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    Ayushman Shukla
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    CCD and CMOS working

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    CCD and CMOS working

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    15 просмотров8 страниц

    Semiconductor Optoelectronics

    Загружено:

    Ayushman Shukla
    CCD and CMOS working

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 8
    Chapter 5+ Photodetectrs and image Sensors ‘Shotts cue tom te deer = [as + ail! = 07 ‘hema ecu fork, = (82) 12904 “Thus, eno comtion fo A restr hha om he de. The SA (sxw"ar esealy SNRs qualia dies. Wenz 10g SNR) of Hag ISD, Le, 11.8 4B. Cy, ‘telaseutnchasa diet ome oneal pron, 8. Avalanche Noise in the APD In be valnche potest, bath phutogencrate and heal ovens cas ening tbe stalache sone ate mul. The bet wie sited with tse cara abo mid 18 fad gg ate he uniuligtie ( ~ 1) dak curren and phtccurent (pay pln en especialy inthe APD tenth i res core (asanrms valve) inthe APD sb fe fearo = MMC + aM = [2a + hue) “The APD. ei exces amlache nie tat is dove this mid het nie ofthe ‘showcumentand dark cur. Ths excess noise do tothe randonmes ofthe npc ni Sonprocen ihc aliphatic rcgian Somecaren tvelfaandsome short Stes win the romeo hey ete pacts Ft the acon dec ot cot ‘niformy over he maltinicaton reson bit more feqnt nh ew Fe one. Thin, he ‘ukipicuion M ucts abouts me yale, The slo the tii of iy onion Sap exes me contin, called avalanche suse, othe mliped sol soe: The none (Save in am APD a hen pen by aww = Rela + Jada! wazuy where Finca he ences ie facta union of M a the inet ition ea “lis (all cooteiems), General, Fis aproimated by the rlinship F~ AP whew -isaniades da depend on he eaikondscur the APD sit, and he pe fea tha ‘tates the arlame (ectoa ce hole For Si APDs xs 0-05, whees for Ge and ULV (sacha InGaAs alloys is 7-1 Bae, wasn isa A ih = 87 wih ere = 1 Tepe (3) So Arp moccunut hr steam {© Werapsaiy arit= DAORAW" wha enim poss aSNROt 102 Pe ® |[Dk) © | too. 518 + image Sensors 434 Solution (tne ncn of ay pace he ne th APD anes rote dak care thew pe da cae hw ing FM ny (ST em cae aa = [a ry Tas Sag 5 Va = Vaiss OHO x AKIO 127 AE AME oe Lapa Het (0) merino oF 70 Nt tense canes Joa = (700% HP HLAT PAE) = 338% EA oe TRSHA (6) Toe SNR wih iy sea th APD Spatpovet ue fase war ~ Bada = fat] Rearaig i an Me ab, 2ae~srap|.,~ ae-asny,| =0 “Tis qua agaion ia, Wd in cots Se MB. tnd SNE whe. “ving squad nih SME = MS yee nd te may som ol a fa i ess ae dak secure (3.5 mA) A te ae tua plojcuneat Fb 176 8A, sae HB tli y Parr he Lol aoe carat oo Pala cH ‘ily cect SSR = P= Il = 176 X WN/OEAW =22% WW oe BAW 5.12 IMAGE SENSORS A. Basle Principles [An image seme, 2 laste in Fipie 5.3 (a) a nea cit chp made po 2 any of phaosenive cements th sale to capture an image and provide an opt in he fm fan lai imal sch as cent charg. or volage The ouput well pr gh |amliplenr alan anabg-to igi comer to buns dita frm of he mage 2 sows ‘Fite 538) The cra analy comin of an aay of clement ale pal (pe! om “pct cen” in rows and Mf elumes. whee each ckmet of pel fas a detector and {sable wo prove am cles inal ht is pool wo th ht ineasitywcied at his Pinel A km oem snemge of the ct on he tage sens ad igh emy AX) at [SER pik of thi imae fon he ens canes he eeespending inl at the XY lation. The imap pois X.¥ectes the itl att locaton, hat the pita ino and cob) nd the a Chapter 5+ Photodetectrs and image Sensors FIGURE 33-0) Th nase pan wg ty oenne Tee ee ip remnant st ry (HOH pitt (hm an eka sig (he) poprtona to Tha each pil) ear ‘esa pec ofthe image inermatin, «pve ft "The imaging aay shown in Figure S39 () sabes from a master nto ead out the signs clrge atthe pal and eme provide an clectenialy recorded sage. Tho fe to mae sod dat teins chargeconple device (CCD) sn complementary metal ‘xi semiconctor (CMOS) scrsars each With fs om advantages and reocks ws i> ‘Gasol it Sects B und C tel CMOS refers he exdncogy that wot aca he Sener nthe CCD tecimlogs te ecdent ight a apse gence charge at tre ihe (CCD pie te awe} atic lcation (and cused below). Thischarg gma sre ot ‘ny aseqveril losing machinima charctrs ofthe CCD cpio, =the hss '©anevetal sift reise for eal-ou. The CMOS sensor is mote Ike te image ser