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Chapter 7 Sequences

Try these 7.1

(a) un= 4n + 3
u1= 4 + 3 = 7
u2= 4(2) + 3 = 11
u3= 4(3) + 3 = 15
u4= 4(4) + 3 = 19
u5= 4(5) + 3 = 23
u6= 4(6) + 3 = 27
First six terms are: 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27
(b) un =

n
n+2

=
u1

1
1
=
1+ 2 3

=
u2

2
1
=
2+2 2

u3 =

3
5

u4=

4 2
=
6 3

u5 =

5
7

u6=

6 3
=
8 4

First six terms are:

(c) un =

1 1 3 2 5 3
, , , , ,
3 2 5 3 7 4

(1) n
3(n + 1)

u1 =

1
6

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=
u2

u3 =

(1) 2
1
=
3(2 + 1) 9

(1)3
1
=
12
3(3 + 1)

(1) 4
1
=
u4 =
3(4 + 1) 15

u5 =
=
u6

(1)5
1
=
3(5 + 1)
18
(1)6
1
=
3(6 + 1) 21

First six terms are:

1 1 1 1 1 1
, , , , ,
6 9 12 15 18 21

Try these 7.2

(a) 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21,
Un = 3n + 3
(b)

1
1
,
,
3(7) 5(11)
un =

1
1
,
,...
7(15) 9(19)

1
(2n + 1)(4n + 3)

(c) 3, 9, 27, 81, 243,

31, 32, 33, 34,
un = 3 n

Try these 7.3

2n
(a)
, u1 1
=
un +1 =
un
u=
2

2
= 2
u1

u3=

22 4
= = 2
u2 2

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u4=

23 8
= = 4
u3 2

24 16
u=
= = 4
5
u4 4

First five terms are 1, 2, 2, 4, 4

(b) un = 3un 1 2, u1 = 4

u2 = 3u1 2 = 3(4) 2 = 10
u3= 3u2 2= 3(10) 2= 28
u4 = 3u3 2= 3(28) 2= 82
u5 = 3u4 2= 3(82) 2= 244
First five terms are: 4, 10, 28, 82, 244
(c) un +1
=

=
u2

n+2
, u1 1
=
3un + 1
1+ 2
3
3
= =
3u1 + 1 3 + 1 4

u3
=

2+2
=
3u2 + 1

4
16
=
13
3
3 +1
4

=
u4

3+ 2
=
3u3 + 1

5
65
=
61
16
3 +1
13

=
u5

4+2
=
3u4 + 1

6
183
=
128
65
3 +1
61

First five terms are: 1,

3 16 65 183
,
,
,
4 13 61 128

Try these 7.4

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8
(a) un = 1 +
9

8
n , 0
9
1
lim un =
x

Hence the sequence converges to 1

(b) un =

n 2 3n + 6
2n 2 + 5

lim un = lim
n

3 6
+
n n2 = 1
5
2
2+
n

Hence the sequence converges to

(c) un =

1
2

n3
6n 2 + 1

lim un lim
=
n

1
6 1
+
n n3

Hence the sequence diverges

Exercise 7A
1

un = 2n + 1
u1 = 2(1) + 1 = 3
u2 = 2(2) + 1 = 5
u3 = 2(3) + 1 = 7
u4 = 2(4) + 1 = 9
u5 = 2(5) + 1 = 11
Terms are: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11

u n = n2 + 3
u1 = (1)2 + 3 = 4

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u2 = (2)2 + 3 = 7
u3 = (3)2 + 3 = 12
u4 = (4)2 + 3 = 19
u5 = (5)2 + 3 = 28
Terms are: 4, 7, 12, 19, 28
3

un =

n 1
n

=
u1

11
= 0
1

=
u2

2 1 1
=
2
2

=
u3

3 1 2
=
3
3

=
u4

4 1 3
=
4
4

=
u5

5 1 4
=
5
5

1 2 3 4
Terms are: 0, , , ,
2 3 4 5
4

5
un =
4

u1 =

5
4
2

25
5
=
u2 =

4 16
3

5 125
=
u3 =
4
64
4

625
5
=
u4 =

4
256
5

3125
5
=
u5 =

4 1024

Terms are:

5 25 125 625 3125

, ,
,
,
4 16 64 256 1024

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un = (1)n (2n 1)
u1 = (1)1 (2(1) 1) = 1
u2 = (1)2 (4 1) = 3
u3 = (1)3 (6 1) = 5
u4 = (1)4 (8 1) = 7
u5 = (1)5 (10 1) = 9
Terms are: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9

un =

2n
n

=
u1

21
= 2
1

=
u2

22
= 2
2

=
u3

23 8
=
3 3

=
u4

24
= 4
4

u5
=

2 5 32
=
5
5

8
32
Terms are: 2, 2, , 4,
3
5
7

un =

n2
en

u=1

12 1
=
e1 e

u=
2

22 4
=
e2 e2

u=
3

32 9
=
e3 e3

=
u4

4 2 16
=
e4 e4

u=
5

52 25
=
e5 e5

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Terms are:

1 4 9 16 25
, , , ,
e e2 e3 e4 e5

un =

3n
2 +1

u1=

3(1)
3
= = 1
21 + 1 3

u2
=
u=
3

3(2) 6
=
22 + 1 5
3(3) 9
= = 1
23 + 1 9

u4
=

3(4) 12
=
2 4 + 1 17

u5
=

3(5) 15
=
2 5 + 1 33

6 12 15
Terms are: 1, ,1, ,
5 17 33
9

un = ( 1)n + 1 n 3
u1 =
( 1)2 (1)3 =
1
8
u2 =
( 1)3 (2)3 =

u3 =
( 1)4 (3)3 =
27
u4 =
(1)5 (4)3 =
64
u5 =
( 1)6 (5)3 =
125
Terms are: 1, 8, 27, 64, 125
10

1
1
1
1
,
,
,
,
2(1) 2(2) 2(3) 2(4)

un =

1
2n

11

un =

1
2n

12

un =

1
n +1

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13

un = (1)n + 1

14

u1 = 1, u2 = (3), u3 = (5), u4 = (7)

un = (2n 1) (1)n + 1

15

1
1
1
1
1
,
,
,
,

4 5 7 9 10 13 13 17 16 21
un =

16

1
(3n + 1) (4n + 1)

2 4 8 16
, ,
,
,
5 25 125 625
1

2 2 2 2
, , , ,
5
5
5
5
2
un =
5

17

5 8, 7 11, 9 14, 11 17, 13 20,

un = (2n + 3) (3n + 5)

18

1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720,

1!, 2!, 3!, 4!, 5!, 6!,
un = n!

19

8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256,

23, 24, 25, 26,27, 28,
un = ()n + 1 2n + 2

20

un = 2 + 4un 1, u1 = 3
u2 = 2 + 4u1 = 2 + 4(3) = 14
u3 = 2 + 4u2 = 2 + 4(14) = 58
u4 = 2 + 4(u3) = 2 + 4(58) = 234
Terms are: 3, 14, 58, 234

21

un = 4n + 2un 1, u1 = 1
u2 = 4(2) + 2u1 = 8 + 2 = 10
u3 = 4(3) + 2u2 = 12 + 2(10) = 32
u4 = 4(4) + 2u3 = 16 + 2(32) = 80
Terms are: 1, 10, 32, 80

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22

un = (un 1) (un 2), u1 = 1, u2 = 2

u3 = (u2) (u1) = (1)(2) = 2
u4 = (u3) (u2) = (2)(2) = 4
Terms are: 1, 2, 2, 4

23

un + 1 = un + d, u1 = a
u 2 = u1 + d = a + d
u3 = u2 + d = a + d + d = a + 2d
u4 = u3 + d = a + 2d + d = a + 3d

24

1
un =
3un 1 , u1 =
3
1
u2 =
3u1 =
3 =
1
3

u3 =
3u2 =
3 (1) =
3
u4 =
3u3 =
3 (3) =
9
Terms are:
25

1
, 1, 3, 9
3

un = (n 1) un 1, u1 = 5
u2 = (2 1) u1 = 1 5 = 4
u3 = (3 1) u2 = 2 (4) = 6
u4 = (4 1) u3 = 3 6 = 3
Terms are: 5, 4, 6, 3

