Transcription: RNA synthesis

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

Transcription in Eukaryotes
Initiation: RNA polymerase II is guided by a set of transcription factors

Involves transcription factors (TFs)

and RNA polymerase
Recognition of TATA box (located
~ 20 to 30 bp of transcription
initiation site)

Transcription in Eukaryotes - Initiation

Transcriptional activation

Transcription Elongation step

Transcription - Elongation

/antisense strand

Transcription - termination
RNA polymerase falls off

terminator

Transcription termination in Prokaryotes

Transcription termination in Eukaryotes

Post-transcriptional modifications

Consensus sequence for

splicing (Pu = A or G; Py = C or U)

Introns splicing Mechansims

Spliceosome Assembly
U1 (blue) binds the 5 splice site and U2 (red) to the branch point. A preformed U4-U5-U6 complex then
joins the assembly to form the complete spliceosome

Nuclear Transport: Ran,

importin and exportin

The two states of Ran: GTPbound and GDP-bound

Protein synthesis
Codon-anticodon recognition

Formation of Aminoacyl-tRNA

Termination

Initiation

Elongation

Protein synthesis: Translation initiation

Protein synthesis: elongation

Protein synthesis:
termination

Protein translation: summary

Elongation

Initiation

Termination

Gene Expression Overview

Protein Sorting ER & Non ER Pathways

Protein Sorting

ER Pathway

Transport
across Golgi

Protein Functions

Organization of Tryptophan
Biosynthesis genes

Lac Operon

Ara Operon

No arabinose

Arabinose Plus

Attenuation

Low level
Tryptophan

High level
Tryptophan