Textile Mills

 They are classified into following types

 Cotton mills
 Woolen mills
 Dying and finishing plants
 Knitting mills
 Rayon and synthetic fiber mills
 Motors Used In Textile
Industries
Normally totally closed fan cooled motors are used in
textile mills. Drip proof motors are used in wet locations.
 Loom Motors
Loom motors are used for picking up of cotton in short
time and are designed to have a high torque. These
motors should have a starting torque of 230% of rated
torque and pull out torque of 270% of the rated value.
Recommended number of poles for such motors are 6 to 8.
for light fabrics such as cotton, rayon or silk kw
requirement of loom may vary from 0.37 to 1.50 and for
heavy fabrics from 2.2 to 3.7.
 Motors Used In Textile
Industries
Card motors
They are similar to loom motors but possess
still higher torque i.e. starting torque of order of
350% and 275% 0f running torque and a pull out
torque of 375% and 300% of running torque for 8-
pole and 6-pole motors respectively. The card
drum is a heavy mass and possess a high moment
of inertia. The motor therefore undergoes a
prolonged starting time and a starting currant of
2.5 times the rated current for nearly 2 minutes.
 Motors Used In Textile
Industries
Spinning Motors
These motors are required to make threads i.e.
Final drawing, twisting and winding of cotton.
They must possess smooth acceleration to avoid
breakage of threads. They are recommended to
have a starting torque of 150-200% of running
torque and pull out torque of 200-275% of running
torque. Usually smooth acceleration is required
because faster acceleration may cause more
breakage and small acceleration may cause knots
in yarn as a result of insufficient tension.
 Paper Mills
In paper mills, pulp making and paper making are
the two main processes that take place. The drive
required for larger grinders involved in making pulp
is provided by large motors 3000-4000 kw in size.
 Paper formation involves formation of sheets,
removal of water from them and pressing followed
by reeling. Both A.C. and D.C. drives are used for
paper making machines. In D.C. drives speed of
paper machine is controlled by changing the
armature the armature voltage of separately excited
D.C. motor.
Reel Drum Diagram
 Sugar Mills
 Sugar mills are driven by variable speed
induction motors. Eddy current drives are
generally used. When the juice is extracted
remaining matter is known as bygasse. Variable
speed motors are used to drive conveyors. The
juice is then evaporated through boiling stages to
get sugar crystals.

 Bygasse is used to produce steam in the boilers.

The generation of electricity using bygasse bring
down the cost of production of sugar.
Speed Control In Sugar Mills
For separating crystals from syrup centrifugal
pumps are used. These centrifuges are run by
variable speed induction motor having two
distinctly set of stator windings.
 The motor is connected for regenerative braking
to return energy to supply. This is done by
connecting the motors from high pole to low pole
operation.
 The motors used have an insulation which can
withstand the humidity of surroundings.
 Cement Mills
Port land cement is a mixture of oxides of
calcium 60-66%, silicon 20-24%, aluminum 4-6%,
and iron 2-3% in various composition. Raw
materials used are lime stone, marble, chalk e.t.c.
During manufacture, grinding and proptioning the
raw materials which are sent to rotary kilns and
brought out white heat. The resulting clinker and
retarder like gypsum are pulversied together to
form finished port land cement.
Two methods are used for preparation of cement
i.e. Dry and Wet process.
Motors Used In Cement Mills
 Squirrel cage motors are used because of their
low cost and ruggedness and where constant
speed is required. Slip ring motors are used where
high starting torque is required and low starting
current is in use for crushers and hammer mills.
 Adjustable speed D.C. motors are used for
greater speed range and close speed control in
kilns. All these motors are dust proof and place
where moisture from precipitation Is present
totally enclosed motors are used.
Motors For Mining Industry
Pumps
Centrifugal pumps are used for removing water
from any depth ground level. Pumps used are
driven by squirrel cage motor which possess low
starting torque.
 Ventilating Fans
They are used for proper working in mines and are
made of synchronous or induction motor.
 Drilling Motors
These are generally induction motors with flame
proof enclosures. Sometimes high frequency (150
to 200 Hz) motors are used to drive drills. These
drills have reduced size and high power.
Motors For Mining Industry
Coal Cutting
Coal cutting is done by coal cutters fitted with
squirrel cage rotor provided with flame proof
enclosures. In case of D.C. supplies compound
motors with interpoles are employed. Coal cutting
in a big block of coal facilitate introduction of
explosives to break up big blocks of coal.
 Conveyors
Conveyors are driven by squirrel cage motors
which are totally closed with flame proof
materials.
 Drives
An electric drive can be defined as electromechanical device for
converting electrical energy into mechanical energy to impart
motion to different machines and mechanism for various kind of
process control.
Electric drives have numerous applications in diverse areas of
industries, transport and agriculture.
Some of the applications are
Driving fans, pumps and ventilators
Lifting goods by hoists and cranes
Importing motion to conveyors in factories and mines
Running electric locomotives, trains, cars and lifts
 Eddy Current Drives
This consists of a drum connected directly to an
asynchronous motor running at constant speed and a
rotor with a coil feeded with direct current. The
movement is transmitted to the output shaft by
electromagnetic coupling. The slip of the unit can be
adjusted by adjusting coil excitation. A direct current
in a field coil produces a magnetic field that
determines the torque
transmitted from the
input rotor to the output
rotor.
Selection of drives
 Drives depending on
motors
Individual motor drive
In this drive each machine is driven by a
separate motor. This also imparts motion to
various part of the machine. Examples of such
machines are single spindle drilling machines.
 Multi motor electric drives
In this drive system there are several drives,
each of which serves to actuate one of the
working part of the machine. The drives of cranes
can be considered an example of this type. This
type of multi drive system incorporates three
drives, one for forward movement, second for side
movement and third for vertical movement of
loads.
 Types of drives
Main Drives
They are used for main work for removal of metal
cutting, shearing or forming. For example, for example
spindle drive on a lathe machine or motor driving the
cutter on milling machine are two such drives.
Feed Drives
They are used to place the cutting tool into work or
work into cutting tool.
Transverse drive
This is used to place cutting tool quickly into work.
Lathe machine
 Drive For Numerical Control Of Machine Tool
Numerical Control Is Used to keep a part of under
continuous specific and varying control, producing a
family of cuttings. Numerical control enables a cutter
through a programmed path in work to give specific
shape of accurate dimension.
 Programmed Control
Programmed control get command from a digital
computer and information is fed to computers
through punch cards or magnetic tape. Accurate
positioning and position measurements are carried
through transducers which provide position signals
in the form of digital current pulses and are
compared with information fed through punch
cards. If there is any difference then feedback
signals corrects position and adjusts drive.
 Motors Used For Drives
Squirrel cage motor is used in most machine tool
applications. High slip cage motors are used in
machines requiring reversals.
 D.C. motors are used where D.C. supplies are
available. These are also used for numerical
control and are controlled by Thyristors.
 Stepper motors are also being used where high
degree of control is required.