LATEX, GNU/Linux .

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LATEX

Creative Commons AttributionShare Alike 3.0 License (CC-BY-SA-3.0). ,

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e-mail: E.M.Baldin@inp.nsk.su
TEX METAFONT, , .. .

1. LATEX
1.1. . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.1. . .
1.1.2. .
1.1.3. .
1.1.4. LATEX . . . .
1.2. LATEX . . . . . . . . . .
1.3. . . . . .
1.4. LATEX- . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.1. . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.2. .
1.5.3. LaTeX . . . . . .
1.6. . . . . . . . . . .
1.7. . . . . . . . . . . .

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1
1
1
2
2
3
5
7
8
10
11
11
12
12
12

2.
2.1. . . . . .
2.2. . . . . . . .
2.2.1. LATEX-
2.2.2. . . . .
2.2.3. . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.4. . . . .
2.3. . . . . . . . . .
2.3.1. . . . . .
2.3.2. . . . . . . .
2.4. . . . . . .
2.4.1. . . . .
2.4.2. . . .
2.4.3. .
2.4.4. .

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13
13
15
15
16
17
18
18
18
19
21
21
22
23
23

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ii


3.
3.1. . . . . . . . . . .
3.2. . . . . .
3.3. . . . . .
3.3.1. . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.2.
3.3.3. . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.4. . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.5. .
3.3.6. . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.7. . . . . . . . . .
3.3.8.
3.4. . . . . . . . . .
3.5. . . . . . . . . . . . .

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27
28
29
30
30
31
32
32
33
33
34
35
36
37

4.
4.1. Encupsulated PostScript . .
4.2. EPS
4.3. graphicx . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4. . . . .
4.5. . . . . . . . . .

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39
39
41
42
44
49

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5.
5.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.1. keystroke . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.2. LCD- . . . . . . . . .
5.1.3. . . . . . . . .
5.2. . . . . . . . .
5.2.1. verbatim . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2.2. listings . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3. . . . . .
5.3.1. algorithms . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3.2. algorithm . . . . . . .
5.3.3. clrscode . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3.4. pseudocode . . . . . . . . . .
5.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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51
51
51
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55
58
58
59
60
60
60

6.
6.1.
6.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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63
63
66
69
69
71
72

iii

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.


6.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. LATEX
7.1. ? . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.1. . . . . .
7.3.2. . . . . . . . . .
7.3.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.7. . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.8. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.9.
7.3.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. I
8.1. slides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2. PDF . . . . . . . . .
8.2.1. . . .
8.2.2. . . . . .
8.2.3. . . . .
8.3. beamer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.4.

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9. -
9.1. . . . . . . . . .
9.2. . . . . . . . . . . .
9.2.1. . . . . . . . . .
9.2.2. . . . . .
9.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.4.1. BibTEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.5. . . . . . . . . . .
10.
10.1. . . . . . . . . . . .
10.2. tabbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.3. tabular array . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.3.1.
10.3.2. . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.3.3. . . . . .
10.3.4. . . . . . .

iv

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75

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82
83
83
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86
86
87
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97
98
100
100
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102
102
103
107

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111
111
112
113
115
115
117
117


10.3.5. tabular . .
10.4.
10.5. . . . . . . . . . . .
10.6. ? . .
10.7.

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11.
11.1. . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.2.
11.3. . . . . . . .
11.3.1. ins- .
11.3.2. dtx- . . .
11.3.3. . . . . . .
11.4. . . . . . . . . . . . .

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117
118
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121
121
123
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126
127
129
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LATEX
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10

1 LATEX

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11

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12

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13

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14

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15

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16

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17

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18

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19

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20

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21

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22

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23

2
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24

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25

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26

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27

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28

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29

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30

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31

3
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LATEX
.

3.3.4.

5

fraction .

32

\ sqrt [ ] { }
. .
\[
\overline{
\underline{\Large
\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[2]{b}+\sqrt[99]{g}
}
}
\]

2
a + b + 99 g

, . ,
, ,
, .
\mathstrut6 .

:
\[\Large
\sqrt[3]{\mathstrut a}+
\sqrt[2]{\mathstrut b}+
\sqrt[99]{\mathstrut g}
\]

p
3

p
p
2
99
a+ b+
g

3.3.5.

ax2 + bx + c = 0:
\[
x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}
\]

x1,2 =

b2 4ac
2a

,.

3.3.6.
. , 6

strut .

33

3
, . \left \right
:
\[\left(
\left[
\left\langle
\left\{
\left\uparrow
\left\lceil
\left|
\left\lfloor
\text{-}^{10}
\right\rfloor^9
\right|^8
\right\rceil^7
\right\downarrow^6
\right\}^5
\right\rangle^4
\right]^3
\right)^2\]

2
6 5 + 4 3
*x




 8 7


10 9 

, :

\[ ( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( \]



l ( \left),
r ( \right) m.

3.3.7.
,
. , . babel
. : cos, arccos,
sin, arcsin, tg, arctg, ctg, arcctg, sh, ch, th, cth, exp, ln, log, lim, min max.
:

34

\begin{equation*}
\begin{split}
&\log_2 10=\ln10/\ln2\simeq3.32 \\
&\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\sin x}{x}=1\\
&(a+b)^n=\sum_{k=1}^n C^k_n a^kb^{n-k}
\end{split}
\end{equation*}

log2 10 = ln 10/ ln 2 3.32

sin x
lim
=1
x0 x
n
X
(a + b)n =
Cnk ak bnk
k=1

log () lim
().
\DeclareMathOperator:
%
\ DeclareMathOperator {\ logl i k e }{ lo g l i k e }
\ DeclareMathOperator {\ liml i k e }{ liml i k e }

( ) ( ).

3.3.8.
-
. ,
, . ,
, .
.
, .
\frac{d F(x)}{dx}.
d \partial:
\[ f\quad f\quad
\dot{f}\quad \ddot{f} \quad
\frac{d f}{d x}\quad
\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \]

f f

df
dx

f
x

:
\[
\frac{d}{dx}\int F(x) dx=F(x)
\]

d
dx

F (x)dx = F (x)

, ,
,

35

3
. , , wasysym
integrals. .
,
.
, . .
\[
\int_0^{\infty}\quad
\int\limits_0^{\infty}\quad
\sum_{i=1}^n\quad
\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^n\quad
\]

Z
0

n
X
i=1

Xn

i=1

. \limits. \nolimits .

3.4.
,
,
. :
a + b =
= c
.
7 , :
%
\newcommand{\hm} [1 ]{ #1 \ nobreak\ discretionary {}%
{\hbox{$\mathsurround=0pt #1$}}{}}
\hm, , , : \(a + b \hm{=} c\).
.
.
(=, >, <, 6, >, 6=, ); ,
; . - ,
.

do7.ru.tex.

36

3.5.

.
. , .

37

:

WikiTeX. , , http://wikisophia.org/.
LATEX, WWW
, , ,
, .
TEX , , ,
. . .
TEX .

. 3.1. WikiTeX .
, LATEX.

38

Q. LATEX
?
A. ,
.

, TEX .
, . . . .
TEX , - .
. .
LATEX
Encapsulated PostScript.

4.1. Encupsulated PostScript

Adobe Systems Apple PostScript.
.
PostScript . PostScript.
, PostScript
.
Encapsulated PostScript EPS .
.eps. PostScript .

