 136, 140, 271

(1868-1936) -

EJOnep

140

fonh,n:eH6epr Ha,n:e}l(.ll:a MapKOBHa

EpmreH (Britten) EeH,ll}l(aMHH 3.n:Bap.n: (1913-1976) - 140, 141, 255

Epy6eK (Brubeck) ).1;3HB (co6crB. ).1;3BJl.ll: YoppeH) - 252
EyKcrexy,n:e (Buxtexude) ).1;11rp11x (oK.

1637-1707) -

(1898-1937) -

83

).J;anb Bna.n:11M11p 11BaHOBH'I (ncea.n:oHHM KaJaKJlyraHCKHH) (1801-1872)-

207-208
).J;aHre (Dante) AJI11rbep11 (1265-

1321) --'-249
).J;apBHH (Darwin) qapJIJ Po6epr

(1809-1882) -

15

).J;aproMbl}l(CKMH AneKcaH,n:p CepreeBM'I (1813-1869) - 83, 257

).J;e610cc11 (Debussy) Kno.n: AIIIHJib

(1862-1918) -

140

).J;}l(eHMc (James) YMJibllM (HJBecreH

B Pocc1111 raK}l(e KaK: ).J;}l(eMc BJIJihllM)

(1842-1910) -

(1895-1925) 93-94

)KyKoBCKMH Bac11n11lt AH.n:peeBM'I

227

(1783-1852) -279-281
3anopo}l(eu AneKcaH,n:p Bna.n:11M11poBM'I (1905-1981) - 78
3eMUOBCKJIH Yl3aJIMH 110CMcPOBM'I -

; 313-316
311M11Ha 0Jihra B11KTopoBHa - 55
11JibMH 11BaH AileKCaH,n:pOBM'I (1882-

,,

(1841-1911) 1967) - 89, 255

KoJihillleBa TaTbllHa AneKcaH,n:poB-

185-187

Ha -

KoM6apbe (Combarieu) )f(JQJib JieoH

)KaH (1859-1916) - 203
KoMeHCKMH (Komensk3, Comenius)
5IH AMoc (1592-1670) - 281
KocroMapoB B11ran11lt fp11r6pbeBM'I - 321
KolllMHHa l1p11Ha BacMJibeBHa - 148
KpaB'leHKO TaTbllHa H11KonaeBHa -

175, 211

} 1954) -277, 283

KpaeBCKMH Bono.n:ap B11KTopoBJ1'l -

11oaHH KpoH1IIra.n:rcK11it (CeprneB

11oaHH YIJihH'I) CB. npaB. (1829-1908),
' nporo11epelt -282
Ylo<P11c Eop11c PoMaHOBM'I - 79,

239-247
Ka6aneBcKMH ).J;M11rp11lt Eop11coBH'I

(1904-1987) - 3, 5, 8, 19, 24, 28,

58, 59, 64, 73, 74, 80, 89, 90, 91, 107,
115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128,
141, 145, 146, 148, 194, 195, 210, 211,
; 213, 232, 247-261, 262, 272, 306, 309,
321
KaraH Mo11celt CaMyJIJIOBM'I - 21,
22, 47
Ka3eHHH Bna.n:11cnaB HropeBM'I - 134
Kan11H11H H11Konalt H11KonaeBJl'I -134

6
KpacMJihHHKOB Ylroph M11xaltnoBH'I - 81-82
KpacMJihHMKOBa Map11Ha Cratt11cnaBOBHa -284
Kp11rcKall Enetta ).J;M11rp11eBHa -65
Kp11rcK11lt Eop11c ).J;M11rp11eBM'I - 317
KyJIMKOB Eop11c YIBaHOBM'I -272
Kypr (Kurth) 3pttcr (1886-1946)-

