Constant gm Current Reference

Objective:
To design a constant gm current reference that is equal to the current
reference value (Iref=8uA) in the previous laboratory which is lab 4 (2-Stage
Amplifier).

HSPICE CODE:

In normal simulation, some of the Start-Up MOS is not in the saturation

region: M14 and M15 are in cut-off region while M16 is in linear region. The M16
has a great value of Vgs that causes M14 and M15 to be in cut-off region. M31
and M32 have equal value of Iref(8.05uA) which is almost equal to my Iref(8uA) in
2-stage amplier.

In this figure, around 260m is the threshold voltage of the system. Beyond
the threshold system, the Id or Iref is increasing until it reaches the value of
saturation.

In this figure, we can easily notice that the current Iref is directly proportional to the
voltage vdd. Also, the Iref reaches a value of 8.05uA at the maximum vdd which is 1.8V