39

4
LATEX , :
%! PSAdobe2 . 0 EPSF2 . 0
%%C r e a t o r : d v i p s ( k ) 5 . 95b Co pyr ig ht 2005 R a d i c a l Eye S o f t w a r e
%%T i t l e : p i c t u r e . d v i
%%BoundingBox : 127 464 430 667
%%DocumentFonts : SFRM1200 SFRM0800
%%EndComments
PostScript1 . BoundingBox . , .
(bp=1/72 in), 0.351 . .
PostScript- EPS , , BoundingBox. ps2eps .
,
Ghostscript PostScript:
> g s q dSAFER dNOPAUSE dBATCH sDEVICE=bbox

bbox.
-q, -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH
. -dSAFER Ghostscript
2 .
EPS- . , PostScript, - . PostScript .
, / epstool .
EPS pstoedit
, , . , - PostScript- 1
.
PostScript- . .
2
, ,
read-only. , Ghostscript .

40

4
. ,
.

4.2. EPS
EPS.
. -, , . ,
convert ImageMagick, .
: latexdvips[ps2pdf] pdatex,
PNG3 JPEG4 PDF5
. , . ,
. pdatex .
JPEG jpeg2ps, CTAN6 - nonfree/support/jpeg2ps.
JPEG-, eps-. JPEG PostSript-7 . , , .
sam2p bmeps. CTAN graphics/sam2p
support/bmeps, . sam2p , ,
bmeps PNG JPEG.
eps- .
.
bmeps , 8
eps-, sam2p .
CTAN graphics/a2ping perl- a2ping.pl.
3
Portable Network Graphics .
4
Joint Picture Experts Group .
5
Portable Document Format , Adobe System.
6
The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network. http://www.ctan.org.
7
PostScript Level 2
8
, EPS.

41

4
sam2p Ghostscript, -
PostScript .
. LATEX, GNU/Linux-.

4.3. graphicx

graphicx9 , \includegraphics:
% \TeX{} \METAFONT{},
% , .\,.~.

LATEX

% \texttt{ps2pdf}
% Rolf Niepraschk
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{title.1.eps}

. =,
. keyval. :
bb BoundingBox , eps.
, : [bb=127 464 430 667]. bb,
: [bbllx=127,bblly=464,bbrx=430,bbry=667],
.
BoundingBox viewport BoundingBox,
trim
, , .
clip BoundingBox.
,
.
false. clip
true. .
9

graphicx graphics .
, .

42

4
angle , .
origin . origin : l,
b, r t , , .
. , : lt, rt, rb lb. c .
width .
height .
scale .
keepaspectratio .

.
\includegraphics[trim=110 0 105 100,clip,
width=0.49\textwidth]{title.1.eps}
\hspace{0.5cm}
\includegraphics[viewport=0 0 100 200,clip,
width=0.49\textwidth,
height=3cm,keepaspectratio,
angle=180,origin=c]{title.1.eps}

\includegraphics . .

graphicx
. , png-:
\ D e c l a r e G r a p h i c s R u l e { . png }{ eps } { . bb } { bmeps p3 c #1}
,
. .png. . eps dvips
. BoundingBox. :
%%BoundingBox : 0 0 848 979
png- , ,
:
bmeps b . png . bb
43

4
, . .
#1 . dvi-.
, . dvi-
xdvi -allowshell. ,
. PostScript dvips -R0. -
eps-.
eps :
\ D e c l a r e G r a p h i c s R u l e {}{ eps }{}{}
MetaPost, . , ,
BoundingBox , .

4.4.

. \includegraphics
, .
LATEX : (oat10 ).
, .

gure:
\ begin{ f i g u r e } [ ht ]
\ centering%
\ i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s {}
\ caption {}\ label { f i g : metka }
\end{ f i g u r e }
gure :
h ,
t ,
10

, ,
float. floatraw,
.

44

4
b ,
p , .
. h, LATEX
. t b,
.
LATEX
, .
, , , ,
: [b!].

, . , .
clearpage LATEX ,
. -

- . \clearpage.
.
, . afterpage,
:
\ a f t e r p a g e {\ clearpage }
\afterpage
.
suppressoats \suppressoats .
t b .
placeins placeins . \FloatBarrier.
,
. .
(section) [section] :

45

\usepackage [ s e c t i o n ] { p l a c e i n s }
endoat
. endoat
. .

oat
. ,
\parbox minipage:
\parbox [ ] { }{}
\ begin{ minipage } [ ] { }

\end{ minipage }
.
( [c] ), ([t])
([b]).
:
\ begin{ f i g u r e } [ ht ] \ centering
\parbox [ b ] { 0 . 4 9 \ textwidth }{\ centering
\ i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s {-1}
\ caption {-1}\ label { f i g : metka 1}}
\ h f i l \ h f i l%
\ begin{ minipage } [ b ] { 0 . 4 9 \ textwidth}
\ centering
\ i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s {-2}
\ caption {-2}\ label { f i g : metka 2}
\end{ minipage }
\end{ f i g u r e }
\parbox minipage
.
.

:
subg .
.

46

4
miniplot subg, .
gsize
.
dpoat ,
. .

, . . L TEX

. , . .
.
: oatt wrapg.
oatt
. 4.1. .
,
. . oatinggure wrapgure, .





A










. 1.

\ begin{ f l o a t i n g f i g u r e } [ ] { }
...
\end{ f l o a t i n g f i g u r e }
:
rt ,
lt ,
vt ( ).
\ begin{ w r a p f i g u r e } [ ]
{}{}
...
\end{ w r a p f i g u r e }
oatinggure wrapgure
. : ({r}), ({l}), ({i}) ({o}).
,
,
.

47

4

, . . , , .

nccoats11 :
\ s i d e f i g ( ) ( )
{\ i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s {}}{}
\ sideg ,
. . .
nccfloats.pdf.

\caption,
.
. ,
. .
. \protect. \caption ,
, .
\caption .
caption ccaption.
.
\usepackage[russian]{babel} . .
.
, , :
\usepackage{ c c a p t i o n }
% : .
\ c a p t i o n d e l i m { . } % !
, , .
. mcaption margincap:
11

nccfloats ncctools, . .

48

\ begin{ f i g u r e } [ ht ]
\ begin{ margincap }{}
\ i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s {}
\end{ margincap }
\end{ f i g u r e }
, .

4.5.
. ,
, , , .
,
. , LATEX
, .

49

: OpenSource .
.
. ? TpX , .
? , .
wine . Inkscape
xg. , .
, (http://sourceforge.net/projects/tpx/)
GPL.



LATEX.
- .
.
(http://www.nsu.ru/ef/tsy/)

. ,

Delphi, , . 4.2. TpX .
GPL
( ) ,
.
.
,
. ,
. .
, Lazarus, -
Linux - . , , -
, . ,

50

+++ .
+++
.
: -

Linux . . LATEX .
, .. TEX .

5.1.
. , .
LATEX .

5.1.1. keystroke
:
Esc. \keystroke,
keystroke, , :

\keystroke{<< >>}.