30, 271
JleHMH (YJibllHOB) Bna,u11M11p YlnhM'l

(1870-1924) (1903-1979) -

65,

66
JlMCT (Liszt) <I>epeHU (<I>paHU)

(1908-1989) -

(1906-1999) -

JI11xa'leB

140
).J;M11rp11lt

CepreeBM'I

303, 321

JloKIIIJIH ).J;aHMJIJI JlbBOBM'I (1907-

KapyJo (Caruso) 3HpHKO (1873-

1966) - 96

141

JlorMaH IOp11lt M11xaHJioBH'I (1922 -

KaracoHoB Bna,n:11M11p H11KonaeBM'I -

1999) -

284
KaryHllH Maprap11ra 11BaHOBHa - 12
KaYJQBa AJIJia fp11ropbeBHa - 261- 269
KBllTKOBCKHH EBreHMH B11KeHTbeBH'I - 303
Kenep (Kohler) Bonh<PraHr (1887-

1967) -

227

Jleottxap.n: (Leonhard) qapJibJ -

(1811-1886) -

141

253

JleoHTbeB AneKcelt H11KonaeBM'I

KaJIJiac (Callas Haer. <PaM. Kanolteponynyc) MapHll (1923-1977) - 141

KapallH (Karajan) fep6epr <PoH

1921) -

275

KoBaJieHKO HeJIJIH fpmopbeBHa - 13

Ko.n:alt (Kod6ly) 3oJibraH (1882-

257

)1(11BOB Bna.n:11M11p JieoHM.ll:OBM'I -

251, 272

fJIHHKa M11xaJ1JI 11BaHOBM'I (1804-

EpaltHMH Banep11lt Eop11coBH'I -

328

fapHep Xay3p - 56
fa'leB feoprnlt ).J;M11rp11eBM'I - 321
fereJib (Hegel) feopr BMJibreJibM
<I>p11,n:p11x (1770-1831) - 29, 30, 219
feH,n:enb (Handel) feopr <I>p11.n:p11x

(1685-1759) -

283

).J;yHaeBCKMH YlcaaK Oc11noBH'I

(l1oc11<PoBH'I) (1900-1955) - 140
).J;hrc JleOHJl.ll: YIBaHOBH'I - 40
EceHMH Ceprelt AJieKcaH.n:poBH'I

95

EoH<Penb,n: Mop11c lliJieMOBM'I ~ 217,

218

(1821-1881) -

140, 216, 271

fap6yJoB H11Konalt AneKcaH,n:pOBH'I

(1880-1955) -

KJI11nn Oner 5IKOBJieBM'I - 163

KJiJO'leBCKHH Bac11n11lt Oc11noBM'l

).J;ocroeBCKMH <I>e.n:op M11xatl:JIOBM'I

falt.n:H (Haydn) <I>paHIJ: f103e<P

(1732-1809) -

227

KeHHOH (Cannon) Yonrep Epe.n:<Pop.n: (1871-1945) - 225

K11ITJI11Hr (Ki piing) ).J;}l(oJe<P Pe,n:hllP.ll: (1865-1936) - 271
KMlllileHKO H11KoJialt 11BaHOBM'I -

216, 217, 220

Jlorue (Lotze) Py.n:onh<P fepMaH

(1817-1881) -

227

Ma3eJib JleB (Jleo) A6paMOBM'I

(1907-2000) - 41, 225, 229

MaltKOBCKall Jlap11ca CraHMCJiaBOBHa - 187-189
MaKapoBa JlJO,n:MJIJia H11KonaeBHa -

174
Manep (Mahler) fycraB (1860-

1911) -

141, 220, 221

KJI11MeHT (Clemens Alexandrinus)

AneKcaH,n:pHHCKHH Tm <I>naBHH (oKoJio

Map11ynoJibCKall TaTbllHa feHHa;i:HeBHa - 6, 20

MapKc (Marx) Kapn (nonttoe
HMll - Kiipn feHpHx) (1818-1883) -

150-215) -

253

303
270

329

1945) -

107, 108, 111, 216, 217, 227, 270283, 286- 288

(1839-1900) -

MenHK-IlarnaeB AJieKcaHJlP AJieKcaH)lpOBHq - 15, 16, 304, 305

MeH)leJibCOH, MeH)leJibCOH-EapTOJib)lH (Mendelssohn-Bartholdy) 51.Ko6
JlIO)lBHr Cl>eJJHKC (1809-1847) - 91
MeHYXHH (Menuhin)
11.eryJlH

(1916-1999) -

141

MHKeJJaH)l)[<eJio (Michelangelo) EyoHappoTH (1475-1564) - 249

MHJiblllTetl:H 5IKOB 11.caaKoBHq

(1911-1981) -

265

MHTporroJIHT BeHHaMHH (Cl>e)lqeHKOB

11.saH A<t>aHacbeBHq) ( 1880-1961) -

278

MHxatl:JioB EsreHHti HHKonaesHq -

114

Monbep (Molime) (rrceB)l.; HaCT. <t>aM.

