Tm hiu CODECS v mt s nh dng video

1. CODECS
Thut ng ni rt n gin 1 codec l 1 b m ha hay gii m cc
ngun d liu s v tn hiu. V vy, chnh xc hn khi 1 codec hin c: l
1 tp tin k thut s c nn li (m ha) lu tr v gii nn n (m ha)
xem hay l chuyn i nh dng m. Hy hiu Codec ging nh 1 c
im k thut bitstream. y l tn hiu gc dng s (bit, bytes) cha c
m ha c th l m thanh, cng c th l hnh nh. Mt dng chui cc byte
c b tr cho vic gii m c th, mi codec s tp hp 1 thng tin c th, v
d n c th xc nh chiu rng, chiu cao, l l
Do , c th hiu l chng ta c th s dng phn cng x l tn hiu
bitstream ny thnh m thanh analog pht ra loa v hnh nh a ln tivi nh
PlayStation hoc c th s dng phn mm Bluray Player lm vic , nh
l PowerDVD.
Bi v l 1 c im k thut, nn c rt nhiu cch chuyn i
nhng d liu sang cc nh dng . Do , c th c nhiu b m ha cho 1
Codec. Nhng cc bn bit, 1 nh dng ca 1 tp tin a phng tin l rt
ln, 1 tp tin m thanh cha nn WAV ch 16-bit/44Khz vi di 5
pht th s c dung lng tm 50Mb. Nhng vi 1 video dng cht lng cao
1080p cha nn th s vo khong 500GB cho 1 gi. Vic tm ni lu tr tr
nn kh khn hn nu lu tt c mi th ny c khi li vi nh dng .
Cho d vi bng thng tt, mc d liu phi truyn ti nh th qu tht l
khng. y chnh l l do v sao m thanh, video cn c nn li lu tr Codec chnh l 1 gii php hu hiu gim ti mi thc mc.
Nhng nh dng Codec ph bin hu ht cc thit b a phng tin
ngy nay u c gii php lu li cc tp tin vi nh dng t nn sn. Ch
ring nhng ngi quay phim cht lng HD chuyn nghip th c nhu cu
vi video cha nn. Nu bn c 1 khng gian lu tr tht ln th bn nn lu
tr nhng tp tin vi nh dng cha nn ny v l nh dng chun c cht
lng cao nht. Khi chuyn i nh dng tp tin thnh dng nn th

cht lng n cng s gim theo. Hin nay c rt nhiu Codec dng trong vic
nn 1 video m nu bn l ngi dng ph thng tin th khi gp phi. Hy
im li nhng Codec dng trong vic nh dng nn 1 tp tin a phng tin:
H.264(MPGE-4 Part 10 AVC): cng c nhiu tn nhng c bit vi
ci tn thng gi l H.264, bi n nay c nhiu nh dng ph bin m
ha video. nh dng ny c s dng nhiu bi kch thc tp tin nh hn
nhng vi cht lng cao hn. Bn hy nh rng, H.264 ch l Codec ch
khng phi nh dng ca ui m rng, bn s khng tm thy nh dng no
vi phn m rng *.h264 u. Codec ny c s dng trn tt c cc thit b
in thoi di ng thng minh, my quay k thut s, a Blu-Ray. Bn c th
thy n cng c s dng cung cp rt nhiu trn website hin th video
vi cht lng tt. N c h tr bi Appler, Youtube, HTML5 v c Adobe
Flash. Nh cp trn, c rt nhiu b m ha cho 1 codec. i vi Code
H.264 th 1 trong nhng chng trnh m ha ph bin nht l x264 t
VideoLan, ng dng VLC Media Player.x264 l 1 ng dng min ph v y
l m ngun m, nhng cng c 1 s b m ha H.264 bn thng mi. ng
dng VLC Media Player rt tt trong vic gii m b H.264 v, xem tt cc
video.
MPEG-2: nh dng s dng chuyn cho vic nn video ghi DVD. B
gii m MPEG-2 kh lu i ( tng c s dng trn a Blu-Ray) nhng
s dng rt ph bin. D liu cn c nn cho cc knh truyn hnh HD
c pht sng. K t khi s dng thut ton nn MPEG-2, n thua km
nhiu so vi H.264, nhng li th l n nhanh hn nhiu trong qu trnh m
ha.
MPEG-4 Part 2: y l cng ngh nn bi MPEG theo tiu chun
ISO/IEC 14496-2. Bn c tng nghe ni v Divx- Xvid? y l 1 s codec
ph bin c thc hin theo tiu chun ny, hay cn gi l H.263. Rt nhiu
video m ngi dng ti v thng c nn bng codec ny v n cung cp 1
kch thc tp tin tt v duy tr cht lng hp l. Tuy nhin, im duy nht l
ni dung nt cao vn cn chu ng v cht lng hnh nh so vi H.264.