, -

51

5
. .
\Spacebar
\Esc
\Alt
\Shift
\End
\Ins
\UArrow
\ Scroll
\keystroke{}

Esc
Alt
Shift
End
Ins

Scroll

\Enter
\BSpace
\AltGr
\PgUp
\Ctrl
\LArrow
\DArrow
\Break
\keystroke{}

Enter
7

AltGr
Page
Ctrl

Break

\Return
\Tab
\Del
\PgDown
\Home
\RArrow
\PrtSc
\NumLock
\keystroke{F1}

Del

Page
Home

PrtSc
Num
F1

. 5.1. , keystoke

5.1.2. LCD-
LCD- . ,

- .
LATEX lcd.
\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0.22,0.26,0.19}
\definecolor{lightgreen}{rgb}{0.05,0.97,0.55}
\LCDcolors{darkgreen}{lightgreen}
\centering
\LARGE\textLCD{12}|Linux Format|\\[2mm]
\LCDcolors{lightgreen}{darkgreen}
\small\textLCD{12}|Linux Format|

\ denecolor color. \LCDcolors , \textLCD LCD . \textLCD , .

, . \DeneLCDchar. , 5 7 . ,
, ,
. , .

52

5
\DefineLCDchar{yo}{01010000001111110001111001000111111}

. 5.2. LCD
\LCD , , - .
,
:
\DefineLCDchar{yo}{01010000001111110001111001000111111}
\definecolor{lightblue}{rgb}{0.9,0.91,0.99}
\definecolor{darkblue}{rgb}{0.14,0.2,0.66}
\LCDcolors{darkblue}{lightblue}
\LCDframe
\setlength{\LCDunitlength}{1.5mm}
\LCD{2}{4}|LF {yo} |
|zone |

5.1.3.
,
,
. byteeld.
byteeld :
\ begin{ b y t e f i e l d }{ }

\end{ b y t e f i e l d }
byteeld \wordbox \bitbox,
, :
\ wordbox [ ] { }{}
\ b i t b o x [ ] { }{}
. [lrtb] ,
: l , r , t b . \\.

53

5
0

15 16

31

hhh
h
h
hhhhhhhhhh
h
hhh
hhhhhhhhhh
h
hhh
hhhhhhhhhh
hh
hhhh
hhh hhhh
hhhhh
h

65.527
5.1. UDP

UDP1 :
\ begin{ b y t e f i e l d }{32}
\ bitheader {0 ,15 ,16 ,31}\\
\ wordgroupr { }
\ b i t b o x {16}{ }\ b i t b o x {16}{ }\\
\ b i t b o x {16}{ }\ b i t b o x {16}{ }
\ endwordgroupr \\
\ wordbox [ l r t ] { 1 } { }\\
\ skippedwo r ds \\
\ wordbox [ l r b ] { 1 } { 6 5 { . } 5 2 7 }
\end{ b y t e f i e l d }
UDP \bitheader,
\wordgroupr \skippedwords .
\bitheader , , , {0-31}.
\wordgroupr
\wordgroupl , , . .

5.2.
LATEX . , ,

User Datagram Protocol IP.

54

5
.
, .

5.2.1. verbatim
verbatim, .
.
\verb!!.
\verb ( !),
. ,
*.
verbatim tools ,
.
\verbatiminput,
.
,
, verbatim* \verb* \verbatiminput.
*- ,
.
\begin{verbatim*}
\textbf{verbatim}
\end{verbatim*}

\textbf{verbatim}\LaTeX{}

\LaTeX{}

altt , verbatim,
LATEX ,
, .
\begin{alltt}
\textbf{altt}
\end{alltt}

altt

\LaTeX{}

LATEX

fancyvrb. .

5.2.2. listings
listings .
2 . , , , ,
.
2

listings.pdf

55

5
listings :
Listing 5.1. listings
\usepackage{ l i s t i n g s }
% listings
\ l s t l o a d l a n g u a g e s { [ LaTeX ] TeX , bash , MetaPost , Fortran , Per l ,C++,make}
%
\ l s t s e t { la ng ua g e =[LaTeX ] TeX , %
e x t e n d e d c h a r s=t r ue , %
e s c a p e c h a r =| ,
% | LATEX|
frame=tb ,
%
commentstyle=\itshape , %
s t r i n g s t y l e =\b f s e r i e s } %

3 \lstloadlanguages. .
\ lstset .
:
, ,
extendedchars=true4 .
escapechar LATEX
. , , LATEX. , (
|) ,
. escapechar .
frame=<POSITION> . t , b , l r
3
1.3c ( ): ABAP, ACSL, Ada (83, 95), Algol (60, 68), Ant, Assembler (x86masm), Awk (gnu, POSIX),
bash, Basic (Visual), C (ANSI, Handel, Objective, Sharp), C++ (ANSI, GNU, ISO, Visual), Caml
(light, Objective), Clean, Cobol (1974, 1985, ibm) Comal 80, csh, Delphi, Eiel, Elan, erlang,
Euphoria, Fortran (77, 90, 95), GCL, Gnuplot, Haskell, HTML, IDL (empty, CORBA), inform, Java
(empty, AspectJ), JVMIS, ksh, Lisp (empty, Auto), Logo, make (empty, gnu), Mathematica (1.0,
3.0), Matlab, Mercury, MetaPost, Miranda, Mizar, ML, Modula-2, MuPAD, NASTRAN, Oberon-2,
OCL (decorative, OMG), Octave, Oz, Pascal (Borland6, Standard, XSC), Perl, PHP, PL/I, Plasm,
POV, Prolog, Promela, Python, R, Reduce, Rexx, RSL, Ruby, S (empty, PLUS), SAS, Scilab, sh,
SHELXL, Simula (67, CII, DEC, IBM), SQL, tcl (empty, tk), TeX (AlLaTeX, common, LaTeX,
plain, primitive), VBScript, Verilog, VHDL (empty, AMS), VRML (97), XML, XSLT.
4
, LATEX .

56

5
, . frame=trbl . frame= .
frame=TRBL,
. .
, listings, lst.
\ lstinline !!
\verb!!.
lstlisting:
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Perl,
caption={ }]
Listing 5.2.
#
#
if (open(CHECK,"<$file")) {
i f ( open (CHECK, "< $ f i l e " ) ) {
$cmd=$term->
$cmd=$term>
readline("Overwrite (yes/NO): ");
r e a d l i n e ( " Ov erwrite ( y e s /NO) : " ) ;
if (lc($cmd) ne "yes") {die;}
i f ( l c ( $cmd ) ne " y e s " ) { die ; }
close(CHECK);}
cl ose (CHECK) ; }
\end{lstlisting}

,
. , language , caption
.
\ lstinputlisting :
%
\ l s t s e t { numbers=l e f t , la ng ua g e=MetaPost ,
b a c k g r o u n d c o l o r=\ c o l o r { y e l l o w } ,
frame=shadowbox , r u l e s e p c o l o r =\ c o l o r { b l a c k }}
%
\ l s t i n p u t l i s t i n g [ f i r s t l i n e =16 , l a s t l i n e =24 ,
emph={ f o r s u f f i x e s , t e x t , bpath } , emphst yle={\ c o l o r { r ed } } ,
emph = { [ 2 ] f i l l , u n f i l l } , emphst yle = { [ 2 ] \ b f s e r i e s \underbar } ,
] { i n t r o .mp}
16 vardef drawshadowed ( expr dx , dy ) ( t e x t t ) =
17
fixsize ( t );
18
f o r s u f f i x e s s=t :
19
f i l l bpath . s shift ed ( dx , dy ) ;
20
u n f i l l bpath . s ;
21
drawboxed ( s ) ;
22 %
draw p i c ( s ) w i t h c o l o r r ed ; %
23
endfor ;
24 enddef ;

57

5
firstline secondline ,
. .
numbers=left .
color.
- , backgroundcolor.
emph=< >.
, . emphstyle
.
,
, .
float,
.