IloKJJeH, Poquelin) )l(aH EarncT (1622-

1673) -213
MouapT (Mozart) Bonh<t>ram AMa)leit (11.oaHH XpHJOCTOM Bonh<t>raHr Teo<t>HJJh; JiaT. HM.II rpeq. rrpoHCXO)K.!(eHH.11
Theophilus H rroJ)lHee naT. Amadeus, HJJH
Amade) (1756-1791) - 55, 136, 140,

141, 253

Mo3M (Maugham) YHJJb.llM CoMepceT (1874-1965) - 83

MpaBHHCKHti EsreHHit AJieKcaH)lpoBHq (1903-1988) - 141
MycoprcKHti Mo)lecT IleTposHq

(1839-1881) ~ 83, 140, 141, 253, 257

Ha)lHposa Jletl:JIH JieoHap)lOBHa

(1964- 2003) -

183

HaJatl:KHHCKHit EsreHHit BnMHMHposHq - 146

Hetl:rayJ feHpHX fycwsosHq (1888-

1964) -

178, 264

HeMeHcKHit EopHc MHxatl:nosHq -

321

QsqHHHHKOBa Onbra BacHJJbeBHa -

227

.
0)loescKHit Bna)lHMHP Cl>e)loposHq

(1804-1869) - 68, 71, 89, 91

Q}l{eroB Cepreit 11.saHOBHq (1900-

1964) -

208, 214

1974) -

141

1955) -

252

Otl:cTpax ,IJ.aBHJl Cl>e)loposHq (19080Herrep (Honegger) ApTIOP (1892Opnosa EneHa MHxatl:nosHa (1908-

1985) - 40

Op<t> (Orff) Kapn (1895-1982)

102, 112, 140, 240, 241, 255

330

PHnrna faJIHHa CepreesHa - 148

PHJibKe (Rilke) Patl:Hep Ma pH.II

OcHIIOB HHKOJJatl: IleTposHq ( 1901-

Me)lyrnescKHti B.11qecnas B.11qecnasoBHq - 30, 35, 36, 38, 45, 59, 60,

141

IlasneHKOB ct>nopeHTHit Cl>e)lopoBHq

208

IlanecTpHHa, Jl:}l{OBaHHH IlbepJiyH)l}l{H )la IlanecTpHHa (Palestrina) ( oK.

IlacTepHaK EopHc JieoHH)lOBHq

(1890-1960) - 278
IleTP I BeJIHKHit HMII. BcepoccHitcKHtl:
(1672-1725) - 275
IleTPOBCKHti Apzyp BnMHMHpOBHq IleTpyIDHH BaneHTHH 11.saHOBHq -

26, llO, 131, 305

IlHa}l{e (Piaget) )l(aH (1896-1980)-

223, 224 .
IlHJIHq.11ycKac Anb6epTac AJieKcaH)lposHq - 61, 92, 117, 304
Ilmparop (Pythagoras) CaMOCCKHit
(OK. 580 - OK. 500 )lO H. 3.) - 253
IInatoH A<t>HHCKHti (nA.cxtrov I naT.
Plato) (HaCT. HM.II ApHCTOKJJ) (428/427348/327 )lO H. 3.) - 212
IlJiornua 3JJHHa 11.caaKOBHa - 89
IloHoMapes AJieKcaHJlP CepreesHq -

153

Ilorros BHKTOP CepreesHq -

19, 235, 251

Il.11THHUKHit MHTpo<t>aH EqmMOBHq

141

PaseJib (Ravel) MopHC )l(oJe<t>

140

Pa}l{HHKOB BnMHMHP fpHropbeBHq -

33, 265, 294-303, 305

PaJyMHbitl: AJieKcaH)lp BJJMHMHpoBHq - 303
ParrauKa.11 JlIOJlMHJia AJieKcaH)lpOBHa - 3, 12, 13, 303-307
PaxMaHHHOB Cepretl: BacHJibeBHq