26

un = 3 + 2 + un 1 , u1 = 1
u2 =

3 + 2 + u1 =

3+ 3= 2 3

u3 = 3 + 2 + u2 = 3 + 2 + 2 3

u4 = 3 + 2 + u3 = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 3

Terms are: 1, 2 3,
27
un
=

3 + 2 + 2 3,

3, + 4 + 2 3

2un 1
, u1 2
=
n+2

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Page 10 of 14

=
u2

2u1
2(2)
= = 1
2+2
4

=
u3

2u2
2(1) 2
= =
3+ 2
5
5

2
2
2u3
5 2
=
u4 =
=
4+2
6
15

2 2
Terms are: 2, 1, ,
5 15
28
un
=

3un 1
, u1 1
=
2n + 1

=
u2

3u1
3
=
2(2) + 1 5

3
3
3u2
5 9
u3
=
= =
2(3) + 1
7
35

3u3
u4
=
=
2(4) + 1

9
3
35 3
=
9
35

3 9 3
Terms are: 1, , ,
5 35 35
un
=
29

5un 1
, u1 4
=
n2

=
u2

5u1 5(4)
=
= 5
22
4

=
u3

5u2 5(5) 25
=
=
32
9
9

25
5
5u3
9=
125
u4 =
=
2
4
16
144

Terms are: 4, 5,

30

un =

25 125
,
9 144

4n + 3
2n 1

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lim un = lim

4n + 3
2n 1

3
n
= lim
n
1
2
n
4+

4
= 2
2

Converges to 2
31

3n 5
lim un = lim

n
n
6n + 7

= lim
n
6 +

5
n
7

3 1
=
6 2

Converges to

32

un =

1
2

n 2 + 4n + 1
2n2 + 3

n 2 + 4 n + 1
lim un = lim
n
n
2n 2 + 3

4 1

1 + n + n2
= lim
n
2 + 32
n

1
2

Converges to

33

un =

1
2

6n2 + 5
n+2

6n 2 + 5
lim un = lim

n
n
n+2

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6 + n2
= lim

n
1 + 22
n n

Diverges
34

un =

n 3 3n + 4
n2 n + 6

n3 3n + 4
lim un = lim 2
n n n + 6
n

3
4

1 n 2 + n3
= lim
n
1 12 + 63
n
n n

Diverges
35

2
un =
3

2
lim un = lim

n
3
n

=0
Converges to 0
36

7
un = 1 +
9

7 n
un lim 1 +
lim
=
n

n
9
7
= 1 + lim
n 9

=1
Converges to 1
37

(ln n)
un =
n

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lim un = lim

(ln n)
n

2/n 2
=
1
n

=0
Converges to 0
38

6n 1
lim un = lim

n 5n + 2
n

6n 1
lim

n 5n + 2

6
= lim
n
5 +

6
5

Converges to

39

1
n

6
5

1 n3
lim un = lim
n 2 + 3n 2
n

= lim
n

1
3
n

2 3
+

n3 n

Diverges.
40

un + 1 un= 4(1)n, u1 = 2
un + 2 un + 1 = 4(1)n + 1
un +1 =

4(1)n
un

4(1) n
4(1) n + 1
un +2
=
u
n

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un [ 4 (1) n + 1 ]
un + 2 =
4 (1) n

un + 2 = un(1) = un

1,
When n =

4
u2 u1 =
4( 1)n u2 = =
2
2

Since un + 2 = un
u3 = u1 = 2
u4 = u2 = 2
u5 = u3 = 2
Terms are: 2, 2, 2, 2, 2
41

un + 1 =
u2 =

3
un 5

3
u1 5

4u1 =

3
u1 5

4u1 (u1 5) = 3
4u12 20u1 3 = 0
u1 =

20 400 4(4)(3)
2(4)

20 448
8

20 8 7
8

5
7
2

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 7

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