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OBJECTIVES

State 8 stages of GSM speech process


Understand Channel coding, Interleaving,
Encryption and Modulation theory

GSM VOICE PROCESS


8 STAGES OF CALL TRANSMISSION

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Analog to Digital Conversion


Segmentation
Speech Encoding
Channel Encoding
Channel Interleaving
Ciphering
Burst formatting
Modulation and Transmission

CHANNEL ENCODING

Chanel encoding in GSM uses the 260 bits from


speech coding as an input and outputs 456
encoded bits.
- Special redundancy technologies adopted to
increase the bulk of transmitted information which
can be inserted at a certain pattern (encoding) at
the sending end and extracted at an agreed
pattern (decoding) at the receiving end in order to
enhance the anti-interference capacity and
transmission
- Commonly used channel coding methods are: 1)
convolutional coding; 2) Fire coding; 3) parity
check coding.

CHANNEL ENCODING
CONVOLUTIONL CODING
260 bits /
20ms
132 bit
(Ib)

50 bit (Ia)

50

132

78 bit (Ic)

78

Protection
bits
Fire
Code
53 bit

78 bit

136 bit
189
bit

CONVOLUTIONAL
CODER (1:2)
456
bit

378
bit

CHANNEL INTERLEAVING

Interleaving technique is adopted, by which the


continuous bits in an information block are
segmented and transmitted individually according to
certain rules.

The original continuous block in the transmission


process becomes discontinuous, forming a group of
interwoven message transmitting blocks, which are to
be recovered (de-interleaving) into the original
information blocks at the receiving end.

CHANNEL INTERLEAVING
Block A

Block B

Block A+1

Block B+1

456 bit

456 bit

456 bit

456 bit

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Odd N+4
57

Even N
57

116-bit block

Odd N+6
Odd N+5 Even N+1
57

57

116-bit block

Even N+2 Odd N+7


57

57

116-bit block

Even N+3
57

57

116-bit block

MODULATION

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