(1873-1943) - 83, 140, 257, 274, 308

PaqHHa EeJIJJa ConoMOHOBHa - 49,
50, 52, 53, 153, 2ll
PepHX HHKonait KoHCTaHTHHOBHq

(1874-1947) -

320, 323

140

CypHKOB BacHJ1Hit 11.saHOBHq (1848-

CyxoMJIHHCKHti BacHJJHti AJieKcaH)lpoBHq (1918-1970) - 29, 76, 83

TaHeeB Cepreit 11.saHoBHq (1856-

249, 253

Cycnosa HeJIJJH B.11qecnasosHa - 39,

40

PoccHHH (Rossini) ,n}l{oaKKHHO AHTOHHO (1792-1868) - 140

PoTeH6epr BMHM CeMeHOBHq - 53
PoyJ Cepa<t>HM, oTeu (1934-1982)
(EsreHHit .D:eHHCOBHq) - 276
Py6i1HIDTetl:H Cepretl: JieoHH)lOBHq

(1889-1960) -

1915) - 274

229, 295

CaMOJI)lHHa Knapa AHJlpeesHa - 292

CapTp (Sartre) )l(aH IloJib (1905-

1980) -

232

CseIDHHKOB AJieKcaH)lp BacHJJbeBHq

(1890-1980) -

141, 275

CsHpHJlOB feopmtl: (lOpHit) BacHJJbesHq (1915-1998) :__ 83, 140, 257, 276
Cs.11THTeJib 11.rnaTHti (Ep.11HqaHHHOB
,lJ.HMHTpHit AJieKCaH)lpOBHq) eIIHCKOil

(1807-1867) -

271

Cs.11THTeJib 11.oaHH 3naTOycT; apxHerr.

KoHcTaHTHHOIIOJibCKHti (oK. 347-407) -

274, 279

ii

TapaKaHosa HataJJH.11 3JlYaPJlOBHa - 43

Tapacos fappH CTerraHOBHq - 38,

51, 69

Teit.11p )le Illap)leH (Teilhard de

Chardin) Ilbep (1881-1855) - 274
Tenbqaposa PHMMa ;\pKa)lbeBHa -16,

304

TeIIJioB EopHc MHxaitnosHq (1896-

1965) -

3, 13, 104

ToncTOit Jles HHKonaesHq (1828-

1910) - 23, 214, 248, 253

Toporrosa Anna BnMHMHPOBHa - 40

T10TIOHHHKOBa Tatb.11Ha 3)lyap)lOB-

Ha -

72

Ycaqesa BanepH.11 OnerosHa -

131

1833) - 285

1982) -

13,

65, 148

CKaTKHH MHxaHJI HHKonaeBHq

(1900-1991) -

125

CKp.116HH AJieKcaHJlP HHKOJiaesHq

CnacTeHHH BHTaJIHit AJieKcaH)lpo-

(1848-1909) - 71
CHHJlepc )l(op:lK - 25
CoKOJIOB AJieKcaHJlP CepreesHq -

81, 134

CoKpaT (Sokrates) ( 470- 399 )lO

H.3.) -281
Cocc10p (Saussure) ct>ep)lHHaH)l
MoH:iKHH )le (1857 -1913) - 229
CTaHHcnascKHtl: (Hact. <t>aMHJJH.11 AJieKceeB) KoHcTaHTHH CepreesHq (1863-

1938) -

166, 168

Crnpo6HHCKHti CeMeH Jietl:JepOBHq -

13, 191

65,

YTeCOB JieoHHJl OcHIIOBHq (1895-

140

YxToMCKHti AJieKcetl: AJieKceesHq

(1875-1942) -

101

ct>aneTposa Onbra MHxaitnosHa -

131, 179

Cl>e)lOpOB AJieKCaH)lP JlbBOBHq - 153

Cl>HU)l:iKepaJIJl (Fitzgerald) 3nna

(1871/72*-1915) - 83

BHq - 208
CMoJieHcKHti CTerraH BacHJibeBHq

34, 35, 42, 55, 181

TepeHTbeBa HataJIH.11 AJieKceesHa -

Cepa<t>HM CaposcKHit (MornHHH

Ilpoxop CHJlOpOBHq) rrprr: (17 59Cepreesa faJIHHa IleTposHa -

I<

IlylllKHH AneKcaH)lp CepreesHq

(1875-1937) -

CTYJIOBa faJIHHa IlasnosHa - 97, 99,

101

1944) -

IlpoKo<t>beB Cepretl: CepreesHq

(1864-1927) -

CTpaBHHCKHti 11.ropb Cl>e)lopoBHq

1916) - 249

IloIIOBHq 11.ycTHH ( 1894-1979)

