DAFTAR ISI

LEMBARAN JUDUL ...................................................................................................

LEMBARAN PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI ...................................................................
ABSTRAK .....................................................................................................................
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................. i
DAFTAR ISI.............................................................................................................. iii
DAFTAR TABEL ..................................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................................x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah .............................................................................1
1.2 Perumusan Masalah ....................................................................................2
1.3 Batasan Masalah .........................................................................................2
1.4 Hipotesa ......................................................................................................3
1.5 Tujuan Dan Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................3
1.6 Metodologi Penelitian .................................................................................5
1.7 Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................................6
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI
2.1 Pengertian Komputer (Personal Computer) ................................................8
2.1.1 Fungsi Komputer...............................................................................9
2.1.2 Sistem Komputer...............................................................................9
2.1.2.1 Hardware .................................................................................10
2.1.2.2 Software ..................................................................................10
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2.1.2.3 Brainware ................................................................................11

2.2 Interfacing .................................................................................................11
2.2.1 Bahasa Pemrograman Visual Basic ................................................12
2.2.2 Variabel pada Bahasa Pemrograman Visual Basic .........................13
2.2.2.1 Tipe Data dan Deklarasi Variabel ...........................................13
2.2.2.2 Konstanta ................................................................................16
2.2.2.3 Array .......................................................................................17
2.2.2.4 Aturan Penamaan Variabel dan Konstanta .............................18
2.2.3 Kontrol program ..............................................................................18
2.2.3.1 If ... Then .................................................................................19
2.2.3.2 If ... Then ... Else .....................................................................20
2.2.3.3 Select ... Case ..........................................................................21
2.2.3.4 Do ... Loop ..............................................................................22
2.2.3.5 For ... Next ..............................................................................24
2.2.3.6 GoTo .......................................................................................24
2.2.3.7 Exit ..........................................................................................25
2.2.4 Procedure ........................................................................................26
2.2.4.1 Sub Procedure .........................................................................26
2.2.4.2 Function Procedure .................................................................28
2.2.4.3 Operator ..................................................................................31
2.3 Mikrokontroler ATMega8 .........................................................................34
2.3.1 Konfigurasi Pin ATMega8 ..............................................................36
2.3.2 Sistem Clock ...................................................................................39
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2.3.3 Organisasi Memori AVR ATMega8 ...............................................39

2.3.4 Port Sebagai Input / Output Digital.................................................41
2.3.5 ADC (Analog to Digital Converter)................................................42
2.3.6 Timer/Counter .................................................................................42
2.3.7 Komunikasi Serial Pada ATMega 8................................................43
2.4 Komunikasi Serial .....................................................................................43
2.4.1 Interface RS232...............................................................................44
2.4.2 Karakteristik Sinyal RS 232............................................................44
2.4.3 Menghubungkan TTL ke RS232.....................................................46
2.4.4 Konfigurasi Port Serial....................................................................48
2.4.5 Alasan Penggunaan Port Serial .......................................................52
2.5 USB (Universal Serial Bus) ......................................................................53
2.5.1 Fungsi USB .....................................................................................55
2.5.2 Karakteristik Elektris USB..............................................................55
2.5.3 USB to RS232 .................................................................................56
2.6 Pengertian Sensor ......................................................................................57
2.6.1 Sensor Cahaya LDR(Light Dependent Resistor) ............................58
2.6.1.1 Karakteristik Sensor Cahaya LDR (Light Dependent
Resistor) ..................................................................................59
2.6.1.2 Prinsip Kerja Sensor Cahaya LDR (Light Dependent
Resistor) ..................................................................................61
2.7 Motor DC ..................................................................................................62
2.7.1 Prinsip Kerja Motor Dc ~ Gaya Lorentz .........................................63
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2.7.1.1 Pemodelan sebagai Motor .......................................................65

2.7.1.2 Pemodelan sebagai Generator .................................................65
2.7.2 Struktur Dan Cara Kerja Motor Dc .................................................65
2.7.3 Klasifikasi Motor DC ......................................................................67
2.8 Catu Daya ..................................................................................................69
2.8.1 Prinsip Kerja Catu Daya .................................................................71
2.9 Komponen Pendukung ..............................................................................72
2.9.1 Resistor............................................................................................72
2.9.2 Dioda ...............................................................................................74
2.9.3 Kapasitor .........................................................................................76
2.9.4 Transistor ........................................................................................78
BAB III DESAIN DAN PEMBUATAN SISTEM
3.1 Perancangan Sistem Umum ......................................................................81
3.2 Perancangan Perangkat Keras (Hardware)................................................83
3.2.1 Rangkaian Sensor LDR ...................................................................83
3.2.2 Rangkaian Minimum Mikrokontroler ATmega8 ............................84
3.2.3 Rangkaian Komunikasi USB to RS232 ..........................................86
3.2.4 Rangkaian Motor DC ......................................................................86
3.2.5 Rangkaian Catu Daya ......................................................................87
3.3 Perancangan Perangkat Lunak (Software) ................................................88
3.3.1 Fowchart Sistem ..............................................................................88
3.3.2 Bahasa Pemrograman Visual Basic 6 .............................................90
3.3.3 Bascom AVR ..................................................................................92
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3.3.4 Proses Download Program Ke Mikrokontroler ..............................93

3.4 Gambaran Alat ..........................................................................................94
BAB IV PENGUJIAN DAN ANALISA SISTEM
4.1 Pengukuran Rangkaian..............................................................................96
4.2 Tujuan Pengukuran ...................................................................................96
4.3 Pengukuran dan Pengujian Rangkaian ......................................................97
4.3.1 Pengukuran Rangkaian Catu Daya .................................................97
4.3.2 Pengukuran Rangkaian Sensor........................................................99
4.3.3 Pengukuran Rangkaian Driver Motor dan Motor DC ...................100
4.3.4 Pengujian Rangkaian Komunikasi USB to RS232 .......................102
4.4 Pengujian Bahasa Pemrograman Visual Basic (Interface)......................104
4.5 Pengujian Alat Keseluruhan ....................................................................108
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................110
5.2 Tujuan Pengukuran .................................................................................110
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................................
DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP .....................................................................................
LAMPIRAN LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................

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