chip Sownin Figure 535) Each pic in MOS Faso anda potoioe. The eet ‘lea sia oad oun by Ene. Ao i ade yh contol andl he pil im Ihierom previ this the comms ties) j= 14H. The pals ta emi ‘pkxed snd dgtizedw provides pal inage. The nage semor quanies the image Decase mags sampled by the pels, which a of ie se Color ending wth nage semerscan be denen fe ways. The mos commen 10 ne ‘ei, ren and er ders osepane ul the okra pit ont re diferent aan aes ce a Son SSrecht peter 518 + Image Sensors such a inthe Mayer color image semior stoi Figur 534) In thece CCD imag, = Stown in Fgure8 34 («who pis nsf 1 separ the ht fom the objet {noi tad, poen and blue canponsas, and tuee feet CCDs ae ual to daze each c- oes A tediclnigae men ret stein pao red rem, ae ih con ‘The ed, geen. and blo ee he diferent poneraton depts in sticn oth in rnp ve cn ase photoes at iret Jest dsingish bate the cols Mh Baye ring {Chater intel cones coking oct B. Active Matrix Array and CMOS Image Sensors Many age scmory mel m vrious ft pane TV techacoges ake me of ative mix sara (AMAS) An active mate aay is two-dinosiol ray of pel in which each ikl is Ua ln wastrel ffs uansr tat bas boon fabicad by us a ‘im technologies that on hecleraly adden real spl oa seme sed 3 ha [BxeL. Depending onthe apptition an AMA can hve few peso ails of pines. The ‘TPTAMA teuology wan ponetel ty Peter Brody ing CdSe TPTs incr 1970s snp Sed agra shown n gure 5.5 (a) forte aay ain (b) for ech pac Eac pic ans ‘hoi ands apactor Cy. When spinel cites ligt fom spriclar ot on he Pinte obs, te phoinds penne cient ja which cages he el cago Cy. ‘Te signa thc charge Qn toed o8 Cy The aa of pes hecfon as We age led schamgeson tel capcitnce, Alle have o doa read the charges ot "ick pnt ented wthie TP pte connate toa pacar adi in nthe soar 1 pnicalr da inc as shown in Figve 3.3 () When owas ales al tes and ence Al signal on ht ow eet beda fea eutono he daa ines parle dia hh con be coed nt ola Wena Un ets ire by cow ire BS} {sng fom he ep rand see eteing coe twain Tha ech me we state and acces aos. we eth ital (Quay oneach Cy on hat os poral da. "CMOS Image Senor fusca an AMA in which ech poo has pittiode or eto ml encore CMOS no real and apy the ecicalwgdhal as e Ais ee ‘oct FIGURE 5.35) A i mae ap AMA) ) Ate pom pe ie ding ‘Spm ariel eyo snc 424 Chapters photodetectors and image Sensors meh ane ‘Stemensenessndcie es Hectares cred bythe ig incideat on ss pn he pic real ut operon is een the same [B htin be AMA The piclarcicce, hoever, an cnge em pion oan ‘CMOS isa woesished icon faction techodny,wBichmeans fat CMOS mags sensor aa be ficatod realy inexpensively I the plclisaive with gain ten the imager Scaledan acne pine image senor, or ative piel emo Ina piv pal emer thew = ‘eb snsceng tamer to rad the carpe cat hon the tame swith alee Nesey it maiem CMOS images ee atv pel ams, One pose acre pike aches ming “aphudiods b shovn im Figue 3.36 (a) Ty sheet uanssot. Ts works asoue flower (ies atuler) and Ty i pel svi tamitr, Wilh To ec ptocunent cape the self ‘Spence oe plod o veri olge- When he ow Xtecetvest sul, ted ‘nan the sigma volugsom the paid wasfored hee fe ber Ts the em F “Te piel sense and, connate phtodade 10 Veo to dea fe accumu chats Foeseatenosincen (CMOS imager have 3 number of inc avantages. Standard and wells {CM fication al Rens Hower cot pean on-chip meron Sich sx eamerac ach ‘A camer co chip his 2 micrlens at cach pinel—a te. geen. or ble icra ach pil forcoler agai illite in Fagee 5.36 (batalog signal procensag aller the rade “amplification a wll to impor he oval efficiency. CMOS low power consumption fads 10 ‘linge bate He sonal Ea 512 = image Sensors © charge-coupled Devices (Cacao devices (CCDs) a commenly weds image srs in profi ie cm thetem CCD in genera resnetimply an imag ener bata chip that sable sore and anser SSgaa nde form ofcage: The CCD chipisan tegrated cucu made Hoa cylin icon {Cem chp ray hve 024 1024 ce 2048 52048 pnts te sua The bcp sr ture sa MOS (metal. semicon ora MIS (mal nasi semicon) dovice "shown in Figure 537 Node hate sre based on a p-type Sian ouie ger, and 3 ‘enductor The EHDy are genre nie th dpi pion by lini aor from he top srface oro te hacks shown in Figure 5.7. In bck thinned CCD. lt ete the

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