(Enaroc CrrHpHJlOHOBHq) - 283
Ilope (Porcher) JlyH - 119
Ilperro)lo6Hblit 11.caaK CHpHH (VIII
seK) - 283
Ilperro)lo6Hbitl: MaKapHit BeJIHKHit,
EmrreTcKHti cs. rrpecBHTep (oK. 293-

(1891-1953) - 136, 140, 252, 255, 257

38,

PoitTeprnTetl:H MHXa3Jib 11.ocH<t>oBHq - 30, 31, 88, 133, 134,.307-311

PonnaH (Rolland) PoMeH (1866-

134,

391) - 284

CTO.llHOBa faJIHHa 11.saHoBHa -

(1882-1971) - 83, 91, 140

235, 237, 256, 257

(1915-1997) -

36,

39, 55

PHMCKHti-KopcaKOB HHKOJiait AHilpeeBHq (1844-1908) - 83, 140, 175,

153

(1799-1837) -

276

PHxTep Cs.11TocnaB Teo<t>HJIOBHq

1525-1594) - 225

78

(1875-1926) -

CTapqeyc MapHHa CepreesHa -

37

(1918-1996) -

140

Cl>nopeHCKHti IlaBeJI AJieKCaH)lpOBHq

CB.ll!UeHHHK (1882-1937) - 283
Cl>oKJJH MHxaHJI MHxatl:JJOBHq

(1880-1942) - 288

Cl>OHa)lb (Fynagy) 11.BaH - 220, 221

Cl>oHBH3HH ,UeHHC 11.BaHOBHq ( 17 44
HJIH 1745-1792) - 277
Cl>petl:)l (Freud) 3HrMYH)l ( 1856-

1939) -

226

XaJpaT J1Hati.11T XaH (1882-1927)-

68

XayJ (House) Po6epT - 65, 66

XaqaTyp.11H ApaM 11.JihHq (1903-

!'918) -

140, 141, 257

331

Xirn.a;eMHT .(Hindemith)

(1895-1963) -

IlayJih

255

XHHTU (Hintz) AcMyc - 223

Xonor10sa BaneHTHHa HHKOJiaestta -

238, 272
IIlocraKOBHq ,ll;MHTpHil: ,ll;MHTpHeBHq

XpHIIKOBa AHroHHHa fpHropbeBHa -

(1906-1975) - 18, 83, 140, 141,

253, 255, 257' 308

UeJIKOBHHKOB EopHc MHxafulosHq -

(1797-1828) -

17-21

IIly6epr (Schubert) <l>pattu Ilerep

53
178
I..l;bIIIHH feHHa.a;llil: MoHceesHq - 3-

4, 6, 41, 42, 49, 55, 160

qail:KOBCKHil: Ilerp Y!Jibl{q (18401893) - 83, 136, 140, 141, 149, 183,
235, 251, 253, 257, 282
qepe.a;HHqeHKO TaTbHHa BacHJibeBHa -

OfJIARJIEHHE

IIlorreH (Chopin, Szopen) <l>pH.a;epllK

<l>paHUHIIIeK (1810-1849) - 72, 140,

1672) -

(1791-1857) -

262

IIlanHIIHH <l>e.a;op HBaHOBHq (1873-

II.J;e.a;pHH Po.a;HoH KottcraHTHHOBHq -

46, 136, 140

60, 89, 163, 312- 320

IIleKcrrHp (Shakespeare) YHJibHM

(1564-1616) -

141, 253

IIlett6epr (Schunberg) ApHOJihA

(1874-1951) -

(1879-1955) -

140, 256

IIleHHOH (Shannon) Kno.a; 3JIBYA

(1916-2001) -220-221
IIIKOJIHP JlIO.a;MHJia BaneHTHHOBHa -

3, 13, 60, 65, 66, 71, 85, 86, 105106, 148, 156, 157 .
IIIMarntta TaThHHa Cepreestta - 65
IIIHHTKe Anhcl>pe.a; fappHeBHq (19341998) - 83, 140, 141

