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PENYAKIT INFEKSI YG
BERHUBUNGAN DGN
PERUBAHAN IKLIM
Nunuk Nugrohowati, Drg, MS
11/25/2014
As UV-B increases with ozone depletion, it may potentially affect immunity to such diseases at the same
time that changes in climate due to global warming may result in the expression of diseases in areas that
have never dealt with them before. This could cause a situation where a population has a depressed
immunity to a disease and is exposed to it in an area where public health facilities are ill prepared to deal
with it
Increases in global temperature are likely to cause droughts and associated disruptions in agriculture and
water supplies. The United States and other highly developed nations probably have the resources and the
infrastructure to adjust, with regional impacts being ameliorated by national distribution systems. In the less
well-developed nations, it is likely that these effects will result in famines, thereby contributing to
malnutrition and increased susceptibility to a variety of infectious diseases. The World Bank has estimated
that there are at least 100 million individuals in Africa who do not have enough food (28); the additional
problems due to global warming can only serve to make such a bad situation worse.
sea level, eventually placing many thousands of hectares of land under water. Much of the world's
populations live on coastlines that will be threatened, and as the coastlines disappear, their residents will be
crowded into less land area. Such crowding is likely to exacerbate many of the problems already
encountered in the megacities housing much of the population in developing nations.
11/25/2014
Latar belakang
1.
2.
3. Vektor Penyakit
Krn perub suhu, peny yg berkemb di
daerah tropis dpt berkemb ditempat lain
(sub tropis) mis malaria, Dengue (suhu
dpt memperpendek waktu berkemb biak
virus, bakteri, parasit)
Tkt perkemb biakan, distribusi sec geo grafis vektor peny sangat tergant pada:
suhu (metabolic rate, produksi telur,
blood feed >),
curah hujan,
kelembaban
(habitat vektor yg baik) 7
11/25/2014
1.
2.
3.
Malaria
Filariasis
Culex sp.
Aedes aegypti
Aedes aegypti
Encephalitis
Yellow fever
Dengue
Biting flies
Filariasis
River blindness
Sleeping sickness
Deer fly
Black fly
Tsetse fly
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Plasmodium sp.
Wuchereria bancrofti
Wuchereria malayi
Arbovirus
Arbovirus
Arbovirus
Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus
Trypanosoma gambiense
9
and rhodesiense
Vector
Sand fly
Gnats
Rat flea
Body louse
Mite
Tick
Tick
Tick
Disease
Pathogen
Kala-azar
Leishmania donovani
Tropical ulcer
L tropica
Cutaneous leishmaniasis L mexicana
Espundia
L Braziliense
Other insects
Filariasis
Mansonella ozzardi
Plaque
Yersinia pestis
Murine thypus
Rickettsia mooseri
Epidemic typhus
R. prowazekii
Trench fever
R,quintana
Rickettsialpox
R.akari
Rocky moun spotted fever R.rickettsi
Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
Colorado tick fever
Arbovirus_____________
10
Cholera
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11
Agent
Vibrio Cholerae & Vibrio Eltor
John Snow 1854 kolera ditularkan mel air
Koch 1884 penemu Vibrio Cholerae
Penyebaran
Indonesia, India, Bangladesh
Reservoir
Manusia (Human Reservoir)
Transmisi
Makanan/minuman yang tercemar dengan
tinja, urine atau cairan muntahan pasien
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12
2.
Malaria
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3.
Meningococcal meningitis
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4.
Dengue/DHF
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5.
Yellow Fever
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6.
African trypanosomiasis
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7.
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8.
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9.
Leishmaniasis
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10.
Zoonotic-arbovirus dg transmisi o/
nyamuk urban culex kadang2 meny
sakit pd mnskurang penting pd kes
masy, kec akhir2 ini meny wabah di
US
Epidemik muncul pd musim panas &
kering, erat hub dg iklim
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B.
1.
24
2.
Diarrhea Non-cholera
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3.
Measles, pertusis,
poliomyelitis
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5.
Tuberculosis (TB)
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C.
1.
Intestinal nematoda
2.
Schistosomiasis
29
3.
Lymphatic filariasis
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4.
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5.
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