. , ,
\lstdenelanguage. ,
.

5.3.
, , . . TEX. LATEX .
, ,
. .

5.3.1. algorithms
algorithms ,
.
. algorithmic.
. ,
. 1,
, 2 , .
\STATE . \IF{<>}, \ELSIF{<>}, \ELSE \ENDIF. \FOR \FORALL,
\ENDFOR. \WHILE{<>} \ENDWHILE,
\REPEAT \UNTILL{<>} \LOOP \ENDLOOP. \REQUIRE, , , \ENSURE, \RETURN,
\PRINT \COMMENT.

58

5
Algorithm 1 algorithm
\begin{algorithmic}[1]
\IF{\(i\leqslant0\)} \STATE \(i\gets1\) \ELSE
\IF{\(i\geqslant0\)} \STATE \(i\gets0\)
\COMMENT{ }
\ENDIF
\ENDIF
\ENSURE \(i\geqslant0\)
\FORALL{\(\xi \in \mathcal{A}\)}
\STATE \(\mathcal{B}\gets\xi^2\)
\ENDFOR
\RETURN \(\mathcal{B}\)
\end{algorithmic}

1: if i 6 0 then
2:
i1
3: else
4:
if i > 0 then
5:
i 0 {

}
6:
end if
7: end if
Ensure: i > 0
8: for all A do
9:
B 2
10: end for
11: return B

, . . ,
.
: algorithms.pdf.
algorithmic
algorithm,
. algorithm
\caption \label.

5.3.2. algorithm
algorithm, algorithmicx.
. , . Pascal,
, .
, algorithm, .
algorithm2e. C-.
. .
algorithm, algorithm.

59

5.3.3. clrscode
clrscode ,
: . , . , . 5 .
. ,
LATEX .
\begin{codebox}
\Procname{
$\proc{ }$}
\li \For $j \gets 2$ \To $\id{length}[A]$
\li \Do $\id{key} \gets A[j]$
\li $i \gets j-1$
\li \While $i > 0$ and $A[i] > \id{key}$
\li \Do $A[i+1] \gets A[i]$
\li $i \gets i-1$ \End
\li $A[i+1] \gets \id{key}$ \End
\end{codebox}

1 for j 2 to length[A]
2
do key A[j]
3
ij1
4
while i > 0 and A[i] > key
5
do A[i + 1] A[i]
6
ii1
7
A[i + 1] key

. 5.3. clrscode

5.3.4. pseudocode
. (Donald L. Kreher) . (Douglas
R. Stinson) Combinatorial Algorithms: Generation, Enumeration and
Search.
, : pseudocode. . ,
2005 . .

5.4.
LATEX
. . ,
. LATEX , , ,
.

Introduction to algorithms, Second Edition Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L.

Rivest, Cliord Stein

60

5
\begin{pseudocode}{C2F\_}
{\text{}, \text{}}
\PROCEDURE{C2F}{c}
\COMMENT{
$^\circ$$\to$$^\circ$F}\\
f \GETS {9c/5} + 32\\
\RETURN{f}
\ENDPROCEDURE
\MAIN
x \GETS \text{} \\
\WHILE x \leqslant \text{} \DO
\BEGIN
\OUTPUT{x, \CALL{C2F}{x}}\\
x \GETS x+1
\END
\ENDMAIN
\end{pseudocode}

Algorithm 1.1: C2F_(, )

procedure C2F(c)
comment: F
f 9c/5 + 32
return (f )
main
x
whilex 6
output (x, C2F(x))
do
xx+1

. 5.4. pseudocode

LATEX
LATEX- . .
. Subversion svn,
svn6 .
\usepackage{ svn }
\SVN $ Date $
\SVN $Rev$
, \SVN. Subversion
:
> svn p r o p s e t svn : keywords " Date Rev"
> svn commit m " "

svn
commit. Date Rev ,
.

> svn h e l p p r o p s e t
6

CVS (Concurrent Versions System), rcs. .

61

5
\SVN $Date$ \SVNDate \SVNTime,
. \SVN $Keyword$,
Keyword svn, \SVNKeyword.
:
\SVN $Date: 2006-11-25 21:02:20 +0600 $
\SVN $Rev: 265 $
\SVNDate\ \SVNTime

25 2006 .
21:02:20
265

\SVNRev

svninfo.

62

,
,
.
.

.
. , , , , .
, .
() , ,
, , . . . ,
.

6.1.

LATEX . , \textwidth ,
, .
\newlength.
. , -:

63

6
\newlength{\MyLen}
\setlength{\MyLen}{1cm plus 2.5fill minus 5mm}
\addtolength{\MyLen}{5em}
\lstinline!\MyLen! \the\MyLen.

\MyLen 82.89214pt
plus 2.5ll minus 14.22636pt.

LATEX -
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x 4.71341pt

x 7.43707pt

ll . TEX , :
l, ll lll, l ll lll. .
, \settowidth:

64

6
\settowidth{\MyLen}{ }
\addtolength{\MyLen}{1em}
\centering
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\framebox[1.2\MyLen]{ }

\settoheight , \settodepth .
.
FAQ LATEX:
\ makeatletter
\newcommand{\ maxwidth}{%
\ ifdim \Gin@nat@width >\linewidth
\ linewidth
\ else
\Gin@nat@width
\fi
}
\makeatother
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:
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\setlength{\MyLen}{
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calc \setlength \addtolength , . calc \widthof{}, \heightof{}

\depthof{} , .

65

6
width


reference

, . 6?

height
depth

width = 288.7318pt

height = 17.27356pt

6
depth = 4.83911pt

. 6.1. (width), (height) (depth).

(4mm*2 ,
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tools.

6.2.
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(1 2)
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, .
, :
\texthight (7) \textwidth (8).
\columnwidth. \linewidth .
\oddsidemargin (3) .
. \oddsidemargin,
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66

i
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6
6
6i

6
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11

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\textheight = 635pt
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\paperwidth = 597pt

2
4
6
8
10

+ \voffset
\topmargin = -41pt
\headsep = 21pt
\textwidth = 448pt
\marginparwidth = 49pt
\marginparpush = 6pt (not shown)
\voffset = 0pt
\paperheight = 845pt

. 6.2. scrartcl ( a4paper). \layout layout.

67

6
\topmargin (4)
, \headheight (5), \headsep (6).
\footskip
.
\marginparwidth (10)
\marginparsep (9). : \marginparpush.

\paperwidth \paperheight. LATEX (article, book,
report letter) ,
letter. ,
A4 (210297 ). ,
a4paper :
\ d o c u m e n t c l a s s [ a4 paper , 1 2 pt , o n e s i d e ] { s c r b o o k }
A5 ( A4) a5paper.

. 6.3. lscape .

-
. (, slides).

. 6.4. rotpages .

,
landscape lscape. ,
90
. pdatex ,
( )

68

6
pdftex - pdscape.
, ,
portland. portland
, . \portrait \landscape
. .
.
- 180 1 rotpages.
\rotboxpages \endrotboxpages,
. , .
rotpages-doc.pdf

6.3.
TEX , LATEX
article, book, report latter.
, . . , scrartcl,
scrbook, scrreprt scrlettr KOMA-Script, , A4. . . ncclatex (NC C)
ncc, TEX.