253

1. TeopHSI npeno,nasaHHSI MY3LIKH KaK Y'fe6HLiii npe,D;MeT .................. 5

1.1. CyIUHOCTb Teopnw MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH ............................ 5
1.2. TeopHH MY3bIKaJibHOro o6pa3oBaHHH B KOHTeKcTe

fJiaBa

npo<t>eccHOHaJibHOHMeTO)J;OJIOfO-MeTO)J;HqecKOH
no,uroTOBKH yqHTeJIH MY3bIKH ........................................................

3JIJIHHITOH (Ellington) 3.a;yap.a; KeHHe.a;H (rrpo3smue ,l1;10K, Duke) (1899-

1974) -

140

IIlaMHHa 1110.a;MHJia BacHJibeBHa -

140

(1803-1882) -

30

3ttecKy (Enescu) ,ll;xmproi<:e (1881-

231

3III6H (Ashby) YHJibHM Pocc (1903-

1972) -

225

2. My3bIKaJibHOe HCKYCCTBO B o6pa3oBaTeJibHOM npouecce

2.1. <l>yHKU:HH MY3bIKaJibHOfO HCKYCCTBa H HX peaJIH3aU:HH

fJiasa

2.2.

IOttr (Jung) KapJI fycras (1875IOcoB EopHc IlerposHq (1934-

87, 320-326

51sopcKHil: Eonecnas JleorroJihAOBHq

(1877-1942) -

233-238

51ttaqeK (JanMek) JleoIII (Jleo 3yreH)

(1854-1928) -

252

..............

15

B MY3bIKaJibHOM o6pa3oBaHHH ...................................................... 17

My3bIKaJibHOe HCKyCCTBO B COBpeMeHHOM COU:HOKYJibTypHOM
o6pa3oBaTeJibHOM npou:ecce .......................................................... 22

Bonpocbl u 3aiJaHuR ........................................................................ 29

PeKoMeHiJyeMaa 11umepamypa ......................................................... 31

1961) - 47
2003) -

Bonpocbl u 3aaaHUJ1 ............................................................,........... 11

PeKOMeHiJyeMaa 11umepamyp<f ......................................................... 14

3MepcoH (Emerson) Panel> Yon.a;o

1955) -

Ilpe,UHCJIOBHe .................................

30

3il:HIIITeil:H (Einstein) Anb6epr

15
qepHH (Czerny) Kapn (Kapen)

1938) -

140, 238

IIlyMaH (Schumann) Po6epT AneKcatt.a;ep (1810-1856) - 72, 140, 141

II110u, II110ru (Schutz) fettpHx (naTHHH3Hp. Henricus Sagittarius) (1585-

fJiaBa

3.

3.1.

.3.2.

JIH'IHOCTb pe6eHKa KaK 3naueHTp MY3b1KaJibHO-o6pa30BaTeJibHOii

CHCTeMbl ......................................................................................... 33
KaqecTBa JIHqHoCTH yqaiuwxcH, HMe10iuwe npwopHTeTHoe
3HaqeHHe B npou:ecce MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH .......... 33
OpweHTau;HH yqHTeJIH MY3bIKH Ha B03pacTHbie oco6eHHOCTH
yqaIUHXCH ..................................................................................... :. 48

Bonpocbl u 3aiJaHu11 ........................................................................ 55

Pe1CoMeHiJyeMa11 11umepamypa ......................................................... 56
fJiaBa

4.

4.1.
4.2.

Il;eJib, 3a,nll'IH H npHHUHDbl Mf3blKaJlbHOro o6pa30B8HHSI .............. 58

.QeJib H 3ap;aqn MY3bIKaJibHoro o6pa3oBaHHH ............ 58
IlpHHU:HilbI MY3bIKaJibHOro o6pa30BaHHH ........................ 62

Bonpocbl u 3aaaHu11 ........................................................................ 66

PeKoMeHiJyeMaa 11umepamypa ......................................................... 67
fJiaBa

5.

