Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Atom
The Atom
The Greeks concluded that matter
could not be divided into smaller
and smaller parts forever. The
smallest possible part that could be
obtained was called the atom, from
the Greek word, atomos, meaning
indivisible.
Daltons Model
Dalton believed in a model similar to the Greeks.
He believed that the atom was solid. He did not
know of the subatomic parts.
Thomson
Thomson discovered that atoms
contained electrons. He knew that
atoms are neutral, meaning that the
number of positive charges must equal
the negative charges. Using this
reasoning, he concluded that the
atom must also contain positive
particles too. Thomson knew that
opposite charges attract and like repel.
His model of the atom was that it was
solid, with the charges equally spread
out. See the next slide.
Rutherford
Rutherfords Results
1. Most of the particles passed right
Rutherfords Results
2. Some of the particles were deflected
Models
Rutherford was attempting to gather
Electron Clouds
Later, as science progressed, it was
Electron Configuration
If you study the next slide you
can see that each electron
shell or cloud has a maximum
number of electrons that it can
hold. The first, or K shell can
hold a maximum of 2 electrons.
The L and M shells can each
hold a maximum of 8 electrons.
Neutrons
It is believed that the function
Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms within an element
that differ in weight. Remember
that the only two measurable parts
of the atom are the protons and
neutrons. Isotopes are elements
with the same number of protons
(atomic number) and a different
number of neutrons.
Here you can see the nucleus of a carbon atom. The most
common form of carbon is Carbon-12. This atom has 6 Protons
and 6 Neutrons. The ISOTOPE of carbon, Carbon-14 has
6 protons and 8 Neutrons.