6.3.1.
, , . , - . ,
.
, : geometry vmargin.
geometry geometry
, :
\usepackage [ h e i g h t =25cm , a 4 paper , hmargin={3cm , 2 cm } ] { geometry }

, ,
.

69

6
keyval, 4 (). ,
calc.
. geometry.pdf
. , .
, .
. .
vmargin vmargin . :
\ s e t p a p e r s i z e [ ] { }

: A0, A1, . . . , A9, B0, B1, . . . , B9, C0, . . . , C9, USletter, USlegal USexecutive.
landscape ( ) portrait ( ). custom
:
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\ setmarg { }{ }%
{ }{ }%
vmargin : \setmarginsrb,
\setmargnohfrb, \setmargrb.
. vmargin.pdf.

70

6.3.2.
.
.
.
, :
\ pagestyle { }
, \thispagestyle{ }.
:
empty - .
plain .
headings , .
, .
fancyhdr .
fancyhdr
\pagestyle
..

112

..

cxii fancyheadings

. 6.5. fancyhdr.
fancyhdr . :
, , , \textwidth, , ,
( , , ).
fancyhdr:

71

\usepackage{ f a ncyhdr }
...
\ b e g i n { document}
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\ l h e a d {. . }
%
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%
%
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\ l f o o t {\hspace { 0 . 7 cm} }
\ r f o o t { \ textbf { f a n c y h e a d i n g s }}
page .
fancyhdr.pdf.

6.4.

. LATEX
. , ,
. , ,
.

,

, - .
. 6.6. (). [12].

TEX (Undefull)
(Overfull), log- , :
O v e r f u l l \hbox ( 2 6 . 1765 pt t o o wide ) in paragraph a t l i n e s 347356
[ ] [ ] \T2A/cmr/m/n/12
. geometry . pdf
draft:

72

\ d o c u m e n t c l a s s [ d r a f t , a 4 paper , 1 2 pt , o n e s i d e ] { s c r b o o k }
. ,

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.

\pagebreak \newpage. ,
.
/ - , :

73

\newcommand{\ lo ng pa g e }{\ enlargethispage {\ baselineskip }}

\newcommand{\ s h o r t p a g e }{\ enlargethispage{\baselineskip }}
\longpage ,
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spaceing:
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<< ,

>>.
\end{spacing}

,
.

74

6
spacing .

6.5.

. , LATEX
, . , LATEX , , , .

75

LATEX
. . .
. Tremulous.

, .
.
.
.

7.1. ?

documentclass.
:
\ d o c u m e n t c l a s s [ a4 paper , 1 2 pt ] { a r t i c l e }

my papertex edition http://nachollopis.com

paper TeX

XI

Februarii MMVII k 10:19h

First heading. Aenean sem

purus, blandit bibendum,
gravida sed.

This is the caption of the main image on

the front page.

12:34 h First text. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer

adipiscing elit. In vitae augue. Morbi fermentum, felis accumsan
rhoncus malesuada, metus eros adipiscing dui, vel eleifend nibh velit
ut felis. Pellentesque elementum massa at nisi dapibus mollis. Etiam
cursus. Mauris gravida nibh ut sapien. Vestibulum pretium, felis et.

SECTION A

Second heading. Fusce porttitor erat aliquam felis. Integer scelerisque enim at augue.

MAIN INDEX

, . .cls. LATEX TeX Live 2005
175 . , , .
. 7.1. papertex
.
. ,
.
.
,
Second subheading. Facilisis sit amet, elementum nec, interdum
vitae, nunc.

10:23 h Second text. Lorem ip- dui, vel eleifend nibh velit ut felis.
sum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adip- Pellentesque elementum massa at nisi
iscing elit. In vitae augue. Mor- dapibus mollis. Etiam cursus. Mauris
bi fermentum, felis accumsan rhon- gravida nibh ut sapien. Vestibulum
cus malesuada, metus eros adipiscing pretium, felis et.
SECTION B

Third heading. Donec lectus enim, dapibus sit

amet, condimentum non, viverra eu, augue.

Third subheading. Nunc dictum fermentum nunc. Suspendisse

est. Nulla bibendum lacus vel tortor.

10:02 h Third text. Curabitur imperdiet, est

vel commodo eleifend, mi urna vulputate lorem, at
rhoncus diam augue vitae magna. In nisi. Vivamus
elementum blandit sem. Cras sit amet justo. Curabitur diam arcu, elementum commodo, tincidunt
vel, dapibus id, lectus. In egestas nibh nec leo.
Pellentesque ut nisi sed purus rhoncus vehicula.
Donec commodo magna.

Index item 1. Cras molestie

dui sed lectus. In purus
justo, lacinia sit amet. p. ??

Index item 2. Cras feugiat,

arcu a tincidunt ornare, sem
augue mattis erat. p. ??

Index item 3. Sed sit amet

velit. Duis sit amet nunc.
Aenean vehicula commodo est. Aliquam dignissim
tempor enim. p. ??

Index item 4. Curabitur imperdiet, est vel commodo

eleifend, mi urna vulputate
lorem. p. ??

paper

WEATHER FORECAST

TODAY
13 k 9 C

76

TOMORROW
15 k 11 C

FRIDAY
12 k 6 C

TeX

EDITORS
Ignacio Llopis
lloptor@gmail.com

http://nachollopis.com

7 LATEX
TEX . (2007 )
papertex (. 7.1 Ignacio Llopis)
LATEX 1 , , LATEX . CTAN
{CTAN}/macros/latex/contrib/papertex/.

7.2.
, LATEX 6 : article (), book
(), report (), proc (), letter () slides ().
article. section ().
( abstract). book
chapter (). book
, . report book. ,
, . proc,
, article,
. letter
,
. slides .

, .
minimal,
. minimal .
, LATEX .
, . , , .
. , .
, . ,
-
.
, , .
:
1

-
, .

77

7 LATEX
10pt|11pt|12pt . .
a4paper . ,
LATEX letter.
draft .
(
) ,
.
oneside|twoside , .
twocolumn .

7.3.
, , .

7.3.1.
. -
- , extsizes
(extarticle, extbook, extletter, extproc, extreport), 10-12pt2. , -
. AMS (amsart, amsbook,
amsproc), . ntgclass3
, , .
KOMA-Script
KOMAscript. . ,
( ), - , LATEX-.
scrartcl, scrbook, scrlttr2,
scrreprt.
2

10pt, 11pt 12pt extsizes 8pt, 9pt, 14pt, 17pt 20pt.

3
ntgclass (artikel1, artikel2 artikel3),
(boek boek3), (brief ) (rapport1 rapport3).

78

7 LATEX
KOMA-script
9pt, 14pt 17pt. ,
, KOMA-script .
. ,
KOMA-script . The KOMA-Script bundle
(scrguien.pdf) .
NC C

NC C.
NC C . : 4 LATEX, 2005 (ISBN
5-901548-25-6).
ncc
: article ( ),
preprint (), book () report ().
: ncclatex.pdf.

7.3.2.
, . , , .
,
5 .
eskdx,
. : eskdtext ( ), eskdbtab ( )
eskdgraph ( , ).
(eskdx.pdf) - . 7.2. . CTAN eskdx
{CTAN}/macros/latex/contrib/eskdx/, : http://lostclus.linux.kiev.ua/eskdx/.
eskdx . , eskd

1
1.1 eskdx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.2 eskdtext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.3 eskdgraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.4 eskdtab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5
2.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.7 , . . . . . . . . . .
2.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.13 , , , .. . . . . . .

.
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.

