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Properties of Water
Universal Solvent
Properties of Water
Properties of Water
Capillary Action
Because water has both
adhesive and cohesive
properties, capillary action is
present.
Properties of Water
High Heat Capacity
Properties of Water
Density
Water is less dense as a solid! This is because the
hydrogen bonds are stable in ice each molecule of
water is bound to four of its neighbors.
Solid water molecules
are bonded together
space between fixed
Liquid water molecules
are constantly bonding
and rebonding space is
always changing
Properties of Water
So, can you name all of the properties of water?
Adhesion
Cohesion
Capillary action
High surface tension
Holds heat to regulate temperature (High heat capacity)
Less dense as a solid than a liquid
Figure 5-6
Salinity
Salinity = total
amount of solid
material dissolved in
water
Can be determined
by measuring water
conductivity
Typically expressed
in parts per thousand
()
Figure 5-15
Figure 5-13
Salinity variations
Location/type
Salinity
33-38
10 (brackish)
42 (hypersaline)
280
330
0.8 or less
0.3
Surface
processes help
Figure 5-20
Seawater density
Factors affecting seawater density:
Temperature , Density (inverse relationship)
Salinity , Density
Pressure , Density
SURFACE WATER
GROUND WATER
Movement
Seep into ground
Ground must have large enough pores loose
soil
Evaporate
1) Vegetation
Vegetation allows for loose soil
Loose soil allows water to enter ground
Gardeners do not pack their soil
Fate of water
2) Rate of precipitation
Heavy:
soil clumps together closing pores
Fills up ground to quickly and water becomes runoff
Light:
allows water to gently slide through
Less erosion
Fate of Water
3) Soil Composition
Effects the waters holding capacity
Decayed organic matter (humus)
Creates the pores in soil Increases retain ability
Minerals
Clay fine mineral which clump together
Few Spaces
Fate of Water
4) Slopes
Steep: allows for high runoff & little absorption
Little: low runoff and high absorption
Water sheds:
drainage basin
Land where all water drains into
Divide
High land area that separates watersheds
Mississippi Watershed
Stream Load
All the materials that the stream carries
Solution
Material that has been dissolved
Depends on area where the steam runs through
Erosion of rocks and dirt
Stream Load
Suspension
Small particles held up by the turbulence of stream
Clay, silt, sand
Depends on volume and velocity of water
Bed Load
Turbulence of water pushes heavy things
Pebbles and cobbles
Larger velocity large objects
B/c of abrasion, rocks are smooth
Floods
Water fills over the sides of a stream banks
Floodplain: broad flat area of land that
extends out from streams for excess flooding
Freshwater
Ecosystems
Characteristics of a Freshwater
Ecosystem
Slow moving waters
Low dissolved salt
Plant and animal life depends on depth of
water, rate of flow, and amounts of
nutrients, sunlight, and oxygen
Include lakes, ponds, rivers, and wetlands
Rivers
START in mountainous regions
Cold
Shallow beds
Highly oxygenated
A rivers characteristics changes with
geography, climate, and the runoff
from nearby developments
Wetlands
Covered in water at
least part of the year
Trap and fix carbon
Control flooding and
absorb extra water
when other bodies
overflow
Produce commercial
products like seafood
and berries (bogs)