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Structure of the Constitution

29. Describe the following principles of the Constitution:


a. Federalism- Division of power between the federal government and the state
b. Checks and balances- Each branch of government has the power to check or limit the
actions of the other two.
c. Separation of powers- The constitution divides the government into 3 branches
d. Representation- The action of speaking or acting of behalf of someone or the state of
being so represented.
e.
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f.
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g.
Rule of law- the restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to welldefined and established laws.
h. Judicial review- review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a
legislative act
30. Which Constitutional principle was established in the case of Marbury v. Madison?
A. Judicial Review.
31. Briefly summarize the Electoral College.
A. In the US) a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes
for the election of the president and vice president.
32. What is described in the following?
a. Article I- Names the USA the USA
b. Article II- Every state will keep its sovereignty, freedom and independence.
c. Article III- Every state will help each other when it is needed and they will stand together
when under pressure.
33. What do the Full Faith and Credit Clause do?
A. Addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts,
records, and judicial proceedings of every other state."
34. What is the most common way to amend the Constitution?

35. Describe the following kinds of powers and limits, giving an example or two for each:
a. Enumerated (or expressed) powers- a list of items found in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S.
Constitution that set forth the authoritative capacity of Congress.
b. Implied powers- is the powers exercised by Congress, which are not explicitly given by the
Constitution itself but necessary and proper to execute the powers, which are.

c. Concurrent powers- is powers in nations with a federal system of government that are
shared by both the State and the federal government. They may be exercised simultaneously
within the same territory and in relation to the same body of citizens.
d. Reserved powers- a political power reserved by a constitution to the exclusive jurisdiction
of a specified political authority.
e.

Restricted powers- confined within limits; restricted or circumscribed

36. Briefly describe the following:


a. No Bill of Attainder- is an act of a legislature declaring a person or group of persons guilty
of some crime and punishing them without privilege of a judicial trial.
b. No suspension of habeas corpus: The Privileges of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be
suspended unless when in Cases of Rebellion of Invasion the public Safety may require it.
c. No Ex post facto- a law that makes illegal an act that was legal when committed, increases
the penalties for an infraction after it has been committed, or changes the rules of evidence to
make conviction easier.
37. Describe the significance McCulloch v. Maryland.
a. Established the inferior status of the states in relation to the union, states cant interfere with
the federal law.
38. Define the following:
a. Apportionment- the action or result of apportioning something.
b. Gerrymandering- manipulates the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor
one party or class.
c.

Redistricting- divides or organize (an area) into new political or school districts.

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