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5
5
6
6
8
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13
14
17
18
18
18
19
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19
20

3
3.1 . . . . .
3.2 . . . . . . . . . .
3.3 . . . . .
3.4

.
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21
21
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23
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79

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eskdx v0.97

32

7 LATEX
( x ). eskd.cls
pscyr6 .
.
? isov2.cls iso
. isoman.pdf ISO.
ISO 10303 iso10303.

7.3.3.
letter LATEX . .
, , . ,
. LATEX
letter.
FAQ LATEX (http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq)
newlfm . lfm letter (), fax () memoranda ( ).
README .
akletter . lettereng.pdf
.
KOMA-script letter scrlttr2. ntgclass brief.
- . ,
cdpbundl, .

7.3.4.

book.
.
book
octavo. scrbook KOMA-script
book. .
.

pscyr . , .
LATEX.
. :
ftp://ftp.vsu.ru/pub/tex/font-packs/pscyr/.

80

7 LATEX
memoir (memman.pdf) , . , , , , .
.
- , .
. .
(memmanadd.pdf)
.
,
,
sms .

7.3.5.
, .
scrreprt KOMA-script, report.
- Eli Billauer LATEX- HiTech-
, , hitec. . , ,
.
298, sms, .
manual nassow Center for the Automation of Weapon and Command Systems, Royal Netherlands
Navy.

7.3.6.
, Householder formula

The Householder formula below lets you compute f (x) for an
. arbitrary f .
,
. where n 2 and is an arbitrary function.
seminar sides .
Formula (1) gives an iteration of order n converging towards x such
that: f (x ) = 0.

. LATEX , .
prosper seminar . 7.3. prosper
, ,
pdf7 . ppr-prv
prosper.
1

xk+1 7 n (xk ) = xk + (n 1)

1
f (xk )

n2

n1
1
f (xk )

+ f (xk )n+1

(1)

A small tour of Prosper facilities p. 6/8

Acrobat Reader,
.

81

7 LATEX
texpower, powersem, slides, texpower.
prosper .
J/ +
, beamer. cos()<0.75, ,

p
<0.5
beamer 3.0 < M < 3.2 , M
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1

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5/7

7.3.7.
, . ,
. ,
ucthesis (UC Berkeley).
disser. CTAN {CTAN}/macros/latex/contrib/disser. , .
.

82

7 LATEX

7.3.8.
curriculum vitae
.
johndoe
, .

europecv.
vita .
IT- . curve
. curve .
. 7.5. moderncv
morderncv , .
CTAN {CTAN}/macros/latex/contrib/moderncv.
, , . ,
. currvita .
Any intelligent fool can make things bigger, more complex,
and more violent. It takes a touch of genius and a lot of
courage to move in the opposite direction.

Education

20032006

Master of Design, Valparezzo School of Design.

20012003

Bachelor of Design, Being Drawing University.

1st year: 79%

1st year: 63%

2nd year: 84%

3rd year:

(graduation expected in June 2006)

2nd year: 76%

Master thesis

title

On the design of modern curriculum vits

supervisors

Pr P. Picasso and Pr G. Klimt

description

Study of the complex design of a curriculum vit, also known as rsum. In my opinion,
a good design needs to be show the personality of its author. Some people will thus prefer a
more classic style, and others will be more audacious. . .

Experience

February 2006
current
20052006

Maintainer of the a CTAN package, CTAN, World.

Maintainer of the moderncv package, meant to ease the production of beautiful curriculum
vits.

Mathematics tutor, UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve.

Supervision of practical sessions for a mathematical course given to second year engineering
See www.legat-online.be/b2q1/num.
students (course FSAB1104: Numerical Methods).

20042006

Cultural project leader, Tchouque-Tschouk Kot, Louvain-la-Neuve.

Leader of a student home with a cultural project, requiring day to day management as well
See www.organe.be.
as the organization of public events.

19992001

IMO preselected, SBPMef, Wpion.

Advanced mathematical training, as Belgian preselected candidate for the International MathSee
ematical Olympiads, selected by the Belgian mathematical society.

imo.math.ca/belgium.html.

Languages

French

Native

Dutch

Near-native

English

Very good

Primary education degree obtained in a Dutch college

(Sint-Jozefscollege te Sint-Pieters-Woluwe).

Many journeys in English speaking countries, including the United

States,
the United Kingdom and Kenya.

12 somestreet, 3456 somecity T +12 (3)456 78 90 B jdoe@design.org www.ctan.org

7.3.9.
LATEX. , - , , , /, : http://www.maik.ru/pub/tex/.
LATEX. , asaetr American Society for Agricultural Engineers
(ASAE). Maple Technical Newsletter mtn. jpsj2 . sibjnm.
elsart Elsevier. nature pdf-
Nature.
revtex4.
, ,
, combine.

83

7 LATEX

7.3.10.
. , CD (cd), (qcm), (assignment),
(ConcProg), (courseoutline coursepaper),
(labbook), (stage), (pecha),
(ashcards), . ,
.

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l,
ig,nx, xm,z
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g,px, cxn,
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d
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page 2

This is the short excerpt from the Brahma Story, taken from the Documentation of the cTibTEX package:

im,

d
es,xs,

. 7.6. - pecha.

.
. ,
-, , LATEX , ,
.

84

7 LATEX

: CTAN
Q. CTAN?
A. CTAN . CTAN Comprehensive TeX Archive Network. CTAN ,
TEX .. ,
CTAN :
ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/
ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/
ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/
CTAN , , :
ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/TeX/CTAN/
ftp://ftp.nsu.ru/mirrors/ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/
, , , TEX. ( )
. , . CPAN8 perl CRAN9 R PyPI10
python CTAN, , .

Comprehensive Perl Archive Network.

Comprehensive R Archive Network
10
Python Package Index
9

85

I
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8.1. slides
LATEX .

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. slide. .

T C ,
(C)

T = T

(C)

C + T

(1)

(1 C ),

(C)

T T , C
( J/),

(C)

T , C
( J/ + (X)).

(T )

C = C

(T)

T + C

(2)

(1 T ).

86

8 I

\ d o c u m e n t c l a s s [ a4 paper , l a n d s c a p e ] { s l i d e s }
...
\ b e g i n { document}
\ begin{ s l i d e }
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seminar slides - (1993 .),
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8.2. PDF
PDF Portable Document Format
Adobe Systems 1993 . 2007 PDF, ISO. 2006
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8.2.1.
, PostScript- .
ghostscript, ps2pdf (man ps2pdf)
PDF:

87

8 I

> ps2 pdf .ps .pdf

PDF pdatex.
LATEX , PDF. pdatex ,
pdf (), png/jpeg (). pdatex
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8.2.2.
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Systems. PDF
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Adobe Reader,
, ,
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pdfopen pdfclose ( TEXLive):
> p d f c l o s e f i l e .pdf
# .pdf
> pdfopen f i l e .pdf

88

8 I
Ghostscript .
Ghostscript PDF , . :
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xpdf (http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/) PDF
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8.2.3.
PDF.
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8.3. beamer
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http://sourceforge.net/projects/latex-beamer.
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.

89

8 I
UTF-8,
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90

8 I
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8 I
beamer < > /.
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92

8 I

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An Algorithm For Finding Primes

Numbers.