Windows Media Video: y l phin bn codec MPEG-4 ca Microsoft.

Windows Media Video (WMV) 7 c gii thiu vo nm 1999 v l 1
bn sao ca MPEG-4 Part 2. Tip sau m s xut hin ca WMV 8 v 9, v
tip n l VC-1, 1 trong 3 codec dng m ha trn a Blu-Ray. Bn c
th thy c ni tn ti WMV v VC-1 ch yu trong cc sn phm lin
quan n Microsoft nh Windows Movie Maker, Silverlight, HD DVD v
Microsoft Expression Encoder.
trn ch l nhng Codec video ph bin, bn cng c th tm hiu
nhng Codec m thanh vi nhng nh dng cha ng n. Nhng Codec m
thanh ph bin nh l FLAC, AC3, Dolby Digital Plus, DTS-HD,
ALAC.codec m thanh c nh dng cha ng ring nh WAV, AIFF,
2. Cc nh dng video
Cc nh dng cha ng Codec khi bn chi 1 tp tin trong
Windows Media Player hoc VLC, Quicktime, GomPlayer hay bt c
phng tin truyn thng no khc, l bn ang m mt nh dng cha c
c th cho Codec. Mt nh dng cha ng Codec ban gm mt hoc nhiu
gi Codec khc nhau cho video hay m thanh hoc c hai, nhm mc ch
m bo cho m thanh v video c ng b ha mt cch hon ho. Bn c
tng gp phi tnh trng nghe mt b phim m trn ng dng ny th nghe
c m thanh cn nh dng khc th khng c? Hoc l mt video m
thm b ko di v c chy m khng?.... l nhng nh dng khng cha
ng Codec s dng tt.
nh dng c s dng m bn c th thy c phn m rng cho
nhng tp tin c ph bin hin nay nh: MP4, MOV, WMV, AVI,hy
th xem li n s c nhng g.
MP4 1 nh dng m bn c th thy c t 1 bi ht, video c phn
m rng l *.MP4. Codec thng ng s dng cho n l H.264 cho video
v AAC m ha cho m thanh. N cng h tr cho MPEG-4 Part 2 v MPEG2. Ngoi ra, m thanh cng c th m ha s dng cc Codec khc ngoi
AAC.

AVI y l 1 nh dng c Microsoft gii thiu vo nm 1992. L 1

nh dng cha c m thanh vi d liu video trong mt, cho php ng b tp
tin m thanh vi video . Cng ging nh cc nh dng DVD, tp tin AVI h
tr nhiu tuyn m thanh v video, mc d n t khi c s dng, v n
khng c h tr Codec H.264. V hu ht cc tp tin AVI cng s dng
nh dng ny v c pht trin bi Matrox trong nm 1996. Nhng tp tin
c h tr bi Microsoft v khng chnh thc gi l AVI 2.0
ASF l mt nh dng h thng nng cao m Microsoft ang s hu.
Bn s khng thy c phn m rng no vi nh dng nh th ny *.ASF.
Nhng thay vo s l nhng nh dng bn thng s dng l WMA,
WMV, cc tp tin ph bin bn ang s dng l cc sn phm ca
Microsoft.
AVCHD l nh dng ph bin cho cc my quay video chun HD.
c pht trin bi 2 nh in t ni ting l SONY PANASONIC vo nm
2006. AVCHD s dng tiu chun MPGE-4 AVC/H.264 nhm h tr cc tiu
chun v nt cao cho video, h tr c AC-3 (Dolby Digital) cho m thanh
hoc Linear PCM.
MKV mt nh dng cha ng Codec video H.264. Mt vi cng c
h tr n nh l VLC, PS3 Media, Boxee. Nhng n khng h tr rng ri
cc nh dng cha ng khc. mt nh dng cha ng Codec video
H.264. Mt vi cng c h tr n nh l VLC, PS3 Media, Boxee. Nhng
n khng h tr rng ri cc nh dng cha ng khc.
FLV y l Adobe Flash, h tr nhiu Codec khc nhau, ph bin nht
l H.264 v AAC. Video Flash l mt trong nhng cch ph bin nht m bn
c th xem c trc tip qua Internet. Mt s thng tin cho bit Apple s
khng cho php Flash chy trn bt k thit b no ca h.