5.1.
5.2.

5.3.
5.4.

Ocuosuwe 3JieMeHTbl co,ll.ep:iKaHHSI MY3b1KaJibHOro

o6pa30B8HHSI .................................................................................. 68
OnbIT 3MOU:HOHaJibHo-u;eHHOCTHoro OTHOilleHHH yqaiuwxcH K
MY3bIKaJibHOMY HCKYCCTBY .................................. 68
My3bIKaJibHbie 3HaHHH .................... : ............ 71
My3bIKaJibHbie yMeHHH H HaBbIKH ......................... 76
OnbIT MY3bIKaJibHO-TBopqecKoli yqe6HOH ,ueHTeJibHOCTH ... 80

Bonpocbl u 3aiJaHu11 .............................. ::: ....................................... 82

Pe1CoMeHiJyeMa11 11umepamypa ......................................................... 84

333

6. E. P. HoqJUc.
fJiaea 6. B~ MY3LIKaJI&uoii ,!l.eJ1TeJI&HOCTH ................................................ 85

6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
6.5.
6.6.

7.2.

Bonpocbl u 3aaaHuR ................................................... ~ .................. 117

PeKoMeHayeMaR 11umepamypa ....................................................... 120

11. B. r. PaJICHUK08. TpH rrpHHI.J,HIIa HOBOH rre;:i:arorHKH

122
125
Bonpocbl u 3aaaHUR ...................................................................... 131
PeKoMeHayeMaR 11umepamypa ....................................................... 132

fJiaea 8. <l>opMw MY3LIKaJI&uoro 06pa3oeauu ........................................... 133

8.1.
8.2.
8.3.

YpoK MYJhIKH KaK ocHOBHaH ct>opMa o6mero MY3hIKaJihHoro

o6pa3osaHHH ................................................................................
BtteKJiaccHaH H BHelllKOJihHaH
MYJhIKaJihHaH pa6orn c yqamnMHCH ...........................................
My3hIKaJihHoe caMoo6pa3osaHHe yqamnxcH .......................... :

133

152
155
Bonpocbl u 3aaaHUR ...................................................................... 156
PeKoMeHayeMaR 11umepamypa ....................................................... 158

fJiaea 9. My3WKaJI&uo-neJJ:aroru11ecKaJ1 JJ:eJITeJI&HOCTb

Y'fHTeJIJI MY3WKH .......................................................................... 160

9.1.
9.2.

0 MY3hIKaJihH0-3CTeTHqecKOM H ttpascrneHHOM
BOCIIHTaHHH ;:i:eTeH (no MaTepHaJiaM pa3HhIX JieT) ......................... 247

10. E. B. HuK011aeea.

Crreu,mpnKa rrpHMeHeHHH o6me.!l.m:i:aKTHqecKHX MeTO.!l.OB

Ha MY3hIKaJihHhIX JaHHTHHX .........................................................
Crreu,HaJihHhie MeTO.!l.hI MYJhIKaJihHoro o6paJosaHHH .......

KoHCTPYKTHBHaH rrpoct>eccHoHaJihHM ,!l,eHTeJihHOCTh .................

MyJhIKaJihHO-HcrroJIHHTeJihCKaH ,!l,eHTeJihHOCTh ..........................
9.3. KoMMYHHKaTH13Ho-opraHH3aTopcKaH rrpoct>eccHoHaJihHM

,!l,eHTeJibHOCTh ...............................................................................
9.4 . .HccJie,!l,OBaTeJihCKaH ,!l,eHTeJibHOCTh ..............................................
9.5. MH.!l.HBH.D:YaJihHhIH CTHJih ,!l,eHTeJihHOCTH .. : ...................................