Till Tantau

int main (void)

{
std::vector<bool> is_prime (100, true);
for (int i = 2; i < 100; i++)

Users Guide
to the
Beamer
Class

Till Tantau

int main (void)

{
std::vector<bool> is_prime (100, true);
for (int i = 2; i < 100; i++)
if (is_prime[i])
{

An Algorithm For Finding Primes

Numbers.
int main (void)
{
std::vector<bool> is_prime (100, true);
for (int i = 2; i < 100; i++)
if (is_prime[i])
{
std::cout i " ";
for (int j = i; j < 100;
is_prime [j] = false, j+=i);
}
return 0;
}

}
return 0;

return 0;
}

Users Guide
to the
Beamer
Class

An Algorithm For Finding Primes

Numbers.

Till Tantau

Users Guide
to the
Beamer
Class
Till Tantau

An Algorithm For Finding Primes

Numbers.
int main (void)
{
std::vector<bool> is_prime (100, true);
for (int i = 2; i < 100; i++)
if (is_prime[i])
{
std::cout i " ";
for (int j = i; j < 100;
is_prime [j] = false, j+=i);
}
return 0;
}
Note the use of std::.

. 8.2. ( Hannover)
\ begin{ frame } [ f r a g i l e ]
%
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\ f r a m e t i t l e {An Algorithm For F inding Primes Numbers . }
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\un<1>{\a l <0>{\}}}

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beamer

Users Guide
to the
Beamer
Class

theorem, proof, block enumerate

beamer
theorem, proof, block enumerate

Till Tantau

theorem, proof, block enumerate

Till Tantau

()

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A = B

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beamer

Users Guide
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Beamer
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A=B
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Till Tantau

A=B

Users Guide to the Beamer Class

beamer
theorem, proof, block enumerate

A=B

beamer

Users Guide to
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theorem, proof, block enumerate

Till Tantau

beamer
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()
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3. A = B

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3. A = B

Users Guide to the Beamer Class

Till Tantau

Users Guide to the Beamer Class

3/3

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94

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. \useoutertheme. : infolines, miniframes, shadow, sidebar, smoothbars,
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95

8 I
beamer multimedia.
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97

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98

9 -
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99

9 -
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100

9 -

WWW- http://www.inp.nsk.su/~baldin/.

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101

9 -
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102

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103

9 -

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104

9 -

[1] , . LATEX LATEX 2 : .
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105

9 -
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106

9 -
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107

9 -

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108

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109

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113

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|. || . \hline. . @{}
. , .
- ,

.
\centering
\begin{tabular}{c||p{2cm}@{$\pm$\ }r|}
\textbf{} & & \\[2mm]
\cline{2-3}
& & \\
\cline{1-1}\cline{3-3}

& & \\ \cline{2-2}

\end{tabular}

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\cline{ }.
array ,
tabular, :
m{} , p{}, ,
b{} , m{},
.
array
array.pdf tools.

, , Publication quality tables in LATEX (booktabs.pdf),
(Simon Fear) booktabs.
, .

10.3.1.
(), , . :
.
.
,
, .
.
hhline tools \hhline,
, . hhline.pdf.
arydshln
. arydshln-man.pdf .

10.3.2.
\multicolumn{n}{ }{}:
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|*{3}{c|}}
\textbf{} & & \\[2mm]
\hline\hline
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{} \\

& &
\end{tabular}

115

10
, , .
multirow
:
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|*{3}{p{1.2cm}|}}
\textbf{} & & \\[2mm]
\hline\hline
& \multirow{2}{1.2cm}{} & \\

&
&
\end{tabular}

README .
:
\ multirow { }{}{}
\ multirow { }{}
, , ,
. .
. ,
colortbl:
\centering
\begin{tabular}{c>{\columncolor{yellow}}cc}
\backslashbox{}{} & & \\
\rowcolor{yellow}
&
& \\

& \multirow{-2}*{} &

\end{tabular}

PP
PP

PP

PP
P

colortbl . colortbl.pdf .
\backslashbox{}{},
, slashbox. . slashbox.tex.
lh
makecell. \makecell,
, .
. .
(makecell.pdf) (makecell-rus.tex).

116

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10.3.3.
. ,
.
dcolumn tools :
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|l|D{.}{,}{5}|}
0.3141 & 0.3141 & 0.3141 \\
3.141 & 3.141 & 3.141 \\
31.415 & 31.415 & 31.41 \\
\end{tabular}

0.3141
3.141
31.415

0.3141
3.141
31.415

0,3141
3,141
31,41

: D{delim}{output}{nfruc}, delim (
), output delim (,
), nfrac
( .
dcolumn.pdf.
rccol , dcolumn, .
. rccol rccol.pdf . ,
.
warpcol . warpcol.pdf
.

10.3.4.
CSV ( . Comma Separated Values , )
, .
csvtools. csvtools.pdf , tex-.

10.3.5. tabular
tabularx tools tabular
, X.

117

10

\centering
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|D{.}{,}{4}|X|c|}
0.3141 & & 0.3141 \\
3.141\footnote{ tabularx
}
& 3.141 & 3.141
\end{tabularx}

0,3141

3,141a

3.141

0.3141

3.141

tabularx

tabularx .
X p{},
. , X,
. , ,
(tabularx.pdf).
tabulary tabular, array. . tabulary.pdf.
.
ctable . \ctable, tabular
table. \ctable
. ctable.pdf.

10.4.
tabular ,
. : supertabular longtable . , .
,
. : supertabular.pdf supertabular longtable.pdf
longtable tools.
longtable supertabular , LATEX.
, .
supertabular supertabular
mpsupertabular,

118

10
minipage, .
, , xtab.
supertabular .
xtab.pdf

10.5.
,
. \tableofcontents,
\ listogures \ listoftables .
\centering
\begin{tabular}{p{0.7\textwidth}@{}r}
1\dotfill & 2 \\
2\dotfill & 10 \\
3\dotfill & 124
\end{tabular}

1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

\dotll ( ).
listliketab
, .
:
\ s t o r e s t y l e o f { enumerate }
\ begin{ l i s t l i k e t a b }
\newcounter{tabenum }\ setcounter { tabenum }{0}
\newcommand{\nextnum }{\ addtocounter {tabenum }{1}\ thetabenum . }
\ begin { t a b u l a r }{L>{\ b f }l@{~~~~}>{\ b f }l@{~~~~}>{\ b f } l }
\nextnum &
& & \\
\nextnum & & & \\
\nextnum & &
& \\
\end{ t a b u l a r }
\end{ l i s t l i k e t a b }
1.

2.

3.
listliketab.pdf

119

10

10.6. ?
tableaux tabvar .
. !

32

x
f (x)
f (x) +

&

0 +

+
+
3
& & 2 %

tabvar tableaux.
tabvar.pdf demo.tex.
, - :
pb-diagram , :

9.3%

65 .

c0

6104
420

6.6103

J/

5
710-

50

12%

J/

10.7.
.
, .
. . ,
, .

120

11

- ,
. ,
. , .
100% .
.

LATEX ,
, , . .
.

11.1. . . .
. . . , . , , .
:
\newcommand{\ ee }{\ensuremath{ e^{+}e ^{}}\xspace }

. \ensuremath
:
\(J/\psi\to\ee\)
\ee-.

J/ e+ e e+ e -.

121

11
\xspace
, , .
,
:
\newcommand{ } [ N ] [ . . ] { }
\renewcommand{ } [ N ] [ . . ] { }
\providecommand{ } [ N ] [ . . ] { }
\newcommand . ,
. \renewcommand . \providecommand ,
, ,
.

