Social Studies STAAR

Test Review

ERA I
Colonization
1607-1763

1. Reasons for English

Colonization
Social-

Economic Religious-

2. Jamestown- 1607
First permanent English
settlement in North America.

3. Virginia House of Burgesses

First representative assembly
in the colonies.

4. 1620
Founding of Plymouth Colony
Mayflower Compact- Early
example of self government.

5. Representative Government
Power is held by the people who
elect representatives to look out
for their interests.

6. Settlement of American
Colonies
New England (CT, NH, MA, RI)
Settled by Pilgrims in 1620s and
Puritans in the 1630s to escape
religious persecution in England

Middle Colonies (NY, NJ, PA, DE)

NY was important trading areas
William Penn founded PA for
religious freedom

Southern Colonies (VA, MD, NC, SC, GA)

Maryland founded by Catholics
feeling religious persecution
GA was created for debtors

7. Colonial Economies
Southern- Agricultural
cash crops and
slavery
Middle Agriculture,
trade, Bread Basket
Colonies
Northern- Industrial,
ship building, fishing

8. Agriculture (Plantations)
Large farms
that usually
grow one
kind of cash
crop.

9. Cash Crops
Grown to make money.

10. Mercantilism
Economic system where colony
can only trade with Mother
Country (England). Hurt the
colonys economy

11. Free Enterprise

Economic system where there
is competition between
businesses with little
governmental control.

12. Triangular Trade

Buying and selling of humans
for forced labor.

13. Slavery Established

Transatlantic slave trade-millions of
Africans were captured, shipped
across the Atlantic Ocean, and sold
Cheap labor for cash crops
Invention of cotton gin in 1793

Slavery became a controversial

issue

14. People of the Colonies

Thomas Hooker
founder of state of Connecticut,
Father of American Democracy.
Connecticut adopted the
Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut sometimes called the
First Written Constitution

William Penn
Established Pennsylvania as a
refuge for Quakers.
He supported freedom of worship,
welcomed immigrants, and did not
require residents to serve in a
militia.

15. People of the Colonies

Anne Hutchinson
Banished from Massachusetts
colony
One of the founders of Rhode
Island

16. Causes of the

French and Indian War 1756
Territorial disputes
(British wanted French land
in North America)

British fought
against French
soldiers and Native
Americans
(Native Americans fought
because they were afraid the
British would take over their
land)

17. Effect of the

French and Indian War

Colonies paid taxes to help pay

off Englands war debt.

18. Treaty of Paris 1763

Ended the French
and Indian War
Proclamation
Line of 1763
no settlement by
colonists west of
Appalachian
mountains

ERA II
Revolution
1763-1789

19. Increasing Tension with

Britain
British Policy

Definition

American Reaction

Sugar Act

Tax on Sugar

Taxation without
representation

Stamp Act

Tax on Documents

Organized Protests; Sons

of Liberty form

Townshend Act

Tax on imported goods

Boycott the British

Tea Act

Taxed Tea

Boston Tea Party

Intolerable Acts

Closed Boston

Formed First Continental

Congress

20. No Taxation Without

Representation
Reason colonists were upset
with British government.

People and Documents that

Influenced American
Government

21. John Locke

His writings on
the nature of
government
influenced the
founding fathers.
Developed the
idea inalienable
rights.

22. Charles de Montesquieu

French political
philosopher
Defined the principle
of separation of
powers and checks
and balances within a
government

23. William Blackstone

English judge and
professor
Gave the first
University lectures
on English
Common Law

24. George Mason

Self educated American
farmer and landholder
His writings influenced
the new American
government
Believed in restricted
government and the
need for a Bill of Rights

25. Magna Carta

A document
drafted in 1215, it
limited the power
of the king and
guaranteed the
right of trial by
jury.

26. English Bill of Rights

Called for frequent
elections
Guaranteed the right
to bear arms
Forbade cruel and
unusual punishment
Trial by jury

Leaders and People of the

Revolution

27. King George III

King of
England
during the
American
Revolution.

28. George Washington

Commander
of the
Continental
Army.

29. Samuel Adams

Opposed
British
taxation.

Helped form
the Sons of
Liberty.

30. Patrick Henry

Known
for his
Give Me
Liberty Or
Give Me
Death
speech.

31. Wentworth Cheswell

Educated AfricanAmerican Patriot
and Justice of the
Peace
Made the same
midnight ride as
Paul Revere

32. James Armistead

African-American
spy during the
American
Revolution
Spied primarily
on Lord
Cornwallis and
his army

33. Crispus Attucks

American
Hero and
Martyr of
the Boston
Massacre

34. John Paul Jones

Founder of the
U.S. Navy
Harassed the much
larger and better
equipped British
Navy proving them
vulnerable

35. Marquis de Lafayette

French Noble and
military officer
Commanded
American troops
during the war

Diplomatic ties to the

French government

36. Haym Salomon

Polish Jew
who spied
for
Americans
Held by the
British as
German
translator

37. Bernardo de Galvez

Spaniard who
held off the
British in New
Orleans
Allowed
Americans use
of the port

38. Mercy Otis Warren

Patriot writer,
playwright, poet,
and supporter of
independence
First woman
historian of the
American
Revolution

39. Thomas Paine

Wrote
Common
Sense which
gave reasons
to fight for
independence.

40. Abigail Adams

Wife of John
Adams
Penned many
famous letters
Early advocate
for womens
rights

41. James Madison

Father of the
Constitution
One of the
authors of the
Federalist Papers
Author of the
Bill of Rights

42. Alexander Hamilton

One of the authors
of the Federalist
Papers

Leader of the
Federalist Party
First Secretary of
the Treasury

43. Benjamin Franklin

Writer, inventor,
philosopher, and an
appointed Diplomat
of the fledgling U.S.
government
Helped convince
France to help the
colonists fight the
British.

44. Thomas Jefferson

Wrote the
Declaration of
Independence in
1776.
This listed
grievances
(complaints) against
King George III.

45. Revolutionary War

Declaration of
Independence 1776- a
document written by
Thomas Jefferson,
claiming Independence
from Great Britain
based on the
philosophies of Locke,
Montesquieu, and
Blackstone

46. Unalienable Rights

Rights that cannot be taken
away.
In the Declaration of
Independence they are-

Battles of the Revolution

47. Lexington and Concord

Opening battles of the American
Revolution.

48. Saratoga
Battle which was the turning point
of the revolution.
France began to help the colonies
after this victory.

Victory

49. Winter at Valley Forge

Where Washingtons army spent a
difficult winter but emerged a
stronger force.

50. Yorktown
Last major battle of the war.

Ended the American Revolution.

13 colonies became independent
from England.

USA

52. Treaty of Paris 1783

Ended the American Revolution

British recognized American

independence.
Mississippi River became the western
border of the U.S.

53. Articles of Confederation

First U.S. Constitution.
Weak National government.

54. Philadelphia Convention

Also called the
Constitutional Convention
Delegates met in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
to revise the Articles of
Confederation.
Instead they wrote an
entirely new constitution
and formed a new
government.