POSTULATES IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW - I (General Principles Structure of Government) Revised and Updated 1997 Edition By Dean ANGEL AGUIRRE, JR.Phatepine Cresight 197 % Dean ANGEL AGUIRRE, JR. Ate vighte reseed. Tle part of this bos may be reproduced ee any form, by phatostat. microfilm, reragraphy. 0% ay ther means, 0 tconporatid ido any ieformation system, cleric or mechanteal, witha the wtten permission of the copspight anes Every copy of this bak must bean the genie andl orginal guatire of the author othewise tt shalt be comsidered a8 emanating from au dlegat source PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Some seven years ago, POSTULATES was org 1s hancallyconctind to hap the law te and. Bar reviewees to better nderstand and appreciate the law to the end that they may sce and retain the eazence of the law and thus effectively apply the law to = gives Philippine sltuation. ‘The encouraging words of my colleagues in the academe and ‘lends, aswell students, a thousand and lawyers, have emboldened this author the publication of POSTULATES as his. humble contribution to the legal profession and to society. ‘This revised edition _relterates, trinally settled constitutional postulates a well as the latest jurisprudential pronounc ents of the Supreme Court ‘to fill, hopefully, the needs of our readers for a simplified and updated edition. ‘The author, indebted as be is to his readers, prays that this edition will serve to {fulde them in their quest for the Knowledge of the law which ir the foundation stone of an orderly soclety. >EDITORIAL AND RESEARCH STAFF Board of Editors and Researchers Lawyer-CPA Minda C. Gapuz Lawyer Datu Omar Sinsuat Lawyer Ramsey Domingo G. Pichay Assistant Editors and Researchers Lawyer Judina 0. Fabros Lawyer Roselyn A. Borja Ermaraldo I. Gupo Published by LEX SCRIPTA SUPREMA PUBLISHERS, INC. Quezon City, Philippine: Printed by SAINT PANCRATIUS PRINT, INC. ‘Quezon City, Philippines e POSTULATES IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (Revised and Updated Edition, 1997) Dean ANGEL AGUIRRE, JR. (AB-LLB-LLat) Pre-Bar and Pre-Week Reviewer ia POLITICAL LAW College of Law, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila College of Law, University of the East “Arellano Law Foundation Institute of Law, Far Eastern Untoerstty College of Law, Manuel Luts Quezon University ‘Cosmopolitan Law Review Center ‘National Bar Review Center Law Professor Publte International Law ‘Constitutional Law 1 Constitutional Law 11 Administrative Law and Public Officers ‘Municipal Corporations Member, Philippine Bar Charter Member, Philippine Association of Law Professors Resource Person in Political Law, UP Law Center (1979 to Present}