. /,
(1) (9).
3.4
(\(a + b \hm{=} c\)):
\newcommand{\hm} [1 ]{ #1 \ nobreak\ discretionary {}%
{\hbox{$\mathsurround=0pt #1$}}{}}
(#) .
, #1.
(*) \newcommand \hm :
\par. .

:
\newcommand{\exmpl}[1][]%
{<< #1>>}
\exmpl{} \exmpl[].

\newenvironment,
:
\newenvironment{outlined}{\hrule\begin{center}}%
{\end{center}\smallskip\hrule}
\begin{outlined}
.
\end{outlined}

122

11
\newcommand:
\newenvironment { } [ N ] [ . . ]%
{ }%
{ }
, \newcommand, .
. \renewenvironment.
8.3, beamer \newtheorem:
\newtheorem{Texmpl}{}
\begin{Texmpl}[ ]\label{th:1}
.
\end{Texmpl}

1 ( ).
.

\begin{Texmpl}\label{th:2}
2. , . , .
\end{Texmpl}
:~\ref{th:1},
:~\ref{th:2}

: 1, : 2

\newtheorem :
\newtheorem{ } [ ] { }
\newtheorem{}{ } [ ]

.
.
. , ,
.

11.2.
6.1
.
\newlength, \setlength \addtolength. LATEX
:

123

11
\newcounter{MyCount}\setcounter{MyCount}{5}
MyCount \arabic{MyCount},
~\alph{MyCount}, \Asbuk{MyCount}.\par
\addtocounter{MyCount}{1550}
\arabic{MyCount} \Roman{MyCount}.

MyCount 5,
e, .
1555 MDLV.

\newcounter.
. , ,
. \setnewcounter, -
\addtocounter.
, - , - . . \arabic{}.
\Roman \roman , . : \alph
, \asbuk \asbuk
.
( page), (, part, chapter,
section, subsection, subsubsection . .), (
footnote), ( gure table) (equation).
\the
. .
, ,
, , \the-,
, , :
\renewcommand{\thepage}{\Roman{ page }}
, :
\newcounter{Main}\addtocounter{Main}{10}
\newcounter{Dep}[Main]\addtocounter{Dep}{10}
: \theMain.\theDep\par
\stepcounter{Main}
: \theMain.\theDep

: 10.10
: 11.0

,
.

124

11
Dep Main. ,
(Main)
\stepcounter, (Dep) . ,
(section).
\refstepcounter{} \stepcounter, , , \refstepcounter ,
\ref, , \the-:
% " "
\newcounter{ Problem } [ s e c t i o n ]
\renewcommand{\ theProblem }{\ t h e s e c t i o n . \ arabic { Problem }}
\newenvironment { Problem } [ 0 ] {%
\par\ refstepcounter { Problem }%
\ theProblem \ ,}%
{\par }%
Problem . Problem
. \theProblem
. Problem
\refstepcounter{}. :
\begin{Problem}\label{ex:1}

\end{Problem}
\begin{Problem}\label{ex:2}

\end{Problem}
~\ref{ex:1} ~\ref{ex:2}.

11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.1 11.2.2.

LATEX :
calc tools , 6.1. \newcounter
, , . calc.pdf.
ifthen \ ifthenelse
\whiledo. ifthen.pdf. xifthen.
fmtcount (, , . .) (fmtcount.pdf).
multido \multido (multido.pdf).
tokenizer (tokenizer.pdf).
totpages
(totpages.pdf).

125

11
xkeyval keyval, / key=value (xkeyval.pdf).

11.3.
, LATEX.

, .
, .
: TEX ,
. .
1 .
,

.
LATEX
dtx (dtx-).
, ins (ins-). How to Package Your LATEX Package, (Scott
Pakin). dtxtut.pdf, , LATEX
CTAN. [c]skeleton.dtx
[c]skeleton.ins.
dtx- doc
DOCSTRIP ( docstrip.pdf). doc , .

11.3.1. ins-
dtx- . :
%% ( LPPL/GPL)
%%
%% DOCSTRIP .
\ input d o c s t r i p . t e x
%%
%% .
\ keepsilent
1

listings,
listing lstlisting.

126

11
%% .
%%
%% $(TEXMF) .
\ u s e d i r { t e x / l a t e x /{ }}
%% ,
%% . ,
%% .
\ preamble

\ endpreamble
%% dtx . ,
%% .
\ g e n e r a t e {\ f i l e { }{\ from {dtx-}{}}}
...
...
%% .
%% .
\obeyspaces
\Msg { }
\Msg{
, .
}
\Msg{
!
}
\Msg { }
%% .
\ endbatchfile

11.3.2. dtx-
dtx- , . dtx- latex
. .
(literate programming).

. LATEX-,
. %
LATEX, () \ ialse -\ .

, , :
%\ i f f a l s e metacomment
% LATEX . metacomment
%

127

11
% , ( ) .
%\ f i
ins- \generate .
DocStrip, , <> <> </>.
:
% \iffalse
%<> \NeedsTeXFormat {LaTeX2 e }
%<> \ Pr o videsPa cka g e { }
%<>
[ <>/<>/<> v<> < > ]
<>/<>/<> v<> < > , , .
, :
%< d r i v e r >
\documentclass{ ltxdoc }
\ usepa cka g e { }
\ b e g i n { document}
\ DocInput {dtx-}
\end { document}
%</ d r i v e r >
% \fi
,
(%).

.

,
EX . , .
dtx- LATEX- , (%)
LAT

%
%
%
%

\ t i t l e { \ t e x t s f { }}
\ a ut ho r { \\ \ t e x t t t { e-mail}}
\ maketitle

LATEX- paragraph
\DescribeMacro{} \DescribeEnv{}

128

11

, , .
(literate programming).
:
%\ S t o p E v e n t u a l l y {\ P r i n t I n d e x }
%\ b e g i n { environment }{ }
% .
% , macros, .
% \ b e g i n { macrocode }
, :
\newenvironment { }{ }{ }
% \ end { macrocode }
%\ end { environment }
...
%\ F i n a l e
\endinput
\StopEventually{} , , , \PrintIndex.
macrocode.
. , , :
% \begin{macrocode} (4) . \end{macrocode},
, %.
environment macros
.

11.3.3.
LATEX- dtx-. ins- :
%< b a t c h f i l e >
\begingroup
ins-

129

11

\endgroup
%</ b a t c h f i l e >
\endbatchle,
LATEX .
. CTAN.
http://www.ctan.org/upload.
README . pdf-
.

11.4.
. ,
. , . (literate
programming).
LATEX- . ,
. . .
, .
.

130

[1] , . . TEX / . . . .: , 2003. 560 .

[2] , . . METAFONT / . . . .: , 2003. 384 .
[3] , . . / . . . .: , 2003. 686 .
[4] , . LATEX / . . .: , 2000. 172 .
[5] , . LATEX LATEX 2 / . , . , . . .: , 1999. 606 .
[6] , . LATEX /
. , . , . . .: , 2002. 621 .
[7] , . LATEX Web- / . , . . .: , 2001. 604 .
[8] , . . LATEX / . . . .: , 2008. 304 .
[9] , . . LATEX / . . . .:
, 2003. 448 .
[10] , . . LATEX - / . . , . . .
: , 2004. 496 .
[11] , . . LATEX / . . ; .
. . . : . , 2005. 398 .
[12] , . . - / . . . .:
-, 2003. 500 .

131