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The Tudor
In the reign of Henry VIII, people did not like the church due to the paying of indulgences and
the cardinals living in luxury.
A German monk, Martin Luther, wrote out 95 oppositions against the actions and nailed them
on the church doors
Luther just wanted the church to reform others made up Protestant churches
Henry VIII was loyal to the church until he became over determined to have a male heir. He had
wanted his marriage due to having a daughter (Mary). The pope refused to annul his marriage
therefore.
In 1534, he declared himself the head of the Church of England.
Divorced Catherine of Argon.
Married her court attendant, Anne Boleyn and eventually was married to 6 women (not all at
once) and produced one son, Edward VI who succeeded at 9 but died at 15.
During his reign a group formed the puritans.
After Edward it was Mary, Catherine of Aragns daughter, to take the throne.
Mary brought back Catholicism to avenge her mother and killed all the Protestants.
She was nicknamed Bloody Mary
She died 1558 and her half sis, Elizabeth took the throne.
Encouraged oversea adventures such as Sir Francis Drakes adventure around the world & Sir
Raleighs attempt to settle a colony in Virginia
She favored the in balanced of Catholicism and Puritanism.
However the Catholics believed her cousin was the rightful heir to throne, and after years of this
belief, Elizabeth had her cousin, Mary Stuart, beheaded in 1587
In response, Spain (Catholic) sent an armada to England.
The small English ships defeated the Spanish with the help of a violent storm.
This made Elizabeth the undisputed leader of a great military.
The Renaissance
Began in 1485 when Henry VII had the throne but fully came about when Elizabeth I came to
reign.
Before the Renaissance, people thought more of the afterlife and the work to come, now people
were more curious about the earth they lived on.
A new emphasis was placed on the individual and on the development of human potential.
Bold and dashing knight or a scholarly monk were no longer popular but a well-rounded
person who cultivated his talents to the fullest was