160
162

168
171
174
Bonpocbl u 3aaaHUR ...................................................................... 176
PeKOMeHayeMaR 11umepamypa ....................................................... 177

fJiaea 10. Jlu11uocT& Y'fHTeJIJI MY3WKH Hero npuopuTeTuwe

npocj>eCCHOHaJibHble Ka'leCTBa ................................. ;.................. 178

10.1. YqnTeJih MYJhIKH H ero crnTyc B o6mecrne .............................. 178

10.2. IlpHOPHTeTHbie rrpoct>eccHOHaJlhHbie KaqecTBa yqHTeJIH
MY3hIKH ...................................................................................... 180
Bonpocbl u 3aaaHUR .................................................................... 193
PeKoMeHayeMaR 11umepamypa ..................................................... 195
fipHJIOlKeHHJI ............................................................................................... 196
1. E. B. AcarjJbee. My3hIKa B cospeMeHHOH 06meo6pa3osaTeJihHOii:
lllKOJie ............................................................................................. 196
2. 3. E.A6aylllluH. 0 TOJiepaHTHOCTH yqHTeJIH MY3hIKH ........................ 207
3. B. E. EpaiiHUH. TeHH Ha cTeHe, HJIH 3aMeTKH o B03MO)l(HOM
IIO,!l,XO,!l,e K pa3BHTHIO MY3hIKaJlhHOf0 MhilllJieHHH y ,!l,eTeH ......... 212
4. H. <!>. I'a:>ICUM. Eme pa3 o u,eJIH MY3hIKaJihHoro o6paJosaHHH ..... 231
5. H. M. I'o11baeH6epz. 51sopcKHii H MYJhIKaJihHoe socrrHTaHHe ,!l,eTeii .... 233

239

7. )1,. E. Ka6a.fleecKuii.

06maH xapaKTepHCTHKa sm:i:os MYJhIKaJihHOH ,!l,eHTeJihHOCTH 85

Co6crneHHO MYJhIKa.IIhHaH ,!l,eHTeJihHOCTh ..................................... 88
MyJhIKaJihHO-TeopeTH'IecKaH ,!l,eHTeJihHOCTh ......... 106
MyJhIKaJihHO-HCTopnqecKaH ,!l,eHTeJihHOCTh ... 109
MyJhIKaJihHO opneHTHposaHHaH rroJIHXY.!J.O)l(ecrneHHaH
,!l,eHTeJibHOCTh ...... 111
MyJhIKaJihHO orrocpe,!l,oBaHHM ,!l,emeJibHOCTh .............................. 115

fJiaea 7. MeTO,!l,bl MY3LIKaJI&uoro 06puoeauuJ1 ......................................... 122

7.1.

My3hIJS:aJihHO-KOMII03HI.J,HOHHOe TBopqecrno:
cymHOCTh, pa3HOBH,!l,HOCTH, rre;:i:arornqecKoe pyKOBO)J;CTBO .........

8. A. r. Kay3oea . .HcrroJIHHTeJihCKaH ,!l,eHTeJihHOCTh yqHTeJIH

MY3hIKH ............................................................................................ 261

9. B. B. MeayweecKuii . .[l.yxosHo-Hpascrnem~oe socrrHTaHHe

cpe,!l,CTBaMH MY3hIKaJihHOf0 HCKYCCTBa .......................................... 270

MyJhIKaJihHO-IIJiaCTHqecKM ;:i:eHTeJihHOCTh
;:i:eTeH Ha MY3hIKaJihHhIX JaHHTHHX ................................................. 285
B MYJhIKaJihHOM o6yqeHHH ............................................................. 294

12. JI.A. Panau,KaR.

B3aHMo;:i:eiicTBHe HCKYCCTB H rrpaKTHKa

xy;:i:o)l(eCTBeHHOfO BOCIIHTaHHH ...................................................... 303
13. M. H. PoumepwmeiiH. C ;:i:osepHeM K MYJhIKe ................................... 307

14. JI. B. JilaMuHa.

3Tttorpacl>HqecKaH rrapa,!l,HrMa lllKOJihHOro

MY3hIKaJihHOro 06pa3osaHHH: OT 3THOrpacl>HH cJiyxa
K MY3hIKe MHpa ..............................................................................

312

15. E. II. /Ocoe.

CTpaTerHH s3aHMO;:i:eiicTBHH HCKYCCTB

B BOCIIHTaHHH lllKOJihHHKOB (HoBaH rrapa,!l,HfMa) .......................... 320

HMenuoii YKa3aTeJI& .................................................................................... 327

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KoMIIbIOTepHaSI sepcTKa: H.B. Ilpomacoea
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